198:“The people of Nahasse arose and besieged" (name indecipherable). "Other enemies and the people of Hayasa likewise. They plundered Institina, blockaded Ganuvara with troops and chariots. And because I had left Nuvanzas, the chief cup-bearer, and all the heads of the camp and troops and chariots in the High Country, I wrote to Nuvanzas as follows; 'See the people of Hayasa have devastated Institina, and blockaded the city of Ganuvara.' And Nuvanza led troops and chariots for aid and marched to Ganuvara And then he sent to me a messenger and wrote to me; 'Will you not go to consult for me the augur and the foreteller? Could not a decision be made for me by the birds and the flesh of the expiatory victims?
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Hittite territory and sacked many cities and then refused to return the prisoners taken. In reaction to this
Mursili II launched campaigns against the Hayasa-Azzi during the seventh and eight years of his reign (c. 1314–1313 BC). These campaigns were successful in removing Hayasan forces from Hittite territory but it still didn’t subdue the kingdom. In Mursili II’s ninth year (c.1312 BC) he was unable to attend to the Hayasan problem as rebellion in Syria by the
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208:, the royal prince Nana-Lu came to meet me on the road and said, 'The Hayasan enemy having besieged Ganuvara, Nuvanza marched against him and met him under the walls of Ganuvara. Ten thousand men and seven hundred chariots were drawn up in battle against him, and Nuvanza defeated them. There are many dead and many prisoners.”
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distracted him. Taking advantage of this
Anniyash launched another large invasion of Hittite territory, occupying Istitina and besieging the city of Ganuvara. The Annals of Mursili record that the Hayasan army had 10,000 men and 700 chariots. Murisili sent his general and cup bearer called Nuvanza to
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The battle seemingly eradicated the military power of the Hayasa-Azzi confederation as they are never recorded as taking any major military action against anyone again. In his tenth year
Mursili invaded their territory and the next year received their formal submission. The Hayasa-Azzi confederation
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However during the reign of
Mursili II (c.1321 – 1295 BC (short chronology)), around 20 years after the end of Tudhaliya II’s reign, the new king of Hayasa-Azzi who was called Anniyash (or Anniya) restarted the war with the Hittites along with many other of the Hittites enemies. Anniyash attacked
152:. The Hayasa-Azzi had served as one of the Hittite’s most determined enemies for the past half century, however in a battle outside the city of Ganuvara they were decisively defeated by the Hittite general Nuvanza and would never be a threat to the Hittites again.
168:)). Not much about them is known but they were likely a political confederation of multiple small kingdoms (the two most prominent being, of course, the Hayasa and Azzi) whose heartland was located in the
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against them. Suppiluliuma defeated the Hayasa-Azzi and forced them to return the captured
Hittite territory and become Hittite vassals, thus ending the first period of conflict between the two nations.
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And I sent to
Nuvanza this letter: 'See, I consulted for you birds and flesh, and they commanded, Go! because these people of Hayasa, the God U, has already delivered to you; strike them!
222:, after which the eventual fate of the confederation remains unknown; it most likely mixed with other peoples in the area and could be the ancestors of the later
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The Hayasa-Azzi are first recorded when they are one of multiple people groups who invaded the
Hittite kingdom during the difficult reign of
172:. They are reported to have seized the important Hittite city of Samuha before Tudhaliya sent his son, general and later Hittite King
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Map of the Middle East in 1325 BC showing the location of
Hittite Empire and the suggested location of the Hayasa Azzi confederation
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Nuvanza inflicted a decisive defeat on the
Hayasan army outside Ganuvara, as recorded in the Annals of Mursili:
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would remain a
Hittite vassal until the Hittite Empire’s fall during the
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148:confederation during the reign of the Hittite king
283:"History of Armenia by Vahan Kurkjian • Chapter 6"
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16:Hittite victory over the Hayasa-Azzi c. 1312 BC
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333:"Kingdoms of Anatolia - Hayasa-Azzi"
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101:Unknown (most likely Anniyash)
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373:2nd-millennium BC conflicts
315:The Kingdom of the Hittites
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317:. Oxford University Press.
260:World History Encyclopedia
313:Bryce, Trevor R. (1998).
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186:deal with the threat.
93:Commanders and leaders
287:penelope.uchicago.edu
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122:Casualties and losses
220:Bronze Age Collapse
164:(c.1360 – 1344 BC (
170:Armenian Highlands
138:Battle of Ganuvara
22:Battle of Ganuvara
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174:Suppiluliuma
162:Tudhaliya II
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117:700 chariots
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76:Belligerents
45:c. 1312 BC (
226:and modern
146:Hayasa-Azzi
87:Hayasa-Azzi
357:Categories
342:2021-11-23
292:2021-11-21
265:2021-11-21
237:References
206:Carchemish
156:Background
150:Mursili II
228:Armenians
213:Aftermath
144:and the
106:Strength
58:Ganuvara
54:Location
183:Nuhašše
127:unknown
111:unknown
98:Nuvanza
190:Battle
64:Result
136:The
42:Date
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