103:
29:
90:
171:
236:
official status after being incorporated into the semi-regular
Kurdish cavalry units known as the Hamidiye. As a result, thousands of Armenian farmers lost their lands and eked out a living as transient hired labourers or migrated to Constantinople and other cities to live in impoverished squalid conditions. The repeated failures of promised reforms by Constantinople led to some Armenians initiating local measures for self-defense. The
235:
By the second half of the 19th century, living conditions for the
Armenian population in the Mush valley had become intolerable. Added to central government official and unofficial taxes and dues, and Kurdish chieftains extorting their traditional tributes, where predatory Kurdish tribesmen given an
299:
After breaking out of
Arakelots Monastery, Andranik gained a legendary reputation amongst the province's Armenians. "Andranik is not a human being, he is a ghost", Turks used to say after he disappeared. The Kurds believed that when at night Andranik took off his coat, many bullets fell from it.
286:
A regiment of five
Turkish battalions, some 1,200 men, commanded by the pashas Ferikh and Ali, began besieging the fortified monastery. During this period the Turkish army had heavy losses because of cold weather and epidemics. After nineteen days of siege, and surrender negotiations in which
402:(Andranik, Kevork, Haroutiun from Ouroukh, Vagharshag, Hajji Hagop, Ghazar, Seydo Boghos, Andrig, Missak, Vartan, Assadour, Simon, Terpetos Sarkis, Cheto, Yegho, Parsegh, Hovsep son of Oso, Chatalbash Aram, Megro from Khaskiugh, Moso, Iso, Mourad from Havadorig)
283:) and some 8 to 10 peasants from Tsronk village. Pursued by Turkish armed forces, Andranik's men were eventually cornered and on November 20 they barricaded themselves in the Holy Apostles Monastery located to the east of Mush.
588:
In 1901 took place the unusual siege of the
Monastery of Arakelotz during which Andranik and his soldiers repulsed the onslaught of the Turkish forces for 19 days, pierced the Turkish lines and made their escape into the
287:
Armenian clergy as well as the headman of Mush and foreign consuls took part, Andranik and his men succeeded in secretly leaving
Arakelots monastery and moved in small groups back into the nearby mountains. According to
291:, Andranik organized the escape by dressing in the uniform of a Turkish officer: "he went the rounds of the entire guard, talking to them in excellent Turkish" and "at the same time showing the way out to his own men".
699:
332:
It was necessary to show to the
Turkish and Kurdish peoples, that an Armenian can undertake a gun, that an Armenian heart can fight and protect his rights.
1020:
444:
Military history: Vol. 12; 1995, Bold and fiercely determined, Andranik
Ozanian spent most of his life as a revolutionary for his fellow Armenians, by
851:
280:
1005:
755:
692:
345:, originally recorded by L. G. Loulegian and translated from Armenian by Ara Stepan Melkonian - London; Taderon Press 2009,
1010:
685:
1025:
1000:
947:
815:
531:
512:
429:
382:
364:
350:
241:
94:
941:
237:
248:
in 1894, and the more widespread massacres in the plain of Mush in 1895 and 1896 during the events known as the
790:
785:
639:
612:
471:
1035:
663:
The great 4: Mesrob, Komidas, Antranik, Toramanian, by Herminé D. Varjabedian, Shirak Press, 1969, p. 51
1015:
708:
226:
868:
275:
In
November 1901 Andranik came down from the mountains with some 30 experienced fedayeen (including
967:
858:
1030:
760:
301:
206:
54:
973:
775:
863:
795:
244:
were two
Armenian political groups active in the region. After the massacres of Armenians in
28:
780:
8:
810:
800:
770:
765:
654:
Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: A-C, by Philip Mattar- p. 195
252:, the political activity of the 1880s developed into armed self-defense units, known as
831:
748:
445:
374:
249:
175:
33:
Early 20th century photograph of Holy Apostles Monastery, where the battle took place.
914:
843:
635:
608:
579:
527:
508:
467:
425:
378:
360:
346:
230:
202:
187:
820:
743:
317:
260:
961:
935:
873:
631:
The supplement to The modern encyclopedia of Russian, Soviet and Eurasian history
629:
602:
567:
461:
253:
919:
899:
837:
309:
276:
264:
214:
198:
129:
113:
108:
62:
256:, who used the mountains as safe havens and as areas for political agitation.
