210:
1598:
3799:
2482:
3809:
1795:
4,000 soldiers of the
Portuguese force were killed. Only 33 Portuguese soldiers were left alive, along with a number of mercenaries. Rajasinghe and Wijayapala ordered their men not to kill the survivors after the battle was won. Heads of the killed soldiers were piled before the Sinhalese king. A search was made for Melo's body, but it was not found. However, some Sinhalese soldiers found Melo's sword, and presented it to Rajasinghe.
3819:
217:
1709:
for the battle. Rajasinghe sent a letter to Melo through a
Portuguese friar seeking negotiations, but this call was rejected by Melo, who replied, saying "The little black is frightened. We shall drag him by the ears". The king, angered by this remark, summoned his troops and prepared for the battle.
1671:
Rajasinghe had presented an elephant to a
Portuguese merchant, AntĂłnio Machado, who had gained the king's favour. Melo took this elephant into his possession. After hearing about this, Rajasinghe presented another elephant to the merchant. He then seized two horses that were sent to Kandy by Melo for
1588:
On 28 March 1638, the
Sinhalese army attacked the Portuguese force, leaving only 33 Portuguese soldiers alive, along with a number of mercenaries. The heads of the killed Portuguese soldiers were piled before the Sinhalese king Rajasingha II. The battle, which ended in victory for the Sinhalese army,
1667:
of 600 men and bulls was taken into custody and later released. He also raised issues with the peace accord that had been signed earlier between the
Portuguese and King Senarath. In the meantime, he assembled his troops in preparation for an attack on Kandy. These troops later encamped in Atapitiya,
1713:
The city was evacuated, since the
Sinhalese army was not capable of facing the Portuguese army head on. Everything of value in the city was taken away. Instead of facing the Portuguese directly, Rajasinghe and his generals planned a trap. The Sinhalese army encamped on Gannoruwa hill, preparing to
1803:
After the victory, Rajasinghe presented his sword and crown to the
Dodanwala Devala as he had vowed. Men who had taken part in the battle received positions and lands as rewards. The commanders who led the Sinhalese army in the battle were promoted to higher ranks. The Portuguese did not make any
1794:
The numbers of the
Portuguese force were rapidly reduced before the Sinhalese army charged up the hill and attacked them. Rajasinghe conducted his troops during the battle from under the shade of a tree. The Portuguese force was almost completely destroyed in the fight that ensued. Approximately
1688:
Melo began preparing his troops to attack Kandy after the seizure of his horses by the
Sinhalese king. He ordered his Disawes to summon the army to a village named Menikkadawara. On 19 March 1638, Melo departed from Colombo and arrived at Menikkadawara with an army of 900 Portuguese soldiers and
1584:
Melo seized an elephant presented to a merchant by the king, to which the king responded by seizing two of Melo's own horses. Following this incident, Melo assembled his troops and set out for Kandy. The city of Kandy was evacuated by the
Sinhalese, and Melo's army found the city empty when they
1746:
They retreated towards Balana with the objective of entrenching themselves on the slopes of Kiriwat Talawa, but had only reached Gannoruwa by nightfall. The king's army was strengthened by Wijayapala's troops from Matale, and the combined Sinhalese army was also assisted by Indian soldiers and
1726:, the king's crown fell from his head. He was informed by his men that he was near the shrine and that the deity presiding in the shrine was powerful. Rajasinghe vowed at the shrine that if he succeeded in defeating the Portuguese, he would present his crown and sword to the shrine.
1654:
to get their help in defeating the Portuguese. As a result of this, the Portuguese hastened their attempts to capture Kandy. Diogo de Melo de Castro was the Portuguese Captain General in Colombo, having been appointed to that position in 1633.
1767:
abandoned the provisions in order to retreat and rejoin the main force. Before the Portuguese troops could reach the high ground at Kiriwat Talawa, the Sinhalese army surrounded them and opened fire with their heavy guns, including
1807:
Rajasinghe eventually made an agreement with the Dutch to drive the Portuguese from the country. As a result, the Portuguese were driven out by the Dutch in 1658. King Rajasinghe II later presented Melo's sword to a Dutch Admiral,
3459:
1742:
and observation post of the king's army. They proceeded to Kandy, and found the city deserted. They sacked and burned the city, including the royal palace and temples, and then withdrew, intending to return to Colombo.
1585:
arrived. They sacked and burned the city, and started to return to Colombo. However, their way forward was blocked by the Sinhalese army at Gannoruwa. The Portuguese force was surrounded with all escape routes cut off.
1589:
was the last battle fought between the Portuguese and the Sinhalese, and was also the final battle fought by the Kingdom of Kandy. The Portuguese were driven out of the country by the Dutch soon afterwards.
