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left attempted to retreat into the castle, but were blocked by the
Royalist cavalry under Ogilvie and driven to the shore of the loch. Auchinbreck was shot in the thigh while trying to rally his men and died shortly afterwards. The remaining Covenanters briefly rallied around their standard, then broke and ran. The battle rapidly became a "massacre perpetrated by one set of feuding clansmen on another". Those who ran towards the loch were slaughtered, while the remainder attempted to escape into the hills. The small garrison in Inverlochy castle surrendered without a fight.
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they were only fighting one of
Montrose's lieutenants and not the man himself, believing he was still far up the glen. Wishart, Montrose's biographer, claimed that they only realised Montrose and his cavalry were present on hearing trumpets used as the attack signal. Just before first light, the Royalists launched their attack.
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On 11 February the
Parliament of Scotland found Montrose and 19 of his main followers, including Mac Colla and Graham of Inchbrackie, guilty of high treason in their absence. The following day Argyll himself appeared before Parliament, with his arm in a sling, dismissing the loss as a minor setback.
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The fight did not start straight away and instead skirmishes broke out along the line before dawn. This was possibly because
Montrose wanted to harry Argyll's men to ensure they did not slip away, whilst hiding his own presence and the full size of his army. Auchinbreck and his officers thought that
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Montrose's army spent a cold night in the open on the side of Ben Nevis. Argyll was already aware that a small force was operating in the area, having been alerted by pickets driven from
Keppoch by the Royalist advance guard. He did not know, however, that he was faced by the entire royal army. Just
1658:
and dint of sword". The Irish routed the two wings, exposing
Auchinbreck's centre. Montrose then launched the highlanders at Argyll's regiment and the Campbell clansmen; as the first line was driven back on to the second, the latter panicked and broke. Some of the Lowland foot forming Auchinbreck's
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to Glen Buck via
Culachy, and across the gorge of the Calder Burn to reach the head of the glen, 1000 feet above sea level. They then climbed a further 1000 feet to Carn na Larach, before travelling down Glen Turret and Glen Roy to Keppoch, where the advance guard rested for around three hours in a
1616:
Auchinbreck lined up his forces with the left wing anchored on
Inverlochy Castle, which he reinforced with 200 musketeers to protect his left flank. In the centre he placed Argyll's regiment, with an advance guard commanded by Gillespie, son of the Laird of Bingingeahds. On the flanks he put the 8
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Montrose decided to face the threat by marching south and attacking Argyll. This course may have been chosen as Argyll's men now threatened the lands of several of
Montrose's key supporters. However, he realised that a frontal approach would be quickly detected. What followed was a remarkable
1633:, many of the troops he faced at Inverlochy were veterans of the wars in England and Ireland. Montrose lined his army up only two lines deep to avoid being outflanked, placing the clansmen, under his personal command, in the centre with the Irish on the flanks, the left being commanded by
1671:
serving under Argyll were killed, including John
Campbell of Lochnell, Colin MacDougal of Rarra, and others. The remaining officers were all captured, although some, such as Cockburn, were shortly released on parole on the promise that they did not take up arms against the Royalists.
1793:
Robert Baillie afterwards wrote that "this disaster did extremely amaze us. I verily think that had Montrose come presently from that battle he should have had no opposition in the Highlands scarce till he had come to Edinburgh. But God in mercy put other thoughts in his heart".
1460:, with supplies exhausted and with his forces reduced to less than 2,000 due to sickness and desertions amongst the Highlanders, who were eager to return home with their plunder. At Kilchummin he learned that a large contingent of Northern Levies under the
1812:, killing those they caught. About 12 km from the battle field they stopped and marked the spot by erecting a stone which came to be known as Clach nan Caimbeulach or the Campbell's Stone. Today the place is marked by a rough cairn, or pile of stones.
