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136:, who was under house arrest in SárĂ. After being attacked at the town of Barfurush (home of QuddĂşs), the group took up making defensive fortifications at the nearby Shrine of the Shaykh. Upon arriving at the shrine, the BábĂs, numbering a little over 300 according to BábĂ and Baháʼà sources and according to royal court historians, came under escalating attacks from mobs, local government forces and then imperial regiments.
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minor former clerics of Islam, 12 nobility or high government officials, 5 wholesale merchants, 9 retail merchants, 39 guild tradesmen, 6 unskilled laborers, 6 peasants, and 152 unclassified. Different sources have some similarities of which cities/provinces they came from — the highest numbers coming from
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A scholarly review finds reasonable support for between 540 and 600 people present including over a hundred villagers who joined locally after those that arrived from across the country. A census of the BábĂs who had traveled some distance to the Shrine shows 14 major former clerics of Islam, 122
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On May 10, 1849, at last having been reduced to near-starvation by the encirclement, the Bábà defenders surrendered after a guarantee of safe passage from the government commander, including an oath sworn on the Quran — a guarantee that was immediately violated, with most of the members of the
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was taken prisoner in the city of
Barfurush. There the leading Muslim clerics rallied the townsfolk into a vicious frenzy. Quddus was then left to the hands of the mob who beat him to death on May 16, 1849. What remained of Quddus' body was gathered by a friend and buried nearby.
245:-i Bushru'i to initiate this sequence of events with raising the "Black Standard" as well as a call for support of the collective initiative of BábĂs. The episode included two leading figures of the religion in Mulla Husayn and QuddĂşs and overall nine out of eighteen of the
128:, one of the most prominent BábĂs and the very first person to accept the new faith, marched with 202 of his fellow disciples, under instructions from the Báb, from Mashhad to the Shrine of Shaykh TabarsĂ with the
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Sources describe the building of the fort as a matter of self-defence. The BábĂ's spent many months under attack in the fort, resorting to eating the leather of their own clothes to remain alive.
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over a period of seven months: October 10, 1848 to May 10, 1849. The commanding prince in charge of the government troops, unable to force the surrender of the followers of the
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Over the weeks that followed, more and more BábĂs joined their fellow believers at the fort with numbers rising to perhaps six hundred. Most notable of the late arrivals is
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see the battle as a heroic stand against oppressive government forces; it lasted seven months despite the few hundred BábĂs being outnumbered by up to 10,000 troops.
249:, and actually received a widespread response across the country. No other upheaval the BábĂs suffered had this amount of importance attached to it.
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raised, fulfilling an
Islamic prophecy. The mission was most likely proclamatory but possibly also to rescue another Bábà leader,
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294:(May 1983). "The Social Basis of the Babi Upheavals in Iran (1848-53): A Preliminary Analysis".
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The battle was also followed and mentioned in French language newspaper accounts from the
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The battle is considered the most important upheaval of the Bábà religion because the
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Zabihi-Moghaddam, Siyamak (2002). "The Babi-State
Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi".
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Zabihi-Moghaddam, Siyamak (2002). "The Babi-State
Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi".
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484:(Hardcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼà Publishing Trust.
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religion massacred on the spot after leaving the fort.
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185:It is believed that eight of the disciples of the
268:one of the other major events of the Bábà period.
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29:The examples and perspective in this article
296:International Journal of Middle East Studies
478:(1932). Shoghi Effendi (Translator) (ed.).
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523:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼà Faith
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
193:, were killed in the series of battles:
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93:of a battle between the forces of the
527:. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications.
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481:The Dawn-Breakers: NabĂl's Narrative
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454:Mehrabkhani, Ruhu'llah (1987).
218:Mullá Ahmad-i-Ibdal-i-Maraghi'i
593:History of Mazandaran province
460:. Los Angeles: Kalimát Press.
457:Mulla Husayn: Disciple at Dawn
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409:Aux détails sur la Perse…
403:Journal de Constantinople
360:10.1080/00210860208702012
308:10.1017/s0020743800052260
254:Journal de Constantinople
208:Muhammad-Baqir-i-Bushru'i
203:Muhammad-Hasan-i-Bushru'i
435:Resurrection and Renewal
388:The Dawnbreakers pg. 411
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121:Leading up to the Battle
78:Shrine of Shaykh ṬabarsĂ
198:Mullá Husayn-i-Bushru'i
126:Mullá Husayn-i-Bushru'i
588:Battles involving Iran
431:Amanat, Abbas (1989).
222:Mullá Yusif-i-Ardibili
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519:Smith, Peter (1999).
266:Conference of Badasht
247:Letters of the Living
191:Letters of the Living
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212:Mullá Mahmud-i-Khu'i
399:Nouvellees de Perse
241:himself instructed
215:Mullá Jalil-i-Urumi
111:Mazandaran Province
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510:has generic name (
189:, also called the
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598:Conflicts in 1842
534:978-1-85168-184-6
491:978-0-900125-22-5
467:978-0-933770-37-9
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260:See also
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372:S2CID
364:JSTOR
320:S2CID
312:JSTOR
273:Notes
103:BábĂs
529:ISBN
512:help
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