Battle of Tourcoing

1812:

emigrant who had enlisted in the 14th Foot offered to guide Fox's soldiers cross-country. Though continually harassed by French skirmishers, cannon fire, and cavalry, the British brigade managed to reach Leers and safety. However, it suffered the loss of all its battalion guns but one, and 534 officers and men out of a total of 1,120. York barely evaded capture after starting the day at Roubaix. Finding himself cut off from the forces of Abercromby and Fox, and seeing his Austrian battalions melting away, he took a small escort from the 16th Light Dragoons and rode toward Wattrelos. While riding through that town, York's party was taken under fire by some French soldiers and then they rode cross-country. They came upon a small group of Hessians defending the Spiere brook. York's horse refused to cross the brook, so he waded across, took the horse of an

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was compelled to retreat when a French battery opened fire from the north. Montfrault formed his troops into a large square, with 4 battalions and light artillery in front, 1 battalion protecting each flank, cavalry guarding the rear, heavy artillery and wagons in the center, and light infantry holding a skirmish line. Montfrault started withdrawing in this formation about 8:15 am. The 2 Hessian battalions in Wattrelos, outnumbered 6-to-1, were forced to retreat at 8:00 am. With the help of a 2-company force sent by Otto, the Hessians escaped to Leers. Unable to retreat through Wattrelos, Montfrault's still-intact square turned into a secondary road that passed west of the town. Here, Montfrault was hit by Bonnaud's troops from the south and Souham's men from the north and west. The square formation broke up and the Austrians fled to Leers.

1794:. Roubaix was still held by a dismounted squadron of the 16th Light Dragoons. The column of guns and the Guards brigade exited the walled town safely and turned right into the road leading to Lannoy. As the Austrian Hussars emerged, a nearby French gun took the column in enfilade, causing havoc. The Hussars tried in vain to find another escape route, but finally galloped down the road through a gauntlet of fire. Unknown to the horsemen, the artillery train ahead of them had been ambushed and the drivers panicked, abandoning their guns and limbers in the road and fleeing with the horses. After riding 300 to 400 yd (274 to 366 m), the cavalry plowed into the artillery blockade, throwing horses and riders to the ground, as the French peppered them with musketry. The British camp followers were also killed in the chaos. 1354: 222: 211: 144: 1787:

north of Roubaix. York fruitlessly sent couriers to recall the two battalions sent to Otto. At Mouvaux, the defenses faced east with the line bent back to the hamlet of Le Fresnoy to defend against attack from the north. Fox's brigade faced west toward Lille. The remaining Austrian battalions were posted near Roubaix, to Fox's right rear. These units were soon swept away by the French assault partly because Bonnaud's troops moved through the gaps left by the two missing battalions. By this time, the brigades of Thierry and Daendels were advancing from Wattrelos to strike York's column from the north. The French attackers completely isolated Abercromby's Guards brigade and York sent orders for it to fall back to Roubaix.

5255: 1178: 1435: 5190: 1483: 5122: 1857: 156: 1775:. Bonnaud split his 18,000 troops into two columns: the northern moved through Pont-a-Breug (modern Flers-Breucq) toward Roubaix, the southern moved through L'Hempenpont toward Lannoy. Malbrancq moved south from Roncq toward Mouvaux. Macdonald advanced from Halluin against the west side of Tourcoing. Compère marched from Mouscron against Tourcoing's north side. Thierry moved from Mouscron and Daendels marched from Aalbeke; both attacked Wattrelos. Jardon advanced from Belleghem against Dottignies where his troops dueled with Bussche's Hanoverians the rest of the day. 286: 1664:

be able to reach Pont-à-Marcq by 6:00 am on 17 May, Kinsky delayed his march. Nevertheless, Kinsky eventually moved forward and drove the French from Bouvines. His troops were unable to cross the Marque because the French had broken the bridge and covered the crossing with a battery of heavy guns. Erskine's reserve cavalry was supposed to support York, but it took the wrong road and joined Kinsky's column instead. Charles' column left Saint-Amand at 10:00 pm on 16 May and fought its way across the river at Pont-à-Marcq at 2:00 pm on 17 May. His soldiers reached

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Kinsky heard about the defeat of York and Ott and withdrew. Charles received early-morning orders to march to Lannoy, only 6 mi (10 km) distant. Yet, his troops did not move until noon and did not reach the Tournai-Lille highway until 3:00 pm. By then, new orders arrived directing him to fall back to Tournai. Charles later proved himself to be a gifted commander, but the inertia of Kinsky and Charles on this day was so astounding that it led Fortescue to opine that their lack of urgency was encouraged at headquarters by generals in the faction of

1877:, the Austrian prime minister, in an act of deliberate betrayal to sabotage the English so Austria would not be kept in the war against France, and could focus instead on countering Prussia in Poland, his preferred foreign policy priority. However, Fortescue's chauvinistic assertion was based on the claim that Austrian headquarters had not urged Kinsky and Charles forward, whereas they actually had tried. Phipps wrote of Kinsky and Charles, "As far as the battle was concerned, the 29,000 men of these two columns might have been a hundred miles away". 1825: 4996: 169: 1892:, the French suffered a loss of 3,000 casualties, including brigadier Pierquin killed, and seven cannons. The Allies lost 4,000 killed and wounded, with 1,500 men captured. There was no pursuit of the defeated Allied main body. Of his 74,000 Allied soldiers, Coburg only committed 48,000 to battle. Edward Cust estimated that the Coalition lost 3,000 men and 60 guns. H. Coutanceau believed that York's column lost 53 officers, 1,830 men, and 32 guns, while T. J. Jones only admitted a loss of 65 killed and 875 wounded and missing. 1494:, the Allies divided their 62,000-man army (including 12,000 cavalry) into six columns. Bussche led 4,000 Hanoverians in 5 battalions and 8 squadrons. These included 2 battalions of the 1st Infantry Regiment, the 1st and 4th Grenadier Battalions, and 2 squadrons each of the 1st and 7th Cavalry and the 9th and 10th Light Dragoon Regiments. Otto commanded 10,000 men in 12 battalions and 10 squadrons. York directed 10,000 soldiers in 12 battalions and ten squadrons. York's column included the following British troops: 4654: 1704:, Moreau, Macdonald, Macdonald's staff officer Pamphile Lacroix, and Pichegru's chief-of-staff Jean Jacques Liébert met at Menin in council that evening to decide on a plan. Simply put, Moreau would defend the line of the Lys against Clerfayt's advance while Souham struck southwest from Courtrai and Bonnaud attacked northeast from Lille. Early in the morning they would hurl approximately 40,000 troops at the 20,000 Allies under York and Otto. Meanwhile, the division of André Drut at 41: 180: 5220: 5165: 1738: 1642: 1443: 1896:

at their Austrian allies for apparently abandoning them. On 23 May, Mack resigned his position of chief-of-staff and left the army. In his opinion, the reconquest of the Austrian Netherlands was a lost cause. The following day, a gloomy council of war was held by Francis, with only York asking for a renewal of the attack on the French. Nevertheless, Kaunitz again beat the French right wing on the Sambre at the

3080: 293: 1581:. Charles' fifth column was 18,000-strong. Starting from Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, it would march to Pont-à-Marcq while sending a detachment to preserve contact with Kinsky. It was ordered to force a passage across the Marque and turn north, join Kinsky's column, and finally join hands with York near Mouvaux. The sixth column under Clerfayt counted 19,600 men and was instructed to move south from Tielt to 1283: 1255: 1199: 1213: 1241: 1185: 1269: 1227: 1752: 1730:. Otto's column was distributed with 7½ battalions and 3 squadrons at Tourcoing, 2 battalions at Wattrelos, and 3 battalions and 3 squadrons at Leers. York's column was spread out with Abercromby's Guards brigade and the 7th and 15th Light Dragoons at Mouvaux, 4 Austrian battalions and the 16th Light Dragoons defended Roubaix, 2 Hessian battalions held Lannoy, and 1682:

Guards brigade chased the French out of Roubaix. Around 5:00–6:00 pm, York found that Mouscron was still held by the French and decided to halt his advance at Roubaix. He had also heard nothing from Otto or Kinsky. However, Emperor Francis ordered York to continue his march to Mouvaux and overrode his objections. Therefore, the Guards brigade under

1399:. When York's appeal for help arrived, Kinsky was sent to Denain with 6,000 troops so that Wurmb's force could march to Tournai. Then Kaunitz announced that he was hard-pressed. Coburg told Francis II that he must decide whether the main army should move to Flanders or to the Sambre. On 13 May, Kaunitz won the 1678:

back to Dottignies and Herseaux. Most of the 1st Hanoverian Infantry was captured. Otto's column successively drove Compère's brigade from Leers, Wattrelos, and Tourcoing. However, this merely pushed Compère's men back to Mouscron where they were able to join Thierry's brigade and help defeat Bussche.

