1510:
1301:
111:
39:
241:
222:
194:
178:
162:
151:
134:
97:
211:
123:
1214:
1420:
1322:
1448:
1406:
1392:
1336:
1378:
1350:
1364:
1434:
1308:
1496:
The morning of 6 July began with heavy rain, which delayed the French until after 10:00; they formed two columns, reaching La Marfée an hour later. On arrival, Châtillon found his artillery, which consisted of four light guns, was in the rear, and so rather than waiting, sent his infantry into the
1500:
The
Spanish initially gave ground, before the French ran into point blank artillery fire, and fell back. As they did so, Bouillon charged the French right; their commander, the Marquis de Praslin, was killed and his troops dissolved in panic, riding over their own infantry, who also broke. The
1264:
in 1638, but by 1641 it was largely composed of low quality troops. All sides found it increasingly difficult to recruit and support armies on multiple fronts, so even a minor intervention could make a difference. Olivares planned simultaneous uprisings under
Soissons in
1280:
to invest Sedan; Châtillon objected, claiming to have less than 6,000 infantry and 1,400 cavalry, when he needed at least 8,000 infantry and 2,500 cavalry, plus a reserve force of 4,000 under
Marquis de Sourdis. In response to requests for support from Soissons,
1542:
Soissons died at the end of the action, apparently when a loaded pistol he was using to raise his helmet visor went off. Although his death ended the conspiracy, La Marfée prevented Châtillon's army supporting the French offensive in
1493:, taking position around the village of La Marfée, where they were joined by Lamboy. The Spanish infantry deployed in a nearby wood under Lamboy, with Bouillon's cavalry on flat ground to their left, and Soissons with the reserve.
697:
1028:
707:
657:
302:
979:
1574:
Plots against
Richelieu continued until his death in December 1642, the most serious being that known as 'Cinq Mars' in June 1642. This featured many of those involved with Soissons, including
1461:
964:
959:
949:
1501:
cavalry on the left held their ground and retired in good order, but the battle was over in less than 45 minutes. The French lost 4,000 prisoners, plus their artillery and baggage train.
1233:. The two men were known as the 'Princes of Peace', since they claimed Richelieu was deliberately continuing the war in order to retain power; since 1637, they had been based in the
880:
988:
885:
567:
1023:
388:
453:
1513:
1242:
1105:
245:
732:
1047:
875:
458:
712:
1057:
905:
890:
855:
535:
510:
468:
423:
408:
378:
363:
295:
418:
759:
647:
602:
577:
637:
597:
2143:
910:
900:
860:
801:
769:
727:
722:
717:
662:
1111:
The French army collapsed, but
Soissons was killed in the closing moments, allegedly by using a loaded pistol to open his helmet, and the opportunity quickly passed.
954:
915:
895:
870:
826:
816:
796:
774:
744:
687:
677:
632:
607:
582:
540:
520:
448:
438:
1300:
969:
865:
821:
702:
672:
667:
622:
806:
764:
652:
617:
478:
288:
850:
592:
682:
749:
473:
1246:
463:
779:
552:
433:
1194:, plotting continued, led by a mix of Huguenot exiles, and great feudal lords who resented their loss of power. Backed by Spanish money, some went to
488:
443:
2118:
1249:, Bouillon was brought up as a Protestant, and served with the Dutch army, before converting to Catholicism in 1634 and becoming a French general.
428:
1579:
2069:
2108:
1222:
2138:
1286:
1097:
215:
1599:
1042:
2133:
1509:
1282:
998:
1609:, Bouillon and Turenne joined forces to demand his release. Both switched sides in 1650, and in return for ceding Sedan and
1226:
2057:
2038:
2001:
1982:
1915:
1896:
1078:
312:
2113:
1934:
1868:
1003:
811:
493:
30:
557:
1536:
515:
1285:, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, supplied him with money to recruit mercenaries, plus 7,000 men under
1483:
1101:
784:
226:
572:
1602:, victor of Rocroi, a member of the royal family, and effective ruler of large parts of eastern France.
