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543:. The Ottoman Army made two major attempts to retake the pass in 1877, but was unsuccessful, as the Russian and Bulgarian defenders were able to hold the pass against this overwhelming force, playing an important role in the war. The deciding moment of the Shipka campaign, and by extent the war, came in August 1877, when a group of 5,000
743:
Pass realized that they could not withstand the offensive. On the morning of 19th July, while pretending to consider the terms of surrender, the
Ottoman garrison slipped away to the west in small groups, leaving behind a large cache of explosives, ammunition, and artillery. The strong position was finally occupied by the Russians.
994:
Suleiman Pasha was later court-martialed due to the colossal failure at Shipka, even though the pass was already lost when he had arrived. His failure to seek alternatives, wasting of men and material that would have been essential later in the campaign, and his failure to secure his remaining troops
807:
On August 23, the
Ottoman forces attacked all Russian positions, with the main effort again at St. Nicholas where most of the defenders were Bulgarian volunteers. The Ottoman forces thought that the volunteer positions would be easy to capture, but this turned out to be a miscalculation. Instead, the
819:
charge. More
Russian reinforcements arrived the same day and an attack was made against the Ottoman position but driven back to Central Hill. This ended the battle for all practical purposes. Suleiman entrenched himself in the position he then occupied, in a semi-circle round the southern end of the
906:
to cut off the
Ottoman retreat. On January 8, Radezky's attack began but Skobelev was held up by unexpectedly heavy resistance and Mirskii attacked unsupported, making little progress. On January 9, Mirskii faced an Ottoman counter-attack, but Skobelev was able to move forward in support and defeat
823:
In these attacks, the
Russians lost close on 4,000 men, while Süleyman losses approached 10,000 killed or wounded. The Bulgarians and Russians had made a gallant stand. Near the end of the fighting, having run out of ammunition, they threw rocks and bodies of fallen comrades to repulse the Ottoman
742:
Mirsky attacked the same day but Turks repulsed this very first assault. Gurko arrived the next day with two infantry battalions and two companies of
Cossacks and also attacked the pass. This second attack also failed. Despite beating back two Russian attacks, the Ottoman commanders at the Shipka
770:
at Hersek was then ordered to prepare his experienced army and rush to relieve Osman Pasha at Pleven. It was not possible to reach Pleven by land as the terrain was very difficult. Süleyman loaded his 25,000 troops on transport ships at the
Montenegrin port of Bar and sailed them through the
738:
to attack the positions simultaneously. On 17th July, Mirsky and his 2,000 men of the 36th
Orlovsky Infantry Regiment plus Cossacks and artillery was ready to act. However, while advancing from South, Gurko's men skirmished with some Ottoman troops so they approached the pass in delay.
845:. On September 13, Suleiman began to shell the Russians. The bombardment continued in earnest until the 17th when Suleiman launched a frontal assault against the St. Nicholas position. Capturing the first line of trenches, the Ottoman forces moved towards the peak. General
795:
On August 21, the
Ottoman forces bombarded Russian positions and then made an attack against St. Nicholas. The attack was repulsed and the Ottoman forces dug in 100 yards (91 m) away. As the desperate fight raged, a regiment arrived from Selvi (now
864:
763:
General Gurko had been resting about the Shipka Pass with 5,000 men, including five battalions of
Bulgarians. They were placed on three positions at St. Nicholas (today: Peak Stoletov), Central Hill and the reserves in between these two points.
840:
In September 1877, Suleiman Pasha made another attempt to retake the Shipka Pass from the Russians after the failed attempt in August. The Russian defenses had continually been improved since August but reinforcements were limited due to the
506:
759:
forces built up a defensive position there. The Ottoman Tuna Army was effectively cut in half by the Balkan Mountain range. It was thought that if Pleven could be defended, the Russian Army would not move south without taking it.
791:
from which they marched towards the southern slopes of Shipka. Some 15 battalions under Reouf Pasha joined Süleyman until his army reached about 30,000 Ottomans determined to retake the pass instead of simply bypassing it.
