142:
113:
37:
714:. During the night, Skanderbeg's army marched through a severe storm, hoping to surprise the Turks. Near Tetovo Skanderbeg's force met an opposing Ottoman force of 14,000 men led by Ibrahim Pasha, one of Skanderbeg's old friends during his service in the Ottoman army. Skanderbeg ordered the march to halt and made plans to retreat into the Mokra valley, hoping to entice his opponent into a trap. But Ibrahim did not follow and instead bivouacked on the field of
131:
102:
1803:
737:
Skanderbeg's doubts soon faded and he made plans for an attack on his enemy's camp. On 22 April, despite the storms, Skanderbeg launched a swift cavalry attack which broke into the enemy camp causing disorder and chaos. Skanderbeg confronted
Ibrahim and challenged him to a personal duel. Skanderbeg
702:; in the Treaty of Gaeta signed in 1451, Skanderbeg became a vassal of Alfonso in return for financial and military aid for his ongoing war with the Turks. In the winter of 1452, Skanderbeg made plans for his offensive and thus received much-needed artillery and arquebuses from Alfonso.
698:. The fortress was vital to his strategic defense of Albania as it guarded one of the main mountain passes into the country from Macedonia. He, therefore, made efforts to regain it with the help of
206:
682:
by a force which was planning to invade
Albania led by his old friend Ibrahim Pasha. The force was quickly destroyed and Skanderbeg's army proceeded its looting before returning to
860:
919:
199:
758:
lost 10,000 men, while the
Albanians lost 300. According to Francione, the Turks left behind 3,000 dead. Skanderbeg's army continued fighting before returning to
192:
887:
1677:
1639:
912:
725:
proposed making a night attack but
Skanderbeg was reluctant since a powerful storm was sweeping through, making it difficult to launch an attack;
403:
410:
674:
to devastate the country surrounding
Svetigrad and to lure the garrison into a trap. While implementing this, he was stopped in the fields of
1844:
478:
1849:
905:
485:
471:
1336:
28:
1864:
975:
1385:
529:
522:
1037:
399:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1343:
1859:
1703:
968:
467:
1834:
1682:
963:
582:
878:
1263:
538:
1298:
980:
936:
343:
1375:
323:
291:
1829:
1380:
1331:
1027:
670:
made plans to recapture
Svetigrad, which had been lost in 1448. His strategy involved launching an invasion of
639:
574:
518:
451:
307:
1042:
1032:
1093:
739:
1750:
1321:
1219:
1108:
839:
784:
459:
1854:
1624:
1047:
1199:
1022:
315:
1410:
1405:
1305:
1017:
958:
695:
566:
375:
333:
1098:
738:
came out victorious and beheaded his opponent. His head was placed on a pike in a manner similar to
510:
36:
1806:
1687:
985:
299:
259:
1273:
1268:
1258:
616:
546:
391:
1839:
1607:
1602:
1288:
1158:
1133:
1128:
1010:
1000:
995:
990:
663:
608:
435:
383:
275:
1415:
1189:
1118:
1103:
763:
359:
1762:
1708:
1280:
427:
267:
1204:
1784:
1769:
1713:
1392:
1370:
1214:
722:
1179:
1138:
367:
8:
1779:
1730:
1487:
1234:
1194:
1184:
721:
In the
Albanian camp, battleplans were being made while the Turkish camp remained quiet.
699:
1527:
1774:
1757:
1725:
1537:
1532:
1492:
1477:
1427:
1153:
1063:
1005:
711:
671:
443:
351:
1209:
1073:
105:
1547:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1482:
1365:
1239:
1224:
897:
874:
226:
1088:
1572:
1557:
1507:
1293:
1163:
1113:
1083:
1078:
1068:
624:
502:
251:
147:
283:
1718:
1629:
1619:
1577:
1542:
1517:
1465:
1442:
1397:
1148:
1123:
726:
494:
243:
184:
74:
892:
Comentario de le cose de' Turchi, et del S. Georgio
Scanderbeg, principe d' Epyr
1740:
1612:
1567:
1562:
1470:
1229:
755:
659:
141:
117:
112:
70:
1823:
751:
600:
1353:
235:
1422:
742:'s execution and upon being informed, the Turkish troops quickly fled.
