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1055:, seize a small road, and overpower the garrison that protected it, allowing the bulk of his army (5,000 men) to ascend the cliff by the small road and then deploy for battle on the plateau. Even if the first landing party succeeded in their mission and the army was able to follow, such a deployment would still leave his forces inside the French line of defence with no immediate retreat but the river. It is possible that Wolfe's decision to change the landing site was owing less to a desire for secrecy and more to his general disdain for his brigadiers (a feeling that was reciprocated); it is also possible that he was still suffering the effects of his illness and the
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was needed by the end of
September, or Britain's opportunity would be lost. In addition, his frustration with Montcalm's defensive stance continued to grow. In a letter to his mother, Wolfe wrote, "The Marquis of Montcalm is at the head of a great number of bad soldiers, and I am at the head of a small number of good ones that wish for nothing so much as to fight him; but the wary old fellow avoids an action, doubtful of the behaviour of his army." Montcalm also expressed frustration over the long siege, relating that he and his troops slept clothed and booted, and his horse was always saddled in preparation for an attack.
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forces, or even yielded the city to Wolfe, he instead elected to confront Wolfe's force directly. Had he waited, the
British would have been entirely cut offâthey had nowhere to go but back down the Foulon, and would have been under fire the entire way. To an artillery officer named Montbelliard, Montcalm explained his decision thus: "We cannot avoid action; the enemy is entrenching, he already has two pieces of cannon. If we give him time to establish himself, we shall never be able to attack him with the troops we have."
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formation at a word, and retain cohesion in the face of bayonet charges and musket volleys. Though his regular regiments (the "troupes de terre" or "metropolitans") were adept at such formal warfare, in the course of the campaign their ranks had been replenished by less professional militiamen, whose talents at forest warfare emphasised the individual: they tended to fire early and then drop to the ground to reload, thus reducing the effect of concentrated fire at close range.
973:, attacked and destroyed small French settlements along the St. Lawrence. An estimated 1,400 stone houses and manors were destroyed, and many colonists killed. The effort was likely an attempt to force Montcalm's army out of its fortifications, but was unsuccessful. However, the attacks did reduce the number of suppliers available to the French, especially as the British navy, unable to control the St. Lawrence entirely, was successful in blockading the ports in France.
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time he had to live. "A few hours," he was answered. "All the better," he said, "I will not see the
British in Quebec." He was buried in a shell crater left in the floor of the Ursuline chapel by a British shell. In terms of casualties the British suffered 658 killed or wounded, of these, 61 were killed and 597 were wounded. The French casualties was between 644 to 716 killed or wounded, among those thirteen officers, and a further 350 men were taken prisoner.
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1814:) was cancelled due to threats of public disorder. Leaders of separatist parties described the event as a slap in the face for Quebecers of French ancestry and as an insult for the francophone majority. Some sovereigntist groups threatened or made indirect threats by stating that if the event took place, there could be violence. The movement against re-enactment and these threats of violence led the National Battlefields Commission to cancel the event.
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within moments of the command to fire, Wolfe was struck with two shots, one low in the stomach and the second, a mortal wound in the chest. Knox wrote that one of the soldiers near Wolfe shouted "They run, see how they run." Wolfe, on the ground, opened his eyes and asked who was running. Upon being told that the French had broken, he gave several orders, then turned on his side and said "Now, God be praised, I will die in peace", and died.
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1031:. It lies at the bottom of a 53 m (174 ft) high cliff leading to the plateau above, and was protected by a battery of guns. It is not known why Wolfe selected Foulon, as the original landing site was to be further up the river, in a position where the British would be able to develop a foothold and strike at Bougainville's force to draw Montcalm out of Quebec and onto the plains. Brigadier-General
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1625:, serving with the 43rd Foot, wrote in his journal that as the French came within range, the regiments "gave them, with great calmness, as remarkable a close and heavy discharge as I ever saw". After the first volley, the British lines marched forward a few paces towards the shocked French force and fired a second general volley that shattered the attackers and sent them into retreat.
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without waiting for further reinforcements from the
Beauport shore. He arrayed his approximately 3,500 soldiers into place, his best regulars three deep, others six deep and his poorest regiment in column. At approximately 10 a.m., Montcalm, riding his dark horse and waving his sword to encourage his men, ordered a general advance on the British line.
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who would normally have patrolled the cliffs regularly through the night was unable to on the night of the 12th because one of his horses had been stolen and his two others were lame. The first notice of the landing came from a runner who had fled from Vergor's camp, but one of
Montcalm's aides felt the man was mad and sent him away, then went back to bed.
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approaching from
Beauport and Quebec, the Canadian militia and native sharpshooters engaged the British left flank, sheltering in the trees and scrub; the militia held these positions throughout the battle and fell back on this line during the general retreat, eventually holding the bridge over the St. Charles River.