931:
which was under siege at that time. The war would have then been fought effectively only in northern Bulgaria from that point on, which would have led to a stalemate, which would have created a major advantage for the
881:
surrendered to the Russian Army, freeing a significant number of Russian troops. General Gourko now had as many as 65,000 soldiers to contend with the Ottomans. Gourko forced the Araba Konak Pass and took
923:
had strategic importance for the progress of the war. Had the Ottomans been able to take the pass, they would have been in a position to threaten the supply lines of the Russian and Romanian forces in
849:, now commanding the defenses, brought in reinforcements and a Russian counterattack drove the Ottoman forces from all captured ground. Secondary Ottoman assaults to the north were repulsed as well.
598:
947:
a major breakthrough and a chance to turn the tide of the war. This strategic defensive victory illustrated their important role in the war and was dramatized by the Bulgarian poet and writer
2126:
1277:
591:
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On the 26th, an Ottoman attack on St. Nicholas (a position referred to as "the Eagle's Nest") reached the Russian trenches but was repulsed again by a Bulgarian
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passes. In just over two weeks, Gurko had captured three important mountain passes but the main army was held up the day after Shipka Pass fell in the
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898:, commanding the garrison, made preparations to attack from the pass on January 5 while Gourko brought up two columns under Generals
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first unit to begin to retreat were the Russians on Central Hill. However, they rallied when the 4th Rifle Brigade, commanded by
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903:
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1906:
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1807:
730:
At the beginning of the war, Shipka Pass was held by an Ottoman garrison of 4,000 soldiers and 12 guns. It was ordered
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was opened, and with it the path to victory in the war and a chance for Russia to gain an upper hand in the "
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36:
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188:
1970:
1489:
886:. From Sofia, he moved south through the Balkan Mountains to cut off Ottoman access to Shipka Pass.
861:
took place January 5–9 1878. It was the final battle for Shipka Pass and a crushing Ottoman defeat.
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2016:
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1935:
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1988:
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2027:
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1813:
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up the mountainside and bombarded the pass while the infantry moved around the Russian flank.
681:
647:
2862:
1753:
1570:
1039:
He was a member of the Southern Detachment of Radetsky's troops and led Russo-Bulgarian units.
547:
and 2,500 Russian troops repulsed an attack against the peak by a 30,000-strong Ottoman army.
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were too blatant to forgive. He was initially sentenced to death but then commuted by Sultan
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1267:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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He approached Stoletov as reinforcements and was wounded the same day (thus out of action).
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1976:
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Francis Vinton Greene,Report on the Russian Army and its Campaigns in Turkey in 1877-1878
1358:
Francis Vinton Greene,Report on the Russian Army and its Campaigns in Turkey in 1877-1878
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2079:
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1945:
1930:
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1824:
1669:
627:
260:
3123:
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1217:
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1995:
1982:
1965:
1800:
1780:
1763:
1747:
1648:
899:
671:
551:
532:
243:
230:
75:
800:) to increase the defenders to 7,500. The next day the Ottoman forces moved their
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3156:
3100:
3048:
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1960:
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1117:
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809:
701:
658:
637:
536:
214:
3332:
3226:
3181:
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2011:
1605:
973:
968:. It allowed Russian forces under Gourko to crush Suleiman Pasha's army at the
944:
933:
691:
576:
563:
485:
473:
308:
293:
278:
255:
238:
209:
196:
183:
169:
145:
116:
1503:
1384:
The Russian Army and Its Campaigns in Turkey in 1877-1878 Yazar: F. V. Greene.
907:
the Ottoman forces. Completely surrounded, the remaining Ottoman forces under
3512:
3298:
2140:
2006:
1343:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 981–982.
1334:
1273:
1268:
1167:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 932–935.
1158:
996:
780:
555:
96:
83:
1072:
Svyatopolk-Mirsky, in conjunction with Skobelev, also acted under Radetsky.