1625:
was the only remaining kingdom under the native king's rule. The Portuguese attempted to capture Kandy in 1594, 1603, and 1630, but were defeated on all three occasions. In 1635, with the death of King
1609:
The Portuguese first landed in Sri Lanka in 1505. The aim of the Portuguese was to capture the entire island. which was split into several kingdoms. By 1619, they were in control of the kingdoms of
1804:
other attempts to take Kandy after this. The Battle of Gannoruwa was the last battle fought by the Kingdom of Kandy. It was also the last battle fought between the Portuguese and the Sri Lankans.
1577:
became the king of Kandy and started negotiations with the Dutch to obtain their help in driving out the Portuguese. The Portuguese hastened their efforts to take Kandy because of this, and
2893:
3661:
3454:
385:
3426:
3047:
260:
2696:
2872:
332:
3057:
2465:
3685:
3466:
1668:
close to the boundaries of the Kingdom of Kandy as a show of strength. In response to this, the Sinhalese strengthened their defences with troops from Matale and Uva.
2918:
1755:
river. The road back to Kandy was blocked by troops from Matale, and all escape routes were effectively cut off. The stragglers around the main force were killed by
337:
317:
1759:
hidden in the surrounding forests. On the following day, 28 March 1638, the Portuguese force tried to resume their retreat. The Sinhalese army at once attacked the
378:
253:
3072:
1723:
286:
3131:
371:
312:
1058:
322:
3095:
2458:
1809:
246:
3085:
2609:
2604:
996:
966:
871:
736:
2443:
3858:
2755:
2294:
2425:
886:
3121:
1098:
3666:
3400:
2691:
2451:
3395:
2939:
3522:
1402:
1355:
1350:
3253:
2913:
2599:
1751:. At Gannoruwa, Sinhalese woodmen cut down forest trees and obstructed the Portuguese path, preventing them from crossing the nearby
1424:
1053:
1909:
1672:
sale, and informed Melo that the horses would be released upon the return of the elephant. The Portuguese also killed Rajasinghe's
1476:
586:
209:
2701:
2686:
90:
59:
2184:
2061:
3767:
2095:
2023:
3744:
3390:
2961:
2933:
2774:
2621:
2616:
1148:
429:
225:
2501:
1879:
1506:
1414:
3848:
2767:
2748:
1966:
1491:
1258:
3868:
2867:
2572:
2552:
686:
606:
271:
1038:
3607:
3333:
2557:
2249:
2217:
2163:
2133:
1947:
1848:
1526:
3168:
486:
3183:
2983:
2815:
2631:
2475:
2473:
1318:
1198:
986:
434:
2092:"The golden landmark in the landscape of Sinhalese military adventure â the defeat of the Portuguese at Gannoruva"
3822:
3673:
2537:
1335:
1073:
931:
896:
861:
841:
501:
1710:
The Portuguese army was put under the command of Fernão de Mendonça Furtado, the nephew and son-in-law of Melo.
3678:
3633:
3499:
3233:
2805:
2741:
2577:
2542:
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1531:
1419:
1188:
1063:
916:
856:
786:
616:
449:
291:
3843:
2670:
2309:
1429:
1068:
536:
327:
3540:
3517:
2562:
1550:
1397:
911:
866:
414:
302:
30:
1631:
1602:
1574:
152:
3323:
1521:
1248:
1193:
951:
3853:
3762:
2810:
2717:
1313:
1243:
846:
646:
636:
551:
1278:
3754:
3716:
3532:
2800:
2547:
2421:
1481:
1439:
1385:
1288:
1103:
926:
826:
721:
556:
521:
481:
1434:
3638:
3431:
3273:
3039:
2903:
2594:
1370:
1340:
1253:
1183:
1128:
991:
961:
761:
711:
706:
676:
666:
576:
531:
506:
496:
464:
424:
3802:
3739:
1694:
1578:
1516:
1392:
1303:
1293:
1263:
1208:
1173:
1113:
1048:
1023:
946:
941:
936:
921:
901:
881:
836:
746:
741:
681:
661:
631:
621:
581:
469:
159:
3494:
3731:
3509:
3313:
3052:
2923:
2722:
1651:
1330:
1168:
1133:
1118:
1028:
1018:
976:
971:
821:
816:
766:
696:
571:
439:
2862:
2239:
2153:
1838:
1043:
3863:
3772:
3298:
2928:
2898:
2582:
2532:
2506:
2207:
2123:
1647:
1223:
1203:
1123:
1088:
981:
956:
906:
831:
756:
671:
611:
419:
352:
342:
297:
1444:
3343:
3318:
3207:
3173:
3136:
2966:
2795:
2663:
2516:
2180:
2057:
1698:
1664:
1627:
1449:
1268:
1233:
1178:
891:
796:
641:
2273:
2091:
2019:
1218:
776:
8:
3628:
3303:
3293:
2587:
1913:
1614:
1273:
1213:
806:
691:
596:
511:
491:
307:
3263:
3212:
3200:
3030:
2990:
2973:
2658:
2567:
1581:, the Portuguese Captain General, tried to provoke the Sinhalese on several occasions.