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from the
British artillery or repeated musket fire, suffering injuries to the lower abdomen and thigh. He was able to make it back into the city, but his wounds were mortal and he died at the wee hours the next morning. A few moments before he drew his last breath, Montcalm asked his surgeon how much
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Some French officers felt the
Montmorency defeat would be the last British attack; Vaudreuil wrote afterwards that "I have no more anxiety about Quebec. Wolfe, I assure you, will make no progress... He contented himself with losing about five hundred of his best soldiers." He predicted another attack
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Wolfe, on surveying the town of
Beauport, found that the houses there had been barricaded and organized to allow for musket fire from within; they were built in an unbroken line along the road, providing a formidable barrier. In addition, a screen of trees along the Montmorency River made an approach
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formation that stretched across the width of the Plains, the main firing line being roughly one kilometre long. Two battalions were deployed, facing north, to cover the left flank and a further two formed a reserve. In order to cover the entire plain, Wolfe was forced to array his soldiers two ranks
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The
Highlanders pursued them to the very Sally Port of the town. The Highlanders returned towards the main body. When the highlanders were gathered together, they lay'd on a separate attack against a large body of Canadians on our flank that were posted in a small village and a Bush of woods. Here,
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The plateau was undefended save for Vergor's camp, as Vaudreuil had ordered one of the French regiments to relocate to the east of the city not long before the landing. Had the immediate defenders been more numerous, the British might have been unable to deploy or even been pushed back. An officer
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After considering and rejecting a number of plans for landings on the north shore, a decision was made in late August by Wolfe and his brigadiers to land upriver of the city. If successful, such a landing would force Montcalm to fight, as a British force on the north shore of the St. Lawrence would
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Through the summer siege, illness spread through the British camps. In August, Wolfe himself was bedridden, causing already low morale to slump even further among the British troops. With many men in camp hospitals, British fighting numbers were thinned, and Wolfe personally felt that a new attack
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The next April, before the ice left the rivers, the Chevalier de LĂ©vis, Montcalm's successor as French commander, marched his 7,000 troops to Quebec. James Murray, the British commander, had experienced a terrible winter, in which scurvy had reduced his garrison to only 4,000. On 28 April, LĂ©vis'
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and the Louisbourg Grenadiers, had moved to a rise to observe the battle; he had been struck in the wrist early in the fight, but had wrapped the injury and continued on. Volunteer James Henderson, with the Louisbourg Grenadiers, had been tasked with holding the hill, and reported afterwards that
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to anchor the line. The defenders pushed the British from one house, but were repelled and, in retreat, lit several houses on fire to keep them out of enemy hands. Smoke from these fires wound up masking the British left, and may have confused Montcalm as to the width of the lines. As Wolfe's men
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I had the honour to inform you today that it is my duty to attack the French army. To the best of my knowledge and ability, I have fixed upon that spot where we can act with most force and are most likely to succeed. If I am mistaken I am sorry for it and must be answerable to His Majesty and the
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As a European-trained military leader, Montcalm's instinct was for large, set-piece battles in which regiments and soldiers moved in precise order. Such actions required a disciplined soldiery, painstakingly drilled for as long as 18 months on the parade ground, trained to march in time, change
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Montcalm was taken aback to learn of the British deployment, and his response has been regarded as precipitate. Though he might have awaited reinforcement by Bougainville's column (allowing simultaneous frontal and rear attacks on the British position) or avoided battle while he concentrated his
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and others had expressed their concern at the possibility of L'Anse-au-Foulon being vulnerable, but Montcalm dismissed them, saying 100 men would hold off the army until daylight, remarking, "It is not to be supposed that the enemies have wings so that they can in the same night cross the river,
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were sent to clear the picket along the road, and climbed the slope, a manoeuvre that allowed them to come up behind Vergor's camp and capture it quickly. Wolfe followed an hour later when he could use an easy access road to climb to the plain. Thus, by the time the sun rose over the Plains of
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As French troops arrived from Beauport, Montcalm, one of few mounted men on the field, decided that a swift assault was the only way to dislodge the British from their position. Accordingly, he deployed the forces immediately available in and near Quebec City and prepared an immediate attack,
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On the morning of 13 September, Wolfe's army formed a line first with their backs to the river, then spread out across the Plains with its right anchored by the bluff along the St. Lawrence and its left by a bluff and thick wood above the St. Charles River. While the regular French forces were
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Townshend took charge of the British forces and realised that Bougainville's column was approaching from the British rear, having taken some time to arrive from Cap Rouge. He quickly formed up two battalions from the confused troops on the field and turned them to meet the oncoming French, a
1697:, who later wrote to his government and put the full blame for the French rout on the deceased Montcalm, decided to abandon Quebec and the Beauport shore, ordering all of his forces to march west and eventually join up with Bougainville, leaving the garrison in Quebec under the command of
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1751:. A lack of artillery and ammunition, combined with British improvements to the fortifications, meant that the French were unable to take the city by storm. Both sides awaited reinforcements from Europe. The first ships to arrive, in mid-May, were part of a British fleet which had
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Plan of Quebec and environs with its defences and the occasional entrenched camps of the French commanded by Marquis de Montcalm shewing likewise the principal works and operations of the British forces, under the command of Major General Wolfe, during the siege of that place in
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today). This battle proved bloodier than that of the Plains of Abraham, with about 850 casualties on the French side and 1,100 on the British side. The French had defeated the British, but the British were able to withdraw within the walls of Quebec, to which the French
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cut his supply lines to Montreal. Initial suggestions for landing sites ranged as far as 32 km (20 mi) up the St. Lawrence, which would have given the French troops one or two days to prepare for the attack. Following the failed British assault on
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The British, meanwhile, prepared for their risky deployment upstream. Troops had already been aboard landing ships and drifting up and down the river for several days when Wolfe on 12 September, made a final decision on the British landing site, selecting
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shore following the abandonment of the British camp at Montmorency, which he regarded as preparations for a descent (amphibious attack) on Beauport. In spite of warnings from local commanders, he did not view an upstream landing as a serious possibility.
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In 2009, a number of activities were proposed to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. A plan to hold a re-enactment of the battle itself (as well as a re-enactment of the subsequent French victory of 1760 at the
1656:, but were met near the city by a heavy fire from a floating battery covering the bridge over the St. Charles River as well as militia that remained in the trees. The 78th took the highest number of casualties of all British units in the battle.
962:, who reached the beach, attempted a generally undisciplined charge on the French positions, but came under heavy fire; a thunderstorm ended the fight and allowed Wolfe to pull his troops back after taking some 450 casualties to Montcalm's 60.
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to pass that nightâa plan that had been changed without Vergor being notified. When the boats, loaded with the first wave of British troops, were challenged, a French-speaking officer, either a Captain Fraser or Captain Donald McDonald of the
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downriver to disrupt the landing, but the ships were set afire too early and British sailors in longboats were able to pull the flaming craft clear of the fleet. The following day, Wolfe's troops landed on the south bank of the river at
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surveyed a large portion of the river, including a dangerous channel known as The Traverse. Cook's ship was one of the first ships up the river, sounding the channel and guiding the fleet as it moved up; Wolfe and his men landed on the
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he used as painkillers. Some revisionist historians believe Wolfe ordered the attack believing the advanced guard would be repulsed, and anticipated dying gallantly with his men rather than returning home in disgrace.
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on land that was originally owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin, hence the name of the battle. The battle involved fewer than 10,000 troops in total, but proved to be a deciding moment in the conflict between
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1759:, just off the coast of France, proved the decisive battle for this part of New France. The Royal Navy destroyed the French fleet, meaning France could not send a reserve force to save New France.
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entered its later stages through 1758 and 1759, French forces and colonies in northeastern North America came under renewed attack from British armies. In 1758 after their defeat in July at the
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The boats, however, had drifted slightly off course: instead of landing at the base of the road, many soldiers found themselves at the base of a slope. A group of 24 volunteers led by Colonel
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1755:. The success of the French army's offensive against Quebec in the spring of 1760 had depended on the dispatch of a French armada, with fresh troops and supplies. A naval battle fought at
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deep, rather than the more conventional three ranks. On the left wing, regiments under Townshend exchanged fire with the militia in the scrub and captured a small collection of houses and
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As the French approached, the British lines held their fire. Wolfe had devised a firing method for stopping French column advances in 1755 that called for the centreâin this case, the
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958:, also known as the Battle of Montmorency. Approximately 3,500 troops, supported by a heavy bombardment, attempted to land but were fired upon in the river shallows. Members of the
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A Collection of National English Airs, Consisting of Ancient Song, Ballad, & Dance Tunes, Interspersed with Remarks and Anecdote, and Preceded by an Essay on English Minstrelsy
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after a wonderful escape all day, we suffered great loss both in Officers and men but at last drove them under the cover of their cannon which likeways did us considerable loss.