567:
539:. Thus the defense of the pass was left to the Russian vanguard as well as
520:
1152:
940:
920:
827:
735:
544:
540:
528:
489:
481:
201:
156:
120:
71:
1430:
1286:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 466.
988:
948:
776:
477:
1218:"ШИПКИ ОБОРОНА 1877 • Great Russian Encyclopedia – Electronic version"
1186:"ШИПКИ ОБОРОНА 1877 • Great Russian Encyclopedia – Electronic version"
1111:
https://www.pressreader.com/uk/history-of-war/20200416/281681141993811
943:
played a decisive role in defending the Shipka Pass, thus denying the
801:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
797:
755:
took place in August 1877. After taking the pass in July 1877, the
559:
524:
390:
IV stage: 36,000 captured incl. 6,000 sick and wounded; killed n.a.
1328:
558:. It is a part of the main road from North to South, leading from
1296:
Kutlu, Rus Kaynaklara Göre 1877-1878 Osmanlı Rus Harbi, p.158-167
1000:
816:
788:
1299:
991:" by establishing a sphere of influence in the Eastern Balkans.
1600:
1352:
1350:
980:
965:
878:
784:
756:
571:
1459:. 99–138. Council of the Bulgarian-British Association. 1937.
984:
927:, and organize an operation to relieve the major fortress at
883:
772:
1364:
1347:
964:
on December 10 1877, and set the stage for the invasion of
472:
consisted of four battles that were fought between the
375:
IV stage: 5,500 total or 1,122 killed and 4,362 wounded
1360:. D. Appleton and Company. 1879. p. 213 and 356.
531:
led a detachment of 11,000 men to capture the vital
1014:commemorating the warriors who died in the battle.
16:
1877–78 battle of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
812:, arrived and all Ottoman attacks were repulsed.
3510:
606:
1146:
550:The pass itself crosses the main ridge of the
1586:
1374:. D. Appleton and Company. 1879. p. 356.
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1048:He was also under Radetsky's overall command.
592:
519:In July 1877, four Russian corps crossed the
446:
413:
3544:Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1553:Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1540:Compton's Home Library: Battles of the World
3478:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
1109:Mark Simner. Shipka Pass. Pressreader.com.
787:. The troops were then loaded on trains to
1593:
1579:
1123:
599:
585:
1395:"Şıpka Geçidi (1877 Osmanlı – Rus Harbi)"
265:
1272:
1253:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
863:
826:
1504:"Reminiscence from Days of Liberation*"
454:Battle of Shipka Pass (European Russia)
3511:
3487:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
1418:
1212:
1210:
979:With this victory and the conquest of
3473:For 20th-century battles before 1914
1574:
1326:
1235: – See Battle of Shipka-Sheynovo
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1150:
1086:
983:at the end of 1877, the path towards
580:
352:III stage: 20,000 plus reinforcements
1422:Where East is West: life in Bulgaria
3482:For the battles during World War I
1327:Crowe, John Henry Verinder (1911).
1207:
1151:Crowe, John Henry Verinder (1911).
960:The victory at Shipka Pass ensured
527:. Preceding the main Russian army,
496:. The final battle is known as the
13:
1171:
877:In December 1877, the fortress of
14:
3565:
1514:from the original on 16 June 2012
60:September 13–17, 1877 (3rd stage)
1463:from the original on 27 May 2024
1437:from the original on 27 May 2024
1260:
1006:Today the Shipka Pass is in the
972:several days later and threaten
852:
746:
445:
438:
412:
405:
379:Total: 13,500 killed and wounded
307:
292:
277:
254:
237:
224:
208:
195:
182:
162:
150:
138:
35:
1496:
1449:
1412:
1401:from the original on 2022-08-07
1387:
1378:
1290:
1228:from the original on 2023-02-21
1196:from the original on 2023-02-21
1051:
962:the fall of the Pleven fortress
835:
725:
42:The Defence of the Eagle's Nest
1066:
1042:
1033:
1024:
58:August 21–26, 1877 (2nd stage)
1:
1278:Dragomirov, Michael Ivanovich
1079:
919:The defensive victory at the
889:
872:
494:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
334:~2,500 reinforcement 1st day;
62:January 5–9, 1878 (4th stage)
29:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
914:
859:Fourth Battle of Shipka Pass
753:Second Battle of Shipka Pass
336:~4,000 reinforcement 3rd day
56:July 17–19, 1877 (1st stage)
7:
1546:
488:for control over the vital
457:Show map of European Russia
97:42.76666694°N 25.31666694°E
10:
3570:
3549:Battles involving Bulgaria
1457:"Bulgarian British Review"
1419:Gladys, Henrietta (1933).
