Battle of Cape Esperance

2455: 747:—intercepted Gotō's force as it approached Savo Island near Guadalcanal. Taking the Japanese by surprise, Scott's warships sank one of Gotō's cruisers and one of his destroyers, heavily damaged another cruiser, mortally wounded Gotō, and forced the rest of Gotō's warships to abandon the bombardment mission and retreat. During the exchange of gunfire, one of Scott's destroyers was sunk, and one cruiser and another destroyer were heavily damaged. In the meantime, the Japanese supply convoy successfully completed unloading at Guadalcanal and began its return journey without being discovered by Scott's force. Later on the morning of 12 October, four Japanese destroyers from the supply convoy turned back to assist Gotō's retreating, damaged warships. Air attacks by U.S. aircraft from Henderson Field sank two of these destroyers later that day. 2101: 1563: 147: 161: 1409: 1237:" bombers and 30 Zeros—arrived over Henderson Field. In an ensuing air battle with the CAF, one G4M and two U.S. fighters were downed. Although the Japanese attacks failed to inflict significant damage, they did prevent CAF bombers from finding and attacking the reinforcement group. As the reinforcement group transited the Slot, relays of 11th Air Fleet Zeros from Buin provided escort. Emphasizing the importance of this convoy for Japanese plans, the last flight of the day was ordered to remain on station over the convoy until darkness, then 964: 7604: 1398: 1574: 868: 1150: 1941: 41: 1139: 1299:. As the floatplanes were launched, Jojima's force was just passing around the mountainous northwestern shoulder of Guadalcanal, and neither force sighted each other. At 22:20, Jojima radioed Gotō and told him no U.S. ships were in the vicinity. Although Jojima's force later heard Scott's floatplanes overhead while unloading along the north shore of Guadalcanal, they failed to report this to Gotō. 2295: 926:, which delivered heavy equipment to the island including vehicles and heavy artillery other warships could not carry because of space limitations. The Japanese Navy promised to support the army's planned offensive by delivering the necessary troops, equipment, and supplies to the island, and by stepping up air attacks on Henderson Field and sending warships to bombard the airfield. 856:" to Guadalcanal and back in a single night, thereby minimizing their exposure to air attacks. Delivering troops in this manner, however, prevented most of the heavy equipment and supplies, such as heavy artillery, vehicles, and much food and ammunition, from being delivered. In addition, they expended destroyers, which were desperately needed for 2546:

destroyer and cruiser commanders. Incorrectly applying the perceived lessons learned from this battle, U.S. commanders in future naval night battles in the Solomons consistently tried to prove that American naval gunfire was more effective than Japanese torpedo attacks. This belief was severely tested just two months later during the

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s Captain Araki Tsuto—who survived the sinking of his ship—blamed the loss of his cruiser on bad air reconnaissance and poor leadership from the 8th fleet staff under Admiral Mikawa. Although Gotō's bombardment mission failed, Jojima's reinforcement convoy was successful in delivering the crucial men

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At 00:16, Scott ordered his ships to turn to a heading of 330° in an attempt to pursue the fleeing Japanese ships. Scott's ships, however, quickly lost sight of Gotō's ships, and all firing ceased by 00:20. The American formation was beginning to scatter, so Scott ordered a turn to 205° to disengage.

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aircraft spotted Jojima's force off Guadalcanal and reported it to Scott. Scott, believing more Japanese ships were likely still on the way, continued his course towards the west side of Savo Island. At 23:33, Scott ordered his column to turn towards the southwest to a heading of 230°. All of Scott's

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As with the preceding naval engagements around Guadalcanal and to be expected from a battle of relatively limited size, the strategic outcome was inconclusive because neither the Japanese nor United States navies secured operational control of the waters around Guadalcanal as a result of this action,

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firing 912 8-inch shells. The delivered troops and equipment helped complete Japanese preparations for the large land offensive scheduled to begin on 23 October. The convoy of U.S. Army troops reached Guadalcanal on 13 October as planned and were key participants for the Allied side in the decisive