1825:. The inclusion of that document in the event led to condemnations and a boycott from federalist politicians and the withdrawal of some government funding for the event. The
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day-saving manoeuvre; instead of attacking with a well rested and ready force, Bougainville retreated while the rest of Montcalm's army slipped back across the St. Charles.
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The decisive success of the British forces on the Plains of Abraham and the subsequent capture of Quebec became part of what was known in Great Britain as the "
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Saint-Denis. On the night of 12 September and morning of 13 September, however, the camp may have contained as few as 40 men, as others were off harvesting.
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had staged a diversionary action off Montmorency, firing on the shore emplacements through the night and loading boats with troops, many of them taken from
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Wolfe's plan of attack depended on secrecy and surprise. His plan required that a small party of men should land by night on the north shore, climb the
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2712:, p. 94. In 2001, his remains were moved to the military cemetery at the HÎpital-Général, near the St. Charles River, where they were placed in a
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849:, were unsettled by the British successes. However, Quebec was still able to protect itself as the British prepared a three-pronged attack for 1759.
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Meanwhile, the British, first under the command of Townshend and later with Murray in charge, settled in to besiege the city in conjunction with
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With Wolfe dead and several other key officers injured, British troops fell into a disorganised pursuit of the retreating French troops. The
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Foot regimentsâto hold fire while waiting for the advancing force to approach within 30 yd (27 m), then open fire at close range.
1546:, but most of these troops did not participate in the action. Many of the militia were inexperienced; the Acadian, Canadian, and indigenous
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wrote that "by some intelligence the General had, he has changed his mind as to the place he intended to land". In his final letter, dated
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supporters of the French made peace with the British, France was forced to draw its troops back. The French leaders, specifically Governor
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1821:. Thousands gathered on the Plains of Abraham to listen to recitations of 140 significant texts from Quebec history, including the 1970
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For the remainder of the summer, Wolfe's focus changed, possibly due to frustration with Montcalm's tactics. Wolfe's troops, along with
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waited for the defenders, the steady fire became intense enough that Wolfe ordered his men to lie down amid the high grass and brush.
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and a column of approximately 1,500 regular troops, 200 cavalry, and a group of New French militiaâsome 3,000 men in allâupriver to
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in August, causing Atlantic Canada to fall into their hands, and opening the sea route to attack Quebec. The British also captured
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with 17,000 British and American troops. The French capitulated on 8 September, and the British took possession of Montreal. The
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The French held their fire and both armies waited for two or three minutes. The French finally fired two disorganized volleys.
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among the leadership, the French troops and New French militia defenders focused their preparations for British attacks on the
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disembark, climb the obstructed acclivity, and scale the walls, for which last operation they would have to carry ladders."
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on that route dangerous. On 31 July, the first serious attempt by Wolfe's troops to land on the northern shore led to the
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General Montcalm, mortally wounded on the Plains of Abraham, is taken to Quebec. Watercolour by Louis Bombled (1862â1927)
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Map of the Quebec City area showing disposition of French and British forces. The Plains of Abraham are to the left.
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west of the city. The British Navy was forced to leave the St. Lawrence shortly after the capture of Quebec, lest
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Engraving based on a sketch by Wolfe's aide-de-camp, Harvey Smyth, depicting the easy climb by Wolfe's soldiers
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Wolfe had ordered his soldiers to charge their muskets with two balls each in preparation for the engagement.
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Eccles, W. J. (1994), "The Preemptive Conquest, 1749â1763", in Francis, R. Douglas; Smith, Donald B. (eds.),
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and the city was turned over to British control. The remaining French forces positioned themselves on the
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Sentries did detect boats moving along the river that morning, but they were expecting a French supply
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An eyewitness with the 78th Highlanders (Dr Robert Macpherson) wrote three days after the battle:
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who commanded appx. 8,000 troops, of which only 4,500 men and 1 artillery gun were taken to the
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The Canadian military atlas: the Nation's battlefields from the French and Indian Wars to Kosovo
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Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754â1766
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1858:. In Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe, he states that the evening before the battle, Wolfe recited
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The French Armies in the Seven Years' War: A Study in Military Organization and Administration
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expected to lead 12,000 men, but was greeted by only approximately 7,000 regular troops, 400
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were more used to guerrilla warfare. By contrast, the British 7,700 troops were almost all
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1027:. L'Anse-au-Foulon is a cove situated west of the city, three kilometres upstream from
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The French forces would attempt to recapture Quebec the following spring, and in the
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wound just below his ribs. In the wake of the battle, the French evacuated the city.
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by the British, the battle lasted about an hour. British troops commanded by General
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to monitor the British ships upstream. He further strengthened his defences of the
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fleet. Within days, on 18 September, de Ramezay, Townshend and Saunders signed the
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battery was established there in early July that nearly levelled the lower town by
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In the wake of the battle, a state of confusion spread through the French troops.
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sent downriver to block the British advance, as shown in a copy of a painting by
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commanding appx. 1,900 regulars, 1,500 militia and natives, and 4 field guns.
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would come within days. Others in the French camp felt the campaign was over.
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by the British Army and Royal Navy against the French Army, just outside the
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Abraham, Wolfe's army had a solid foothold at the top of the cliffs of the
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the night before the battle. Due to that myth, said song is also called
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available in Quebec City and along the Beauport shore, as well as 200
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on 28 June. The French attempted to attack the fleet by sending seven
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1759 battle between British and French troops near Quebec City, Canada
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The British under General Wolfe climbing the heights of Quebec, 1759
1426:
1417:, who had unsuccessfully faced the British four years previously at
1321:
65:
3518:
3109:
Francis, R. Douglas; Jones, Richard & Smith, Donald B. (2000),
1731:
228:
2858:"CBC News: Organizers cancel mock Battle of the Plains of Abraham"
1817:
Another commemorative event was proposed for the anniversary, the
1770:
was signed in 1763 to end the war and gave possession of parts of
1680:
During the retreat, Montcalm, still mounted, was struck by either
941:
1561:
Of the British troops, approximately 3,300 formed into a shallow
1524:
1520:
1454:
927:
779:
711:). The battle, which began on 13 September 1759, was fought on a
232:
3288:
Historical Atlas of Canada, Volume I: From the Beginning to 1800
3243:(4th ed.), Toronto: Harcourt Brace and Company, p. 180
1405:
Bougainville, tasked with the defence of the large area between
3195:
Death Or Victory: The Battle for Quebec and the Birth of Empire
1540:
1438:
1056:
733:
721:
3456:
From the Warpath to the Plains of Abraham (virtual exhibition)
2561:
Ian Macpherson Mcculloch, "Son of the Mountains", pp. 186â187.