1245:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1154:"Russo-Turkish Wars"
911:surrendered the same day.
3497:Ottoman victories are in
3495:
3469:
3385:
3024:
3011:
2959:
2805:
2792:
2680:
2283:
2270:
2169:
1918:
1905:
1885:
1626:
1613:
732:Nikolay Svyatopolk-Mirsky
618:
511:
507:Шипко-Шейновское сражение
505:
498:battle of Shipka-Sheynovo
399:
362:
323:
189:Nikolay Svyatopolk-Mirsky
175:
131:
48:
34:
26:
21:
1534:Sword of the Motherland
1017:
954:The Volunteers at Shipka
426:Location within Bulgaria
371:II stage: 4,000 or 3,600
332:II stage: 5,000 initial;
102:42.76666694; 25.31666694
1340:Encyclopædia Britannica
1283:Encyclopædia Britannica
1164:Encyclopædia Britannica
970:Battle of Philippopolis
936:in peace negotiations.
775:, and then through the
74:and surrounding areas,
1484:Cite journal requires
869:
832:
831:Cannons on Shipka pass
338:III stage: 7,500–7,900
176:Commanders and leaders
3519:Battle of Shipka Pass
1559:Epic of the Forgotten
999:and sent to exile in
867:
830:
470:Battle of Shipka Pass
363:Casualties and losses
22:Battle of Shipka Pass
1532:Russian Warrior.com
1425:. Houghton Mifflin.
1120:Accessed 7 June 2023
1008:Bulgarka Nature Park
941:Bulgarian volunteers
768:Süleyman Hüsnü Pasha
554:near the village of
545:Bulgarian volunteers
541:Bulgarian volunteers
480:volunteers known as
429:Show map of Bulgaria
423:class=notpageimage|
44:, Alexey Popov, 1893
1330:"Shipka Pass"
868:The Shipka Monument
779:and landed them at
369:I stage: 150 or 211
303:(2nd to 3rd Stages)
288:(1st to 3rd Stages)
93: /
1116:2023-06-07 at the
870:
833:
820:Russian position.
783:, on the coast of
502:battle of Sheynovo
373:III stage: unknown
354:IV stage: 36,000+
261:Mikhail Dragomirov
235: •
222: •
3506:
3505:
3465:
3464:
3016:(1789–1908)
3007:
3006:
2797:(1700–1789)
2788:
2787:
2275:(1550–1700)
2266:
2265:
1910:(1453–1550)
1901:
1900:
1618:(1299–1453)
925:Northern Bulgaria
771:Adriatic, around
722:
721:
609:Russo-Turkish War
466:
465:
340:IV stage: 66,000
319:
304:
289:
273:
249:
218:
205:
192:
127:
126:
3561:
3554:Balkan mountains
3539:1878 in Bulgaria
3534:1877 in Bulgaria
3400:2nd Kerch Strait
3022:
3021:
3017:
2989:1st Kerch Strait
2803:
2802:
2798:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2246:Strait of Hormuz
2108:Peñón of Algiers
1916:
1915:
1911:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1510:. 3 March 2011.