170:
994:
909:
894:
677:
583:
604:
The Balkan wars : 1912-13 : the war correspondence of Leon Trotsky
288:
263:
was given the leadership of all such groups within the Sasun district of
878:
672:
Historical Dictionary of Armenia, by Rouben Paul Adalian, 2010, p. 79
495:
The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik, 2008, p. 57
904:
556:
The Armenians: history of a genocide, by Yves Ternon - 1990, p. 114
486:
The Armenians: history of a genocide, by Yves Ternon - 1990, p. 114
125:
463:
The Balkan wars: 1912-13: the war correspondence of Leon Trotsky
634:. Gulf Breeze, Fla.: Academic International Press. p. 22.
321:
313:
210:
58:
889:
259:
In 1899 several Armenian fedayee commanders were killed, and
245:
305:
371:
General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement
524:
The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik
505:
The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik
422:
The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik
357:
The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik
343:
The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Antranig
267:. Under Andranik's command were thirty-eight villages.
992:
628:Rhyne, George N.; Lazzerini, Edward J. (2006).
707:
627:
693:
565:
756:Liberation struggle of Artsakh (1724-1731)
700:
686:
545:Armenian Baghesh / Bitlis and Taron / Mush
526:, wr. Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008,
507:, wr. Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008,
440:
438:
424:, wr. Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008,
359:, wr. Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008,
304:in 1904, then retreated with his men into
1021:Armenian rebellions in the Ottoman Empire
455:
453:
806:Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery (1901)
594:
169:
600:
459:
435:
993:
607:. New York: Monad Press. p. 250.
466:. New York: Monad Press. p. 249.
450:
326:The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery
681:
184:The Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery
16:Battle between Armenians and Ottomans
1006:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
816:Yıldız assassination attempt (1905)
568:"A History of Armenia (Chapter XV)"
13:
324:, Andranik published his memoirs,
14:
1047:
948:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
242:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
161:3 (Ghazar, Haroutiun and Parsegh)
95:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
22:Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery
730:Organizations and military units
238:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
197:) was an armed conflict between
101:
88:
27:
666:
657:
648:
621:
559:
550:
336:
316:, where he participated in the
164:553 (according to eyewitnesses)
852:Resistance during the genocide
727:Political and military leaders
537:
517:
498:
489:
480:
415:
396:
300:Andranik commanded during the
1:
776:Kum Kapu demonstration (1890)
566:Pasdermadjian, Hrand (1964).
409:
270:
220:
791:Ottoman Bank Takeover (1896)
724:Persecution of the Armenians
294:
209:(Arakhelots) Monastery near
7:
312:and thereafter traveled to
10:
1052:
1011:1901 in the Ottoman Empire
801:Khanasor Expedition (1897)
786:Zeitun rebellion (1895–96)
771:Gugunian Expedition (1890)
709:Armenian national movement
328:. Of the events he wrote:
227:Armenian national movement
224:
1001:Battles involving Armenia
749:Battle of Halidzor (1727)
715:
191:
155:
140:
119:
81:
37:
26:
21:
968:Armenian volunteer units
389:
1026:History of Muş Province
821:Battle of Sulukh (1907)
744:Syunik rebellion (1722)
543:Richard G Hovannisian,
302:Second Sasun Resistance
195:Ařak'elots vank'i křivë
55:Holy Apostles Monastery
974:French Armenian Legion
781:Sasun rebellion (1894)
761:Zeitun uprising (1862)
601:Trotsky, Leon (1980).
547:, pages 5 and 6, 2001.
460:Trotsky, Leon (1980).
334:
180:
120:Commanders and leaders
811:Sasun uprising (1904)
766:Bashkale clash (1889)
330:
173:
156:Casualties and losses
1036:November 1901 events
377:- Southfield, 1988,
308:, resigned from the
192:Առաքելոց վանքի կռիվը
179:report on the battle
572:The Armenian Review
45:November 3–27, 1901
832:Hamidian massacres
796:Van Defense (1896)
446:Antranig Chalabian
375:Antranig Chalabian
250:Hamidian massacres
217:in November 1901.