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On 27 May, Coburg wrote to York that Emperor Francis was perfectly satisfied with his actions at Tourcoing, and that York had executed all his orders properly. Francis and the Austrian generals were discouraged at the result. The morale of the British soldiers remained intact, but the men were bitter

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The second day of the Battle of Tourcoing, 18 May. Souham and Bonnaud improvise a pincer counterattack on the columns of Otto and York, who have been left exposed in a salient by the failures of Clerfayt, Charles and Kinsky to advance, and by Bussche's repulse. Otto and York are crushed while Charles

1708:

would mount a demonstration to the northeast and the Lille garrison would feint to its southeast. Moreau remarked, "It would require a piece of good fortune, on which we cannot count, to prevent half my division and myself being sacrificed according to this plan, but still it is the best which can be

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The other columns encountered a heavy fog early on 17 May. While Kinsky had only 7 mi (11 km) to march from Froidmont to Bouvines, Charles' column was expected to march 15 mi (24 km) from Saint-Amand to Pont-à-Marcq. After receiving a message from Charles that his column would not

1645:

The first day of the Battle of Tourcoing, 17 May. The attacks of the right wing under York and Otto have gone according to plan, but Bussche on the extreme right has been pushed back from Mouscron. Charles and Kinsky, the crucial left hook, have been badly delayed by Charles' long march, and Kinsky's

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Map showing the French and Allied positions on 16 May, the day before the battle, as well as the Allied plan of attack for the battle of Tourcoing. Coburg planned to use a heavy attack from his left flank to outflank and cut the French army off from their base at Lille, while Clerfayt would close the

1379:

on 10 May, Bonnaud's 23,000 troops advanced to attack the Coalition troops holding Tournai. York turned the French right flank with a mass of cavalry. The French infantry repelled a series of cavalry charges, but the Allied horsemen finally prevailed after receiving artillery support; the French were

1807:

allowed them to approach; they were French and cut the harnesses to the gun teams. The Guards and the cavalry marched cross-country to Marquain. The Guards brigade lost 196 officers and men while the light dragoons lost 52 men and 92 horses. The British artillery lost 19 out of 28 guns. The Hessians

1872:

When Kinsky was urged by the emperor's aide-de-camp to push forward to Sainghin, he replied, "Kinsky knows what he has to do". Nevertheless, his column remained inactive. At 6:00 am, one of his subordinates asked for orders and Kinsky announced that he was sick and no longer in command. At 2:00 pm,

1686:

assaulted the village with the bayonet, driving the French from their well-fortified positions and capturing 3 cannons. The 7th and 15th Light Dragoons circled around Mouvaux and caught the retreating French, cutting down 300 of them. A group of light dragoons actually galloped into the French camp

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During the night, Bussche assembled at Saint-Leger to the west of Warcoing. On 17 May, his column advanced to Mouscron and captured the place. Bussche was stoutly opposed by Thierry's brigade, which was reinforced by Souham. Compère counterattacked, recovering Mouscron and throwing Bussche's troops

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On 13 May, Pichegru left the scene to pay a visit to his right wing, leaving Souham in temporary command. The Army of the North included the divisions of Souham (28,000), Moreau (22,000), Bonnaud (20,000) and Pierre-Jacques Osten (10,000), altogether 82,000 soldiers. Osten's soldiers were posted at

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Nr. 23 with orders to return if they were too late to save the town. In fact, by the time they reached Tourcoing, the place had already fallen to the French and they never returned to York. The Austrian commander at Tourcoing, Eugen von Montfrault took a defensive position east of the town, but he

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York's column moved through Templeuve to attack Lannoy with the Guards brigade, supported by the light dragoons. The French fled so quickly that they suffered very few casualties. York left two Hessian battalions to hold Lannoy and pressed onward to Roubaix. Though the place was well-defended, the

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so the next day the emperor decided the main army must move west toward Flanders. Even so, Orange and 8,000 troops were left behind to protect Landrecies. Despite the odds, York was determined to attack on 15 May, in cooperation with Clerfayt. In the night of 14 May, a message arrived from Francis

1848:

and a Hessian cavalry regiment was surrounded by the French. The Coalition troopers gallantly cut their way out of the trap, though they lost two-thirds of their numbers. Vandamme reported that the cavalry got as far as Halluin, causing his artillery to hurriedly withdraw. Two battalions arrived,

1811:

Fox's brigade defended itself successfully from Bonnaud's troops, but found itself surrounded. The brigade withdrew in good order, reaching the main road near Lannoy. Soon afterward, the brigade found that the French had set up a battery in the road blocking their escape. At this moment, a French

1786:

Between 6:00 and 7:00 am, Bonnaud's division began attacking York's troops at Roubaix and Lannoy; this was a little after Otto's column came under assault. Soon after, Malbrancq's brigade attacked Mouvaux from the north and some of the French formations that had captured Tourcoing began to appear

1712:

On the evening of 17 May, Coalition headquarters knew that Bussche failed to capture Mouscron and that Charles was out of position. It had no news at all from Clerfayt. Uneasy that his left flank was not covered, at 9:00 pm York asked permission to withdraw to Lannoy. Mack refused, promising York

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Problems with the Allied plan began to appear at once. Clerfayt did not receive his orders until late in the morning on 16 May and his column did not start until the evening. The sandy roads slowed the march so that his troops did not reach Wervik until the afternoon of 17 May. Clerfayt found the

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completely by surprise. Catherine asked Francis for help and Prussia withdrew 20,000 soldiers from the war against France. At imperial headquarters, one faction led by Coburg wanted to continue the war with France, while another faction wanted Austria's energies directed toward Poland in order to

1864:

The French formations did not pursue Otto and York, because of the looming threat from Clerfayt. Souham ordered the brigades of Malbrancq, Macdonald, and Daendels to march against Clerfayt on the evening of 18 May. Bonnaud, Thierry, and Compère were left to hold Wattrelos and Lannoy. That night,

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On the morning of 17 May, the French generals had no idea of the trap being sprung around them. They were only aware of the movements of Clerfayt's column, so they moved the divisions of Souham and Moreau to the north bank of the Lys. As reports of the Allied advance reached them, the French

1802:

Eventually the Guards cleared the immediate area and the rest of the troops recovered themselves. As the column neared Lannoy, it was believed to be held by the French. In fact, the 2 battalions of Hessians were still holding out. Seeing some cavalrymen and believing them to be Hessians,

1530:. Kinsky led 9,000 men in 10 battalions and 16 squadrons and Charles commanded 14,000 men in 17 battalions and 32 squadrons. Clerfayt had 16,000 troops in 25 battalions and 28 squadrons. In addition, a cavalry reserve of 16 British squadrons under Erskine was assembled near Hertain. 1479:. The land is mostly level, but there were many villages and farmhouses enclosed by hedges. It was difficult to move off-road, but roads were plentiful in the region and the main roads were wide. The terrain was not favorable for cavalry operations, giving the French an advantage. 1455:(Annihilation Plan). Mack is usually credited with its development, but the strategic concept may have been York's. The plan's stated goal was, "to act upon the enemy's communications between Lille and Menin and Courtrai, to defeat his armies that he has advanced upon 1734:'s brigade (14th, 37th, and 53rd Foot) deployed west of Roubaix, watching Lille. Patrolling the area were 4 Austrian squadrons. The nearest unit belonging to Kinsky's column was 4 mi (6 km) distant at Pont-à-Tressin. This was Wurmb's Hessian brigade. 1767:. The brigades of Daendels and Jardon deployed 3 mi (5 km) farther east between Aalbeke and Belleghem. The brigades of Compère and Thierry at Mouscron plugged the space between Macdonald and Daendels. The divisions of Bonnaud and Osten were near 1668:

but were too tired to go any farther. Charles' advance forced Bonnaud to abandon Sainghin and withdraw to Lille, allowing Kinsky to repair the bridge at Bouvines. However, Kinsky cautiously had his soldiers camp on the east bank of the Marque that night.

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had 4,000–6,000 men. The two Coalition commanders worked out a plan where Clerfayt would attack Courtrai from the north while York would strike from the direction of Tournai and cut off the French from Lille. At about the same time, Pichegru ordered

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watched a soldier's wife kiss her baby and then throw it in a ditch. "She frantically rushed forwards and, before she got ten yards, was rent in pieces by a discharge of grape that entered her back." Wilson claimed that York's column lost 56 guns.

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with a considerable reinforcement for the right wing. Clerfayt, who had been drawn to the east, was ordered back to cover the western flank. It was too late; Pichegru had already attacked. Pierre Antoine Michaud's 12,000-man division advanced from

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York and Otto were ordered to attack Mouscron at noon. The Coalition staff officers apparently never considered that the positions of the second and third columns invited a French counterattack. Bussche's mauled units defended Dottignies and

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When Landrecies surrendered on 30 April, Coburg sent York west to reinforce Clerfayt. The two Coalition forces joined at Tournai: York led 18,000 soldiers, Clerfayt commanded 19,000 troops (though one British brigade was still en route), and

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bridge over the Lys was well-fortified by the French. When he called for his pontoon train, it was found that it had been left in the rear by some blunder and the column was delayed several hours. It was 1:00 am on 18 May before the

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conforming to his pace. Clerfayt, already behind schedule, is halted for the rest of the day at the Lys waiting for bridging equipment. Souham crosses the Lys to counter Clerfayt, but recrosses it when York, Otto and Bussche attack.

1722:, had a seizure. However, the staff failed to notify the next in command. At 3:00 am, Mack sent a fresh set of orders instructing Charles to leave 10 battalions and 20 squadrons to watch Lille, and march with Kinsky to Lannoy. 1536:

stated that the Allies employed 73,350 soldiers. Five columns would attack from the Tournai area and were numbered from north to south. Bussche's first column consisted of 4,000 Hanoverians and was ordered to move north from

1384:'s brigade (of Moreau's division) at Courtrai but failed to capture the place. The next day, Souham reinforced Vandamme with part of his division. On 11 May, the French drove back Clerfayt who retreated north to 1404:

telling York that he would soon arrive and the Allies would launch a major attack. Francis joined York in Tournai on 15 May while Archduke Charles and the main Coalition army arrived at Saint-Amand-les-Eaux.