667:
134:
130:
101:
1745:
1735:
1437:
1358:
1348:
1326:
655:
1432:
870:
679:
66:
759:
715:
683:
675:
62:
718:. This maneuver blocked further incursions into Macedonia.
844:(1 ed.). Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH. p. 90.
789:(1 ed.). Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH. p. 90.
927:
862:
Skënderbeu, një hero modern : (Hero multimedial)
762:. The same year, the Byzantine Empire fell after the
214:
859:Francione, Gennaro (2006) . Aliaj, Donika (ed.).
1821:
869:] (in Albanian). Translated by Tasim Aliaj.
824:
822:
820:
798:
796:
913:
710:In the spring of 1453, Skanderbeg moved into
200:
867:Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)
817:
810:
808:
793:
1683:Ottoman – Albanian nobility
920:
906:
837:
782:
694:Skanderbeg lost Svetigrad in 1448 after a
207:
193:
1337:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
858:
805:
1822:
901:
188:
1845:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
838:Buda, Aleks; Lloshi, Xhevat (1985).
783:Buda, Aleks; Lloshi, Xhevat (1985).
592:Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra
41:16th century engraving by Jost Amman
873:: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri".
13:
1850:Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire
928:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire
894:. Venice: Altobello Salkato, 1480.
14:
1876:
29:Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479)
1802:
1801:
140:
129:
111:
100:
35:
1865:Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror
831:
776:
216:Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars
1:
1033:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
852:
689:
841:Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar
786:Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar
745:
225:Early Ottoman invasions and
7:
1344:Declaration of Independence
10:
1881:
1860:1453 in the Ottoman Empire
705:
519:Ballaban's fourth Campaign
400:Mehmed II's first Campaign
16:1453 battle in the Balkans
1835:Battles involving Albania
1797:
1696:
1638:
1595:
1588:
1455:
1314:
1248:
1172:
1056:
1048:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion
951:
944:
933:
732:
636:
557:Contemporaneous Campaigns
222:
170:
157:
123:
94:
45:
34:
26:
21:
1299:1912 – 13
1294:1478 – 79
1274:1477 – 78
1264:1466 – 67
986:1843 – 44
981:1432 – 36
769:
740:Władysław III of Poland
664:Alfonso the Magnanimous
1704:Bosnia and Herzegovina
959:Skanderbeg's rebellion
764:fall of Constantinople
666:, the Albanian leader
640:Wars involving Albania
334:Skanderbeg's Rebellion
124:Commanders and leaders
1830:Warfare by Skanderbeg
1023:Ali Pasha's Rebellion
1018:Albanian–Venetian War
654:was the result of an
171:Casualties and losses
1393:Partition of Albania
1322:Albanian Renaissance
1038:Mehmed II's campaign
723:Moisi Arianit Golemi
696:two-month-long siege
662:territory. Aided by
260:Bayezid I's Campaign
1028:Ballaban's campaign
969:Macedonian campaign
700:Alfonso V of Aragon
575:Dukagjini Civil War
468:Macedonian Campaign
146:Ibrahim Pasha
964:Italian expedition
729:supported Moisiu.
583:Italian Expedition
1855:Conflicts in 1453
1815:
1814:
1793:
1792:
1451:
1450:
828:Francione p. 108.
802:Francione p. 107.