38:
2128:
1168:
1037:
1013:
530:
413:
343:
1575:
1207:
1203:
1052:
692:
612:
993:
1523:, where they rallied the fugitives. Charles of Lorraine now joined Lamboy, who stopped to capture
2123:
1474:, but they were dislodged by cannon fire from the town. Châtillon moved further up the Meuse, to
1230:
1191:
627:
525:
1527:, north of Sedan; this held them up until 14 July, allowing Châtillon and his remnants to reach
1182:
For their part, Spain and
Austria financed Huguenot rebellions in South-Western France, and the
1277:
1093:
937:
642:
505:
155:
2013:
Histoire de l'ancienne principauté de Sedan, jusqu'à la fin du dix-huitième siècle, Volume II
1266:
1234:
1221:
Facing French-backed revolts in
Catalonia and Portugal, in early 1641 Spanish chief minister
791:
383:
358:
353:
587:
1532:
1253:
1199:
1164:
920:
754:
398:
373:
1555:
on 27 July, Lamboy was sent north, where he joined the
Cardinal-Infante; they re-captured
8:
1622:
1587:
1560:
1548:
1140:
1018:
1008:
368:
348:
333:
1961:
1475:
1187:
932:
1618:
1590:, a Regency Council ruling in his name. This resulted in a power struggle between the
2053:
2034:
1997:
1978:
1930:
1911:
1892:
1864:
1257:
1238:
1176:
1156:
1136:
1128:
1124:
974:
240:
221:
193:
177:
161:
150:
133:
116:
102:
1944:
Jensen, De Lamar (1985). "The
Ottoman Turks in Sixteenth Century French Diplomacy".
1470:
On 25 June, the French occupied positions opposite Sedan on the eastern bank of the
1953:
1595:
1583:
1160:
1120:
1082:
403:
230:
199:
183:
167:
1144:
1591:
1552:
1276:
Richelieu was advised of the plot well in advance, and in April 1641, he ordered
1172:
562:
500:
338:
280:
1614:
1132:
483:
127:
2102:
2084:
2071:
1089:
68:
1489:
Soissons and
Bouillon left Sedan on 5 July with 3,000 French volunteers and
1586:
in May 1643, Louis XIII died, and was succeeded by his five year old son,
1564:
64:
1559:, then besieged Aire. In an attempt to relieve the town, the French took
1202:; English foreign policy was generally pro-Spanish, but his wife was the
1186:, as well as internal conspiracies against the French government, led by
1726:
1183:
1965:
1152:
838:
1519:
Châtillon, several of his senior officers, and 200 cavalry stopped at
1479:
1957:
1626:
2022:
Les Mémoires de Jacques de Chastenet, Seigneur de Puysegur Volume I
1630:
1610:
1544:
1524:
1490:
1261:
1213:
1994:
Richelieu's Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624–1642
1908:
Richelieu and Olivares (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History)
1568:
1556:
1270:
1606:
1520:
1465:
Eastern France, 1634 to 1644 (major battles indicated by dates)
1195:
1148:
1889:
The Count-Duke of Olivares: The Statesman in an Age of Decline
1119:
17th century Europe was dominated by the struggle between the
1528:
1471:
210:
122:
2031:
French Armies of the Thirty Years War (Soldiers of the Past)
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1582:, who was executed. Shortly before the French victory at
1765:
1755:
1753:
1690:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1106:
Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon
1924:
1789:
1777:
1732:
1642:
43:
French rebel leader Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons
1925:
Huberty, Michel; Giraud, Alain; Magdelaine, F (1985).
1813:
1801:
1159:(see Map). France supported Habsburg opponents in the
1837:
1825:
1750:
1714:
1678:
1661:
1077:, took place on 6 July 1641, during the 1635 to 1659
1738:
1702:
2050:
Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War
1092:, on 6 July 1641, between a French army led by the
1975:Cultural Exchange in Early Modern Europe 1400–1700
1482:. Here he waited for promised reinforcements from
310:
2100:
1605:When Condé was arrested during the 1648 to 1653
1269:, with another in the south-western province of
1478:, with Lamboy's troops on the opposite bank at
1927:L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome IV -- Wittelsbach
1139:. Habsburg possessions bordered France in the
2144:Battles of the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
1880:Batailles françaises, 1621 to 1643 Volume III
296:
1096:, and an Imperial-Spanish army commanded by
1977:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
1571:, but Aire surrendered on 7 December.
1419:
303:
289:
2024:(in French). Amsterdam: Abraham Wolfgang.
1877:
1771:
1655:
2019:
1795:
1508:
1321:
1212:
1100:, supported by French rebels led by the
93:
2119:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
2020:Puységur, Jacques de Chastenet (1690).