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At the beginning of April, the Coalition army occupied the following positions. Not counting garrisons, the right wing numbered 24,000 Austrians, Hessians, and Hanoverians under Clerfayt with headquarters at

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Franz von Koller to Charles with orders to march to Lannoy immediately. At 4:00 am when Koller arrived at Charles' headquarters, his staff refused to awaken the general. In fact, Charles, who suffered from

1771:. At 3:00 am on 18 May, the French army began moving into its assault positions. Osten's division and Baillot's cavalry were left to fend off any advances from Kinsky and Charles in the area of Flers and 6342: 1633:

and Nicolas Joseph Desenfans, and the latter unit was observing Ypres and not in close contact. Fortescue credited Vandamme with 8,000 troops, while Steve Brown stated that he commanded 12,000 troops.

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which is a tributary of the Lys. The Marque could only be crossed by bridges because of its soft bottom and swampy banks. The Spiere brook rises near Roubaix and flows eastward into the Scheldt at

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Vandamme's men steadied, pushed back Clerfayt a distance, and captured a color from the 8th Light Dragoons. Thinking that the French received 5,000 reinforcements, Clerfayt pulled back to

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commanders reacted. Only Vandamme's brigade was left on the north bank to observe Clerfayt, while the rest of the troops were recalled to the south bank. Souham, Souham's staff officer

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on 26 April, Coalition cavalry routed a 20,000-man French column that tried to relieve Landrecies. The Allies inflicted 7,000 casualties on the French and captured their commander

1350:. That night, the Allied garrison abandoned Menin and successfully broke through the French investment. By taking Menin and Courtrai, the French had pierced the Coalition front. 829: 611: 853: 841: 1840:

where they faced Vandamme's brigade (now on the south bank). Clerfayt drove back Vandamme's right flank and captured 8 guns. Desenfans' brigade retreated southwest to

1545:. However, one-third of Bussche's column was sent on a subsidiary mission toward Courtrai. Otto's second column counted 10,000 soldiers and was sent northwest through 865: 6004: 1106:. In March 1794, the Army of the North numbered 194,930 men, including 126,035 soldiers available for the field. Pichegru also had authority over the subordinate 621: 518: 28: 4885: 3227: 1296: 1869:, carrying off 300 prisoners and 7 guns. The French tried to move through Menin to intercept Clerfayt, but Hanoverian cavalry repulsed the leading elements. 1177: 336: 5259: 6049: 548: 6281: 3371: 1391:

After the fall of Landrecies, the Coalition high command was torn between moving the army west to save coastal Flanders or east to assist Kaunitz on the

604: 5671: 4572: 4527: 4434: 4381: 4312: 4182: 4156: 4073: 3970: 3897: 553: 543: 6424: 6374: 1605:'s brigade occupied Tourcoing to preserve the connection with Bonnaud. As recently as 10 May, Souham's division consisted of the following brigades: 352: 5979: 5207: 5267: 1795: 1778:

The French assault hit Otto at dawn and the local commander Paul Vay De Vay asked York to send help. York sent 2 battalions of Infantry Regiment

1363: 5060: 597: 5406: 6404: 6399: 5202: 5598: 5540: 5329: 3415: 3143: 3003: 6029: 5386: 4725: 1621:, and Philippe Joseph Malbrancq. Compère and Thierry each led independent brigades. Bonnaud's division was made up of the brigades of 5152: 1011: 329: 5984: 5436: 5339: 3055:

A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East : From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East

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stated Allied losses at Tourcoing as 4,000 killed or wounded and 1,500 captured. He gave French casualties as 3,000. According to

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when it might have operated against Clerfayt's western flank. An advanced guard composed of one squadron each of the British

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Abercromby's Guards withdrew to Roubaix protecting a convoy of artillery, with the 7th and 15th Light Dragoons acting as the

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The Hard-Earned Lesson: The British Army & the Campaigns in Flanders & the Netherlands Against the French: 1792–99

1816:, and got away to Otto at Leers. Souham later remarked that York, "came within an ace of accompanying his guns to Lille". 6019: 5974: 5147: 4299: 4060: 3315: 1557:. York's third column numbered 10,750 troops and was directed to advance abreast of Otto's column from Templeuve through 495: 5520: 5474: 168: 6394: 6384: 6337: 6327: 5091: 4397: 4047: 1900:. Pichegru rejoined his army on 19 May and began planning for an attack on the Coalition army that would result in the 5716: 4927: 4902: 1629:, and Pierre Nöel, while the cavalry was grouped under Antoine-Raymond Baillot-Faral. Moreau had only the brigades of 858: 6389: 5711: 5052: 5013: 4559: 4190: 3220: 3171: 2973: 2936: 2846: 1804: 1007: 907: 578: 45:

Frederick, Duke of York, narrowly escapes capture after his column is isolated and crushed at the battle of Tourcoing

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and to drive him out of Flanders". The battlefield was bounded on the north by the Lys River and on the east by the

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made slow progress. On 18 May, Souham concentrated his main strength on the two center columns under the command of

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was ready to use. Only a few battalions crossed, but most of Clerfayt's men camped on the north bank that night.

1416: 1388:. Realizing that the French forces in the area badly outnumbered him, York halted and called for reinforcements. 1313:

with Pichegru's plans for attacking coastal Flanders. With his enemy's plans before him, Coburg immediately sent

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improvised a counterattack which defeated the Coalition's widely separated and poorly coordinated columns. The

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devised a strategy whereby the French armies would envelop both flanks of the Coalition army defending the

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On 16 May, staffs of the Coalition army drew up a battle plan. Coburg's chief-of-staff Mack called it the

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and Kinsky stand by, Clerfayt is repulsed by Vandamme, and what remains of the Allied forces withdraw.

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launched six columns that attempted to envelop part of the French army holding an awkward bulge at

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In this article, battalions always refer to infantry units and squadrons refer to cavalry units.

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Clerfayt received notice of the Coalition defeat. He withdrew across the Lys and continued to

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while hoping to renew the offensive on 19 May. In fact, Vandamme's brigade had fought alone.

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were forced to abandon Lannoy soon after; they sustained 330 casualties out of 900 men.

6419: 5651: 5416: 5381: 5232: 5194: 5189: 4937: 4855: 4850: 4596: 4588: 4283: 4243: 4055: 3948: 3712: 3687: 3631: 3614: 3452: 1845: 1630: 1519: 1381: 1347: 955:. The French army was temporarily led by Souham in the absence of its normal commander 897: 882: 774: 635: 445: 430: 405: 375: 5999: 5816: 5578: 5451: 5008: 4962: 3299: 1597:. Souham's and Moreau's troops were on the south bank of the Lys between Courtrai and 6228: 6161: 6151: 6131: 5237: 4535: 4474: 4458: 4251: 3331: 3185: 3152: 3058: 3039: 3017: 2969: 2932: 2910: 2888: 2842: 1832:

At 7:00 am, Clerfayt's column crossed the Lys near Wervik. His troops marched toward

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The Duke of York's Flanders Campaign: Fighting the French Revolution 1793–1795

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broke out in Poland on 25 March and quickly spread. This event took Francis,

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1794 battle of the Flanders Campaign during the War of the First Coalition

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Phipps wrote that the French generals were at Courtrai rather than Menin.

1889: 1456: 523: 6264: 3007:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 103. 1713:

that Charles and Kinsky would be up in time. At 1:00 am Mack dispatched

6070: 5909: 5525: 4880: 3355: 1837: 1159: 1147: 5777: 5904: 5550: 5461: 5044: 4413: 1866: 1833: 1791: 1554: 1550: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1338:. Accompanied by Pichegru, Souham's 30,000-man division started from 1126:. The 22,000 men of the right center were led by the Duke of York at 1098:. On 8 February 1794, new commander Jean-Charles Pichegru arrived at 972: 66: 40: 3121: 589: 6252: 6247: 6186: 6065: 5939: 4705: 2907:

The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume I The Armée du Nord

1772: 1719: 1578: 1570: 1542: 1346:. On 29 April, Souham defeated Clerfayt's outnumbered force in the 1343: 1323: 1095: 1091: 1075: 991: 3249: 1472: 1395:

River. They considered a feint attack toward Cambrai or investing

1110:

which counted 32,773 men, for a combined total of 227,703 troops.

1083: 1934:

Winter's brigade was not mentioned by Cust, Fortescue, or Phipps.

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François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt

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A History Of The British Army – Vol. IV – Part One (1789–1801)

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and Blancfour. To its east, Macdonald's brigade was posted at

5254: 1760: 1705: 1569:. Kinsky's fourth column had 11,000 men and would start from 1546: 1385: 1339: 1335: 1155: 1139: 1099: 1079: 1071: 1067: 987: 976: 179: 2548: 2546: 2411: 2271: 2269: 2234: 2190: 2118: 1824: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2594: 2592: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2207: 2205: 2180: 2178: 2150: 2148: 2135: 2133: 2043: 1601:. Jean François Thierry's brigade was located at Mouscron. 1538: 1134:, Prince Coburg commanded the 43,000 troops of the center. 1041:, a gesture towards the English pronunciation of the town. 5294: 5134: 2841:. Havertown, Pa.: Pen and Sword Books. pp. 135–136. 2543: 2266: 2007: 1146:

led 27,000 Austrian and Dutch troops on the left wing at

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began; it ended on 30 April with a French capitulation.