1500:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1324:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1156:
1148:
1121:
1107:
1073:
1070:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1028:
900:Mikhail Skobelev
613:
601:
594:
587:
578:
577:
552:Balkan Mountains
515:
509:
458:
449:
448:
442:
430:
416:
415:
409:
388:III stage: 3,000
386:II stage: 10,000
384:I stage: unknown
350:II stage: 30,000
317:
312:
311:
302:
297:
296:
287:
282:
281:
271:
267:
259:
258:
247:
244:Mikhail Skobelev
242:
241:
231:Nikolay Stoletov
229:
228:
217:
213:
212:
204:
200:
199:
191:
187:
186:
168:
166:
165:
157:Bulgarian Legion
155:
154:
144:
142:
141:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
76:Ottoman Bulgaria
50:
49:
39:
19:
18:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3529:Battles in 1878
3524:Battles in 1877
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3491:
3461:
3422:6th Dardanelles
3416:5th Dardanelles
3381:
3015:
3014:
3003:
2955:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2740:4th Dardanelles
2734:3rd Dardanelles
2729:2nd Dardanelles
2723:1st Dardanelles
2676:
2488:2nd Zrínyiújvár
2483:1st Zrínyiújvár
2478:Jurjeve Stijene
2274:
2273:
2262:
2165:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1881:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1599:
1566:Shipka Memorial
1549:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1466:
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1455:
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1440:
1438:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1325:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1276:, ed. (1911). "
1261:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1149:
1124:
1118:Wayback Machine
1108:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1010:and is home to
917:
904:Nikolai Mirskii
896:Fyodor Radetzky
892:
875:
855:
847:Fyodor Radetzky
843:siege of Pleven
838:
810:Fyodor Radetsky
749:
728:
723:
718:
614:
610:
607:
605:
537:Siege of Pleven
533:Balkan Mountain
513:Шейновска битка
462:
461:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
450:
433:
432:
431:
428:
427:
425:
419:
418:
417:
391:
389:
387:
385:
376:
374:
372:
370:
353:
351:
349:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
316:
306:
305:
301:
291:
290:
286:
276:
270:
253:
252:
246:
236:
223:
215:Fyodor Radetsky
207:
206:
194:
193:
181:
163:
161:
149:
148:
139:
137:
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
80:
79:
78:
61:
59:
57:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3567:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3480:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3019:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2807:
2800:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2712:Cape Celidonia
2709:
2704:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2507:Saint Gotthard
2504:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2381:Alcácer Quibir
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2285:
2278:
2272:Transformation
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1913:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1876:Constantinople
1872:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1606:Ottoman Empire
1604:involving the
1598:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1526:
1525:
1495:
1486:|journal=
1448:
1411:
1386:
1377:
1363:
1346:
1335:Chisholm, Hugh
1298:
1289:
1274:Chisholm, Hugh
1252:
1206:
1170:
1159:Chisholm, Hugh
1122:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1030:All the stages
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
974:Constantinople
934:Ottoman Empire
916:
913:
891:
888:
874:
871:
854:
851:
837:
834:
748:
745:
727:
724:
720:
719:
717:
716:
711:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
662:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
619:
616:
615:
604:
603:
596:
589:
581:
500:or simply the
486:Ottoman Empire
474:Russian Empire
464:
463:
453:
444:
443:
437:
436:
435:
434:
421:
420:
411:
410:
404:
403:
402:
401:
400:
397:
396:
381:
365:
364:
360:
359:
357:Total: 60,000+
348:I stage: 4,000
345:
343:Total: 70,000+
330:I stage: 5,000
326:
325:
321:
320:
299:Süleyman Hüsnü
274:
251:
250:
233:
219:
178:
177:
173:
172:
170:Ottoman Empire
159:
146:Russian Empire
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
114:
110:
109:
70:
68:
64:
63:
54:
46:
45:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3566:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:Naval battles
3384:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Philippopolis
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3013:Modernization
3010:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:Naval battles
2958:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:Naval battles
2679:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:Naval battles
2168:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
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2055:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1907:Classical Age