647:
646:
629:
621:
613:
605:
596:
587:
579:
571:
562:
551:
543:
534:
527:
515:
507:
499:
490:
483:
476:
464:
456:
448:
440:
432:
424:
415:
408:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
339:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
183:
182:
90:
89:
1872:
1805:
1804:
1593:
1592:
976:Albanian revolts
949:
948:
922:
915:
908:
899:
898:
888:Franco, Demetrio
884:
846:
845:
835:
829:
826:
815:
812:
803:
800:
791:
790:
780:
627:
619:
611:
603:
594:
585:
577:
569:
560:
549:
541:
532:
525:
513:
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497:
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462:
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446:
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318:
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270:
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238:
230:
217:
209:
202:
195:
186:
185:
152:
145:
144:
133:
116:
115:
104:
86:Albanian victory
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1789:
1692:
1634:
1584:
1447:
1443:Vithkuqi script
1428:Skanderbeg myth
1402:Principalities
1386:North Macedonia
1310:
1244:
1168:
1052:
940:
929:
926:
881:
871:Tiranë, Albania
855:
850:
849:
836:
832:
827:
818:
813:
806:
801:
794:
781:
777:
772:
748:
735:
727:Hamza Kastrioti
708:
692:
658:incursion into
652:Battle of Polog
648:
643:
632:
324:Arianiti Revolt
308:Albanian Revolt
218:
215:
213:
148:
139:
110:
106:League of Lezhë
78:
75:North Macedonia
40:
22:Battle of Polog
17:
12:
11:
5:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:1453 in Europe
1837:
1832:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1751:Western Thrace
1748:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
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1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
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1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
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1413:
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1356:
1346:
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1309:
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1008:
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983:
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946:
942:
941:
934:
931:
930:
925:
924:
917:
910:
902:
896:
895:
885:
879:
854:
851:
848:
847:
830:
816:
814:Franco p. 317.
804:
792:
774:
773:
771:
768:
747:
744:
734:
731:
707:
704:
691:
688:
645:
644:
637:
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633:
631:
630:
622:
614:
606:
589:
588:
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572:
553:
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508:
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465:
457:
449:
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389:
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365:
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349:
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305:
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173:
172:
168:
167:
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159:
155:
154:
137:
126:
125:
121:
120:
118:Ottoman Empire
108:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
71:Ottoman Empire
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1877:
1866:
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1848:
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1825:
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1799:
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1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
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1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Grand Viziers
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
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1600:
1598:
1594:
1591:
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1559:
1556:
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1553:
1549:
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1544:
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1536:
1534:
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1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
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1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
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1436:
1434:
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1426:
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1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1396:
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1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
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1338:
1335:
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1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1300:
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1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:Congregations
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
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1127:
1125:
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1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