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Charge!: Great Cavalry Charges of the Napoleonic Wars

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forced to retreat. Also on 10 May, Clerfayt attacked

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List of people associated with the French Revolution

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defend against an attack by a Coalition army led by

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

3372:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

2733: 2499: 2469: 2454: 2217: 2031: 1956: 1709:proposed, and consequently it should be adopted." 1672: 1090:. The French center would defend the line between 1086:, cutting the Austrian line of communications to 1018:, inflicting a costly setback on the Coalition's 6361: 5208:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 2949:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905) 1746: 1300:Flemish campaign: important locations, May 1794 152: 3250:Significant civil and political events by year 3137: 1138:commanded 19,000 Dutch of the left-center at 1078:. Meanwhile, the right wing was to thrust at 605: 330: 6303: 6262: 6238: 6219: 5203:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 1447:trap from the north and surround the French. 1066:. The French left wing was ordered to seize 3890: 1371:'s large division (formerly Chapuy's) from 1037:The action is sometimes referred to as the 292: 5407:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 3144: 3130: 3104:French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns 1759:Malbrancq's brigade lay south of Menin at 1589:Pont-à-Marcq. Bonnaud's men bivouacked at 612: 598: 337: 323: 39: 5672:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 5330:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 5153:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 3011: 2879: 2790: 2778: 2693: 2676: 2634: 2617: 2598: 2571: 2537: 2520: 2448: 2417: 2393: 2298: 2260: 2243: 2211: 2196: 2184: 2154: 2139: 2124: 2097: 2085: 2073: 2049: 2025: 2013: 1977: 1012:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 6425:Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe 6375:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars 6104: 3388:Nationalization of the Church properties 2991: 1855: 1823: 1755:Battle of Tourcoing: Morning 18 May 1794 1750: 1736: 1640: 1481: 1441: 1433: 1352: 6333:Historiography of the French Revolution 5604:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 5315:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 1144:Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg 6362: 5340:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 5295:Other significant figures and factions 3052: 2966:Britain as a Military Power, 1688–1815 2945: 2901: 2817: 2802: 2766: 2754: 2727: 2708: 2664: 2649: 2583: 2552: 2493: 2429: 2370: 2327: 2310: 2275: 2112: 2061: 2001: 1989: 982:The Coalition battle plan drawn up by 6208: 6103: 5387:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 5293: 5143:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 5082:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 5040:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 4643: 3889: 3520:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 3248: 3151: 3125: 3030: 2963: 2923: 2834: 2508: 2405: 2351: 2339: 2228: 2169: 2037: 1820:18 May: Clerfayt, Kinsky, and Charles 1651:17 May: Clerfayt, Kinsky, and Charles 998:'s small column while the columns of 953:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 619: 593: 318: 5541:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 4953:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 4644: 3740:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 3012:Fortescue, Sir John William (2014). 2862: 2742: 2478: 2463: 1965: 6405:History of Nord (French department) 6400:Military history of Hauts-de-France 6209: 5148:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 1334:swept past Ypres and laid siege to 1282: 1154:guarded the far left from Namur to 971:action was fought near the town of 13: 6338:Influence of the French Revolution 6328:Symbolism in the French Revolution 5092:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 5053:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 3308:Convocation of the Estates General 2957: 2909:. US: Pickle Partners Publishing. 1694: 14: 6441: 5980:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 5712:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 5014:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 4796:François Christophe de Kellermann 4035:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 3072: 1254: 1198: 1150:. Another 15,000 Austrians under 994:. On 17 May, the French defeated 5707:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 5614:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 5584:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 5475:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 5253: 5218: 5188: 5163: 5120: 4994: 4871:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 4652: 3424:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 3078: 2952:. Wien und Leipzig, C. W. Stern. 1281: 1267: 1253: 1239: 1225: 1212: 1211: 1197: 1183: 1176: 291: 284: 220: 209: 197: 178: 167: 154: 142: 130: 6380:Battles involving Great Britain 6045:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 5792:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 5717:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 4928:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 4923:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 4903:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 4731:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 3649:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 2865:"Annals of the Wars: 1783–1795" 1937: 1928: 1919: 1673:17 May: Bussche, Otto, and York 1593:with detachments at Lannoy and 1417:Frederick William II of Prussia 1330:'s 21,000-strong division from 1240: 1184: 6430:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 6318:Women in the French Revolution 5920:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 5097:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 4761:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 4390:French invasion of Switzerland 3016:. Pickle Partners Publishing. 1: 6410:1794 in the Habsburg monarchy 6323:Incroyables and merveilleuses 6142:Pierre Claude François Daunou 5930:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 5061:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 5032:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 4329:Naval Engagement off Brittany 4082:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 4056:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 3865:Constitution of the Year VIII 3600:Committee of General Security 3485:National Legislative Assembly 3340:National Constituent Assembly 2929:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book 2811: 1573:and force its way across the 1407:As an added distraction, the 1268: 1226: 1169: 1044: 996:Georg Wilhelm von dem Bussche 574:Italian campaign of 1796-1797 6241:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 6035:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 5925:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 5822:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 5722:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 5412:Charles Malo François Lameth 5087:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 4918:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 4861:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 4061:Second Battle of Wissembourg 3748:Constitution of the Year III 1747:18 May: French counterattack 1541:to Dottignies, then west to 1162:be reduced. On 21 April the 1122:commanded 5,000 soldiers at 1102:to assume leadership of the 1004:Count Franz Joseph of Kinsky 7: 6137:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 5762:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 5697:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 5657:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 5536:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 5521:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 5516:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 5325:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 5178:William V, Prince of Orange 4048:First Battle of Wissembourg 4005:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 3721:Closing of the Jacobin Club 3590:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 3547:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 3407:Abolition of the Parlements 3380:Women's March on Versailles 3053:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). 1136:William V, Prince of Orange 10: 6446: 6272:French Republican calendar 5827:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 5452:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 4806:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 4756:Charles François Dumouriez 4746:Jacques François Dugommier 4560:League of Armed Neutrality 4393:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 4345:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 4168:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 4147:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 3811:Second Congress of Rastatt 3595:Committee of Public Safety 3582:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 1880: 1691:and caused a minor panic. 1506:, Guards Flank Battalion, 1471:until it empties into the 1427: 1420:thwart its rival Prussia. 