181:
176:The New York Times
1016:Conflicts in 1901
988:
987:
983:
982:
930:Political parties
915:Drastamat Kanayan
844:Armenian genocide
738:Until World War I
231:Armenian Question
168:
167:
146:22 (per Andranik)
77:
76:
1043:
869:Shabin-Karahisar
718:
717:
702:
695:
688:
679:
678:
673:
670:
664:
661:
655:
652:
646:
645:
625:
619:
618:
598:
592:
591:
563:
557:
554:
548:
541:
535:
521:
515:
502:
496:
493:
487:
484:
478:
477:
457:
448:
442:
433:
419:
403:
400:
318:First Balkan War
261:Andranik Ozanian
203:Armenian militia
193:
126:Andranik Ozanian
107:
105:
104:
93:
92:
91:
73:Armenian Victory
39:
38:
31:
19:
18:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1040:
991:
990:
989:
984:
979:
924:
883:
825:
711:
706:
676:
671:
667:
662:
658:
653:
649:
642:
626:
622:
615:
599:
595:
564:
560:
555:
551:
542:
538:
522:
518:
503:
499:
494:
490:
485:
481:
474:
458:
451:
443:
436:
420:
416:
412:
407:
406:
401:
397:
392:
339:
297:
273:
233:
223:
147:
135:
128:
102:
100:
89:
87:
65:
57:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1031:Bitlis vilayet
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
986:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
971:
965:
957:
956:
952:
951:
945:
939:
932:
931:
927:
925:
923:
922:
920:Garegin Nzhdeh
917:
912:
907:
902:
900:Kevork Chavush
897:
892:
886:
884:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
854:
848:
847:
841:
838:Adana massacre
835:
828:
826:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
752:
751:
740:
739:
735:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
716:
713:
712:
705:
704:
697:
690:
682:
675:
674:
665:
656:
647:
640:
620:
613:
593:
558:
549:
536:
516:
497:
488:
479:
472:
449:
434:
413:
411:
408:
405:
404:
394:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
368:
354:
338:
335:
310:Dashnaktsutyun
296:
293:
277:Kevork Chavush
272:
269:
265:Bitlis Vilayet
222:
219:
215:Ottoman Empire
199:Ottoman Empire
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
143:
142:
138:
137:
132:
130:Kevork Chavush
122:
121:
117:
116:
114:Kurdish tribes
109:Ottoman Empire
97:
84:
83:
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:Ottoman Empire
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1048:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
975:
972:
969:
966:
964:
963:
959:
958:
954:
953:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
933:
929:
928:
926:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:Aram Manukian
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:Aghbiur Serob
893:
891:
888:
887:
885:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
829:
827:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
750:
747:
746:
745:
742:
741:
737:
736:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
714:
710:
703:
698:
696:
691:
689:
684:
683:
680:
669:
660:
651:
643:
637:
633:
632:
624:
616:
610:
606:
605:
597:
590:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
562:
553:
546:
540:
533:
532:9781903656808
529:
525:
520:
514:
513:9781903656808
510:
506:
501:
492:
483:
475:
469:
465:
464:
456:
454:
447:
441:
439:
431:
430:9781903656808
427:
423:
418:
414:
399:
395:
384:
383:9780962274114
380:
376:
372:
369:
366:
365:9781903656808
362:
358:
355:
352:
351:9781903656808
348:
344:
341:
340:
333:
329:
327:
323:
320:. In 1924 in
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
292:
290:
284:
282:
281:Hakob Kotoyan
278:
268:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
232:
228:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:Holy Apostles
204:
200:
196:
189:
185:
178:
177:
172:
163:
160:
159:
154:
150:
145:
144:
139:
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96:
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80:
72:
69:
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60:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
41:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
960:
805:
668:
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623:
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561:
552:
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462:
421:
417:
398:
370:
356:
342:
337:Bibliography
331:
325:
298:
289:Leon Trotsky
285:
274:
258:
234:
194:
183:
182:
174:
134:Ferikh Pasha
99:
82:Belligerents
976:(1916–1920)
970:(1914–1917)
385:, 588 pages
201:forces and
151:1,200–6,000
995:Categories
641:0875691420
614:0909196087
589:mountains.
473:0909196087
410:References
367:, 59 pages
353:, 70 pages
271:The Battle
225:See also:
221:Background
936:Armenakan
879:Musa Dagh
834:(1894–96)
584:0004-2366
578:(1): 78.
295:Aftermath
136:Ali Pasha
905:Andranik
188:Armenian
141:Strength
50:Location
942:Hunchak
721:History
534:- p. 55
254:fedayee
205:at the
962:Fedayi
950:(1890)
944:(1887)
938:(1885)
859:Zeitun
846:(1915)
840:(1909)
638:
611:
582:
530:
511:
470:
432:- p.40
428:
381:
363:
349:
322:Boston
314:Europe
106:
70:Result
955:Units
890:Arabo
390:Notes
373:, by
246:Sasun
148:30–38
874:Urfa
636:ISBN
609:ISBN
580:ISSN
528:ISBN
509:ISBN
468:ISBN
426:ISBN
379:ISBN
361:ISBN
347:ISBN
306:Iran
279:and
240:and
229:and
211:Mush
59:Mush
42:Date
864:Van
997::
586:.
576:17
574:.
570:.
452:^
437:^
213:,
190::
112:•
61:,
701:e
694:t
687:v
644:.
617:.
476:.
186:(
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