1667:. Over 1500 Covenanter troops died, while Montrose lost very few men, reputedly as few as between four and eight, the most notable Royalist casualty being Sir Thomas Ogilvie who was hit by a stray bullet and died several days later. Many gentry and
1662:
As was common in the battles of the era, the majority of casualties occurred during the rout of the retreating forces, who were pursued at least eight miles from the battlefield. In later years the graves of many of them were pointed out in
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companies of Lowland militia sent by Baillie, under Roughe and Cockburn, while to the rear was a reserve of Campbell clan levies commanded by the lairds of Lochnell and Rarra, along with two light artillery pieces. Unlike at
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Montrose and a small number of Royalist clansmen linked up with Mac Colla in August. By this time the Committee of Estates had sent armies into the field against them, under the overall command of the experienced general
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had already given a commission to Montrose, a disaffected former signatory of the Covenant, to organise Royalist opposition in Scotland. The project was given impetus when Confederate Ireland, at the instigation of the
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Baillie and Argyll believed that Montrose's force would easily be trapped or dispersed once the difficulty of supplying them in the Highlands in winter took hold. Indeed, by the end of January, Montrose had halted at
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and one of the key figures in the Committee of Estates, while Baillie's main army blocked Montrose's path eastward. By late November, the Royalists had added another 1,000 recruits, largely from amongst the men of
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O'Cahan's men advanced first, followed by Mac Colla. The Irish closed rapidly and violently with the regular troops on both flanks. Montrose, in his letter describing the battle, stated that they went quickly to
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before dawn on 2 February 1645, Argyll and his commanders were dismayed at the sight that lay before them. As far as they were aware Montrose should still have been 30 miles north.
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as "a stout soldier, but a very vicious man". Auchinbreck was an experienced veteran recently recalled from the war in Ireland and regarded as the best soldier in Clan Campbell.
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flanking march, during winter, across some of the toughest and wildest terrain in the British Isles, partly through snow knee-deep. The Royalists first travelled up the
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1808:, and that is how it was portrayed in Gaelic folklore. After the battle MacDonalds pursued fleeing Campbells up the Lairig Mhor, which is now part of the
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The watercourse leading from Glen Buck to the hill of Carn na Larach. Montrose's men passed over this terrain, in winter, on the way to Inverlochy.
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side, the Royalist party sought to find ways of tying down Covenanter forces in Scotland to prevent them being employed in England.
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Argyll did not stay for the battle, having injured his arm in a fall from his horse, and retired to his galley anchored on
1609:. Command of the government forces was left in the hands of his kinsman Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchinbreck, described by
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in September. He then retreated into the Highlands, pursued by a force under the Marquess of Argyll, the head of
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Cairn at the place where the MacDonalds stopped chasing and killing the Campbells after the Battle .
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The battle and the Royalist campaign of 1644–1645 in general feature in the 1937 novel
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The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland and Ireland
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levies – was camped to the south of him at Inverlochy. Further south, Baillie and
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were assembling further troops. The Royalists were now effectively trapped.
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1411:. Montrose, however, won surprise victories against government troops at
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The victory also secured the cooperation in Montrose's campaign of the
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After being researched, the area was designated as a battlefield by
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levies made him one of the most powerful nobles in Scotland.
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1513:, 2 February; they had marched around 36 miles in 36 hours.
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Auldearn 1645: The Marquis of Montrose's Scottish Campaign
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1796:Montrose was able to use this conflict to rally
1578:Sir Duncan Campbell, 2nd Baronet of Auchinbreck
2189:Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland
1842:, told from the perspective of two members of
1565:Patrick Graham of Inchbrackie's Regiment (200)
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2143:The Battles of Inverlochy. February 2, 1645
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1343:, who had been encamped under the walls of
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1861:Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1341:Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll
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338:Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
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1780:Learn how and when to remove this message
1625:, where Montrose had annihilated hastily
2104:(24 October 1985). Hastings, Max (ed.).
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1323:occurred on 2 February 1645, during the
1592:Lt-Col Laghlan Roughe's Battalion (200)
1509:above Inverlochy in the early hours of
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2014:
1536:James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
1403:on the west coast in early July 1644.
1337:James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
16:Part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
2107:The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes
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1498:barn while the main force caught up.
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1718:adding citations to reliable sources
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1544:Thomas Laghtnan's Regiment (400 men)
1395:to Scotland under Antrim's relative
1335:troops under the overall command of
2028:Romantic Lochaber Arisaig and Morar
1583:Marquess of Argyll's Regiment (500)
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599:Clan MacDonald-Clan Campbell feuds
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2174:History of the Scottish Highlands
2169:Battles of the Scottish Civil War
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1944:"Battle of Inverlochy II (BTL24)"
1541:Irish Brigade Alasdair Mac Colla
1391:, aided the Royalists by sending
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2065:"The battle of Inverlochy, 1645"
2063:Plant, David (7 December 2010).