1060:Committee of Public Safety 1054:For the campaign of 1794, 1000:Count François of Clerfayt 969:War of the First Coalition 348:War of the First Coalition 33:War of the First Coalition 6395:Battles involving Hanover 6385:Battles involving Austria 6287:Cult of the Supreme Being 6215: 6204: 6110: 6099: 6058: 5892: 5885: 5770: 5627: 5549: 5460: 5447:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 5353: 5302:Patriotic Society of 1789 5300: 5289: 5251: 5216: 5186: 5161: 5118: 5105:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 5027:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 4992: 4983: 4961: 4666: 4650: 4639: 4608: 4571: 4544:Convention of Alessandria 4526: 4433: 4380: 4311: 4181: 4155: 4072: 3969: 3896: 3885: 3841: 3830:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 3822: 3795: 3732: 3668: 3563: 3496: 3445: 3399: 3291:What Is the Third Estate? 3282: 3255: 3244: 3159: 2822:. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1875:Johann Amadeus von Thugut 1636: 1603:Louis Fursy Henri Compère 1430:Tourcoing order of battle 1049: 631: 554:Rhine campaign of 1793–94 361: 279: 260: 247: 232: 190: 123: 49: 38: 26: 21: 6390:Battles involving France 5995:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 5960:Joséphine de Beauharnais 5842:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 5812:François-Nicolas Vincent 5797:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 4971:Charles-Alexandre Linois 4866:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 4846:François Séverin Marceau 4826:François Joseph Lefebvre 4721:Jean-Étienne Championnet 4696:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 4691:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 4686:Alexandre de Beauharnais 4676:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 4398:French Invasion of Egypt 4276:Second Battle of Bassano 4010:Battle of Kaiserslautern 3784:Conspiracy of the Equals 3477:The Constitution of 1791 3348:Storming of the Bastille 3114:Battle of Tournay (1794) 2986:Project Gutenberg eBook 1907: 1492:historian John Fortescue 1423: 1369:Jacques Philippe Bonnaud 1328:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 979:in northeastern France. 965:Jacques Philippe Bonnaud 961:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 96:50.7323500°N 3.1548000°E 5975:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 5847:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 5807:Antoine-François Momoro 5802:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 5619:François de Neufchâteau 5569:Charles-François Lebrun 5511:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 5392:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 5268:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 5074:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 5069:Karl Mack von Leiberich 4701:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 4515:Second Battle of Zurich 4406:Irish Rebellion of 1798 4252:First Battle of Bassano 4090:Second Battle of Boulou 3891:Revolutionary campaigns 3849:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 3764:Council of Five Hundred 3552:First republic declared 3488:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 3469:Declaration of Pillnitz 3193:Constitutional monarchy 3098:Second Battle of Boulou 3004:Encyclopædia Britannica 2946:Bodart, Gaston (1908). 2818:Bodart, Gaston (1916). 984:Karl Mack von Leiberich 936:(17–18 May 1794) saw a 271:4,000 killed or wounded 6304: 6263: 6239: 6220: 5732:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 5727:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 5637:Maximilien Robespierre 5470:Jacques Pierre Brissot 5335:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 4766:Louis-Charles de Flers 4751:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 4716:Jean François Carteaux 4491:First Battle of Zurich 4454:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 4409:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 4369:Treaty of Campo Formio 4115:Glorious First of June 4043:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 4002:Expedition to Sardinia 3680:Desmoulins guillotined 3615:Assassination of Marat 3607:Fall of the Girondists 3579:Revolutionary Tribunal 3571:Execution of Louis XVI 3461:Champ de Mars massacre 3364:Abolition of Feudalism 2964:Black, Jeremy (1999). 1861: 1829: 1756: 1743: 1647: 1611:Herman Willem Daendels 1487: 1448: 1439: 1358: 1016:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 569:Rhine campaign of 1796 564:Rhine campaign of 1795 529:Mediterranean campaign 305:Location within Europe 191:Commanders and leaders 6177:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 5442:Jean-Charles Pichegru 5422:Jean-François Rewbell 4908:Jean-Charles Pichegru 4791:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 4781:Jacques Maurice Hatry 4552:Battle of Hohenlinden 4425:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 4260:Battle of Emmendingen 4207:Battle of Castiglione 4094:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 4025:Battle of Hondschoote 3696:Thermidorian Reaction 3660:(throughout the year) 3433:Fête de la Fédération 3359:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 3343:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 3327:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 2931:. London: Greenhill. 2903:Phipps, Ramsay Weston 2863:Cust, Edward (1859). 2835:Brown, Steve (2021). 1898:Battle of Erquelinnes 1859: 1827: 1780:Grand Duke of Tuscany 1754: 1740: 1644: 1591:Sainghin-en-Mélantois 1485: 1445: 1437: 1428:Further information: 1413:Catherine I of Russia 1356: 1152:Johann Peter Beaulieu 957:Jean-Charles Pichegru 756:Battle of Vaux (1794) 261:Casualties and losses 101:50.7323500; 3.1548000 6105:Influential thinkers 5852:Jean-François Varlet 5752:Jean-Lambert Tallien 5747:Jean Bon Saint-André 5574:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 5496:Marquis de Condorcet 5345:Nicolas de Condorcet 5110:Dagobert von Wurmser 4943:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 4886:Pierre-Jacques Osten 4801:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 4736:Louis-Nicolas Davout 4726:Chapuis de Tourville 4268:Battle of Schliengen 4215:Battle of Theiningen 4136:Battle of Aldenhoven 4020:Battle of Wattignies 3989:Battle of Neerwinden 3803:Coup of 18 Fructidor 3316:Death of the Dauphin 3107:Battle of Tourcoing 3087:at Wikimedia Commons 1619:Henri-Antoine Jardon 1615:Jan Willem de Winter 1534:Ramsay Weston Phipps 1364:Johann von Wallmoden 1297:class=notpageimage| 1128:Saint-Amand-les-Eaux 1108:Army of the Ardennes 1064:Austrian Netherlands 302:class=notpageimage| 6192:Mary Wollstonecraft 5970:Jean Sylvain Bailly 5757:Pierre Louis Prieur 5702:Jean-Henri Voulland 5677:Jacques-Louis David 5609:Jean Joseph Mounier 5310:Jean Sylvain Bailly 4948:Belgrand de Vaubois 4836:Jean-Antoine Marbot 4776:Emmanuel de Grouchy 4581:Treaty of Lunéville 4220:Battle of Neresheim 4165:Siege of Luxembourg 4144:Siege of Luxembourg 4099:Battle of Tourcoing 4030:Siege of Bellegarde 3857:Coup of 18 Brumaire 3769:Council of Ancients 3544:National Convention 3536:September Massacres 3512:Brunswick Manifesto 3504:France declares war 3271:Assembly of Vizille 3085:Battle of Tourcoing 3032:Smith, Digby George 2555:, pp. 298–299. 2420:, pp. 112–113. 2278:, pp. 296–297. 2246:, pp. 111–112. 2199:, pp. 110–111. 2127:, pp. 106–108. 2052:, pp. 100–102. 1623:Jean-Baptiste Salme 1528:16th Light Dragoons 1518:, Flank Battalion, 1409:Kościuszko Uprising 1401:Battle of Grandreng 1344:Kortrijk (Courtrai) 1311:René-Bernard Chapuy 1164:Siege of Landrecies 1130:. Headquartered at 992:Kortrijk (Courtrai) 942:General of Division 934:Battle of Tourcoing 765:Villers-en-Cauchies 549:East Indies Theatre 539:War of the Pyrenees 92: / 22:Battle of Tourcoing 6030:Loménie de Brienne 6005:Madame de Lamballe 5940:Napoléon Bonaparte 5737:Prieur de la Marne 5652:Camille Desmoulins 5506:Marie Jean Hérault 5382:Jean-Sifrein Maury 5377:Arnaud de La Porte 5233:Alexander Korsakov 5019:Count of Clerfayt 4938:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 4851:Auguste de Marmont 4706:Napoléon Bonaparte 4597:Algeciras campaign 4589:Treaty of Florence 4467:Battle of Stockach 4300:Ireland expedition 4284:Battle of Calliano 4244:Battle of Rovereto 4236:Battle of Würzburg 3688:Law of 22 Prairial 3657:Anti-clerical laws 3632:The Death of Marat 3453:Flight to Varennes 2881:Fortescue, John W. 2867:. pp. 198–201 1862: 1846:8th Light Dragoons 1830: 1757: 1744: 1648: 1631:Dominique Vandamme 1488: 1449: 1440: 1382:Dominique Vandamme 1377:Battle of Courtrai 1359: 1348:Battle of Mouscron 1307:Battle of Beaumont 1039:Battle of Tourcoin 949:Emperor Francis II 748:Marchiennes (1793) 216:Emperor Francis II 6370:Conflicts in 1794 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6229:Cockade of France 6200: 6199: 6162:Antoine Lavoisier 6152:Benjamin Franklin 6132:Anacharsis Cloots 6095: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6015:Louis de Breteuil 5857:Theophile Leclerc 5285: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5238:Alexander Suvorov 4979: 4978: 4913:Józef Poniatowski 4831:Étienne Macdonald 4635: 4634: 4536:Battle of Marengo 4499:Battle of Trebbia 4483:Battle of Cassano 4475:Battle of Magnano 4459:Battle of Ostrach 4361:Battle of Neuwied 4123:Battle of Fleurus 4107:Battle of Tournay 3984:War in the Vendée 3920:Royalist Revolts 3881: 3880: 3438: 3414:Abolition of the 3332:Tennis Court Oath 3324:National Assembly 3153:French Revolution 3120: 3119: 3110:Succeeded by 3083:Media related to 3064:978-1-85109-672-5 3045:978-1-85367-541-6 3023:978-1-78289-130-7 2998:"Tourcoing" 2982:Belloc, Hilaire. 2916:978-1-908692-24-5 2894:978-1-78282-500-5 2016:, pp. 84–85. 