1261:, died in the encounter, he is probably rehearsing a local legend. The battle is not dated precisely by any chronicler, but the names of the counts (all given by Andrew) restrict it to between the years 992 and 1010. A date of 1003 has been deduced by Erdmann from other accounts that a Muslim army moved through the
1308:
each kill 5,000 Muslims, there will be a manageable number left for the soldiers. Bernard recalls that the
Muslims are often slain before they have a chance to retreat. According to Andrew, after the battle the Virgin Mary miraculously brought news of the Christian victory to as far away as
899:
440:
363:
211:
782:
410:
505:
1352:
This—Erdmann's chronology—assumes a summertime campaign, whereas the battle of Albesa may have occurred in
February and been the cause and not the effect of a Muslim invasion, cf.
675:
844:
839:
829:
745:
373:
338:
460:
450:
398:
393:
777:
1048:
1426:
600:
353:
809:
1217:, who probably received his information, which is detailed and generally accurate, during a trip to the Catalonia. He incorporated the account in his
670:
37:
849:
1112:
1107:
480:
1372:
1411:
206:
30:
201:
1441:
1431:
1285:. The result of this second battle is unclear, but it was the end of the brief war, and possibly the campaigning season.
1281:
sources, were defeated and one of their leading men killed. The
Muslims retreated to their own territory, where a second
1358:"La batalla de Albesa (25 de febrero de 1003) y la primera aceifa de ‘Ábd al-Mallk al-Muzaifar (verano del mismo año),"
1001:
1357:
874:
640:
1310:
368:
730:
884:
510:
23:
430:
1177:
834:
134:
124:
854:
951:
762:
455:
179:
475:
1031:
956:
221:
1436:
1225:
495:
445:
705:
665:
1416:
1063:
904:
485:
196:
174:
77:
941:
914:
819:
767:
635:
595:
520:
1313:. Despite the theme of religious warfare, Spanish historians have not picked up on Andrew's account.
1073:
1068:
1026:
971:
946:
936:
909:
565:
525:
169:
97:
1152:
1093:
889:
425:
1245:
1162:
1078:
1053:
1006:
976:
966:
931:
580:
545:
535:
129:
119:
72:
700:
268:
1421:
1058:
655:
625:
585:
490:
323:
293:
283:
251:
216:
154:
144:
1258:
1202:
996:
986:
799:
772:
605:
1140:
1135:
757:
735:
720:
715:
630:
575:
435:
358:
333:
241:
159:
82:
1273:(the castle, or fortified place, of Torà), is given by Andrew. The Muslims, according to both
1229:
1301:
1233:
1157:
879:
869:
570:
550:
149:
1237:
1130:
1043:
864:
660:
465:
420:
415:
298:
164:
107:
92:
792:
650:
620:
610:
8:
1262:
1172:
787:
685:
470:
388:
313:
236:
67:
383:
1167:
991:
919:
824:
680:
590:
343:
308:
231:
226:
1147:
1021:
1011:
981:
814:
740:
695:
690:
645:
555:
515:
500:
378:
328:
303:
263:
139:
102:
1125:
1282:
1266:
1214:
1198:
1088:
1016:
894:
859:
530:
278:
1278:
804:
615:
540:
348:
318:
288:
246:
87:
1340:
1274:
961:
725:
710:
560:
1405:
1387:
1374:
1353:
1289:
191:
15:
1332:
1241:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1194:
1083:
49:
1288:
Importantly, Andrew reports the battle in terms as if describing a
1254:
1206:
1296:". Bernard of Besalú he quotes as reasoning that if the saints
1210:
1250:
1292:. The Muslims, whose numbers he puts at 17,000, are "new
1269:
in the summer of 1003. The exact location of the battle,
1343:(Princeton: Princeton University Press), 99–100.