1729:"Battle of Inverlochy" 1645
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1550:James McDonnell's Regiment (200)
1440:while the bulk continued across
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1568:Sir Thomas Ogilvie's Horse (50)
1526:Order of Battle and deployments
1464:blocked the route northward at
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1547:Manus O'Cahan's Regiment (200)
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491:Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652)
1:
2045:Mangianello, Stephen (2004).
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1940:Historic Environment Scotland
1562:and other clan levies (c.500)
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2056:Montrose and the Covenanters
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1370:decided to intervene in the
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1856:Battle of Inverlochy (1431)
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1393:2,000 experienced troops
625:Rhunahaorine Moss (1647)
462:Second English Civil War
2145:at www.clan-cameron.org
2112:Oxford University Press
1678:, the bard of the clan
694:First English Civil War
650:Jacobite rising of 1745
368:First English Civil War
216:Battle of Inverlochy II
2026:Donald B. MacCulloch,
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1399:. The Irish landed at
206:Registered battlefield
136:Commanders and leaders
110:Royalist/Irish victory
2054:Napier, Mark (1838).
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1366:-controlled Scottish
1085:Gunnislake New Bridge
610:Rathlin Island (1642)
300:Locations in Scotland
187:Casualties and losses
146:Sir Alasdair MacColla
2114:. pp. 130–135.
2058:. Oxford University.
1838:by the Irish writer
1714:improve this article
1680:MacDonald of Keppoch
1368:Committee of Estates
1321:Battle of Inverlochy
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54:Battle of Inverlochy
1629:and poorly trained
630:Castle Sween (1647)
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2095:General references
2000:Mangianello (2004)
1918:Mangianello (2004)
1844:O'Cahan's Regiment
1825:Marquess of Huntly
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1645:Attack by Montrose
1599:'s Battalion (200)
1501:After fording the
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1159:Scarborough Castle
961:2nd Wardour Castle
861:1st Wardour Castle
645:Sheriffmuir (1715)
545:Glencairn's rising
229:Reference no.
61:Scottish Civil War
2164:Conflicts in 1645
2084:Reid, S. (2012).
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42:56.831; -5.079
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2102:Hastings, Max
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2071:. David Plant
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2016:
2015:Napier (1838)
2011:
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1987:, p. 34.
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1802:Clan Campbell
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1731: –
1730:
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1725:Find sources:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1703:This section
1701:
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1598:
1597:John Cockburn
1594:
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1587:Clan Campbell
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1511:Candlemas Day
1508:
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1475:
1474:Sir John Urry
1471:
1470:Clan Campbell
1467:
1463:
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1421:Clan Campbell
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1308:2nd Worcester
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1254:Denbigh Green
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896:Burton Bridge
894:
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886:Adwalton Moor
884:
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876:1st Worcester
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528:Inverkeithing
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513:2nd Inverness
511:
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508:1st Inverness
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142:Lord Montrose
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127:Irish Brigade
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2125:. Retrieved
2106:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2068:
2055:
2049:. Scarecrow.