1902:Battle of Tournai 1607:Étienne Macdonald 1467:flows north from 1397:Avesnes-sur-Helpe 1375:to Lille. In the 1104:Army of the North 940:army directed by 938:Republican French 929: 928: 623:Flanders campaign 587: 586: 579:Anglo-Spanish War 559:Atlantic campaign 544:Italian campaigns 534:War in the Vendée 519:Flanders campaign 313: 312: 239:Army of the North 149:Habsburg monarchy 137:Republican France 119: 118: 29:Flanders campaign 6437: 6309: 6297:Temple of Reason 6268: 6244: 6225: 6206: 6205: 6157:Thomas Jefferson 6101: 6100: 6020:de Chateaubriand 5950:Joseph Bonaparte 5945:Lucien Bonaparte 5935:Marie Antoinette 5890: 5889: 5877:Sylvain Maréchal 5832:François Hanriot 5667:Louis Philippe I 5594:Louis Philippe I 5589:Philippe Égalité 5531:Olympe de Gouges 5501:Charlotte Corday 5491:Étienne Clavière 5291: 5290: 5273:Antonio Ricardos 5258: 5257: 5243:Andrei Rosenberg 5223: 5222: 5193: 5192: 5168: 5167: 5138:Ralph Abercromby 5125: 5124: 5100: 5077: 5064: 5056: 5048: 5035: 5022: 4999: 4998: 4990: 4989: 4894: 4841:Marcellin Marbot 4664: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4645:Military leaders 4641: 4640: 4628: 4620: 4616:Treaty of Amiens 4601: 4593: 4585: 4564: 4556: 4548: 4540: 4519: 4518:(25–26 Sep 1799) 4511: 4503: 4502:(17–20 Jun 1799) 4495: 4487: 4486:(27–28 Apr 1799) 4479: 4471: 4463: 4462:(20–21 Mar 1799) 4455: 4447: 4443:Second Coalition 4426: 4418: 4410: 4402: 4394: 4373: 4365: 4357: 4353:Treaty of Leoben 4349: 4341: 4340:(14–15 Jan 1797) 4337:Battle of Rivoli 4333: 4325: 4321:Italian campaign 4304: 4296: 4295:(15–17 Nov 1796) 4292:Battle of Arcole 4288: 4280: 4272: 4264: 4256: 4248: 4240: 4232: 4228:Battle of Amberg 4224: 4211: 4203: 4199:Battle of Lonato 4195: 4191:Italian campaign 4169: 4148: 4140: 4127: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4095: 4086: 4065: 4064:(26–27 Dec 1793) 4052: 4044: 4006: 3998: 3994:Battle of Famars 3962: 3887: 3886: 3869: 3861: 3853: 3834: 3815: 3807: 3788: 3780: 3760: 3752: 3744: 3725: 3717: 3709: 3700: 3692: 3684: 3661: 3653: 3645: 3637: 3627: 3619: 3611: 3591: 3583: 3575: 3556: 3548: 3540: 3532: 3524: 3516: 3508: 3489: 3481: 3473: 3465: 3457: 3456:(20–21 Jun 1791) 3436: 3428: 3420: 3411: 3392: 3384: 3376: 3368: 3360: 3352: 3344: 3336: 3328: 3320: 3312: 3304: 3296: 3275: 3267: 3263:Day of the Tiles 3246: 3245: 3146: 3139: 3132: 3123: 3122: 3094:Preceded by 3091: 3090: 3082: 3068: 3049: 3027: 3008: 3000: 2979: 2953: 2942: 2920: 2898: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2731: 2725: 2712: 2706: 2697: 2691: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2653: 2647: 2638: 2632: 2621: 2615: 2602: 2596: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2556: 2550: 2541: 2535: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2497: 2491: 2482: 2476: 2467: 2461: 2452: 2446: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2374: 2368: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2279: 2273: 2264: 2258: 2247: 2241: 2232: 2226: 2215: 2209: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2173: 2167: 2158: 2152: 2143: 2137: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1805:William Congreve 1732:Henry Edward Fox 1684:Ralph Abercromby 1627:Nicolas Pierquin 1453:Vernichtungsplan 1285: 1284: 1271: 1270: 1257: 1256: 1243: 1242: 1229: 1228: 1215: 1214: 1201: 1200: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1120:Ludwig von Wurmb 1008:Archduke Charles 874: 862: 854:2nd Valenciennes 850: 838: 691:1st Valenciennes 626: 624: 614: 607: 600: 591: 590: 356: 349: 339: 332: 325: 316: 315: 295: 294: 288: 266:3,000 casualties 227:Prince of Coburg 225: 224: 214: 213: 202: 201: 183: 182: 172: 171: 164: 160: 158: 157: 147: 146: 135: 134: 107: 106: 104: 103: 102: 97: 93: 90: 89: 88: 85: 51: 50: 43: 19: 18: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6347: 6222:La Marseillaise 6211: 6210:Cultural impact 6196: 6106: 6087: 6054: 6010:Madame du Barry 6000:Catherine Théot 5990:Thérésa Tallien 5881: 5872:Gracchus Babeuf 5817:François Chabot 5774: 5766: 5687:Georges Couthon 5682:Marquis de Sade 5647:Jean-Paul Marat 5623: 5579:Bertrand Barère 5545: 5456: 5437:Boissy d'Anglas 5432:Madame de Staël 5397:Antoine Barnave 5365: 5358: 5349: 5296: 5277: 5252: 5247: 5217: 5212: 5187: 5182: 5162: 5157: 5119: 5114: 5098: 5075: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5033: 5020: 5009:József Alvinczi 4993: 4975: 4957: 4898:Nicolas Oudinot 4888: 4821:Claude Lecourbe 4816:Charles Leclerc 4711:Guillaume Brune 4681:Pierre Augereau 4651: 4646: 4631: 4626: 4624:Treaty of Paris 4618: 4604: 4599: 4591: 4583: 4567: 4562: 4554: 4546: 4538: 4522: 4517: 4509: 4501: 4493: 4485: 4477: 4469: 4461: 4453: 4445: 4429: 4424: 4416: 4408: 4400: 4392: 4376: 4371: 4363: 4355: 4347: 4339: 4331: 4323: 4307: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4270: 4262: 4254: 4246: 4238: 4230: 4222: 4209: 4201: 4193: 4177: 4167: 4151: 4146: 4138: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4101: 4093: 4084: 4068: 4063: 4050: 4042: 4040:Siege of Toulon 4004: 3996: 3979:First Coalition 3965: 3956: 3892: 3877: 3867: 3859: 3851: 3837: 3832: 3818: 3813: 3805: 3791: 3786: 3778: 3758: 3750: 3742: 3728: 3723: 3715: 3707: 3698: 3690: 3682: 3664: 3659: 3651: 3643: 3641:Law of Suspects 3635: 3625: 3617: 3609: 3589: 3587:Reign of Terror 3581: 3573: 3559: 3554: 3546: 3538: 3530: 3522: 3514: 3506: 3492: 3487: 3479: 3471: 3463: 3455: 3441: 3426: 3418: 3409: 3395: 3390: 3382: 3374: 3367:(4–11 Aug 1789) 3366: 3358: 3350: 3342: 3334: 3326: 3318: 3310: 3302: 3300:Réveillon riots 3294: 3278: 3273: 3265: 3251: 3240: 3155: 3150: 3111: 3106: 3095: 3075: 3065: 3046: 3024: 2976: 2960: 2958:Further reading 2939: 2917: 2895: 2870: 2868: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2825: 2823: 2814: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2734: 2726: 2715: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2656: 2648: 2641: 2633: 2624: 2616: 2605: 2597: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2559: 2551: 2544: 2536: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2507: 2500: 2492: 2485: 2477: 2470: 2462: 2455: 2447: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2392: 2377: 2369: 2358: 2350: 2346: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2297: 2282: 2274: 2267: 2259: 2250: 2242: 2235: 2227: 2218: 2210: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2176: 2168: 2161: 2153: 2146: 2138: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1976: 1972: 1964: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1910: 1883: 1822: 1749: 1697: 1695:17 May: Evening 1675: 1653: 1639: 1504:3rd Foot Guards 1432: 1426: 1315:William Erskine 1303: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1230: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1188: 1172: 1088:Luxembourg City 1052: 1047: 930: 925: 868: 856: 844: 832: 627: 622: 620: 618: 588: 583: 515: 357: 347: 345: 343: 309: 308: 307: 306: 304: 298: 297: 296: 274: 272: 267: 219: 218: 208: 196: 185:Hesse-Darmstadt 177: 176: 166: 165: 155: 153: 151: 141: 129: 100: 98: 94: 91: 86: 83: 81: 79: 78: 77: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6443: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6415:1794 in France 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6292:Cult of Reason 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6236: 6234:Flag of France 6231: 6226: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6040:Jacques Necker 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5862:Claire Lacombe 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5787:Jacques Hébert 5783: 5781: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5642:Georges Danton 5639: 5633: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5486:Henri Grégoire 5482: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5427:Camille Jordan 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5287: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5199: 5197: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5131: 5129: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5071: 5066: 5058: 5050: 5042: 5037: 5029: 5024: 5016: 5011: 5005: 5003: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4672: 4670: 4661: 4648: 4647: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4621: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4594: 4586: 4577: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4557: 4549: 4541: 4532: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4512: 4507:Battle of Novi 4504: 4496: 4494:(4–7 Jun 1799) 4488: 4480: 4472: 4464: 4456: 4448: 4439: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4419: 4411: 4403: 4395: 4386: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4366: 4358: 4350: 4342: 4334: 4326: 4317: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4297: 4289: 4287:(6–7 Nov 1796) 4281: 4273: 4265: 4257: 4249: 4241: 4233: 4225: 4217: 4212: 4204: 4202:(3–4 Aug 1796) 4196: 4187: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4173:Peace of Basel 4170: 4161: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4141: 4133: 4128: 4120: 4112: 4104: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4058: 4053: 4045: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4015:Siege of Mainz 4012: 4007: 3999: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3951: 3946: 3944:Siege of Mainz 3941: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3931: 3926: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3862: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3808: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3781: 3776:13 Vendémiaire 3773: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3753: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3718: 3710: 3701: 3693: 3685: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3654: 3646: 3638: 3628: 3623:Levée en masse 3620: 3612: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3584: 3576: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3557: 3549: 3541: 3533: 3528:10th of August 3525: 3517: 3509: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3490: 3482: 3474: 3466: 3458: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3429: 3421: 3412: 3410:(Feb–Jul 1790) 3403: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3385: 3377: 3369: 3361: 3353: 3345: 3337: 3329: 3321: 3313: 3305: 3297: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3268: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3126: 3118: 3117: 3108: 3101: 3089: 3088: 3074: 3073:External links 3071: 3070: 3069: 3063: 3050: 3044: 3028: 3022: 3009: 2995:, ed. (1911). 