1345:
1143:
1108:
1001:
716:
701:
561:
459:
444:
3808:
3721:
3489:
3370:
3248:
3217:
3126:
2288:
2245:
2213:
2159:
2129:
1943:
1844:
1650:
along with his father and cousins in 1630. Rajasinghe II began negotiations with the
1562:
1554:
1511:
1454:
1298:
1228:
1158:
811:
801:
771:
566:
526:
395:
3812:
3421:
3238:
3178:
3016:
2638:
1812:. The success of the Sinhalese army at the battle was later glorified in the poems
1788:
1748:
1634:, and Rajasinghe's cousins, Wijayapala and Kumarasinghe, were given control of the
1622:
1570:
1558:
1471:
1365:
1308:
1283:
1163:
1153:
1093:
1083:
1033:
1013:
751:
726:
651:
626:
516:
454:
163:
1783:. Rajasinghe did not reply to this, but ordered his drummers to proclaim that all
3308:
3196:
3062:
2643:
2399:
1597:
1501:
1466:
1360:
1238:
1138:
1078:
791:
781:
656:
591:
541:
2353:
1993:
1887:
363:
3711:
3116:
2908:
2842:
2770:
2376:
2331:
1618:
1496:
1486:
851:
601:
1970:
1630:, the kingdom was split into three parts. His son became the king of Kandy as
1375:
3837:
3188:
1756:
1610:
1380:
876:
546:
105:
92:
74:
61:
2733:
3587:
3243:
3090:
2978:
2653:
2626:
1639:
238:
1787:
force were to leave them. They were told that those who remained would be
1722:
While reconnoitering with his generals in the area around a shrine called
1569:. The Portuguese had attempted three times without success to capture the
3471:
3416:
3163:
3080:
2648:
1739:
1663:
Melo followed an aggressive approach towards Kandy from the beginning. A
1779:
With the Portuguese force suffering heavy casualties, Melo requested an
3565:
3338:
3328:
3268:
3258:
1772:. Whilst, several factors had made the Portuguese fire power and heavy
1677:
731:
3100:
3560:
2487:
1784:
1780:
1764:
1760:
1690:
1566:
3695:
2151:
1836:
1752:
1702:
3623:
3348:
1706:
1573:, in order to bring the entire island under their rule. In 1635,
1763:
carrying provisions and separated them from the main force. The
2697:
United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
2121:
1773:
1769:
1735:
1635:
3690:
2850:
54:
2377:"The travels and adventures of a Portuguese cap maker's son"
2233:
2231:
2229:
181:
Nearly 70,000 (According to Sinhalese book Mandaram puwatha)
3366:
2274:"Re-living the victory and re-visiting Gannoruwa's valiant"
2237:
1714:
attack the Portuguese force upon their return from Kandy.
2226:
2122:
De Silva, Rajpal Kumar; Beumer, Willemina G. M. (1998).
1843:. Vol. 5. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 183.
1605:, who led the Sinhalese army at the Battle of Gannoruwa.
3583:
2152:
Geige, Wilhelm; Rickmers, Christian Mabel Duff (1992).
1942:. Participatory Development Forum. pp. 147, 148.
2400:"Introducing Gaston Perera's Most Recent Publication"
2238:
Pieris, Paulus Edward; Naish, Richard Bryant (1999).
1837:
Fahlbusch, Erwin; Bromiley, Geoffrey William (2008).
1705:, and some Sinhalese. Troops were also brought from
2332:"The French connection at the royal court in Kandy"
2013:
2011:
1933:
1931:
1734:The Portuguese force advanced through Atapitiya to
2125:Illustrations and Views of Dutch Ceylon, 1602-1796
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
1880:"Defeat of Portuguese at the Battle of Gannoruwa"
1830:
393:
3835:
3012:
2008:
1928:
2076:
1969:. The Nation. 12 November 2006. Archived from
1386:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762â63)
2763:
2749:
2692:United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
2459:
379:
254:
2351:
2147:
2145:
2017:
268:
2940:An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon
2307:
2293:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2244:. Asian Educational Services. p. 223.
2158:. Asian Educational Services. p. 234.