3455:
3446:
Battle of the Plains of Abraham at the Quebec History Website
1653:
981:
740:
240:
3460:
2821:
2819:
2718:
Press release, Commission de la capitale nationale du Québec
1845:
1774:
to Great Britain, including Canada and the eastern half of
697:
Bataille des Plaines d'Abraham, PremiÚre bataille de Québec
2837:
37:. For other battles that occurred around Quebec City, see
2993:
Paths of Glory: The Life and Death of General James Wolfe
2816:
2334:"1759-09-13 â Battle of QuĂ©bec â Project Seven Years War"
2910:"Canada: Workers find live British cannonball in Quebec"
2884:"CBC News: Plains of Abraham reading attracts thousands"
2847:. This website is not the official website of the event.
1578:
Montcalm leading his troops into battle. Watercolour by
3436:
Introduction: The Seven Years War â Canadian War Museum
1092:
British forces engaged in the battle were commanded by
833:
in the same month, costing the French supplies for the
467:
1294:
French forces engaged in the battle were commanded by
3461:
National Battlefields Commission (Plains of Abraham)
1527:, 200 artillery (including the guns of Quebec), 400
782:
most of its possessions in eastern North America to
3248:Francis, R. Douglas & Smith, Donald B. (1998),
1762:At Montréal that September, Lévis and 2,000 troops
899:, nearly directly across the river from Quebec; an
881:In preparation for the fleet's approach to Quebec,
3318:
2681:"13â14 septembre 1759 â Mort de Montcalm et Wolfe"
2545:
2543:
2025:
2023:
2021:
3108:
2825:
2810:
2112:
2110:
1742:, immediately west of the city (near the site of
3878:
3031:, The Makers of Canada, Toronto: Morang & Co
2996:, New York: Carnegie Publishing Ltd, Lancaster,
1339:Louis Joseph de Saint VĂ©ran, Marquis de Montcalm
1299:Louis Joseph de Saint VĂ©ran, Marquis de Montcalm
30:For the board wargame based on this battle, see
3250:Readings in Canadian History, Pre-Confederation
3241:Readings in Canadian History: Pre-Confederation
2540:
2018:
162:
2107:
1515:In total, Montcalm had 13,390 regular troops,
1354:(deep order, meaning they were not spread out)
3534:
1401:Landing of the British troops on 12 September
1163:(only grenadier and light infantry companies)
1157:(only grenadier and light infantry companies)
505:
3632:Vieux-QuĂ©becâCap-Blancâcolline Parlementaire
3441:A Soldier's Account of the Plains of Abraham
3394:, Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada,
3364:Vérité sur la bataille des plaines d'abraham
3247:
1916:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1042:, 8:30 p.m. 12 September, Wolfe wrote:
1738:forces met and defeated the British at the
998:, Montcalm altered his deployment, sending
3790:2000â06 municipal reorganization in Quebec
3541:
3527:
3111:Origins: Canadian History to Confederation
2838:Official reenactors' website for the event
1801:(constructed by the British 1808â1812) in
512:
498:
3514:Audio documentary of the Battle of Quebec
3477:The Battle of the Plains of Abraham from
3035:
2709:
2667:
2582:
2534:
2212:
2053:
2041:
2012:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1897:
3291:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press,
3265:
3220:
3152:, New York: The World Publishing Company
3063:, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
3021:
2989:
2957:
2938:
2655:
2486:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2362:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2176:
2077:
2065:
1832:In 2017, during construction within the
1793:
1703:
1658:
1627:
1598:
1573:
1506:
1489:
1469:
1396:
1013:
980:
949:and the unsuccessful attack on 31 August
940:
918:. Montcalm and his staff, Major-General
865:
804:
194:
3409:
3368:
3338:
3316:
3169:Quebec 1759: The Battle That Won Canada
3144:
2594:
2510:
2236:
2224:
2152:
2101:
14:
3879:
3387:
3284:
3238:
3088:
3053:
2549:
2462:
2414:
2344:from the original on 25 September 2020
2188:
2164:
2128:
2029:
2000:
1964:
1923:
1264:60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot
1258:60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot
1127:Protecting rear â The Light Infantry (
945:Initial British landing, claiming the
920:François de Gaston, Chevalier de Lévis
3522:
3391:Quebec 1759: The Siege and The Battle
3376:, Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
3156:
3131:, Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre,
3126:
2920:from the original on 14 December 2017
2760:
2748:
2606:
2390:
2328:
2326:
2295:
2293:
2248:
2116:
1988:
1881:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
1864:Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
1699:Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay
774:and in 1763, following defeat in the
493:
3902:Battles of the French and Indian War
3548:
3508:Battle of Quebec animated battle map
3451:The Plains of Abraham in Google Maps
3272:, Toronto: Oxford University Press,
3192:
3165:
2890:from the original on 1 December 2019
2864:from the original on 27 October 2018
2772:
2736:
2691:from the original on 13 October 2018
2630:
2618:
2570:
2522:
2498:
2474:
2402:
2386:
2374:
2311:from the original on 30 January 2020
2200:
2140:
2089:
1976:
1934:
1502:
732:, influencing the later creation of
3785:Communauté métropolitaine de Québec
3305:from the original on 17 August 2021
2978:from the original on 15 August 2021
2792:from the original on 1 January 2020
985:The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
424:4,400 regulars and colonial rangers
24:
3780:Quebec Urban Community (1970â2001)
3770:List of articles about Quebec City
3612:
3252:, Toronto: Harcourt-Brace Canada,
3213:
3077:from the original on 27 March 2022
2323:
2290:
1724:Articles of Capitulation of Quebec
1648:were ordered by Brigadier-General
1594:
1063:
523:Seven Years' War in North America:
431:1,500 colonial militia and natives
25:
3943:
3429:
3398:from the original on 28 June 2011
3325:, Durham: Duke University Press,
3010:from the original on 7 April 2022
1415:Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor
1277:80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot
1223:(also guarding the landing place)
1129:80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot
1087:
757:Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm
739:The culmination of a three-month
531:, St. Lawrence and Mohawk theater
3549:
3414:, Toronto: Stoddart Publishing,
3341:Vérité sur les plaines d'Abraham
3060:The Canadian Frontier, 1534â1760
1652:to pursue the French with their
1289:
1070:
466:
459:
406:
395:
384:
373:
362:
343:
331:
320:
309:
298:
287:
276:
257:
212:
196:
180:
164:
64:
3897:Battles involving Great Britain
3281:(Trans. by Margaret M. Cameron)
3269:Canada: The War of the Conquest
2950:
2932:
2902:
2876:
2850:
2831:
2811:Francis, Jones & Smith 2000
2804:
2778:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2703:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2555:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
976:
707:to describe the North American
699:), was a pivotal battle in the
685:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
51:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
3798:Regional county municipalities
3095:, New York: Harper & Row,
2826:Francis, Jones & Smith2000
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1940:
1848:, Wolfe sang the soldier song
1734:close the mouth of the river.