1904:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:Naval battles
1884:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
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1607:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:by Ivan Vazov
1561:
1560:
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1554:
1551:
1550:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1529:
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1424:
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1415:
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1390:
1381:
1373:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1269:public domain
1256:
1248:
1242:
1227:
1223:
1222:old.bigenc.ru
1219:
1213:
1211:
1195:
1191:
1190:old.bigenc.ru
1187:
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1179:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1147:
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1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:Abdulhamid II
992:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
930:
926:
922:
912:
910:
909:Veissel Pasha
905:
901:
897:
887:
885:
880:
866:
862:
860:
853:Fourth battle
850:
848:
844:
829:
825:
821:
818:
813:
811:
805:
803:
799:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
747:Second battle
744:
740:
737:
733:
715:
712:
710:
709:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
667:
663:
661:
660:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
617:
612:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
582:
579:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
514:
510:; Bulgarian:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
441:
424:
408:
398:
395:
394:Total: 60,000
392:
382:
380:
377:
367:
366:
361:
358:
355:
346:
344:
341:
328:
327:
322:
315:
310:
300:
295:
285:
280:
275:
268:
262:
257:
245:
240:
234:
232:
227:
221:
220:
216:
211:
203:
198:
190:
185:
180:
179:
174:
171:
160:
158:
153:
147:
136:
135:
130:
122:
118:
115:
112:
111:
106:
88:25°19′0.001″E
85:42°46′0.001″N
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:
55:
52:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
3498:
3483:
3474:
3414:
3392:
3374:
3352:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3281:
3209:
3202:
3180:
3168:
3161:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3068:
3041:
3025:Land battles
2966:
2948:
2941:
2879:
2872:
2850:
2843:
2839:2nd Belgrade
2834:Petrovaradin
2826:
2819:
2812:
2806:Land battles
2777:
2765:
2738:
2721:
2699:
2687:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2625:Egri Palanka
2623:
2616:
2599:
2592:
2580:
2558:
2511:
2499:
2492:
2470:
2463:
2451:
2434:
2427:
2405:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2284:Land battles
2255:
2251:Gulf of Oman
2238:
2221:
2209:
2202:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2158:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2026:
1994:
1987:
1975:
1941:1st Belgrade
1919:Land battles
1874:
1862:
1840:
1823:
1814:Hermannstadt
1806:
1799:
1794:Thessalonica
1792:
1785:
1773:
1746:
1729:
1719:Philadelphia
1717:
1710:
1703:
1698:Sırp Sındığı
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1635:Kulaca Hisar
1633:
1627:Land battles
1557:
1539:
1533:
1516:. Retrieved
1507:
1498:
1477:cite journal
1465:. Retrieved
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1421:
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1389:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1338:
1292:
1281:
1255:
1230:. Retrieved
1221:
1198:. Retrieved
1189:
1162:
1068:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1005:
993:
978:
959:
952:
938:
918:
893:
876:
858:
856:
839:
836:Third battle
822:
814:
806:
794:
766:
762:
752:
750:
741:
729:
726:First battle
706:
682:Gorni-Dubnik
665:
664:
657:
648:Stara Zagora
549:
523:and entered
521:Danube River
518:
501:
497:
469:
467:
393:
383:
378:
368:
356:
347:
342:
329:
314:Veysel Pasha
132:Belligerents
41:
27:Part of the
3318:Shipka Pass
3272:Başgedikler
3267:Akhaltsikhe
3232:Akhaltsikhe
3076:Mount Tabor
3059:Shubra Khit
2994:2nd Ochakov
2937:2nd Ochakov
2897:Stavunchany
2892:1st Ochakov
2436:Nagykanizsa
2114:Leobersdorf
1518:20 December
1467:15 November
1441:15 November
951:in his ode
921:Shipka Pass
736:Iosif Gurko
666:Shipka Pass
611:(1877–1878)
529:Iosif Gurko
492:during the
490:Shipka Pass
482:opalchentsi
476:, aided by
318:(4th Stage)
272:(2nd Stage)
248:(4th Stage)
202:Iosif Gurko
100: /
72:Shipka Peak
3513:Categories
3312:Kızıl Tepe
3188:Dervenakia
3086:Heliopolis
2950:Karánsebes
2874:Banja Luka
2794:Old Regime
2779:Samothrace
2707:Cape Corvo
2601:Negroponte
2588:2nd Mohács
2582:Vrtijeljka
2549:2nd Vienna
2534:2nd Khotyn
2519:Krasnobród
2459:1st Khotyn
2447:Tashiskari
2413:Călugăreni
2360:Gvozdansko
2332:Mostaganem
2211:Formentera
2204:1st Jeddah
2101:1st Mohács
2066:Mercidabık
2002:Breadfield
1989:Valea Albă
1951:Târgoviște
1936:2nd Oranik
1864:2nd Kosovo
1858:1st Oranik
1759:Karanovasa
1725:Dubravnica
1691:Adrianople
1431:B002PX9OLG
1405:2022-08-07
1232:2023-09-22
1200:2023-09-22
1080:References
1012:a monument
989:Great Game
949:Ivan Vazov
890:The battle
873:Background
824:attacks.