1257:. When Andrew records that the caliph himself, then
1403:
45:
1244:supposed the leader of the Muslim army to be
1224:The four Christian counts of the battle were
31:
1427:Battles involving the Caliphate of Córdoba
38:
24:
1328:
1326:
1240:. The German historian of the Crusades
1404:
1323:
19:
1339:, trans. by Marshall W. Baldwin and
1213:. The main source for the battle is
1248:, the son of the recently deceased
13:
14:
1453:
1337:The Origin of the Idea of Crusade
1265:and passed into the south of the
1197:, fought between an alliance of
1346:
1193:was a defensive battle of the
1:
1412:Military history of Catalonia
7:
1283:battle was fought at Albesa
1226:Raymond Borell of Barcelona
1102:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
10:
1458:
1442:Battles of the Reconquista
1432:11th century in al-Andalus
1361:Anaquel de estudios árabes
1219:Miracula sancti Benedicti
212:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
207:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
58:
1388:41.8114028°N 1.4038556°W
1316:
1393:41.8114028; -1.4038556
1234:Wifred II of Cerdagne
202:Pallars and Ribagorza
1354:Dolors Bramon Planas
1238:Ermengol I of Urgell
1203:Caliphate of Córdoba
1084:2nd Granada campaign
481:2nd Balearic Islands
456:1st Balearic Islands
1384: /
1263:County of Barcelona
1230:Bernard I of Besalú
1201:and an army of the
763:Las Navas de Tolosa
1437:Medieval Catalonia
957:Shepherds' Crusade
768:3rd Alcácer do Sal
731:2nd Alcácer do Sal
641:1st Alcácer do Sal
135:2nd Roncevaux Pass
73:1st Roncevaux Pass
1417:Conflicts in 1003
1311:Monte Sant'Angelo
1186:
1185:
364:Almodóvar del Río
1449:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1364:
1350:
1344:
1330:
1271:Thoranum castrum
1267:County of Urgell
1215:Andrew of Fleury
53:
40:
33:
26:
17:
16:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1351:
1347:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1187:
1182:
1117:
1069:Los Alporchones
952:Vega de Granada
54:
47:Battles in the
46:
44:
12:
11:
5:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:1003 in Europe
1419:
1414:
1366:
1365:
1345:
1341:Walter Goffart
1321:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1199:Catalan counts
1191:Battle of Torà
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1113:2nd Alpujarras
1110:
1108:1st Alpujarras
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
977:Vega de Pagana
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
928:
927:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
875:Mudéjar revolt
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
796:
795:
785:
783:Aragonese raid
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
754:
753:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
671:Central Iberia
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
431:Norwegian raid
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
406:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
259:
255:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
188:
187:
183:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
116:
115:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
43:
42:
35:
28:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1454:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1376:41°48′41.05″N
1362:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1221:around 1043.
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:9th Gibraltar
1077:
1075:
1074:8th Gibraltar
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:7th Gibraltar
1062:
1060:
1059:La Higueruela
1057:
1055:
1054:6th Gibraltar
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:5th Algeciras
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:5th Gibraltar
1005:
1003:
1002:4th Algeciras
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
972:4th Gibraltar
970:
968:
967:3rd Gibraltar
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
947:2nd Gibraltar
945:
943:
940:
938:
937:3rd Algeciras
935:
933:
932:1st Gibraltar
930:
929:
925:
924:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:2nd Algeciras
908:
906:
905:1st Algeciras
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
794:
791:
790:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
750:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
403:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
324:Piedra Pisada
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:Aqbat al-Bakr
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
257:
256:
253:
252:3rd Barcelona
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
217:Valdejunquera
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:Day of Zamora
190:
189:
185:
184:
181:
180:2nd Barcelona
178:
176:
175:2nd Cellorigo
173:
171:
170:1st Cellorigo
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
155:Monte Laturce
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
120:1st Barcelona
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
52:
51:
41:
36:
34:
29:
27:
22:
21:
18:
1379:1°24′13.88″W
1369:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1333:Carl Erdmann
1287:
1270:
1249:
1246:Abd al-Malik
1242:Carl Erdmann
1223:
1218:
1190:
1188:
1120:North Africa
1038:15th century
926:14th century
830:4th Valencia
752:13th century
706:4th Santarém
666:3rd Santarém
606:2nd Santarém
526:3rd Valencia
496:2nd Zaragoza
476:1st Santarém
411:2nd Valencia
405:12th century
369:1st Valencia
339:1st Zaragoza
273:
258:11th century
242:Torrevicente
186:10th century
83:Orbieu River
78:Burbia River
48:
1391: /
1363:, 6, 21–28.