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in an effort to gain positional advantage on the approaching enemy force. The destroyers were to illuminate any targets with searchlights and discharge torpedoes while the cruisers were to open fire at any available targets without awaiting orders. The cruiser's float aircraft, launched in advance,

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in early August, the Japanese had established operational control over the waters around Guadalcanal at night. However, any Japanese ship remaining within range—about 200 mi (170 nmi; 320 km)—of American aircraft at Henderson Field during the daylight hours was in danger of damaging

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radioed for permission to open fire, using the general procedure request, "Interrogatory Roger" (meaning, basically, "Are we clear to act?"). Scott answered with, "Roger", meaning only that the message was received, not that he was confirming the request to act. Upon receipt of Scott's "Roger",

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to Rabaul in preparation for delivering them to Guadalcanal. From 14 September to 9 October, numerous Tokyo Express runs delivered troops from the Japanese 2nd Infantry Division as well as Hyakutake to Guadalcanal. In addition to cruisers and destroyers, some of these runs included the seaplane

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The Cape Esperance victory helped prevent an accurate U.S. assessment of Japanese skills and tactics in naval night fighting. The U.S. was still unaware of the range and power of Japanese torpedoes, the effectiveness of Japanese night optics, and the skilled fighting ability of most Japanese

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s main ammunition magazine between turrets one and two. The resulting explosion killed almost 100 men and threatened to blow the ship apart. Seawater rushed in through rents in her hull opened by the explosion and helped quench the fire before it could explode the ship's powder magazines.

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and a heavy bombardment operation against Henderson Field would be conducted soon after, causing severe destruction in the three nights between 13 and 16 October. However, the Battle of Cape Esperance provided a significant morale boost to the U.S. Navy after its disastrous defeat at the

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bombarded and almost destroyed Henderson Field, firing a total of 918 14-inch shells. One day after that, a large Japanese convoy successfully delivered 4,500 troops and equipment to the island. This was followed on the night of 14/15 October by a bombardment from heavy cruisers

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in the Slot at 14:45 on the same day and reported it as two "cruisers" and six destroyers. Gotō's force—following the convoy—was not sighted. In response to the sighting of Jojima's force, at 16:07 Scott turned toward Guadalcanal for an interception.

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Captain Kikunori Kijima—Gotō's chief of staff and commander of the bombardment force during the return trip to the Shortland Islands after Gotō's death in battle—claimed that his force had sunk two American cruisers and one destroyer.

2031:, continuing to receive damaging hits, turned to starboard to head away from Scott's formation and began making a smoke screen which led most of the Americans to believe that she was sinking. Scott's ships shifted their fire to 1031:) under Scott, to intercept and combat any Japanese ships approaching Guadalcanal and threatening the convoy. Scott conducted one night battle practice with his ships on 8 October, then took station south of Guadalcanal near 1165:

At 08:00, on 11 October, Jojima's reinforcement group departed the Shortland Islands anchorage to begin their 250 mi (220 nmi; 400 km) run down the Slot to Guadalcanal. The six destroyers that accompanied

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During the battle between Scott's and Gotō's ships, Jojima's reinforcement group completed unloading at Guadalcanal and began its return journey unseen by Scott's warships, using a route that passed south of the

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Scott crafted a simple battle plan for the expected engagement. His ships would steam in column with his destroyers at the front and rear of his cruiser column, searching across a 300 degree arc with SG surface

948:—that the Marines on Guadalcanal needed to be reinforced immediately if the Allies were to successfully defend the island from the next expected Japanese offensive. Thus, on 8 October, the 2,837 men of the 843:

The threat posed by Allied aircraft prevented the Japanese from using large, slow transport ships to deliver their troops and supplies to the island, so warships were used instead. These ships—mainly light

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Although a tactical victory for the U.S., Cape Esperance had little immediate strategic effect on the situation on Guadalcanal. Just two days later on the night of 13/14 October, the Japanese battleships

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Because secondary armament mounted is typically mounted on one side of the superstructure, it can only fire toward that side of the ship. Therefore, its broadside includes only half the total number of

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and lingered in the area around Guadalcanal, heavily bombarding Henderson field and looking to intercept Allied reinforcement convoys. This buildup of naval forces would culminate in the subsequent

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for repairs—was dubbed the "one-ship fleet" by the press for her exploits in the battle, although this was mainly because the names of the other involved ships were withheld for security reasons.