1231:1 Light field gun provided by
1195:1 Light field gun provided by
13:
1:
3285:Harris, R. Cole, ed. (1987),
3172:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing,
3040:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing,
2964:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
1891:
1829:took place without incident.
1753:defeated Levis' support ships
1713:Marc AurÚle de Foy Suzor-Coté
1487:; this preoccupied Montcalm.
924:Louis Antoine de Bougainville
751:advance of French troops and
3581:Sainte-FoyâSilleryâCap-Rouge
3221:Borneman, Walter R. (2007),
3113:, Toronto: Harcourt Canada,
1688:
1047:public for the consequences.
809:A portrait of Wolfe printed
7:
3728:Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
3494:The Chronicles of America:
3343:, Les Ă©ditions de l'Homme,
3157:Lloyd, Christopher (1959),
1869:
1851:How Stands the Glass Around
1636:Wolfe, positioned with the
1307:commanded by General Dumas
1227:78th (Fraser's) Highlanders
837:campaign. When some of the
800:
10:
3948:
3129:Historical Atlas of Canada
2990:Brumwell, Stephen (2006),
2642:Ian Macpherson Mcculloch,
1392:
1361:under General Senezergues
747:successfully resisted the
72:The Death of General Wolfe
29:
3762:
3736:
3713:
3624:
3610:
3561:
3479:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3223:The French and Indian War
2727:, retrieved 26 April 2007
1839:
1789:
1511:First phase of the battle
1465:
1374:RĂ©giment Royal Roussillon
537:
528:The French and Indian War
454:
435:
418:
250:
156:
82:
63:
55:
50:
3892:Battles involving France
3887:Battles involving Canada
3036:Chartrand, Rene (1999),
1603:French forces in retreat
1580:Charles William Jefferys
3339:MacLeod, Peter (2008),
3161:, London: B.T. Batsford
2958:Anderson, Fred (2000),
2843:14 October 2017 at the
2301:"Battle of Quebec 1759"
1886:WolfeâMontcalm Monument
1646:78th Fraser Highlanders
1444:78th Fraser Highlanders
1279:) (protecting the rear)
930:and batteries from the
772:failed to take the city
18:Battle of Quebec (1759)
3932:History of Quebec City
3841:Equivalent territories
3775:History of Quebec City
3618:
3596:La Haute-Saint-Charles
3410:Zuehlke, Mark (2001),
3266:Frégault, Guy (1969),
3089:Eccles, W. J. (1972),
2305:www.britishbattles.com
1950:. 2007. Archived from
1806:
1715:
1674:
1664:
1633:
1604:
1583:
1512:
1495:
1475:
1402:
1049:
1019:
986:
950:
878:
814:
755:militia under General
696:
604:Conquest of New France
480:Location within Quebec
251:Commanders and leaders
3853:Independent parishes:
3679:Sillery Heritage Site
3616:
3388:Stacey, C.P. (1959),
3317:Kennett, Lee (1986),
3197:. Harper Collins UK.
3166:Reid, Stuart (2003),
3159:The Capture of Quebec
3127:Hayes, Derek (2002),
2939:Chappell, W. (1838),
1803:The Battlefields Park
1797:
1784:Appalachian Mountains
1728:Jacques-Cartier River
1709:The Death of Montcalm
1707:
1695:Governor de Vaudreuil
1669:
1662:
1631:
1602:
1577:
1510:
1493:
1473:
1400:
1346:RĂ©giment de Languedoc
1252:15th Regiment of Foot
1221:58th Regiment of Foot
1216:47th Regiment of Foot
1191:43rd Regiment of Foot
1186:28th Regiment of Foot
1167:45th Regiment of Foot
1161:40th Regiment of Foot
1155:22nd Regiment of Foot
1149:Louisbourg Grenadiers
1123:48th Regiment of Foot
1117:35th Regiment of Foot
1115:on the right flank â
1044:
1017:
984:
960:Louisbourg Grenadiers
944:
869:
808:
705:French and Indian War
436:Casualties and losses
413:Louis de Bougainville
58:French and Indian War
3856:Notre-Dame-des-Anges
3749:Notre-Dame-des-Anges
3146:Hibbert, Christopher
2644:Son of the Mountains
2275:, pp. 354, 789.
1954:on 18 December 2008.
1856:General Wolfe's Song
1812:Battle of Sainte-Foy
1740:Battle of Sainte-Foy
1517:Troupes de la Marine
1460:promontory of Quebec
1313:RĂ©giment de la Sarre
1275:The Light Infantry (
1053:Promontory of Quebec
768:Battle of Sainte-Foy
717:walls of Quebec City
703:(referred to as the
687:, also known as the
477:class=notpageimage|
3907:Conflicts in Quebec
3650:Saint-Jean-Baptiste
3617:Flag of Quebec City
2813:, pp. 142â143.
2465:, pp. 203â204.
2155:, pp. 104â107.
1967:, pp. 178â179.
1778:âlying between the
1537:Charles de Langlade
1367:RĂ©giment de Guyenne
932:Saint-Charles River
825:, the British took
651:Pointe-aux-Trembles
129:46.8015°N 71.2201°W
125: /
3927:1759 in New France
3823:La Jacques-Cartier
3818:La CÎte-de-Beaupré
3802:Capitale-Nationale
3744:L'Ancienne-Lorette
3619:
3496:Wolfe and Montcalm
3486:Wolfe and Montcalm
3467:Montcalm and Wolfe
3374:Montcalm and Wolfe
3193:Snow, Dan (2009).
3028:Wolfe And Montcalm
2788:. September 2016.