1306:Virgin Mary
1294:Philistines
1205:in 1003 at
1195:Reconquista
1178:2nd Tangier
1163:1st Tangier
1022:2nd Montiel
942:3rd Almería
860:3rd Seville
788:2nd Majorca
691:2nd Seville
656:2nd Badajoz
636:2nd Almería
626:2nd Tortosa
596:1st Almería
581:1st Montiel
536:1st Badajoz
511:1st Granada
269:Calatañazor
197:1st Majorca
150:Guadalacete
125:1st Tortosa
114:9th century
62:8th century
50:Reconquista
1406:Categories
1044:Collejares
1032:2nd Murcia
997:Guadalmesí
987:Río Salado
885:1st Murcia
845:2nd Xàtiva
840:1st Xàtiva
736:2nd Silves
721:2nd Silves
716:1st Silves
631:2nd Lleida
616:5th Lisbon
576:4th Lisbon
506:1st Lleida
466:Candespina
461:6th Toledo
446:Formentera
436:3rd Lisbon
416:Mollerussa
399:5th Toledo
394:4th Toledo
374:2nd Lisbon
359:3rd Toledo
334:2nd Toledo
222:1st Toledo
165:Polvoraria
108:1st Lisbon
98:Río Quirós
93:Las Babias
1259:Hisham II
1158:4nd Ceuta
1148:3nd Ceuta
1141:2nd Ceuta
1136:1st Ceuta
1049:Antequera
900:Andalusia
880:3rd Jerez
870:2nd Jerez
805:1st Jerez
778:Peníscola
746:Talamanca
701:2nd Évora
686:Calatrava
676:Tarragona
661:Juromenha
651:1st Évora
601:Al-Ludjdj
571:2nd Coria
551:1st Coria
486:Martorell
471:Vatalandi
389:Consuegra
314:Golpejera
299:Barbastro
237:Estercuel
68:Covadonga
1356:(1995),
1335:(1977),
1304:and the
1290:holy war
1255:Almanzor
992:Estepona
920:Iznalloz
855:3rd Jaén
815:Burriana
800:2nd Jaén
773:1st Jaén
758:Al-Dāmūs
696:Abrantes
591:Albacete
566:Trancoso
441:Talavera
421:Balaguer
344:Sagrajas
309:Llantada
232:Simancas
227:Alhandic
160:Morcuera
130:Pancorbo
1302:Michael
1173:Melilla
1153:Tétouan
1012:Linuesa
982:Getares
835:Algarve
825:El Puig
820:Córdoba
793:Portopí
741:Alarcos
646:Palmela
621:Sacavém
611:Sacavém
556:Ourique
516:Corbins
501:Cutanda
491:Coimbra
379:Alcoraz
329:Morella
304:Paterna
294:Coimbra
264:Cervera
145:Albelda
140:Clavijo
1279:Arabic
1236:, and
1211:Lleida
1168:Asilah
1131:Strait
1094:Málaga
1089:Lucena
1017:Guadix
915:Moclín
895:Martos
681:Cuenca
546:Leiria
521:Alcalá
384:Bairén
349:Tudela
279:Albesa
103:Oviedo
1317:Notes
1298:Peter
1275:Latin
1251:hajib
890:Écija
726:Tomar
711:Alvor
586:Soure
561:Oreja
541:Fraga
531:Aceca
451:Ibiza
426:Uclés
354:Tévar
319:Cabra
289:Graus
247:Rueda
88:Lutos
1300:and
1277:and
1207:Torà
1189:The
1126:Salé
962:Teba
865:Faro
850:Biar
810:Ares
274:Torà
1408::
1325:^
1232:,
1228:,
1209:,
39:e
32:t
25:v
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