2117:
2115:
2113:
2055:
2018:Hewavissenti, Panchamee (3 February 2008).
1991:
1937:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1646:, had fought against the Portuguese at the
216:
16:1638 battle of the Portuguese-Sinhalese War
2756:
2742:
2466:
2452:
2329:
2323:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
1994:"500th anniversary of Portuguese invasion"
1985:
1912:. Saarc.org. 2 August 2008. Archived from
386:
372:
261:
247:
2914:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
2600:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
2374:
2142:
2089:
2873:Sitawaka occupation of Kandy (1582â1592)
2414:
2352:Karalliyaade, S. B. (23 December 2000).
2110:
1961:
1959:
1877:
1864:
1596:
3038:
2702:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
2687:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
2271:
2205:
2038:
3859:Battles involving the Kingdom of Kandy
3836:
3768:Christian Reformed Church in Sri Lanka
3254:Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy
2064:from the original on 24 September 2015
1992:Wijewardene, Tilak (17 October 2003).
1785:Sinhalese that was with the Portuguese
3582:
3365:
3011:
2828:
2737:
2447:
2375:Hulugalle, H. A. J. (6 August 2000).
2187:from the original on 22 February 2011
2178:
2090:Panawatta, Senarath (23 March 2008).
1956:
367:
242:
2502:Kotte conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
2428:from the original on 28 January 2009
2330:Karunasiri, Gamage (10 March 2003).
2241:Ceylon and the Portuguese, 1505-1658
2056:Karaliyadda, S. B. (20 March 2005).
2026:from the original on 7 February 2008
1902:
1878:Neangoda, S. M. J. (29 March 2004).
1642:areas. Rajasinghe, earlier known as
3818:
2894:Dissolution of the Sitawaka Kingdom
2397:
13:
3523:Sinhala words of Portuguese origin
2553:1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola
2128:. Brill Archive. pp. 52, 53.
2098:from the original on 27 March 2008
14:
3880:
3334:Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya
2308:Karunaratne, Gihan (1 May 2012).
3817:
3807:
3798:
3797:
3184:Relic of the tooth of the Buddha
3048:House of Senasammata Vikramabahu
2480:
2179:Akbar, M. Z. (6 November 2005).
1840:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
1561:King's army at Gannoruwa in the
215:
208:
2538:Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya
2391:
2368:
2345:
2301:
2265:
2199:
2172:
2020:"Episodes of colonised history"
1683:
1658:
3234:Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero
2573:SinhaleseâPortuguese conflicts
2543:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
2354:"Rajasinghe-II of Senkadagala"
2212:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1:
3745:Sinhala words of Dutch origin
2962:KandyanâDutch war (1764â1766)
2934:KandyanâDutch war (1670â1675)
2671:Operation Prosperity Guardian
1823:
1592:
397:Portuguese colonial campaigns
3518:Sri Lankan Portuguese creole
2984:Great Rebellion of 1817â1818
2632:Great Rebellion of 1817â1818
2563:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
2424:. BBC News. 6 January 2009.
2181:"An appeal to Muslim voters"
1798:
1717:
1689:5,000 mercenaries including
1680:, much to the king's anger.
7:
3371:The Portuguese in Sri Lanka
3324:Udawattakele Forest Reserve
3058:House of Vimaladharmasuriya
2829:
1940:A Concise Sinhala Mahavamsa
1553:fought in 1638 between the
10:
3885:
3849:Battles involving Portugal
2512:1987â1989 JVP insurrection
1967:"A fateful, invasive wind"
171:Fernão de Mendonça Furtado
3869:17th century in Sri Lanka
3793:
3753:
3730:
3704:
3654:
3647:
3616:
3600:
3578:
3553:
3531:
3508:
3482:
3447:
3440:
3409:
3383:
3361:
3286:
3226:
3156:
3149:
3109:
3071:
3029:
3007:
2949:
2881:
2841:
2824:
2791:
2784:
2710:
2679:
2525:
2494:
2272:News1st (28 March 2015).
2206:Peebles, Patrick (2006).
1729:
1676:, a regional officer, of
405:
282:
203:
190:
175:
146:
133:
36:
28:
23:
3639:Indian Ocean slave trade
3432:Indian Ocean slave trade
3274:Wariyapola Sri Sumangala
2868:Wars of Kotte Succession
2622:Second KandyanâDutch War
2209:The History of Sri Lanka
1938:Wijesooriya, S. (2006).