2993:Chisholm, Hugh 2989: 2980: 2974: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2943: 2937: 2921: 2915: 2899: 2893: 2877: 2860: 2847: 2832: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2807: 2805:, p. 309. 2795: 2793:, p. 132. 2791:Fortescue 2016 2783: 2781:, p. 130. 2779:Fortescue 2016 2771: 2769:, p. 289. 2759: 2757:, p. 302. 2747: 2745:, p. 201. 2732: 2730:, p. 301. 2713: 2711:, p. 304. 2698: 2696:, p. 126. 2694:Fortescue 2016 2681: 2679:, p. 125. 2677:Fortescue 2016 2669: 2667:, p. 306. 2654: 2652:, p. 305. 2639: 2637:, p. 124. 2635:Fortescue 2016 2622: 2620:, p. 122. 2618:Fortescue 2016 2603: 2601:, p. 119. 2599:Fortescue 2016 2588: 2586:, p. 303. 2576: 2574:, p. 118. 2572:Fortescue 2016 2557: 2542: 2540:, p. 116. 2538:Fortescue 2016 2525: 2523:, p. 114. 2521:Fortescue 2016 2513: 2498: 2496:, p. 298. 2483: 2481:, p. 199. 2468: 2466:, p. 200. 2453: 2451:, p. 115. 2449:Fortescue 2016 2434: 2432:, p. 297. 2422: 2418:Fortescue 2016 2410: 2408:, p. 150. 2398: 2396:, p. 127. 2394:Fortescue 2016 2375: 2373:, p. 300. 2356: 2354:, p. 132. 2344: 2342:, p. 131. 2332: 2330:, p. 299. 2315: 2313:, p. 296. 2303: 2301:, p. 113. 2299:Fortescue 2016 2280: 2265: 2263:, p. 112. 2261:Fortescue 2016 2248: 2244:Fortescue 2016 2233: 2216: 2214:, p. 111. 2212:Fortescue 2016 2201: 2197:Fortescue 2016 2189: 2187:, p. 110. 2185:Fortescue 2016 2174: 2172:, p. 136. 2159: 2157:, p. 109. 2155:Fortescue 2016 2144: 2142:, p. 108. 2140:Fortescue 2016 2129: 2125:Fortescue 2016 2117: 2115:, p. 294. 2102: 2100:, p. 106. 2098:Fortescue 2016 2090: 2088:, p. 105. 2086:Fortescue 2016 2078: 2076:, p. 104. 2074:Fortescue 2016 2066: 2064:, p. 293. 2054: 2050:Fortescue 2016 2042: 2030: 2026:Fortescue 2016 2018: 2014:Fortescue 2016 2006: 2004:, p. 284. 1994: 1992:, p. 275. 1982: 1978:Fortescue 2016 1970: 1968:, p. 198. 1954: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1906: 1882: 1879: 1828:Count Clerfayt 1821: 1818: 1748: 1745: 1696: 1693: 1674: 1671: 1658:pontoon bridge 1652: 1649: 1638: 1635: 1595:Pont-à-Tressin 1425: 1422: 1295: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1273: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1217: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 927: 926: 924: 923: 918: 913: 910: 905: 900: 895: 893:2nd Aldenhoven 890: 888:2nd Maastricht 885: 880: 875: 863: 851: 842:2nd Le Quesnoy 839: 830:2nd Landrecies 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 760:1st Landrecies 757: 754: 749: 746: 745:Cysoing (1793) 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 721:Avesnes-le-Sec 718: 713: 711:1st Le Quesnoy 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 666:1st Aldenhoven 663: 658: 656:1st Maastricht 653: 648: 643: 638: 632: 629: 628: 617: 616: 609: 602: 594: 585: 584: 582: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 514: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 362: 359: 358: 342: 341: 334: 327: 319: 311: 310: 300: 299: 290: 289: 283: 282: 281: 280: 277: 276: 273:1,500 captured 269: 263: 262: 258: 257: 254: 250: 249: 245: 244: 243:Coalition Army 241: 235: 234: 233:Units involved 230: 229: 206: 193: 192: 188: 187: 139: 126: 125: 121: 120: 117: 116: 115:French victory 113: 109: 108: 65: 63: 59: 58: 57:17–18 May 1794 55: 47: 46: 36: 35: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6442: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6358: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6306:Sans-culottes 6302: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6277:Metric system 6275: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6207: 6203: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6102: 6098: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6076:Panthéon Club 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5965:Joachim Murat 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5742:Gilbert Romme 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5564:de Cambacérès 5562: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5481: 5480:Madame Roland 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5417:André Chénier 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5372:Grace Elliott 5370: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5288: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5059: 5057: 5051: 5049: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4933:Joseph Souham 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4876:Joachim Murat 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4856:André Masséna 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4655: 4649: 4642: 4638: 4627:(25 Jun 1802) 4625: 4622: 4619:(25 Mar 1802) 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4598: 4595: 4592:(18 Mar 1801) 4590: 4587: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4561: 4558: 4553: 4550: 4547:(15 Jun 1800) 4545: 4542: 4539:(14 Jun 1800) 4537: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4513: 4510:(15 Aug 1799) 4508: 4505: 4500: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4484: 4481: 4476: 4473: 4470:(25 Mar 1799) 4468: 4465: 4460: 4457: 4452: 4451:Siege of Acre 4449: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4423: 4422:Peasants' War 4420: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4404: 4399: 4396: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4372:(17 Oct 1797) 4370: 4367: 4364:(18 Apr 1797) 4362: 4359: 4356:(17 Apr 1797) 4354: 4351: 4348:(25 Jan 1797) 4346: 4343: 4338: 4335: 4332:(13 Jan 1797) 4330: 4327: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4301: 4298: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4274: 4271:(26 Oct 1796) 4269: 4266: 4263:(19 Oct 1796) 4261: 4258: 4253: 4250: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4234: 4231:(24 Aug 1796) 4229: 4226: 4223:(11 Aug 1796) 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4208: 4205: 4200: 4197: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4145: 4142: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4126:(26 Jun 1794) 4124: 4121: 4116: 4113: 4110:(22 May 1794) 4108: 4105: 4102:(18 May 1794) 4100: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4085:(24 Apr 1794) 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4051:(13 Oct 1793) 4049: 4046: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4003: 4000: 3997:(23 May 1793) 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3960: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3871: 3868:(24 Dec 1799) 3866: 3863: 3858: 3855: 3852:(18 Jun 1799) 3850: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3833:(11 May 1798) 3831: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3812: 3809: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3754: 3751:(22 Aug 1795) 3749: 3746: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3724:(11 Nov 1794) 3722: 3719: 3714: 3711: 3708:(28 Jul 1794) 3705: 3702: 3699:(27 Jul 1794) 3697: 3694: 3691:(10 Jun 1794) 3689: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3655: 3652:(16 Oct 1793) 3650: 3647: 3644:(17 Sep 1793) 3642: 3639: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3626:(23 Aug 1793) 3624: 3621: 3618:(13 Jul 1793) 3616: 3613: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3574:(21 Jan 1793) 3572: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3555:(22 Sep 1792) 3553: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3537: 3534: 3531:(10 Aug 1792) 3529: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3515:(25 Jul 1792) 3513: 3510: 3507:(20 Apr 1792) 3505: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3486: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3472:(27 Aug 1791) 3470: 3467: 3464:(17 Jul 1791) 3462: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3437:(14 Jul 1790) 3435: 3434: 3430: 3427:(12 Jul 1790) 3425: 3422: 3419:(23 Jun 1790) 3417: 3413: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3378: 3375:(26 Aug 1789) 3373: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3354: 3351:(14 Jul 1789) 3349: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3335:(20 Jun 1789) 3333: 3330: 3325: 3322: 3319:(4 June 1789) 3317: 3314: 3309: 3306: 3303:(28 Apr 1789) 3301: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3274:(21 Jul 1788) 3272: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3179:Ancien Régime 3176: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3116: 3115: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3066: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3038:. Greenhill. 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2975:1-85728-772-X 2971: 2968:. Routledge. 2967: 2962: 2961: 2951: 2950: 2944: 2940: 2938:1-85367-276-9 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2866: 2861: 2850: 2848:9781526742704 2844: 2840: 2839: 2833: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2804: 2799: 2792: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2768: 2763: 2756: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2673: 2666: 2661: 2659: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2585: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2522: 2517: 2511:, p. 80. 