1991:
1905:
1886:
1858:
1843:
1819:
1759:
1720:
1684:
1672:
1447:
2101:
2047:
2010:
1972:
1943:
1882:(in French). Paris: Ernest Flammarion.
1831:
1783:
1744:
1708:
1696:
1405:
2028:
1807:
1733:Huberty, Giraud & Magdelaine 1985
1283:Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria
284:
16:1641 battle of the Franco-Spanish War
2015:(in French). Sedan: Servier, Hennuy.
1391:
1613:, Bouillon received the duchies of
1335:
13:
1377:
547:Northern Spain and Southern France
14:
2155:
2139:History of Ardennes (department)
2109:Battles of the Thirty Years' War
1446:
1432:
1418:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1306:
1299:
239:
220:
209:
192:
176:
160:
149:
132:
121:
109:
95:
37:
1996:. Cambridge University Press.
1910:. Cambridge University Press.
1363:
1192:rebellion was defeated in 1632
260:7,000 infantry, 2,500 cavalry
257:6,000 infantry, 1,400 cavalry
1:
2134:Military history of Grand Est
1946:The Sixteenth Century Journal
1433:
1307:
1292:
1114:
1504:
1245:; like his younger brother,
1204:younger sister of Louis XIII
1081:, a related conflict of the
328:Flanders and Northern France
31:Franco-Spanish War (1635–59)
7:
2033:. Histoire et Collections.
10:
2160:
1852:
1535:, and a small force under
270:200–300 killed or wounded
1891:. Yale University Press.
1878:De Périni, Hardÿ (1898).
1861:Pierre le Gros, 1666-1719
1859:Bissell, Gerhard (1997).
1273:that never materialised.
1208:War of the Three Kingdoms
845:Franche-Comté and Germany
324:
264:
251:
142:
87:
47:
36:
28:
23:
2114:Battles involving France
2029:Thion, Stephane (2013).
2011:Peyran, Jacques (1826).
1973:Monter, William (1999).
1929:(in French). Laballery.
1636:
708:Villefranche-de-Conflent
166:Marquis de Praslin
79:Imperial-Spanish victory
1992:Parrott, David (2001).
1621:, plus the counties of
1486:, which never arrived.
1241:. This was held by the
1206:, and the 1638 to 1651
1198:, seeking support from
2048:Wilson, Peter (2009).
1516:
1225:switched focus to the
1218:
1167:, and insurgencies in
143:Commanders and leaders
1512:
1235:Principality of Sedan
1216:
658:San Lorenzo de Mongay
265:Casualties and losses
198:Marquis Sourdis
1906:Elliott, JH (1984).
1887:Elliott, JH (1989).
1580:Marquis de Cinq-Mars
1462:class=notpageimage|
1073:, also known as the
2081: /
1699:, pp. 451–470.
1547:as intended. After
1491:Walloon mercenaries
1484:Charles of Lorraine
1252:The French Army of
1237:, then part of the
1190:. Although a major
1141:Spanish Netherlands
1098:Guillaume de Lamboy
1088:It was fought near
1071:Battle of La Marfée
698:Castelló d'Empúries
216:Guillaume de Lamboy
24:Battle of La Marfée
2085:49.7025°N 4.9411°E
1735:, pp. 73, 88.
1633:on 9 August 1652.
1517:
1476:Remilly-Aillicourt
1426:Philipsburg (1644)
1219:
1188:Cardinal Richelieu
1079:Franco-Spanish War
965:3rd Lérins Islands
960:2nd Lérins Islands
950:1st Lérins Islands
314:Franco-Spanish War
2129:Conflicts in 1641
1810:, pp. 27–28.
1786:, pp. 82–83.