1551:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
1425:Banda Oriental (1816â20)
1403:Banda Oriental (1776â77)
1356:Banda Oriental (1735â37)
1129:Cape of Good Hope (1630)
323:Dano-Kandyan raids (1619
273:SinhaleseâPortuguese war
75:7.2795056°N 80.6017556°E
31:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
3740:Sri Lankan Creole Malay
2919:1615 Colombo earthquake
2617:First KandyanâDutch War
1579:Diogo de Melo de Castro
1527:Guinea-Bissau (1963â74)
1059:Coromandel Coast (1619)
318:Kandyan raids (1612â13)
160:Diogo de Melo de Castro
3588:The Dutch in Sri Lanka
3314:Malwathu Maha Viharaya
3053:House of Siri Sanga Bo
2924:Kandyan Treaty of 1638
2723:Ceylon in World War II
1910:"History of Sri Lanka"
1606:
1440:Mozambique (1847â1910)
1064:Persian Gulf (1621â22)
967:Indian Ocean (1586â89)
737:Indian Ocean (1538â60)
537:Persian Gulf (1507â15)
502:Indian Ocean (1505â17)
147:Commanders and leaders
125:Sinhalese army victory
3773:Lanka Reformed Church
2929:Siege of Galle (1640)
2899:Convention of Malvana
2583:Battle of Mulleriyawa
2548:PolonnaruwaâPagan War
2533:Battle of Vijithapura
2507:1971 JVP insurrection
2422:"Timeline: Sri Lanka"
2310:"Battle of Gannoruwa"
1648:Battle of Randeniwela
1600:
1319:East Africa (1696â98)
607:Sri Lanka (1520â1658)
229:Location of Gannoruwa
199:4,000 (approximately)
191:Casualties and losses
139:Sinhalese king's army
80:7.2795056; 80.6017556
3844:17th-century battles
3460:Portuguese buildings
3344:Bogoda Wooden Bridge
3319:Asgiri Maha Viharaya
2967:Treaty of Batticaloa
2904:DutchâPortuguese War
2664:Cocos Islands mutiny
2595:DutchâPortuguese War
2517:Sri Lankan Civil War
2398:Nan (29 July 2007).
1555:occupying Portuguese
1549:was a battle of the
1532:Mozambique (1964â74)
1497:Mozambique (1917-18)
1492:Mozambique (1917â18)
1477:East Timor (1911â12)
1415:French Guiana (1809)
1269:2nd Sri Lanka (1654)
1264:1st Sri Lanka (1654)
687:Moluccas (1530â1607)
226:class=notpageimage|
3629:Ceylonese rixdollar
3294:Temple of the Tooth
2851:Pre-Kandyan Period
2816:Transitional period
2588:Campaign of Danture
2402:. The Sunday Island
2183:. Sunday Observer.
2094:. Sunday Observer.
2060:. Sunday Observer.
2022:. Sunday Observer.
1973:on 20 February 2011
1890:on 20 February 2011
1547:Battle of Gannoruwa
1104:Persian Gulf (1625)
1074:Persian Gulf (1622)
1044:Persian Gulf (1614)
987:Sri Lanka (1587â88)
972:Persian Gulf (1586)
857:Sri Lanka (1557â58)
847:Gulf of Oman (1554)
832:Persian Gulf (1551)
702:Persian Gulf (1534)
682:Persian Gulf (1529)
102: /
71: /
24:Battle of Gannoruwa
3264:Keppetipola Disawe
2991:Kandyan Convention
2974:Invasion of Ceylon
2659:Easter Sunday Raid
2058:"Gannoruwa battle"
1724:Dodanwala Dewalaya
1607:
1487:Angola (1914â1917)
1398:Angola (1774â1778)
1209:Malaysia (1640â41)
1149:East Africa (1632)
1069:Trincomalee (1622)
1039:Brazil (1612â1615)
772:East Africa (1542)
732:Brazil (1534â1536)
677:East Africa (1528)
592:East Africa (1517)
517:East Africa (1507)
497:East Africa (1505)
343:Randeniwela (1630)
333:Mulleriyawa (1624)
328:Trincomalee (1622)
298:Mulleriyawa (1559)
3854:Conflicts in 1638
3831:
3830:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3592:
3574:
3573:
3549:
3548:
3375:
3357:
3356:
3282:
3281:
3249:Gongalegoda Banda
3145:
3144:
3127:Diyawadana Nilame
3021:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2953:(1739–1815)
2885:(1592–1739)
2854:(1469–1592)
2731:
2730:
2558:Pandyan Civil War
1814:Konstantinuhatane
1563:District of Kandy
1542:
1541:
1455:Mozambique (1895)
1450:Mozambique (1895)
1274:Malabar (1658â63)
1174:Gold Coast (1637)
1114:Gold Coast (1625)
1002:India (1599â1600)
917:Chaul (1570â1571)
802:Insulindia (1545)
657:Insulindia (1526)
652:Insulindia (1525)
647:Sumatra (1523â24)
622:Insulindia (1521)
482:India (1500â1513)
435:Morocco (1463â64)
361:
360:
303:Colombo (1587â88)
237:
236:
186:5,000 mercenaries
184:1,000 Portuguese
129:
128:
3876:
3821:
3820:
3811:
3801:
3800:
3652:
3651:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3445:
3444:
3401:Captain-generals
3373:
3363:
3362:
3239:Ehelepola Nilame
3179:Esala Mangallaya
3154:
3153:
3132:Basnayaka Nilame
3073:AmÄtya Mandalaya
3036:
3035:
3019:
3017:Kingdom of Kandy
3009:
3008:
2954:
2950:Nayakkar Period
2886:
2855:
2848:
2847:
2826:
2825:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2718:Military history
2711:Related articles
2639:Matale rebellion
2486:
2484:
2483:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2235:
2224:
2223:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2119:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2053:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1886:. Archived from
1875:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1834:
1789:put to the sword
1571:Kingdom of Kandy
1522:Angola (1961â74)
1517:Africa (1961â74)
1482:Angola (1914â15)
1467:Angola (1902â04)
1430:Brazil (1821â25)
1381:Brazil (1762â63)
1259:Brazil (1652â54)
1214:Angola (1641â48)
1164:Arabia (1633â43)
927:Mangalore (1571)
842:Arabia (1552â54)
400:
398:
388:
381:
374:
365:
364:
348:Gannoruwa (1638)
277:
276:
274:
263:
256:
249:
240:
239:
219:
218:
212:
168:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
106:7.283°N 80.583°E
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
86:
85:
83:
82:
81:
76:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
38:
37:
21:
20:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3781:
3749:
3726:
3705:Related peoples
3700:
3667:Dutch buildings
3643:
3612:
3608:Dutch governors
3596:
3595:
3570:
3545:
3527:
3504:
3483:Related peoples
3478:
3436:
3405:
3379:
3378:
3353:
3309:The Kandy House
3278:
3222:
3141:
3105:
3096:Dugganna Nilame
3067:
3063:Nayaks of Kandy
3025:
3024:
2995:
2955:
2952:
2945:
2887:
2884:
2882:Kandyan Period
2877:
2856:
2853:
2837:
2836:
2820:
2787:
2780:
2779:
2762:
2732:
2727:
2706:
2675:
2644:Second Boer War
2521:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2476:armed conflicts
2472:
2442:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2236:
2227:
2220:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2120:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2088:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2054:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2016:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1936:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1916:on 27 July 2011
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1810:Adam Westerwolt
1801:
1732:
1720:
1686:
1661:
1595:
1557:forces and the
1543:
1538:
1502:Timor (1942â43)
1420:China (1809â10)
1351:India (1729â32)
1224:India (1644â45)
1189:India (1638â39)
1119:Malaysia (1628)
1049:Malaysia (1615)
1029:Malaysia (1606)
1024:Malaysia (1606)
982:Malaysia (1587)
977:Malaysia (1586)
947:Malaysia (1575)
942:Malaysia (1574)
937:Malaysia (1573)
932:India (1570â75)
912:Goa (1570â1571)
852:Pakistan (1557)
837:Malaysia (1551)
817:Malaysia (1547)
797:Ethiopia (1543)
792:Ethiopia (1542)
787:Ethiopia (1542)
782:Ethiopia (1542)
777:Ethiopia (1542)
767:Ethiopia (1542)
762:Ethiopia (1541)
727:Moluccas (1536)
722:Malaysia (1536)
717:Malaysia (1535)
707:Malaysia (1534)
642:Malaysia (1523)
602:Malaysia (1520)
557:Malaysia (1511)
401:
396:
394:
392:
362:
357:
296:
292:Kotte (1557â58)
278:
272:
270:
269:
267:
233:
232:
231:
230:
228:
222:
221:
220:
185:
170:
164:
155:
142:Portuguese army
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
87:
79:
77:
73:
70:
65:
62:
60:
58:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3882:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3805:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3712:Burgher people
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3658:
3656:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3601:Administration
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3584:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3451:
3449:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3396:Captain-majors
3393:
3387:
3385:
3384:Administration
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:Esala Perahera
3171:
3169:Kandyan castes
3166:
3160:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3117:Rate Mahatmaya
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Maha Mohottala
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Mannar martyrs
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2771:Kandyan period
2764:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Siege of Kotte
2570:
2568:MingâKotte War
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2413:
2390:
2367:
2344:
2322:
2300:
2264:
2250:
2225:
2218:
2198:
2171:
2164:
2141:
2134:
2109:
2075:
2037:
2007:
1984:
1955:
1948:
1927:
1901:
1863:
1849:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1800:
1797:
1791:the next day.