2723:9 May 2008 at the
1948:"Battle of Quebec"
1937:, pp. 385â386
1876:Conquest of Canada
1834:Old City of Quebec
1807:
1716:
1665:
1634:
1605:
1584:
1513:
1496:
1476:
1403:
1020:
987:
956:Battle of Beauport
951:
910:Despite an air of
879:
823:Battle of Carillon
815:
572:Fort William Henry
3912:Conflicts in 1759
3874:
3873:
3690:Lac-Saint-Charles
3360:978-1-55365-412-4
3354:(English version
3350:978-2-7619-2575-4
3232:978-0-06-076185-1
3204:978-0-00-728620-1
3102:978-0-0601-1152-6
3092:France in America
2786:"Hallowed Ground"
2621:, pp. 76â77.
2573:, pp. 74â75.
2477:, pp. 72â73.
2405:, pp. 58â61.
2338:www.kronoskaf.com
2092:, pp. 35â42.
2056:, pp. 10â11.
1780:Mississippi River
1623:Captain John Knox
1503:First engagements
1352:RĂ©giment de BĂ©arn
1243:Brigadier General
1207:Brigadier General
1177:Brigadier General
1101:Plains of Abraham
936:Montmorency Falls
776:Montreal campaign
728:over the fate of
678:
677:
567:Sabbath Day Point
488:
487:
369:François de Lévis
152:
151:
134:46.8015; -71.2201
100:Plains of Abraham
90:13 September 1759
16:(Redirected from
3939:
3863:Native reserves:
3571:La Cité-Limoilou
3553:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3510:by Jonathan Webb
3499:
3424:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3384:
3370:Parkman, Francis
3353:
3335:
3324:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3280:
3262:
3244:
3235:
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3189:
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3105:
3085:
3084:
3082:
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3032:
3018:
3017:
3015:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2916:. 15 July 2017.
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2764:
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2734:
2728:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2685:www.herodote.net
2677:
2671:
2665:
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2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1921:
1918:
1909:
1906:
1827:Moulin Ă paroles
1819:Moulin Ă paroles
1776:French Louisiana
1744:Université Laval
1531:(including many
1284:American Rangers
1246:George Townshend
1074:
1033:George Townshend
971:American Rangers
861:Charles Saunders
819:Seven Years' War
701:Seven Years' War
689:Battle of Quebec
668:Thousand Islands
621:Fort Ticonderoga
611:La Belle-Famille
532:
529:
524:
514:
507:
500:
491:
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338:Charles Saunders
336:
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305:George Townshend
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39:Battle of Quebec
21:
3947:
3946:
3942:
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3940:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3922:1750s in Canada
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3828:L'Ăle-d'OrlĂ©ans
3806:
3758:
3732:
3709:
3644:Petit Champlain
3640:Parliament Hill
3620:
3608:
3557:
3547:
3493:
3488:NFB documentary
3472:Francis Parkman
3432:
3427:
3422:
3401:
3399:
3351:
3333:
3308:
3306:
3299:
3260:
3233:
3216:
3214:Further reading
3211:
3205:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3150:Wolfe At Quebec
3139:
3121:
3103:
3080:
3078:
3071:
3048:
3023:Casgrain, H. R.
3013:
3011:
3004:
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2877:
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2855:
2851:
2845:Wayback Machine
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2725:Wayback Machine
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2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1894:
1872:
1844:According to a
1842:
1792:
1768:Treaty of Paris
1764:were confronted
1691:
1597:
1595:Main engagement
1529:native warriors
1505:
1485:field hospitals
1468:
1419:Fort Beauséjour
1395:
1372:2nd Battalion,
1365:2nd Battalion,
1350:2nd Battalion,
1344:2nd Battalion,
1311:2nd Battalion,
1292:
1282:6 Companies of
1262:3rd Battalion,
1256:2nd Battalion,
1233:Royal Artillery
1197:Royal Artillery
1180:Robert Monckton
1090:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1066:
1064:Order of battle
979:
803:
795:Annus Mirabilis
788:Treaty of Paris
681:
680:
679:
674:
533:
527:
522:
520:
518:
484:
483:
482:
481:
479:
473:
472:
471:
449:
447:
442:
430:
428:
407:
405:
404:
402:Roch de Ramezay
396:
394:
393:
391:Michel Langlade
385:
383:
382:
380:Louis de Vergor
374:
372:
371:
363:
361:
360:
354:
344:
342:
332:
330:
329:
321:
319:
318:
310:
308:
307:
299:
297:
296:
288:
286:
285:
283:Robert Monckton
277:
275:
274:
268:
258:
256:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
213:
211:
207:
197:
195:
191:
187:British America
181:
179:
175:
165:
163:
148:British victory
133:
131:
127:
124:
119:
116:
114:
112:
111:
110:
69:
42:
35:(block wargame)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3945:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3917:1759 in France
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Charlevoix-Est
3810:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3430:External links
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3407:
3385:
3366:
3349:
3336:
3331:
3314:
3297:
3282:
3263:
3258:
3245:
3236:
3231:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3190:
3178:
3163:
3154:
3142:
3137:
3124:
3119:
3106:
3101:
3086:
3069:
3051:
3046:
3033:
3019:
3002:
2987:
2970:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2931:
2901:
2875:
2849:
2830:
2828:, p. 142.
2815:
2803:
2777:
2765:
2763:, p. 142.
2753:
2751:, p. 149.
2741:
2729:
2710:Chartrand 1999
2702:
2672:
2668:Chartrand 1999
2660:
2658:, p. 363.
2648:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2609:, p. 139.
2599:
2597:, p. 151.
2587:
2583:Chartrand 1999
2575:
2563:
2554:
2552:, p. 182.
2539:
2535:Chartrand 1999
2527:
2515:
2513:, p. 148.
2503:
2491:
2489:, p. 112.
2479:
2467:
2455:
2453:, p. 359.
2443:
2441:, p. 355.
2431:
2429:, p. 356.
2419:
2417:, p. 123.
2407:
2395:
2393:, p. 125.
2389:, p. 37;
2379:
2367:
2365:, p. 160.
2355:
2322:
2289:
2287:, p. 269.
2277:
2265:
2263:, p. 353.
2253:
2251:, p. 117.
2241:
2239:, p. 121.
2229:
2227:, p. 125.
2217:
2213:Chartrand 1999
2205:
2193:
2191:, p. 181.
2181:
2179:, p. 157.
2169:
2167:, p. 201.
2157:
2145:
2133:
2131:, p. 180.
2121:
2119:, p. 103.
2106:
2094:
2082:
2080:, p. 109.
2070:
2068:, p. 345.
2058:
2054:Chartrand 1999
2046:
2042:Chartrand 1999
2034:
2032:, p. 197.