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Map showing the movements of Gotō's and Jojima's forces during the battle. The light grey line skirting Savo Island depicts Gotō's planned approach and exit route for the bombardment mission.

2829:, p. 225. Since not all the TF 64 warships were available, Scott's force was designated as Task Group 64.2. The U.S. destroyers were from Squadron 12, commanded by Captain Robert G. Tobin in 1898:

s radar registered the Japanese ships, but Scott was not informed of the sighting. By 23:45, Gotō's ships were only 5,000 yd (4,600 m) away from Scott's formation and visible to

7665: 2097:—still engaged in her solitary torpedo attack on the Japanese formation—was also hit by gunfire from both sides, set afire, and looped away in her own effort to escape the crossfire. 2017:

Scott—still unsure who his ships were firing at and afraid they might be firing on his own destroyers—ordered a ceasefire at 23:47, although not every ship complied. Scott ordered

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of the Japanese formation, giving Scott's ships a significant tactical advantage. At 23:46, still assuming that Scott was aware of the rapidly approaching Japanese warships,

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task force at Cape Esperance represented the U.S. Navy's first major attempt to wrest night time operational control of waters around Guadalcanal away from the Japanese.

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brought up the rear. The distance between each ship ranged from 500 to 700 yd (460 to 640 m). Visibility was poor because the moon had already set, leaving no

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survivors, floating in the same general area. The Japanese initially refused all rescue attempts but a day later allowed themselves to be picked up and taken prisoner.

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As Gotō's ships endeavored to escape, Scott's ships tightened their formation and then turned to pursue the retreating Japanese warships. At 00:06, two torpedoes from

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scuttled her with a torpedo, picked up her survivors, and joined the rest of the Japanese warships for the remainder of their return trip to the Shortland Islands.

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The 2,000 to 3,000 Japanese personnel on the islands were taken by complete surprise, and by nightfall on 8 August, the 11,000 Allied troops, under the command of

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who mistakenly believed the two cruisers were actually tracking the three U.S. destroyers that were thrown out of formation during the column turn. Scott radioed

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U.S. Navy track chart of the battle accurately depicts the movements of the U.S. ships (lower tracks) but not the Japanese ship tracks (upper, darker line).

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The Solomon Islands area in the south Pacific. The Japanese base at Rabaul is at the upper left. Guadalcanal (lower right) lies at the southeastern end of "

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collapsed, causing the ship to sink 6 mi (5.2 nmi; 9.7 km) north of Savo Island. American servicemen in boats from Guadalcanal as well as

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received several damaging hits from both the Japanese and the American ships, killing several men. She escaped from the crossfire by crossing ahead of

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s communications systems and demolished two of her main gun turrets as well as her main gun director. Several large-caliber projectiles passed through

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commanded the convoy and Jojima was not present. Jojima may have issued orders to the convoy from elsewhere in the Solomon Islands or from Rabaul.

5580: 4892: 1234: 907:, from 12–14 September; both failed. The Japanese set their next major attempt to recapture Henderson Field for 20 October and moved most of the 2484:

Scott claimed that his force sank three Japanese cruisers and four destroyers. News of the victory was widely publicized in the American media.

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assisted in sinking three cruisers and three destroyers, greatly exaggerating actual Japanese losses in the battle. The claimed kills include a

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were attacked by another group of 11 CAF SBDs and TBFs escorted by 12 fighters at 15:45. An SBD placed its bomb almost directly amidships on

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about 1,400 yd (1,300 m) away and raked her with shellfire, joined soon by most of the rest of Scott's formation. Heavily damaged,

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replied, "Affirmative, coming up on your starboard side," further confirming Scott's belief that the radar contacts were his own destroyers.