2046:
2027:
2022:
1964:Plant (2010)
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1833:
1822:
1795:
1791:
1776:
1770:January 2019
1767:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1724:
1712:Please help
1707:verification
1704:
1674:
1661:
1656:push of pike
1652:
1648:
1615:
1604:
1573:
1531:
1520:
1500:
1491:
1450:
1442:Rannoch Moor
1438:Ballachulish
1405:
1401:Ardnamurchan
1361:
1349:
1320:
1318:
1298:2nd Aberdeen
1270:
1268:
1234:Rowton Heath
1143:
1136:
1134:
1105:1st Aberdeen
1080:Marston Moor
1065:Tipton Green
987:
985:
946:Olney Bridge
916:Gainsborough
891:2nd Bradford
856:Sourton Down
846:Ripple Field
826:Hopton Heath
803:
801:
792:1st Bradford
787:Muster Green
772:Piercebridge
742:Kings Norton
732:Babylon Hill
705:
614:
543:
542:
489:
488:
460:
459:
445:2nd Aberdeen
409:
400:1st Aberdeen
390:Marston Moor
366:
365:
350:Bishops Wars
348:
165:
152:
119:Belligerents
59:Part of the
18:
2127:25 November
2069:BCW Project
1985:Reid (2012)
1887:Reid (2012)
1829:Clan Gordon
1798:Clan Donald
1627:conscripted
1607:Loch Linnhe
1495:River Tarff
1480:Flank march
1426:Clan Donald
1278:Bovey Heath
1229:2nd Chester
1224:Philiphaugh
1219:2nd Bristol
1174:3rd Taunton
1164:2nd Taunton
1130:2nd Newbury
1120:1st Taunton
1115:1st Chester
1095:Lostwithiel
1015:Boldon Hill
956:Heptonstall
936:1st Newbury
911:1st Bristol
557:Dalnaspidal
435:Philiphaugh
380:Boldon Hill
356:Brig of Dee
182:2,000-3,500
131:Covenanters
40: /
2158:Categories
2038:References
1740:newspapers
1665:Glen Nevis
1619:Tippermuir
1574:Covenanter
1458:Great Glen
1454:Kilchummin
1434:Glen Etive
1413:Tippermuir
1364:Covenanter
1362:After the
1358:Background
1303:Lagganmore
1293:3rd Oxford
1283:Torrington
1249:Annan Moor
1179:2nd Oxford
1144:Inverlochy
1100:Tippermuir
1050:1st Oxford
1035:Lyme Regis
921:Gloucester
797:Chichester
782:1st Exeter
722:Portsmouth
518:Carbisdale
450:Lagganmore
440:Annan Moor
410:Inverlochy
395:Tippermuir
289:Kilchummin
261:Inverlochy
221:Designated
100:Inverlochy
25:56°49′52″N
2088:. Osprey.
2075:18 August
1867:Citations
1686:Aftermath
1556:MacDonald
1507:Ben Nevis
1466:Inverness
1430:Inveraray
1354:in 2011.
1327:, when a
1184:Leicester
1000:Newcastle
901:Lansdowne
871:Wakefield
841:Lichfield
836:Camp Hill
777:Tadcaster
757:Brentford
752:Aylesbury
538:Worcester
469:Dunaverty
375:Newcastle
275:Inverness
124:Royalists
76:Ben Nevis
28:5°04′44″W
2184:Lochaber
2149:ScotWars
1850:See also
1827:, whose
1800:against
1676:Iain Lom
1669:tacksmen
1639:standard
1635:MacColla
1631:militias
1623:Aberdeen
1532:Royalist
1417:Aberdeen
1387:and the
1329:Royalist
1209:Hereford
1204:Langport
1169:Auldearn
1154:Weymouth
1125:Carlisle
1090:Ormskirk
1070:Oswestry
1025:Cheriton
995:Nantwich
926:2nd Hull
866:Stratton
747:Edgehill
727:Plymouth
712:1st Hull
503:Stirling
415:Auldearn
405:Carlisle
174:Strength
95:Location
1754:scholar
1595:Lt-Col
1560:Cameron
1456:in the
1446:Glencoe
1444:, into
1374:on the
1214:Kilsyth
1045:Lincoln
976:Arundel
941:Winceby
851:Reading
552:Tullich
484:Winwick
479:Preston
430:Kilsyth
361:Newburn
166:†
153:†
2118:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1517:Battle
1264:Newark
1194:Alford
1189:Naseby
1055:Bolton
1010:Newark
533:Dundee
523:Dunbar
420:Alford
162:
107:Result
1949:1 May
1761:JSTOR
1747:books
1503:Spean
1030:Selby
966:Alton
816:Leeds
425:Fyvie
233:BTL24
195:1,500
179:1,500
2129:2017
2116:ISBN
2077:2020
1951:2017
1733:news
1621:and
1415:and
1319:The
1271:1646
1137:1645
1040:York
988:1644
804:1643
706:1642
385:York
87:Date
1716:by
192:Few
2160::
2110:.
2067:.
2007:^
1992:^
1971:^
1942:.
1925:^
1894:^
1875:^
1846:.
1641:.
1580:)
1558:,
1538:)
1448:.
1347:.
2131:.
2079:.
1966:.
1953:.
1783:)
1777:(
1772:)
1768:(
1758:·
1751:·
1744:·
1737:·
1710:.
1654:"
1576:(
1534:(
684:e
677:t
670:v
591:e
584:t
577:v
328:e
321:t
314:v
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