777:Aegean Sea
697:Tashkessen
623:Kızıl Tepe
572:Adrianople
568:Eski Zagra
504:(Russian:
484:, and the
284:Rauf Pasha
3370:Velestino
3365:Al Wajbah
3289:Eupatoria
3277:Kurekdere
3237:Kulevicha
3193:Karpenisi
3163:Drăgășani
2927:Kozludzha
2863:Yeghevārd
2767:Oinousses
2631:Slankamen
2544:Trembowla
2494:Novi Zrin
2429:Keresztes
2423:2nd Brest
2388:1st Brest
2160:Sokhoista
2148:Esztergom
2073:Han Yunus
2017:Cătlăbuga
1977:Otlukbeli
1956:2nd Mokra
1893:Gallipoli
1848:1st Mokra
1808:Novo Brdo
1775:Nicopolis
1754:Kırkdilim
1677:Gallipoli
1663:Pelekanon
915:Aftermath
802:artillery
478:Bulgarian
121:Bulgarian
3452:Navarino
3447:Gerontas
3410:Kaliakra
3343:Taşkesen
3333:4th Kars
3299:3rd Kars
3294:Chernaya
3283:Oltenița
3247:2nd Acre
3222:2nd Kars
3211:Phaleron
3204:Kamatero
3198:Arachova
3176:Vasilika
3147:Valtetsi
3111:Al-Safra
3106:Slobozia
3096:Arpachai
3070:1st Acre
3064:Pyramids
2999:Fidonisi
2912:Aspindza
2907:Khresili
2902:1st Kars
2761:Mytilene
2717:Focchies
2647:Moulouya
2641:Ustechko
2607:Batočina
2524:Niemirów
2472:Köbölkút
2299:Temesvár
2229:Girolata
2192:Balearic
2080:Ridanieh
2060:Koçhisar
2047:Turnadag
2040:Çaldıran
1946:Albulena
1931:Krusevac
1926:Leskovac
1836:Torvioll
1831:Kunovica
1825:Zlatitsa
1670:Demotika
1547:See also
1512:Archived
1508:Novinite
1461:Archived
1435:Archived
1399:Archived
1241:cite web
1226:Archived
1224:. 2017.
1194:Archived
1192:. 2017.