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fighters swept over Henderson Field just after mid-day but failed to engage any U.S. aircraft. Forty-five minutes later, the second wave—45

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The Battles of Cape Esperance, 11 October 1942 and Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942 (Combat Narratives. Solomon Islands Campaign, 4–5)

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which fired a combined 752 8-inch shells at the airfield, and then again during the night of 15/16 October, this time by heavy cruisers

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To protect the transports carrying the 164th to Guadalcanal, Ghormley ordered Task Force 64 (TF 64), consisting of four cruisers (

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s damage caused her to lose power around 00:50, and she sank at 02:28, 22 mi (19 nmi; 35 km) northwest of Savo Island.

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s lookouts identified the ships as American, but Gotō remained skeptical and directed his ships to flash identification signals. As

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their aircraft and await pickup by the reinforcement group's destroyers. All six Zeros ditched; only one pilot was recovered.

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Shortly before midnight on 11 October, a U.S. force of four cruisers and five destroyers—under the command of Rear Admiral

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to begin leaking oil, marking a trail for other CAF aircraft to follow. A short time later, seven more CAF SBDs and six

1872:—still unaware of Gotō's approaching warships—increased speed to resume their stations at the front of the U.S. column. 7419: 7288: 7166: 6744: 6459: 6410: 6168: 5723: 4975: 4814: 4662: 4516: 4255: 3492: 2347: 2261:

s crew made an attempt to keep her from sinking. By 12:00, however, they had to abandon the effort as bulkheads within

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routes between the U.S. and Australia, and secure starting points for a campaign to isolate the major Japanese base at

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At 22:00, as Scott's ships neared Cape Hunter at the northwest end of Guadalcanal, three of Scott's cruisers launched

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staff, headquartered at Rabaul, scheduled a large and important Tokyo Express supply run for the night of 11 October.

7535: 6417: 6389: 6206: 5788: 5507: 5474: 4007: 3985: 3966: 3947: 3928: 3909: 3890: 3802: 3783: 3764: 3745: 3715: 3693: 3663: 3640: 3621: 3542: 3467: 2367:, found the two Japanese destroyers 170 mi (150 nmi; 270 km) from Guadalcanal. In the ensuing attack, 1205: 1175: 1047: 921: 4690: 840:—with the task of retaking Guadalcanal. On 19 August, various units of the 17th Army began to arrive on the island. 7572: 6730: 6667: 5802: 5638: 4761: 4084: 2562: 1520: 1114: 416: 301: 278: 5315: 2246:

to search for her and retired with the rest of his ships towards Nouméa, arriving in the afternoon of 13 October.

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class destroyers (as per Office of Naval Intelligence: "ONI 222-US, United States Navy Vessels" for example)

2920:, pp. 149–150. Frank says five of the Zero pilots were not recovered, but Cook says all but one was rescued. 1389:. The Japanese, however, whose warships were not equipped with radar, remained unaware of Scott's presence. 7700: 7616: 7512: 6887: 6848: 5767: 5602: 5587: 5514: 5493: 5311: 4989: 4775: 4768: 4752: 4463: 4422: 4394: 2870:

states Jojima commanded the reinforcement convoy. Other accounts, however, state the commanding officer of

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after the ship's return to the U.S. for battle damage repairs in November 1942. The scoreboard claims that

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s flag bridge without exploding, but the force of their passage killed many men and mortally wounded Gotō.

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At 22:33, just after passing Cape Esperance, Scott's ships assumed battle formation. The column was led by

1080:. The supply convoy—called the "Reinforcement Group" by the Japanese—was under the command of Rear Admiral 2501: 2331:, which had paused in her retreat northward to cover the withdrawal of Jojima's ships. At 07:00, five CAF 702:—sent a major supply and reinforcement convoy to their forces on Guadalcanal. The convoy consisted of two 7579: 6903: 6855: 6473: 6445: 6298: 5913: 5892: 5413: 5076: 4982: 4472: 2532: 2489: 2448: 2050:, igniting a large fire that attracted even more shellfire from the U.S. ships. At 23:58, a torpedo from 1248:

aircraft from Guadalcanal sighted Jojima's supply convoy 210 mi (180 nmi; 340 km) between