2510: 2505: 2503: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2431: 2426: 2419: 2414: 2407: 2402: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2353: 2348: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2231:, p. 79. 2230: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2198: 2193: 2186: 2181: 2179: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2099: 2094: 2087: 2082: 2075: 2070: 2063: 2058: 2051: 2046: 2040:, p. 76. 2039: 2034: 2028:, p. 87. 2027: 2022: 2015: 2010: 2003: 1998: 1991: 1986: 1980:, p. 86. 1979: 1974: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1886:Gaston Bodart 1878: 1876: 1870: 1868: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1826: 1817: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1800: 1797: 1796:Robert Wilson 1793: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1753: 1739: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1692: 1690: 1685: 1679: 1670: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490:According to 1486:Joseph Souham 1484: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1444: 1436: 1431: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1357:Prince Coburg 1355: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336:Menen (Menin) 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1179: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056:Lazare Carnot 1042: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 988:Menen (Menin) 985: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 951:and Austrian 950: 946: 945:Joseph Souham 943: 939: 935: 922: 919: 917: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 872: 867: 864: 860: 855: 852: 848: 843: 840: 836: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 755: 753: 750: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 696:Caesar's Camp 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 633: 630: 625: 615: 610: 608: 603: 601: 596: 595: 592: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 363: 360: 354: 350: 340: 335: 333: 328: 326: 321: 320: 317: 303: 287: 278: 270: 265: 264: 259: 255: 253:70,000-82,000 252: 251: 246: 242: 240: 237: 236: 231: 228: 223: 217: 212: 207: 205: 204:Joseph Souham 200: 195: 194: 189: 186: 181: 175: 170: 163: 162:Great Britain 150: 145: 140: 138: 133: 128: 127: 122: 114: 111: 110: 105: 84:50°43′56.46″N 76: 72: 68: 64: 61: 60: 56: 53: 52: 48: 42: 37: 34: 30: 25: 20: 6357: 6313:Phrygian cap 6258:Bastille Day 6172:Thomas Paine 6127:Edmund Burke 6122:Beaumarchais 6116:Les Lumières 6114: 5955:Joseph Fesch 5867:Pauline Léon 5837:Jacques Roux 5776: 5360: 4786:Lazare Hoche 4771:Paul Grenier 4741:Louis Desaix 4600:(8 Jul 1801) 4584:(9 Feb 1801) 4555:(3 Dec 1800) 4478:(5 Apr 1799) 4279:(6 Nov 1796) 4255:(8 Sep 1796) 4247:(4 Sep 1796) 4239:(3 Sep 1796) 4210:(5 Aug 1796) 4139:(2 Oct 1794) 4118:(1 Jun 1794) 4098: 3860:(9 Nov 1799) 3806:(4 Sep 1797) 3743:(1 Apr 1795) 3713:White Terror 3706:guillotined 3683:(5 Apr 1794) 3630: 3610:(2 Jun 1793) 3480:(3 Sep 1791) 3431: 3391:(2 Nov 1789) 3383:(5 Oct 1789) 3311:(5 May 1789) 3289: 3266:(7 Jun 1788) 3233: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3163: 3112: 3103: 3096: 3057:. ABC-CLIO. 3054: 3035: 3013: 3002: 2983: 2965: 2948: 2928: 2925:Smith, Digby 2906: 2884: 2869:. Retrieved 2852:. Retrieved 2837: 2824:. Retrieved 2798: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2750: 2672: 2579: 2516: 2425: 2413: 2401: 2347: 2335: 2306: 2192: 2120: 2093: 2081: 2069: 2057: 2045: 2033: 2021: 2009: 1997: 1985: 1973: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1894: 1884: 1871: 1863: 1831: 1814:aide-de-camp 1810: 1801: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1777: 1758: 1724: 1711: 1702:Jean Reynier 1698: 1680: 1676: 1662: 1654: 1587: 1575:Marque River 1532: 1489: 1469:Pont-à-Marcq 1465:Marque River 1452: 1450: 1438:Duke of York 1406: 1390: 1360: 1304: 1132:Valenciennes 1112: 1053: 1038: 1036: 981: 933: 931: 912:Geldermalsen 794: 785:2nd Courtrai 731:1st Courtrai 471:Newfoundland 436:Altenkirchen 124:Belligerents 27:Part of the 6182:Abbé Sieyès 6167:Montesquieu 6083:Social Club 6025:Jean Chouan 5915:Louis XVIII 5692:Roger Ducos 5662:Paul Barras 5629:Montagnards 5559:Abbé Sieyès 5362:monarchiens 5170:Netherlands 5099:(Hungarian) 5047:(Hungarian) 4963:French Navy 4889: [ 4811:Jean Lannes 4668:French Army 4446:(1798–1802) 4417:(1798–1800) 4401:(1798–1801) 4131:Chouannerie 4092:(Pyrenees) 3957: [ 3924:Chouannerie 3716:(Fall 1794) 3704:Robespierre 2887:. Leonaur. 2803:Phipps 2011 2767:Bodart 1908 2755:Phipps 2011 2728:Phipps 2011 2709:Phipps 2011 2665:Phipps 2011 2650:Phipps 2011 2584:Phipps 2011 2553:Phipps 2011 2494:Phipps 2011 2430:Phipps 2011 2371:Phipps 2011 2328:Phipps 2011 2311:Phipps 2011 2276:Phipps 2011 2113:Phipps 2011 2062:Phipps 2011 2002:Phipps 2011 1990:Phipps 2011 1890:Digby Smith 1860:Jean Moreau 1463:River. The 1342:and seized 1326:and Ypres. 1289:Saint-Amand 975:, north of 869: [ 857: [ 845: [ 833: [ 805:Erquelinnes 716:Hondschoote 641:1st Limburg 524:Chouannerie 99: / 87:3°9′17.28″E 6364:Categories 6071:Cordeliers 5985:Talleyrand 5910:Louis XVII 5772:Hébertists 5526:Jean Debry 5356:Feuillants 4985:Opposition 4881:Michel Ney 4303:(Dec 1796) 3911:Thionville 3814:(Dec 1797) 3787:(May 1796) 3779:5 Oct 1795 3756:Directoire 3636:(painting) 3539:(Sep 1792) 3523:(Jun 1792) 3356:Great Fear 3295:(Jan 1789) 3186:Revolution 2812:References 2509:Smith 1998 2406:Brown 2021 2352:Brown 2021 2340:Brown 2021 2229:Smith 1998 2170:Brown 2021 2038:Smith 1998 1838:Bousbecque 1170:Operations 1160:Landrecies 1148:Bettignies 1045:Background 1028:Hanoverian 921:Den Helder 908:Luxembourg 741:Wattignies 671:Neerwinden 646:Anderlecht 426:Den Helder 421:Guadeloupe 416:Martinique 386:Thionville 366:Porrentruy 6420:Tourcoing 5905:Louis XVI 5900:Charles X 5551:The Plain 5462:Girondins 5402:Lafayette 5063:(Walloon) 5045:Pál Kray 5021:(Walloon) 4563:(1800–02) 4414:Quasi-War 3873:Consulate 3759:(1795–99) 3214:Consulate 3207:Directory 2984:Tourcoing 2905:(2011) . 2883:(2016) . 2743:Cust 1859 2479:Cust 1859 2464:Cust 1859 1966:Cust 1859 1951:Citations 1913:Footnotes 1867:Roeselare 1834:Linselles 1792:rearguard 1555:Tourcoing 1551:Wattrelos 1516:53rd Foot 1512:37th Foot 1508:14th Foot 1261:Tourcoing 1205:Grandreng 973:Tourcoing 916:Amsterdam 866:2nd Condé 820:Lambusart 810:Gosselies 795:Tourcoing 790:Grandreng 752:Le Cateau 701:Lincelles 676:1st Condé 511:Diersheim 501:Fishguard 461:Neresheim 371:Quiévrain 67:Tourcoing 6265:Panthéon 6253:Muscadin 6248:Marianne 6187:Voltaire 6066:Jacobins 6059:Factions 5599:Mirabeau 5055:(French) 3949:Jemappes 3933:Dauphiné 3416:Nobility 3228:Journals 3221:Glossary 3200:Republic 3172:Timeline 3034:(2003). 2927:(1998). 1842:Bailleul 1773:Lezennes 1720:epilepsy 1579:Bouvines 1571:Marquain 1543:Mouscron 1539:Warcoing 1324:Nieuport 1219:Courtrai 1096:Maubeuge 1092:Bouchain 1076:Brussels 1034:troops. 1020:Austrian 903:Nijmegen 898:Puiflijk 883:Sprimont 775:Mouscron 770:Beaumont 736:Maubeuge 636:Jemappes 491:Biberach 486:2nd Kehl 476:Würzburg 451:1st Kehl 446:Kircheib 431:Siegburg 411:Sardinia 406:Jemappes 376:Marquain 248:Strength 62:Location 6147:Diderot 5893:Figures 5778:Enragés 5484:Father 5195:Prussia 5127:Britain 5076:(Saxon) 5034:(Swiss) 5001:Austria 2826:17 June 1881:Results 1765:Halluin 1728:Coyghem 1715:Captain 1689:Bondues 1666:Lesquin 1599:Aalbeke 1567:Mouvaux 1563:Roubaix 1461:Scheldt 1457:the Lys 1373:Cambrai 1322:toward 1320:Dunkirk 1305:In the 1247:Tournai 1191:Dunkirk 1116:Tournai 1074:, then 1070:, then 1058:of the 1032:Hessian 1024:British 825:Fleurus 800:Tournay 780:Willems 706:Dunkirk 681:Raismes 506:Neuwied 496:Ireland 481:Limburg 441:Wetzlar 275:60 guns 174:Hanover 31:in the 5886:Others 5225:Russia 4659:France 4324:(1797) 4194:(1796) 3929:Vendée 3906:Verdun 3733:1795–6 3676:Danton 3235:Museum 3165:Causes 3061: 3042: 3020: 2972: 2935: 2913: 2891: 2871:8 June 2854:8 June 2845: 1851:Wervik 1637:Battle 1583:Wervik 1565:, and 1559:Lannoy 1553:, and 1526:, and 1502:, and 1477:Spiere 1393:Sambre 1332:Cassel 1124:Denain 1050:Armies 1030:, and 1006:, and 878:Boxtel 686:Famars 466:Amberg 456:Malsch 381:Verdun 268:7 guns 256:74,000 159: 112:Result 75:France 6343:Films 5260:Spain 4893:] 3961:] 3954:Namur 3939:Lille 3916:Valmy 1908:Notes 1769:Flers 1761:Roncq 1706:Douai 1547:Leers 1473:Deûle 1424:Plans 1386:Tielt 1340:Lille 1275:Ypres 1233:Lille 1156:Trier 1140:Bavay 1100:Guise 1084:Liège 1080:Namur 1072:Ghent 1068:Ypres 977:Lille 873:] 861:] 849:] 837:] 815:Ypres 726:Menin 661:Breda 651:Namur 401:Mainz 396:Lille 391:Valmy 5775:and 5359:and 4609:1802 4573:1801 4528:1800 4435:1799 4382:1798 4313:1797 4183:1796 4157:1795 4074:1794 3971:1793 3898:1792 3842:1799 3823:1798 3796:1797 3678:and 3669:1794 3564:1793 3497:1792 3446:1791 3400:1790 3283:1789 3256:1788 3059:ISBN 3040:ISBN 3018:ISBN 2970:ISBN 2933:ISBN 2911:ISBN 2889:ISBN 2873:2021 2856:2021 2843:ISBN 2828:2021 1836:and 1524:15th 1415:and 1094:and 1082:and 1014:and 990:and 963:and 932:The 353:List 71:Nord 54:Date 5135:Sir 1687:at 1577:at 1520:7th 1500:2nd 1496:1st 6366:: 4891:fr 3959:fr 3001:. 2735:^ 2716:^ 2701:^ 2684:^ 2657:^ 2642:^ 2625:^ 2606:^ 2591:^ 2560:^ 2545:^ 2528:^ 2501:^ 2486:^ 2471:^ 2456:^ 2437:^ 2378:^ 2359:^ 2318:^ 2283:^ 2268:^ 2251:^ 2236:^ 2219:^ 2204:^ 2177:^ 2162:^ 2147:^ 2132:^ 2105:^ 1958:^ 1904:. 1625:, 1617:, 1613:, 1609:, 1561:, 1549:, 1522:, 1514:, 1510:, 1498:, 1142:. 1118:. 1026:, 1022:, 1002:, 871:fr 859:fr 847:fr 835:fr 73:, 69:, 3145:e 3138:t 3131:v 3067:. 3048:. 3026:. 2978:. 2941:. 2919:. 2897:. 2875:. 2858:. 2830:. 613:e 606:t 599:v 355:) 351:( 338:e 331:t 324:v

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Knowledge

Battle of Tourcoing

Index