1576:Gaston of Orléans
1239:Holy Roman Empire
1231:Henri II de Guise
1227:Comte de Soissons
1137:Holy Roman Empire
1102:Comte de Soissons
1094:Duke of Châtillon
1066:
1065:
833:France hinterland
279:
278:
227:Comte de Soissons
117:Holy Roman Empire
83:
82:
2151:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2063:
2044:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1988:
1969:
1940:
1921:
1902:
1883:
1874:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1596:Cardinal Mazarin
1531:. Here they met
1450:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1408:
1407:
1394:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1352:
1351:
1338:
1337:
1328:Thionville(1639)
1324:
1323:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1217:France 1552-1798
1161:Thirty Years War
1083:Thirty Years War
788:
497:
319:
315:
305:
298:
291:
282:
281:
244:
243:
235:
225:
224:
214:
213:
204:
197:
196:
188:
181:
180:
172:
165:
164:
156:Duc de Châtillon
154:
153:
137:
136:
126:
125:
115:
113:
112:
105:
101:
99:
98:
49:
48:
41:
21:
20:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2099:
2098:
2090:49.7025; 4.9411
2089:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2041:
2004:
1985:
1958:10.2307/2541220
1937:
1918:
1899:
1871:
1855:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1662:
1654:
1643:
1639:
1619:Château-Thierry
1594:, supported by
1553:Aire-sur-la-Lys
1514:Duc de Bouillon
1507:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:La Marfée(1641)
1451:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1295:
1243:duc de Bouillon
1117:
1075:Battle of Sedan
1067:
1062:
886:Lons-le-Saunier
782:
491:
389:Aire-sur-la-Lys
320:
317:
313:
311:
309:
272:4,000 captured
271:
246:Duc de Bouillon
238:
237:
231:
219:
218:
208:
200:
191:
190:
184:
175:
174:
168:
159:
158:
148:
131:
130:
120:
119:
110:
108:
96:
94:
71:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2157:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:1641 in France
2121:
2116:
2111:
2065:
2064:
2059:978-0713995923
2058:
2052:. Allen Lane.
2045:
2040:978-2917747018
2039:
2026:
2017:
2008:
2003:978-0521792097
2002:
1989:
1984:978-0521845472
1983:
1970:
1952:(4): 451–470.
1941:
1935:
1922:
1917:978-0521262057
1916:
1903:
1898:978-0300044997
1897:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1834:, p. 118.
1824:
1822:, p. 150.
1812:
1800:
1798:, p. 203.
1788:
1776:
1774:, p. 297.
1772:De Périni 1898
1764:
1762:, p. 148.
1749:
1747:, p. 664.
1737:
1725:
1723:, p. 146.
1713:
1711:, p. 663.
1701:
1689:
1687:, p. 614.
1677:
1675:, p. 214.
1660:
1658:, p. 300.
1656:De Périni 1898
1640:
1638:
1635:
1506:
1503:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1412:Breisach(1638)
1411:
1410:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1260:in 1634, then
1116:
1113:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
945:
941:
940:
935:
929:
928:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
847:
846:
842:
841:
835:
834:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
740:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
549:
548:
544:
543:
538:
536:2nd Gravelines
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
511:3rd Landrecies
508:
503:
498:
486:
481:
476:
471:
469:2nd Landrecies
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
424:2nd Saint Omer
421:
416:
414:1st Gravelines
411:
409:2nd Thionville
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
374:1st Thionville
371:
369:1st Saint Omer
366:
364:1st Landrecies
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
330:
329:
325:
322:
321:
308:
307:
300:
293:
285:
277:
276:
273:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
249:
248:
206:
182:Puységur
145:
144:
140:
139:
106:
90:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2156:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2061:
2055:
2051:
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1863:(in German).
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1549:La Meilleraye
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1090:Sedan, France
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1058:3rd Barcelona
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1032:
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1024:Castellammare
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1009:1st Barcelona
1007:
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1004:3rd Tarragona
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1926:
1907:
1888:
1879:
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1844:Bissell 1997
1839:
1827:
1820:Parrott 2001
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1760:Parrott 2001
1740:
1728:
1721:Elliott 1984
1716:
1704:
1692:
1685:Elliott 1989
1680:
1673:Parrott 2001
1604:
1592:Queen Mother
1573:
1541:
1537:Maillé-Brézé
1518:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1469:
1398:Rocroi(1643)
1275:
1251:
1220:
1210:intervened.