1084:. At the same time but in a separate operation, the three heavy cruisers of Cruiser Division 6 (CruDiv6)— 569: 421: 364: 7670: 7377: 6873: 6792: 6737: 6625: 6581: 6231: 5857: 5781: 5683: 5560: 5432: 5425: 5385: 5358: 5090: 5023: 4618: 4429: 4359: 2539: 2507: 1633: 1057: 990: 904: 369: 359: 2520: 1381:. At 23:30, Gotō's ships emerged from the last rain squall and began appearing on the radar scopes of 7279: 7196: 6981: 6841: 6813: 6646: 6551: 6341: 5774: 4848: 4502: 3737: 2514: 1955:

s lookouts sighted Scott's force, but Gotō assumed that they were Jojima's ships. Two minutes later,

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With their heavier concentration of surface combat vessels, their well-positioned logistical base at

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On the night of 11 October, Japanese naval forces in the Solomon Islands area—under the command of

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chose to turn to port rather than to starboard and so escaped the Americans' immediate attention.

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air attacks. This persisted for the months of August and September 1942. The presence of Admiral

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On 11 October, a large force of carriers and battleships together with their escort groups left

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s radar showed the Japanese warships to be about 27,700 yd (25,300 m) away. At 23:35,

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Continuing with preparations for the October offensive, Japanese Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa's

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exchanged fire with each other, each hitting the other several times, causing minor damage to

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later wrote, "Cape Esperance was a three-sided battle in which chance was the major winner."

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The first attempt by the Japanese Army to recapture Henderson Field was on 21 August, in the

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was hit by a torpedo in her engineering spaces, leaving her without power. In the meantime,

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by the Allies) with the object of destroying Allied aircraft and the airfield's facilities.

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First Team And the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942

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as they approached Guadalcanal at 30 kn (35 mph; 56 km/h). Gotō's flagship

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were commencing an attack on the Japanese warships, increased speed to launch a solitary

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to ask if the destroyer was attempting to resume its station at the front of the column.

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on 9 October, to await word of any Japanese naval movement toward the southern Solomons.

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To protect the reinforcement group's approach to Guadalcanal from the CAF, the Japanese

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is the northernmost point on Guadalcanal, and the battle took its name from this point.

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sank at 16:27. The CAF aircraft also scored several more hits on the stationary

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and nearby small islands as well as the Japanese airfield under construction at

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reached the sanctuary of the Japanese base in the Shortland Islands at 10:00.

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Jojima, upon learning of the bombardment force's crisis, detached destroyers

1238: 1210:. Gotō departed the Shortland Islands for Guadalcanal at 14:00 the same day. 957: 930: 861: 669: 655: 626: 354: 152: 110: 97: 4320:– Copy of the commander of U.S. Destroyer Squadron 12's after action report. 4247: 4228: 4209: 4190: 4076: 3488: 7608: 7412: 5712: 5617: 5248: 4611: 4375: 4325: 2113: 2047: 1249: 1107: 968: 817:" by the Allies. Allied aircraft operating from Henderson were called the " 711: 696: 614: 449: 431: 32: 4038: 3994: 3538: 7247: 7233: 6895: 5571: 5392: 5377: 4731: 4301:"Report of Action off Savo Island, Solomons, Night of 11–12 October 1942" 4282:. Publications Branch, Office of Naval Intelligence, United States Navy. 2335: 2231:

extinguished her fires by 02:40 and at 03:05 rejoined Scott's formation.

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ships understood the order as a column movement except Scott's own ship,

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for the trip to Guadalcanal with a projected arrival date of 13 October.

810: 726: 638: 634: 610: 89: 85: 28: 3759:. Dr. Duncan Anderson (consultant editor). Oxford and New York: Osprey. 3757:

Japanese Army in World War II: The South Pacific and New Guinea, 1942–43

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were to find and illuminate the Japanese warships with flares. Although

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turned on their searchlights to help target the Japanese ships, giving

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immediately sheered out of the column and retreated from the action.

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in her forward engine room, causing severe damage. During this time,

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Battles and operations of World War II involving the Solomon Islands

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s crew executed Gotō's order, the first American salvo smashed into

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while two more near misses contributed to her severe damage. After

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but inflicted no damage. At 08:20, 11 more SBDs found and attacked

1925:—thinking they now had permission—opened fire, quickly followed by 1891:

attack on Gotō's force without telling Scott what they were doing.