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1080:
1077:
1075:
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1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
977:
974:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
960:
957:
956:
954:
950:
947:
943:
939:
938:
932:
923:
918:
916:
911:
909:
904:
903:
900:
893:
889:
886:
882:
880:99927-38-75-8
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:
857:
856:
843:
842:
834:
825:
823:
821:
811:
809:
799:
797:
788:
787:
779:
775:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:Marin Barleti
750:According to
743:
741:
730:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
703:
701:
697:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
642:
641:
635:
626:
623:
618:
615:
610:
607:
602:
599:
598:
597:
593:
584:
581:
576:
573:
568:
565:
564:
563:
559:
558:
548:
545:
540:
537:
531:
524:
520:
517:
512:
509:
504:
501:
496:
493:
487:
480:
473:
469:
466:
461:
458:
453:
450:
445:
442:
437:
434:
429:
426:
421:
418:
412:
405:
401:
398:
393:
390:
385:
382:
377:
374:
369:
366:
361:
358:
353:
350:
345:
342:
341:
340:
336:
335:
325:
322:
317:
316:Muzaka Revolt
314:
309:
306:
301:
300:Kastrioti War
298:
293:
290:
285:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
250:
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178:
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169:
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99:
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93:
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81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
53:22 April 1453
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1817:
1673:20th century
1668:19th century
1663:18th century
1658:17th century
1653:16th century
1648:15th century
1608:Islamization
1366:Mësonjëtorja
1354:Bashi-Bazouk
1315:Other events
1143:
1043:Morea revolt
935:
891:
866:
861:
840:
833:
785:
778:
749:
736:
720:
709:
693:
651:
649:
638:
591:
590:
567:Venetian War
556:
555:
554:
419:
332:
331:
276:Zenevisi War
224:
179:3,000-10,000
149:
95:Belligerents
73:(modern day
1697:Communities
1371:Nationalism
1332:Balkan Wars
1220:Manastir II
595:(1468–1479)
561:(1447–1462)
338:(1443–1468)
231:(1385–1443)
1824:Categories
1613:Bektashism
1423:Rum Millet
1215:Manastir I
937:Background
853:References
690:Background
668:Skanderbeg
292:Muzaka War
135:Skanderbeg
1763:Arbëreshë
1746:Souliotes
1736:Arvanites
1554:Vilayets
1478:Pashaliks
1456:Geography
1438:Stratioti
1411:Kastrioti
1406:Dukagjini
1359:Devshirme
1349:Janissary
1327:Armatoles
1306:Svetigrad
1134:Oranik II
1094:Martinići
952:Rebellion
746:Aftermath
712:Macedonia
672:Macedonia
628:(1478–79)
620:(1477–78)
604:(1473–79)
586:(1460–62)
578:(1456–57)
570:(1447–48)
542:(1466–67)
376:Svetigrad
344:Svetigrad
319:(1437–38)
311:(1432–36)
303:(1428–30)
295:(1415–17)
279:(1414–18)
1807:Category
1719:Arbanasi
1709:Bulgaria
1625:Nobility
1573:Manastir
1538:Monastir
1533:Ioannina
1499:Sanjaks
1466:Ioannina
1462:Eyalets
1285:Shkodër
1190:Dukagjin
1154:Torvioll
1129:Oranik I
1109:Mokra II
1064:Albulena
756:Ottomans
656:Albanian
444:Albulena
352:Torvioll
158:Strength
58:Location
27:Part of
1785:Ukraine
1770:Romania
1714:Croatia
1596:Culture
1589:Society
1578:Scutari
1558:Albania
1548:Scutari
1523:Elbasan
1513:Delvina
1503:Albania
1488:Scutari
1471:Rumelia
1376:Albania
1240:Prizren
1235:Preveza
1200:Frashër
1195:Elbasan
1139:Otonetë
1119:Novšiće
1104:Mokra I
1057:Battles
945:History
706:Prelude
660:Ottoman
625:Shkodra
609:Shkodra
530:Kashari
404:Modrica
368:Otonetë
163:Unknown
150:†
65:, near
1780:Turkey
1731:Greece
1688:Pashas
1640:People
1630:Tribes
1568:Kosovo
1563:Janina
1528:Görice
1508:Avlona
1493:Yanina
1433:Spahiu
1416:Muzaka
1398:Piracy
1381:Kosovo
1255:Krujë
1249:Sieges
1164:Vaikal
1159:Ulcinj
1114:Murino
1084:Lopate
1079:Kosovo
1069:Ankara
877:
754:, the
733:Battle
680:Tetovo
612:(1474)
601:Himarë
550:(1467)
533:(1465)
526:(1465)
523:Vajkal
514:(1465)
506:(1465)
503:Vajkal
498:(1464)
489:(1462)
482:(1462)
479:Pollog
475:(1462)
463:(1462)
455:(1459)
447:(1457)
439:(1456)
436:Oranik
431:(1455)
423:(1453)
420:Pollog
414:(1452)
407:(1452)
395:(1450)
387:(1448)
384:Oranik
379:(1448)
371:(1446)
363:(1445)
355:(1444)
347:(1443)
327:(1443)
287:(1415)
271:(1395)
263:(1394)
255:(1389)
252:Kosovo
247:(1385)
239:(1375)
166:14,000
83:Result
67:Tetovo
1775:Syria
1758:Italy
1726:Egypt
1620:Kanun
1543:Ohrid
1518:Dibra
1483:Berat
1281:Berat
1210:Lezhë
1185:Dibra
1180:Dibër
1149:Savra
1144:Polog
1124:Ohrid
1099:Meçad
1074:Deçiq
865:[
770:Notes
760:Debar
716:Polog
684:Debar
678:near
676:Polog
617:Krujë
547:Krujë
539:Krujë
511:Meçad
495:Ohrid
486:Livad
472:Mokra
460:Mokra
428:Berat
411:Meçad
392:Krujë
360:Mokra
284:Krujë
268:Ohrid
244:Savra
236:Ohrid
63:Polog
1741:Cham
1603:Besa
1289:1474
1269:1467
1259:1450
1230:Peja
1205:Kuçi
1089:Lumë
1011:1912
1006:1911
1001:1910
996:1847
991:1845
875:ISBN
650:The
452:Sati
227:rule
50:Date
1225:Mat
176:300
1826::
890:.
819:^
807:^
795:^
766:.
686:.
528:•
484:•
477:•
409:•
69:,
921:e
914:t
907:v
883:.
535:)
521:(
491:)
470:(
416:)
402:(
208:e
201:t
194:v
77:)
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