1181:
1165:Dutch Revolt
1127:, and their
1118:
1110:
1087:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1030:
981:
881:Sainte-Agnès
568:Ille-sur-Têt
558:Fuenterrabía
516:Valenciennes
393:
232:
201:
185:
169:
88:Belligerents
29:Part of the
18:
2088: /
1832:Monter 1999
1784:Peyran 1826
1745:Wilson 2009
1709:Wilson 2009
1697:Jensen 1985
1342:Nancy(1634)
938:Fort Rocher
901:2nd Poligny
896:1st Poligny
876:Saint-Amour
827:3rd Valenza
817:2nd Cremona
802:1st Cremona
797:2nd Valenza
783: [
745:1st Valenza
688:3rd Tortosa
678:2nd Tortosa
608:1st Tortosa
526:2nd Dunkirk
521:2nd Mardyck
492: [
454:Armentières
449:1st Dunkirk
439:1st Mardyck
318:(1635–1659)
55:6 July 1641
2103:Categories
2073:49°42′09″N
1808:Thion 2013
1578:, and the
1533:Louis XIII
1384:Strasbourg
1293:The battle
1153:Roussillon
1131:rivals in
1115:Background
1048:Sant Feliu
1043:Formentera
921:Tuttlingen
906:Pontarlier
891:Bletterans
839:The Fronde
755:Tornavento
673:4th Lleida
668:3rd Lleida
643:2nd Lleida
628:1st Lleida
623:2nd Salses
593:La Granada
563:1st Salses
459:Nieuwpoort
399:Honnecourt
379:Charlemont
359:1st Corbie
349:La Capelle
344:Le Catelet
2076:4°56′28″E
1588:Louis XIV
1565:La Bassée
1551:captured
1505:Aftermath
1480:Bazeilles
1278:Châtillon
1256:occupied
1254:Champagne
1200:Charles I
1173:Catalonia
1123:kings of
1029:Piombino
1019:Orbetello
1014:Cartagena
989:Île de Ré
927:Caribbean
856:Martignat
733:Camprodon
683:Montblanc
653:2nd Roses
618:1st Roses
613:Perpignan
603:Collioure
531:The Dunes
506:2nd Arras
474:Diksmuide
394:La Marfée
384:1st Arras
334:Les Avins
65:La Marfée
1631:Pontoise
1623:Auvergne
1611:Raucourt
1545:Flanders
1525:Donchery
1356:Raucourt
1262:Breisach
1258:Lorraine
1223:Olivares
1184:Cévennes
1169:Portugal
1157:Lorraine
1135:and the
1129:Habsburg
1053:Bordeaux
1038:Cambrils
955:Sardinia
911:Jonvelle
770:Vercelli
760:Marbegno
750:Morbegno
713:Cadaqués
663:Balaguer
588:Montmeló
573:Montjuïc
484:2nd Lens
464:Commines
429:1st Lens
252:Strength
60:Location
1966:2541220
1853:Sources
1569:Bapaume
1557:Lillers
1497:woods.
1271:Guyenne
1247:Turenne
1121:Bourbon
984:Santoña
980:Laredo
975:Getaria
933:Tortuga
861:Savigny
718:Solsona
633:Miravet
583:Almenar
553:Leucate
541:Bergues
434:Bergues
419:Béthune
275:Nominal
233:†
202:†
186:†
170:†
67:, near
2056:
2037:
2000:
1981:
1964:
1933:
1914:
1895:
1867:
1627:Évreux
1615:Albret
1607:Fronde
1598:, and
1584:Rocroi
1521:Rethel
1370:Rethel
1287:Lamboy
1196:London
1177:Naples
1163:, the
1149:Alsace
1125:France
916:Maynal
871:Cornod
866:Arbent
812:Naples
780:Casale
775:Chieri
703:Girona
638:Monzón
598:Monzón
501:Mouzon
489:Rethel
444:Furnes
404:Rocroi
339:Leuven
229:
114:
103:France
100:
76:Result
1962:JSTOR
1637:Notes
1600:Condé
1529:Reims
1472:Meuse
1440:Reims
1314:Sedan
1267:Sedan
1133:Spain
994:Cádiz
970:Genoa
822:Pavia
792:Turin
787:]
765:Breme
739:Italy
723:Berga
496:]
479:Ypres
354:Somme
128:Spain
69:Sedan
2054:ISBN
2035:ISBN
1998:ISBN
1979:ISBN
1931:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1865:ISBN
1625:and
1617:and
1567:and
1561:Lens
1229:and
1175:and
1155:and
1104:and
1069:The
851:Dole
807:Proh
52:Date
1954:doi
2105::
1960:.
1950:16
1948:.
1752:^
1663:^
1644:^
1563:,
1539:.
1289:.
1179:.
1171:,
1151:,
1147:,
1143:,
1108:.
1085:.
785:zh
494:zh
2062:.
2043:.
2006:.
1987:.
1968:.
1956::
1939:.
1920:.
1901:.
1873:.
1031:·
982:·
304:e
297:t
290:v
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