2017:
2013:Chartrand 1999
2005:
2003:, p. 199.
1993:
1991:, p. 106.
1981:
1969:
1957:
1939:
1922:
1920:Macleod p. 228
1910:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1841:
1838:
1799:Martello Tower
1791:
1788:
1690:
1687:
1596:
1593:
1504:
1501:
1467:
1464:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:Trois-RiviĂšres
1376:
1370:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1315:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1188:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1089:
1088:British forces
1086:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1025:Anse-au-Foulon
1018:Anse au Foulon
978:
975:
916:Beauport Shore
876:Dominic Serres
831:Fort Frontenac
802:
799:
676:
675:
673:
672:
671:
670:
660:
658:Sainte-ThérÚse
655:
654:
653:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
607:
606:
600:
599:
597:Fort Frontenac
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
535:
534:
517:
516:
509:
502:
494:
486:
485:
475:
474:
465:
464:
458:
457:
456:
455:
452:
451:
444:
438:
437:
433:
432:
429:1,900 regulars
425:
421:
420:
416:
415:
350:Louis Montcalm
340:
253:
252:
248:
247:
222:
221:
208:
192:
190:
189:
176:
159:
158:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
98:
96:
92:
91:
88:
80:
79:
61:
60:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3944:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3715:Agglomeration
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3423:
3421:0-7737-3289-6
3417:
3413:
3408:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3332:0-8223-0737-5
3328:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3304:
3300:
3298:0-8020-2495-5
3294:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:0-7747-3546-5
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3179:1-85532-605-1
3175:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:1-55054-918-9
3134:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3120:0-7747-3664-X
3116:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3087:
3076:
3072:
3070:0-03-076540-4
3066:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3055:Eccles, W. J.
3052:
3049:
3047:1-85532-847-X
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3009:
3005:
3003:1-8528-5553-3
2999:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2977:
2973:
2971:0-375-40642-5
2967:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2942:
2935:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2812:
2807:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2775:, p. 84.
2774:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2690:
2687:(in French).
2686:
2682:
2676:
2670:, p. 90.
2669:
2664:
2657:
2656:Anderson 2000
2652:
2645:
2639:
2633:, p. 82.
2632:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2585:, p. 88.
2584:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2537:, p. 86.
2536:
2531:
2525:, p. 69.
2524:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2501:, p. 61.
2500:
2495:
2488:
2487:Casgrain 1905
2483:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2451:Anderson 2000
2447:
2440:
2439:Anderson 2000
2435:
2428:
2427:Anderson 2000
2423:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2377:, p. 55.
2376:
2371:
2364:
2363:Casgrain 1905
2359:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2286:
2285:Brumwell 2006
2281:
2274:
2273:Anderson 2000
2269:
2262:
2261:Anderson 2000
2257:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2215:, p. 78.
2214:
2209:
2203:, p. 50.
2202:
2197:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2177:Casgrain 1905
2173:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2149:
2143:, p. 44.
2142:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2104:, p. 98.
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2078:Casgrain 1905
2074:
2067:
2066:Anderson 2000
2062:
2055:
2050:
2044:, p. 16.
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2015:, p. 69.
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1979:, p. 25.
1978:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1908:Macleod p 230
1905:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:FLQ Manifesto
1820:
1815:
1813:
1805:, Quebec City
1804:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1683:
1682:canister shot
1678:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:Major General
1333:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:Major General
1290:French forces
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:(3 Companies)
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:Major General
1137:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1121:In reserve â
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:Major General
1079:
1073:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
991:
983:
974:
972:
967:
963:
961:
957:
948:
943:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
893:
889:
888:Ăle d'OrlĂ©ans
884:
877:
873:
868:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
812:
807:
798:
796:
791:
789:
785:
784:Great Britain
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
659:
656:
652:
649:
648:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
605:
602:
601:
598:
595:
593:
592:Fort Carillon
590:
588:
587:Bernetz Brook
585:
583:
582:2nd Snowshoes
580:
578:
577:German Flatts
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:1st Snowshoes
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:
530:
525:
515:
510:
508:
503:
501:
496:
495:
492:
478:
462:
453:
445:
440:
439:
434:
426:
423:
422:
417:
414:
403:
392:
381:
370:
359:
357:
351:
341:
339:
328:
317:
306:
295:
284:
273:
271:
265:
255:
254:
249:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
220:
219:French Canada
210:
209:
205:
193:
188:
178:
177:
173:
172:Great Britain
161:
160:
155:
147:
144:
143:
138:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
93:
89:
86:
85:
81:
78:
77:Benjamin West
74:
73:
67:
62:
59:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
34:
19:
3862:
3852:
3839:
3796:
3766:
3700:Loretteville
3600:
3586:Charlesbourg
3576:Les RiviĂšres
3495:
3485:
3478:
3466:
3411:
3400:, retrieved
3390:
3373:
3340:
3320:
3307:, retrieved
3287:
3268:
3249:
3240:
3222:
3194:
3183:, retrieved
3168:
3158:
3149:
3128:
3110:
3091:
3079:, retrieved
3059:
3037:
3027:
3012:, retrieved
2992:
2980:, retrieved
2960:
2951:Bibliography
2943:, p. 48
2940:
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2913:
2904:
2894:24 September
2892:. Retrieved
2878:
2868:24 September
2866:. Retrieved
2852:
2833:
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2780:
2768:
2756:
2744:
2739:, p. 83
2732:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2684:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2595:Hibbert 1959
2590:
2578:
2566:
2557:
2530:
2518:
2511:Hibbert 1959
2506:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2398:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2337:
2313:. Retrieved
2304:
2280:
2268:
2256:
2244:
2237:Hibbert 1959
2232:
2225:Hibbert 1959
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2153:Hibbert 1959
2148:
2136:
2124:
2102:Hibbert 1959
2097:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1952:the original
1942:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1761:
1757:Quiberon Bay
1736:
1717:
1708:
1692:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1650:James Murray
1643:
1635:
1620:
1617:
1606:
1589:
1585:
1560:
1556:
1514:
1497:
1477:
1451:William Howe
1448:
1436:
1404:
1388:2 field guns
1369:(deep order)
1358:
1357:
1331:
1330:
1327:2 field guns
1304:
1303:
1293:
1269:
1268:
1238:
1237:
1210:James Murray
1202:
1201:
1172:
1171:
1135:
1134:
1112:
1107:British Army
1106:
1105:
1091:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1021:
1000:Bougainville
992:
988:
977:Preparations
968:
964:
952:
909:
880:
851:
845:and General
843:de Vaudreuil
816:
810:
792:
765:
738:
688:
684:
682:
630:
616:Fort Niagara
450:350 captured
355:
327:James Murray
316:William Howe
269:
157:Belligerents
70:
56:Part of the
43:
32:
3846:Quebec (TE)
3695:Saint-Ămile
3555:Quebec City
3498:(1924 film)
3225:, Rutgers,
3038:Quebec 1759
2550:Eccles 1969
2463:Eccles 1972
2415:Eccles 1972
2348:25 February
2315:25 February
2189:Eccles 1969
2165:Eccles 1969
2129:Eccles 1969
2030:Eccles 1972
2001:Eccles 1972
1965:Eccles 1969
1860:Thomas Gray
1582:(1869â1951)
1539:), and 140
1453:with fixed
1407:Cap Diamant
1143:James Wolfe
1097:James Wolfe
1029:Cap Diamant
996:Montmorency
947:Point Levis
905:bombardment
897:Point Levis
853:James Wolfe
835:Ohio Valley
797:" of 1759.