1731:
1728:
1719:
1716:
1685:
1682:
1660:
1657:
1594:
1591:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Morocco (1769)
1390:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Morocco (1640)
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:Malacca (1629)
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1019:Sumatra (1606)
1016:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
992:Mombasa (1589)
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
952:Morocco (1578)
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
922:Honavar (1571)
919:
914:
909:
907:Sumatra (1569)
904:
902:Malacca (1568)
899:
894:
889:
887:Morocco (1564)
884:
882:Morocco (1562)
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
757:Red Sea (1541)
754:
752:Red Sea (1541)
749:
747:Red Sea (1541)
744:
742:Red Sea (1541)
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
697:Morocco (1533)
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
672:Sumatra (1528)
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
632:Sumatra (1522)
629:
624:
619:
617:Bahrain (1521)
614:
612:Sumatra (1521)
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
587:Morocco (1516)
584:
582:Morocco (1515)
579:
577:Morocco (1515)
574:
572:Morocco (1514)
569:
567:Morocco (1514)
564:
562:Morocco (1513)
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
527:Socotra (1507)
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
487:Algeria (1501)
484:
478:
477:
473:
472:
470:Morocco (1490)
467:
465:Morocco (1489)
462:
460:Morocco (1487)
457:
452:
450:Morocco (1471)
447:
445:Morocco (1471)
442:
440:Morocco (1468)
437:
432:
430:Morocco (1458)
427:
425:Morocco (1437)
422:
420:Morocco (1419)
417:
415:Morocco (1415)
411:
410:
406:
403:
402:
391:
390:
383:
376:
368:
359:
358:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
308:Danture (1594)
305:
300:
294:
289:
287:Vedalai (1538)
283:
280:
279:
266:
265:
258:
251:
243:
235:
234:
224:
223:
214:
213:
207:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
157:
149:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3881:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3824:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:Protestantism
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
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1757:sharpshooters
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1632:Rajasinghe II
1629:
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1603:Rajasinghe II
1599:
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1575:Rajasinghe II
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1472:Angola (1907)
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1300:
1299:Angola (1670)
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1279:MargĂŁo (1659)
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1275:
1272:
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1267:
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1260:
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1250:
1249:Brazil (1649)
1247:
1245:
1244:Brazil (1648)
1242:
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1239:Angola (1647)
1237:
1235:
1234:Brazil (1645)
1232:
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1225:
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1219:Brazil (1641)
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1215:
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1200:
1199:Brazil (1640)
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1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Brazil (1638)
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1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
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1169:Brazil (1636)
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1159:Arabia (1633)
1157:
1155:
1154:Bengal (1632)
1152:
1150:
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1144:Brazil (1631)
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1132:
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1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
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1060:
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995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
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968:
965:
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962:Arabia (1581)
960:
958:
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897:Brazil (1567)
895:
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870:
868:
865:
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860:
858:
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853:
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848:
845:
843:
840:
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835:
833:
830:
828:
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820:
818:
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643:
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638:
637:Arabia (1523)
635:
633:
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628:
625:
623:
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613:
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461:
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455:Guinea (1478)
453:
451:
448:
446:
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441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
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418:
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384:
382:
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370:
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344:
341:
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338:Jaffna (1628)
336:
334:
331:
329:
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321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Balana (1602)
311:
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153:Rajasinghe II
151:
150:
145:
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138:
137:
132:
124:
121:
120:
115:
111:7.283; 80.583
84:
63:07°16â˛46.22âłN
56:
51:
48:
47:
44:28 March 1638
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3864:1638 in Asia
3662:Architecture
3591:(1658â 1796)
3455:Architecture
3304:Natha Devale
3299:Royal Palace
3244:Gajaman Nona
3201:in Sinhalese
3137:Capital city
3122:Badde Lekams
3091:Maha Dissava
2979:Kandyan Wars
2938:
2801:Bibliography
2680:Peacekeeping
2654:World War II
2627:Kandyan Wars
2430:. Retrieved
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2379:. The Island
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2356:. The Island
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2303:
2277:. Retrieved
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2240:
2208:
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2174:
2154:
2124:
2100:. Retrieved
2066:. Retrieved
2028:. Retrieved
1998:. Retrieved
1996:. The Island
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1971:the original
1939:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:the original
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1888:the original
1883:
1854:. Retrieved
1839:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1778:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1712:
1687:
1684:Preparations
1673:
1670:
1662:
1659:Provocations
1644:Maha Asthana
1643:
1608:
1587:
1583:
1546:
1544:
1512:India (1961)
1507:India (1954)
1461:20th century
1445:China (1849)
1435:China (1846)
1409:19th century
1371:India (1752)
1366:India (1746)
1361:India (1746)
1331:India (1704)
1325:18th century
1314:India (1693)
1194:India (1639)
1179:India (1638)
1139:Jambi (1630)
1079:China (1622)
1034:India (1612)
1008:17th century
957:India (1581)
892:Japan (1565)
877:Japan (1561)
867:India (1559)
812:India (1547)
807:India (1546)
712:Tunis (1535)
692:India (1531)
662:India (1526)
627:China (1521)
552:India (1510)
547:India (1509)
542:India (1508)
522:India (1507)
512:India (1506)
507:India (1506)
492:India (1504)
476:16th century
409:15th century
353:Galle (1640)
347:
165:
134:Belligerents
66:80°36â˛6.32âłE
18:
3823:WikiProject
3674:Place names
3541:Catholicism
3472:Baila music
3374:(1597â1658)
3193:Literature
3164:Kandyan law
3081:Maha Adigar
3020:(1469â1815)
2786:1592 â 1815
2649:World War I
2315:13 December
2279:13 December
1014:Java (1601)
667:Java (1527)
109: /
78: /
53:Gannoruwa,
3838:Categories
3566:Joseph Vaz
3500:Portuguese
3339:Kandy Lake
3329:Wales Park
3269:Puran Appu
3259:Joseph Vaz
3031:Government
2478:involving
2432:31 January
2406:1 February
2383:1 February
2360:1 February
2337:30 January
2257:29 January
2191:29 January
2102:29 January
2068:29 January
2030:29 January
2000:29 January
1977:29 January
1920:29 January
1894:29 January
1884:Daily News
1856:30 January
1824:References
1818:Mahahatane
1678:Batticaloa
1593:Background
597:Goa (1517)
156:Wijayapala
97:80°34â˛59âłE
3732:Languages
3561:Lascarins
3510:Languages
3287:Landmarks
2488:Sri Lanka
2155:Cōḡavaášsa
1799:Aftermath
1781:armistice
1776:useless.
1765:Lascarins
1761:Lascarins
1718:Royal vow
1691:Lascarins
1567:Sri Lanka
1559:Sinhalese
94:7°16â˛59âłN
3803:Category
3755:Religion
3696:Lamprais
3533:Religion
3495:Mestiços
3427:Cinnamon
3391:Captains
3208:Frescoes
3040:Monarchs
2863:Founding
2806:Timeline
2495:Domestic
2426:Archived
2289:cite web
2185:Archived
2096:Archived
2062:Archived
2024:Archived
1753:Mahaweli
1703:Canarese
1628:Senarath
1615:Sitawaka
176:Strength
49:Location
29:Part of
3655:Culture
3648:Society
3624:Stuiver
3617:Economy
3490:Kaffirs
3448:Culture
3441:Society
3410:Economy
3349:Walauwa
3218:Jewelry
3213:Ivories
3197:in Pali
3157:Culture
3150:Society
3101:BandÄra
2843:History
2833:History
2796:Outline
2773:topics
2526:Foreign
1774:cannons
1770:jingals
1707:Malacca
1695:Kaffirs
1665:caravan
196:Unknown
166:†
3813:Portal
3722:Malays
3634:Coffee
3227:People
2485:
2474:Major
2248:
2216:
2162:
2132:
1946:
1847:
1736:Balana
1730:Battle
1699:Malays
1674:Disawe
1636:Matale
1619:Jaffna
1617:, and
162:
122:Result
3717:Dutch
3691:Kokis
3686:Music
3679:Dutch
3554:Other
3467:Music
3422:Tombo
3417:Maral
3189:Dance
3110:Other
2811:Years
1749:Moors
1652:Dutch
1623:Kandy
1611:Kotte
1601:King
55:Kandy
2610:1591
2605:1560
2434:2009
2408:2009
2385:2009
2362:2009
2339:2009
2317:2015
2295:link
2281:2015
2259:2009
2246:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2193:2009
2160:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2104:2009
2070:2009
2032:2009
2002:2009
1979:2009
1944:ISBN
1922:2009
1896:2009
1858:2009
1845:ISBN
1816:and
1740:fort
1738:, a
1638:and
1545:The
41:Date
1640:Uva
3840::
3199:,
2291:}}
2287:{{
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2144:^
2112:^
2078:^
2040:^
2010:^
1958:^
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1820:.
1701:,
1697:,
1693:,
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2222:.
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2004:.
1981:.
1952:.
1924:.
1898:.
1860:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
