37:
97:
257:, which corresponds to the site of Kırşehir) is a fictionalized mixture of the real first and second battles, a view shared also by John Forsyth in his 1977 critical edition of Yahya's chronicle in English. According to Catherine Holmes, Skylitzes' account, although doubtlessly embellished, probably relies on an actual source given its level of detail, but that in the end "adjudicating between these possibilities is all but impossible" and that the only certain thing is that the decisive final battle took place in March 979.
268:, generally accepted the account of John Skylitzes, with the decisive final battle between Skleros and Phokas at Pankaleia in March 979, sometimes labelled the "second" Battle of Pankaleia, depending on whether the first battle between the two generals near Amorium was also regarded as taking place at the same site. Modern scholars on the other hand have adopted a different reconstruction of events, with a first battle taking place at Pankaleia in June 978, a second battle some time at Basilika Therma in
109:
213:
on the other hand writes that the loyalist army under Bardas Phokas first encountered the army of
Skleros at Pankaleia and was defeated, but secured a decisive victory in a second battle at an unspecified location. Other authors provide some further details:
178:
Historical sources on the revolt of Bardas
Skleros differ on the sequence and location of the battles that ended it, one of which was fought at the plain of Pankaleia (Παγκάλεια), northeast of
222:
alludes to two battles, and gives the dates as 19 June 978 and 24 March 979 respectively. What is undisputed is that after his defeat, Skleros fled to his Arab ally, the
162:, which ultimately led to the defeat and exile of the latter. Sources are unclear in the succession and location of the events, so that while earlier scholars followed
241:
Based on
Georgian sources, P.M. Tarchnichvili suggested in 1964 that the victory of Phokas took place at a site called "Sarvenis" in Georgian, which he identified as
501:
History of the
Byzantine and Greek Empires, from DCCXVI to MCCCCLIII. Second Edition History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires, from DCCXVI to MCCCCLIII
667:
190:), and that it was in a third engagement at Pankaleia that Phokas triumphed. According to Skylitzes, Phokas had been reinforced with 12,000
687:
682:
672:
186:, written in the late 11th century, reports that Skleros won a first battle near Amorium, as well as a second at Basilika Therma (modern
662:
631:
610:
488:
551:
218:
also reports the duel of the two generals at the decisive battle, while the early 11th-century
Christian Arab historian
561:
520:
467:
458:
36:
572:
166:
in placing the Battle of
Pankaleia in March 979 as the decisive victory for loyalist forces, today, following
677:
272:
later in autumn/winter, and with the third and decisive battle taking place at
Sarvenis in March 979;
155:
130:
652:
113:
202:, but his army again began to give way. Phokas then charged towards Skleros and engaged him in
8:
187:
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253:, and that Skylitzes's third battle (who erroneously places Pankaleia near the river
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42:
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28:
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170:'s account, it is placed in June 978 and regarded as a defeat for Phokas.
537:(in German) (3rd ed.). Munich: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
254:
227:
605:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
269:
77:
580:
223:
151:
41:
Clash between the armies of
Skleros and Phokas, miniature from the
235:
179:
66:
462:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1571.
231:
430:
406:
623:
John
Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057
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was fought in 978 or 979 between the army loyal to the
477:
Cheynet, Jean-Claude; Vannier, Jean-François (1986).
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319:
343:
302:
281:
579:. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Archived from
483:(in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne.
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512:Basil II and the Governance of Empire (976–1025)
577:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor
476:
436:
238:, where he remained for the next seven years.
529:
412:
452:Brand, Charles M. (1991). "Pankaleia". In
35:
626:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
573:"Rebellion of Bardas Skleros, 976 - 979"
549:
325:
619:
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364:
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198:through his friendship with its ruler,
668:Battles involving the Byzantine Empire
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570:
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424:
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388:
376:
349:
313:
158:, and the forces of the rebel general
553:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
535:Geschichte des Byzantinischen Staates
515:. New York: Oxford University Press.
451:
296:
174:Sources and reconstruction of events
688:Battles involving Georgia (country)
504:. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and sons.
13:
683:History of Afyonkarahisar Province
673:Civil wars of the Byzantine Empire
459:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
230:, and thence sought refuge in the
14:
699:
602:The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025
65:Plain of Pankaleia, northeast of
107:
95:
1:
275:
209:The late 10th-century writer
663:970s in the Byzantine Empire
7:
620:Wortley, John, ed. (2010).
29:Rebellion of Bardas Skleros
10:
704:
509:Holmes, Catherine (2005).
445:
437:Cheynet & Vannier 1986
550:Rayfield, Donald (2013).
156:Bardas Phokas the Younger
131:Bardas Phokas the Younger
124:
88:
48:
34:
26:
21:
480:Études Prosopographiques
498:Finlay, George (1856).
260:Earlier scholars, like
114:Kingdom of the Iberians
125:Commanders and leaders
571:Stouraitis, Ioannis.
678:Battles of Basil II
427:, pp. 264–265.
403:, pp. 429–430.
391:, pp. 454–456.
379:, pp. 453–454.
340:, pp. 308–310.
145:Battle of Pankaleia
22:Battle of Pankaleia
556:. Reaktion Books.
531:Ostrogorsky, Georg
454:Kazhdan, Alexander
266:George Ostrogorsky
633:978-0-521-76705-7
612:978-0-520-20496-6
490:978-2-85944-110-4
182:. The history of
149:Byzantine emperor
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103:Byzantine Empire
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43:Madrid Skylitzes
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243:Aquae Saravenae
216:Michael Psellos
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154:, commanded by
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40:
17:
16:Medieval battle
12:
11:
5:
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653:970s conflicts
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563:978-1780230702
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415:, p. 248.
405:
393:
381:
369:
367:, p. 365.
354:
352:, p. 265.
342:
330:
318:
316:, p. 453.
301:
279:
277:
274:
211:Leo the Deacon
184:John Skylitzes
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168:Leo the Deacon
164:John Skylitzes
160:Bardas Skleros
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136:Bardas Skleros
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119:Bardas Skleros
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597:Whittow, Mark
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469:0-19-504652-8
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439:, p. 28.
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585:. Retrieved
581:the original
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365:Whittow 1996
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338:Wortley 2010
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249:), north of
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208:
177:
144:
142:
89:Belligerents
425:Holmes 2005
401:Finlay 1856
389:Holmes 2005
377:Holmes 2005
350:Holmes 2005
314:Holmes 2005
228:Abu Taghlib
647:Categories
297:Brand 1991
276:References
270:Charsianon
56:978 or 979
543:301446486
234:court in
200:David III
78:Byzantine
599:(1996).
587:21 March
533:(1963).
251:Caesarea
247:Kırşehir
245:(modern
224:Hamdanid
192:Georgian
188:Sarıkaya
152:Basil II
61:Location
27:Part of
456:(ed.).
446:Sources
236:Baghdad
180:Amorium
80:victory
67:Amorium
630:
609:
560:
541:
519:
487:
466:
100:
74:Result
255:Halys
232:Buyid
226:emir
628:ISBN
607:ISBN
589:2014
558:ISBN
539:OCLC
517:ISBN
485:ISBN
464:ISBN
264:and
143:The
53:Date
658:978
196:Tao
649::
575:.
357:^
304:^
283:^
636:.
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493:.
472:.
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