761:musket ball
745:James Wolfe
636:St. Francis
557:Fort Oswego
547:Lake George
448:600 wounded
446:116 killed
443:600 wounded
264:James Wolfe
237:Potawatomis
132: /
33:Quebec 1759
3881:Categories
3808:Charlevoix
3705:Val-BĂ©lair
3670:Sainte-Foy
3655:Saint-Roch
3636:Old Quebec
3602:Laurentien
3309:18 October
3185:18 October
3081:18 October
3014:18 October
2982:18 October
2761:Lloyd 1959
2749:Lloyd 1959
2695:12 October
2607:Lloyd 1959
2391:Lloyd 1959
2249:Lloyd 1959
2117:Lloyd 1959
1989:Hayes 2002
1892:References
1772:New France
1749:laid siege
1548:irregulars
1544:volunteers
1423:streambank
1305:Right Wing
1239:Left Flank
1173:Right Wing
1113:En potence
1039:Sutherland
922:, Colonel
892:fire ships
883:James Cook
872:fire ships
827:Louisbourg
730:New France
646:2nd Quebec
641:Sainte-Foy
631:1st Quebec
441:58 killed
120:71°13âČ12âłW
117:46°48âČ05âłN
108:New France
3767:See also:
3685:Cap-Rouge
3660:Maizerets
3625:Districts
3604:(defunct)
3402:24 August
3382:608153555
2796:1 January
2773:Reid 2003
2737:Reid 2003
2714:mausoleum
2646:, p. 186
2631:Reid 2003
2619:Reid 2003
2571:Reid 2003
2523:Reid 2003
2499:Reid 2003
2475:Reid 2003
2403:Reid 2003
2387:Reid 2003
2375:Reid 2003
2201:Reid 2003
2141:Reid 2003
2090:Reid 2003
1977:Reid 2003
1935:Snow 2009
1720:Saunders'
1689:Aftermath
1638:28th Foot
1568:gristmill
1563:horseshoe
1431:Vaudreuil
1411:Cap Rouge
1359:Left Wing
1270:Colonials
1136:Main Line
1037:HMS
1004:Cap-Rouge
912:defeatism
901:artillery
778:, France
552:Fort Bull
427:3,400 men
294:John Knox
3833:Portneuf
3737:Enclaves
3591:Beauport
3563:Boroughs
3396:archived
3372:(1884),
3303:archived
3148:(1959),
3075:archived
3057:(1969),
3025:(1905),
3008:archived
2976:archived
2918:Archived
2914:BBC News
2888:Archived
2862:Archived
2841:Archived
2790:Archived
2721:Archived
2689:Archived
2342:Archived
2309:Archived
1870:See also
1782:and the
1732:pack ice
1552:regulars
1481:Saunders
1455:bayonets
1379:Montréal
1318:Montréal
1008:Beauport
928:redoubts
857:officers
847:Montcalm
801:Overview
753:Canadian
663:Montreal
626:Beauport
419:Strength
229:Maliseet
95:Location
3866:Wendake
3754:Wendake
3675:Sillery
3503:YouTube
2924:15 July
1541:Acadian
1525:cavalry
1521:militia
1393:Landing
1385:Militia
1324:Militia
1057:opiates
934:to the
870:French
817:As the
786:in the
726:Britain
713:plateau
709:theatre
356:†
270:†
233:Abenaki
225:Mi'kmaq
3723:Quebec
3665:Vanier
3418:
3380:
3358:
3347:
3329:
3295:
3276:
3256:
3229:
3201:
3176:
3135:
3117:
3099:
3067:
3044:
3000:
2968:
1840:Trivia
1790:Legacy
1654:swords
1535:under
1519:, and
1466:Battle
1439:convoy
1427:Coulée
1425:, the
1334:under
1332:Centre
1322:Québec
1241:under
1205:under
1203:Centre
1175:under
1138:under
839:Indian
749:column
734:Canada
722:France
693:French
352:
266:
245:Wendat
204:France
201:
169:
145:Result
104:Quebec
3470:, by
3278:60356
1533:Odawa
1082:1759.
811:circa
780:ceded
741:siege
542:Frogs
241:Odawa
3416:ISBN
3404:2017
3378:OCLC
3356:ISBN
3345:ISBN
3327:ISBN
3311:2020
3293:ISBN
3274:OCLC
3254:ISBN
3227:ISBN
3199:ISBN
3187:2020
3174:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3115:ISBN
3097:ISBN
3083:2020
3065:ISBN
3042:ISBN
3016:2020
2998:ISBN
2984:2020
2966:ISBN
2926:2017
2896:2018
2870:2018
2798:2020
2697:2018
2350:2020
2317:2020
1862:'s â
1846:myth
1613:47th
1611:and
1609:43rd
1409:and
1381:and
1320:and
813:1776
724:and
683:The
87:Date
3800:in
3501:on
1711:by
3883::
3642:,
3638:,
3362:)
3301:,
3073:,
3006:,
2974:,
2912:.
2886:.
2860:.
2818:^
2716:.
2683:.
2542:^
2340:.
2336:.
2325:^
2307:.
2303:.
2292:^
2109:^
2020:^
1925:^
1913:^
1899:^
1786:.
1701:.
1554:.
1462:.
1103:.
1023:L'
907:.
863:.
790:.
736:.
695::
106:,
102:,
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3804::
3681:)
3677:(
3646:)
3634:(
3542:e
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3528:v
3207:.
2928:.
2898:.
2872:.
2800:.
2699:.
2352:.
2319:.
1131:)
691:(
513:e
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499:v
41:.
20:)
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