1114:Archived
945:Ottomans
894:General
798:Sevlievo
781:Dedeağaç
714:Harmanli
628:Simnitza
525:Bulgaria
324:Strength
67:Location
3499:italics
3437:Nauplia
3432:Algiers
3376:Domokos
3360:Mouzaki
3348:Novšiće
3328:Aladzha
3305:Al-Hasa
3242:Algiers
3170:Sculeni
3152:Doliana
3142:Erzurum
3131:Alamana
3043:Giurgiu
3032:Focșani
2974:Matapan
2943:Mehadia
2932:Kinburn
2887:Perekop
2852:Samarra
2845:Kurijan
2756:Algiers
2751:Algiers
2746:Algiers
2695:Lepanto
2618:Zernest
2612:2nd Niš
2571:Eperjes
2554:Párkány
2529:Komarno
2513:Ładyżyn
2442:Sufiyan
2418:Giurgiu
2374:Torches
2346:Szigeth
2325:Tlemcen
2292:Tlemcen
2234:Alborán
2223:Preveza
2178:Zonchio
2154:Karagak
2134:Algiers
2127:Baghdad
2120:Gorjani
2094:Tlemcen
2054:Algiers
1996:Shkodra
1853:Otonetë
1819:1st Niš
1801:Golubac
1787:Çamurlu
1737:Pločnik
1712:Maritsa
1705:Samokov
1684:Ihtiman
1642:Bapheus
1602:Battles
1337:(ed.).
1271::
1161:(ed.).
1001:Baghdad
817:bayonet
757:Russian
708:Plovdiv
687:Erzurum
677:Aladzha
643:Nikopol
633:Svistov
564:Tirnovo
560:Zistovi
263: (
123:victory
3405:Tendra
3394:Andros
3354:Ulcinj
3323:Plevna
3137:Gravia
3117:Jeddah
3081:Abukir
3049:Izmail
3037:Rymnik
2984:Patras
2968:Imbros
2881:Grocka
2858:Kirkuk
2814:Chelif
2773:Andros
2689:Cyprus
2594:Crimea
2465:Candia
2453:Cecora
2367:Çıldır
2306:Palast
2257:Djerba
2034:Dubica
2028:Krbava
2022:Vrpile
1983:Vaslui
1966:Vaikal
1781:Ankara
1764:Rovine
1748:Kosovo
1742:Bileća
1656:Nicaea
1649:Dimbos
1608:by era
1542:CD-ROM
1429:
1265:
981:Pleven
966:Thrace
929:Pleven
879:Pleven
789:Filibe
785:Thrace
672:Lovcha
659:Plevna
556:Shipka
167:
143:
113:Result
3457:Sinop
3442:Samos
3427:Athos
3262:Nezib
3257:Konya
3227:Varna
3217:Petra
3157:Lalas
3124:Čegar
3101:Batin
3091:Derna
3054:Măcin
2979:Çeşme
2922:Kagul
2917:Larga
2868:Ganja
2828:Pruth
2701:Tunis
2672:Zenta
2654:Lugos
2636:Hodów
2576:Kassa
2501:Jijel
2407:Banat
2401:Sisak
2395:Bihać
2339:Krupa
2319:Tadla
2240:Ponza
2217:Tunis
2185:Modon
2087:Jajce
2012:Adana
1971:Meçad
1961:Ohrid
1870:Polog
1842:Varna
1769:Ohrid
1731:Savra
1333:. In
1157:. In
1018:Notes
985:Sofia
884:Sofia
773:Morea
702:Sofia
653:Măcin
638:Elena
117:Russo
3252:Hims
3182:Peta
2821:Oran
2667:Azov
2661:Ulaş
2560:Buda
2539:Lwów
2141:Pest
1615:Rise
1520:2011
1490:help
1469:2012
1443:2012
1427:ASIN
1247:link
939:The
902:and
857:The
751:The
734:and
692:Kars
566:and
468:The
53:Date
3484:see
3475:see
2566:Vác
2353:Fez
2313:Fez
2198:Diu
2007:Una
1280:".
1003:.
570:to
562:by
516:).
266:WIA
3515::
1506:.
1481::
1479:}}
1475:{{
1433:.
1397:.
1349:^
1301:^
1243:}}
1239:{{
1220:.
1209:^
1188:.
1173:^
1125:^
1088:^
976:.
957:.
574:.
3501:.
1594:e
1587:t
1580:v
1522:.
1492:)
1488:(
1471:.
1445:.
1408:.
1249:)
1203:.
600:e
593:t
586:v
269:)
119:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