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was close to his formation he ordered the fire resumed at 23:51.

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World War II naval operations and battles of the Pacific theatre

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Gotō's force was taken almost completely by surprise. At 23:43,

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s lookouts. The U.S. formation at this point was in position to

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Plus: 2 retreating destroyers sunk by aircraft the following day

40: 5746: 4344: 3841:(1981). "The Similarity of Past and Present Standoff Threats". 1346: 1138: 884: 857: 784: 768: 2276:

s scattered survivors from the sea around Savo. In total, 195

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s radars also detected Gotō's ships. Between 23:42 and 23:44,

1817:, thereby throwing the three van destroyers out of formation. 5934: 3921:

With All Our Might: The WWII History of the USS Boise (Cl-47)

2440: 1262: 833: 4269: 2628:, p. 309. Frank breaks down the Japanese deaths as follows: 717:. At the same time but in a separate operation, three heavy 629:

was the second of four major surface engagements during the

4055: 4021:"Pick out the biggest": Mike Moran and the men of the Boise 2294: 1378: 875:", the route utilized by Japanese "Tokyo Express" missions. 3978:

Blood on the Sea: American Destroyers Lost in World War II

3680:

Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle

2652:

in addition to Gotō and 33 were killed and 110 missing on

2352:. Although they scored no direct hits, a near miss caused 2021:

to flash her recognition signals, and upon observing that

864:" by the Allies and "Rat Transportation" by the Japanese. 7666:

Naval battles of World War II involving the United States

4058:"IJN Seaplane Tender Chitose: Tabular Record of Movement" 3734:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

3730:

The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943

3710:. Champaign, Illinois, US: University of Illinois Press. 3654:

A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945

2235:—on fire—was abandoned by her crew at 02:00. Unaware of 1278:

carried the new, greatly improved SG radar, Scott chose

4152:

History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II

2480:, neither of which were even present at Cape Esperance. 2443:, for repairs that were completed on 15 February 1943. 5006:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

4172:"Stumbling Into Victory: The Battle of Cape Esperance" 4146:

Hough, Frank O.; Ludwig, Verle E.; Shaw, Henry I. Jr.

3633:

Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II

3614:

The Battle of Cape Esperance: Encounter at Guadalcanal

3095:

assuming a by that time typical armament of 4 guns on

2093:

and passing to the disengaged side of Scott's column.

721:

and two destroyers—under the command of Rear Admiral

633:

and took place at the entrance to the strait between

2410:, setting her afire. After her crew abandoned ship, 2287:

s crew, the Americans came across the more than 100

821:" (CAF) after the Allied code name for Guadalcanal. 51:

disembarks dead and wounded crew members near Buin,

3899: 2488:—which was damaged enough to require a trip to the 2143:s gunners clear targets. At 00:10, two shells from 940:forces in the South Pacific—convinced Vice Admiral 4305:Destroyer History Home Page (DestroyerHistory.org) 4098: 4074: 4036: 4018: 3859: 3677: 3651: 2771:, pp. 224, 251–254, 266–268, & 289–290; Dull, 1699:Secondary battery: 8 × 5-inch/25-cal. dual-purpose 1652:Secondary battery: 8 × 5-inch/25-cal. dual-purpose 1619:Secondary battery: 8 × 5-inch/25-cal. dual-purpose 3998:; Henry A. Mustin & Colin G. Jameson (1994). 3361:, pp. 95–96, 108–110, 114–130, 135–138, Morison, 3089: 1353:led the Japanese cruisers in column, followed by 7637: 3063: 3061: 852:—were usually able to make the round trip down " 4330:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4252:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4233:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4214:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4195:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4105:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4081:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4062:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 4043:Imperial Japanese Navy Page (CombinedFleet.com) 3862:Neptune's Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal 2686:, p. 18. Henderson Field was named after Major 767:forces (primarily U.S.) landed on Guadalcanal, 59:a few hours after the battle on 12 October 1942 2458:A U.S. sailor points to the scoreboard on USS 2280:sailors survived; 48 did not. As they rescued 2225:s survivors and joined the retreat northward. 602: 7686:Military history of Japan during World War II 7661:Naval battles of World War II involving Japan 4360: 3058: 2417: 2207:in retirement to the north through the Slot. 465: 309: 16:Battle in the Pacific theatre of World War II 4274:The Battle of Cape Esperance 11 October 1942 2579: 2577: 479: 4248:"IJN Natsugumo: Tabular Record of Movement" 4210:"IJN Hatsuyuki: Tabular Record of Movement" 4056:Hackett, Bob; Sander Kingsepp (1998–2006). 3857: 3773: 3630: 3616:(Reissue ed.). Naval Institute Press. 2750:, pp. 141–143, 156–158, 228–246, & 681. 944:—overall commander of Allied forces in the 609:, took place on 11–12 October 1942, in the 241:reinforcement convoy (indirectly involved): 4367: 4353: 4229:"IJN Murakumo: Tabular Record of Movement" 4101:"IJN Kinugasa: Tabular Record of Movement" 4077:"IJN Furutaka: Tabular Record of Movement" 3880: 472: 458: 316: 302: 4326:"IJN Nisshin: Tabular Record of Movement" 3937: 2966:, pp. 22–23, 25–27, and 37; and Morison, 2574: 1496:Anti-aircraft battery: 8 × 25mm, 4 × 13mm 1419: 1345:Gotō's force passed through several rain 4191:"IJN Fubuki: Tabular Record of Movement" 4169: 3702: 2599:, p. 310. Breakdown of U.S. deaths are: 2453: 2293: 2099: 1980:was quickly hit by up to 40 shells from 1939: 1572: 1561: 1407: 1396: 1148: 1137: 1046:would be joined by the seaplane carrier 962: 866: 323: 3942:(New ed.). Naval Institute Press. 3918: 3843:Proceedings of the U.S. Naval Institute 3754: 3724: 1813:—following immediately behind—followed 157: 7638: 6214: 6192:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 4245: 4226: 4207: 4188: 4039:"IJN Aoba: Tabular Record of Movement" 4016: 3975: 3956: 3268:Struggle for Guadalcanal, pp. 161–162. 2496:was under repair until 20 March 1943. 7691:Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II 7063:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 6495:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 6141:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 6097:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 5202:Rape during the occupation of Germany 4348: 4323: 4298: 4270:Office of Naval Intelligence (1943). 3818: 3797:. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Ltd. 3792: 3778:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Co. 3672: 2690:, a marine aviator killed during the 2648:- 17. Hackett says 80 were killed on 1557: 453: 297: 45:The heavily damaged Japanese cruiser 6185:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 5217:Rape during the liberation of France 3902:Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War 3900:Lacroix, Eric; Linton Wells (1997). 3837: 3649: 3611: 3141:, pp. 42–43, 45–47, 51–53, Morison, 2848:IJN Aoba: Tabular Record of Movement 2542:that took place from 23–26 October. 2447:was sunk one month later during the 2254:about 03:00, and several members of 1849:reported their contacts to Scott on 1052:to deliver 728 soldiers, four large 915:, totalling 17,500 troops, from the 3883:Naval Night Battles of the Solomons 3286:, pp. 74–75, 88–95, 100–105, Dull, 1933:, and to Scott's further surprise, 13: 6411:German invasion of the Netherlands 4691:Weather events during World War II 3812: 3328:, pp. 58, 97–98, 111, 120, Frank, 1392: 14: 7712: 7042:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 4299:Tobin, T. G. (October 23, 1942). 4158:from the original on 27 June 2006 4117: 4030: 3795:Japanese Warships of World War II 2000:. The shell hits heavily damaged 787:while also supporting the Allied 7602: 4374: 4286:from the original on 13 May 2006 4258:from the original on 17 May 2006 4134:from the original on 17 May 2006 4087:from the original on 10 May 2006 3976:Parkin, Robert Sinclair (1995). 2983:, pp. 25–29, 33, and 60; Frank, 2563:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 2085:During the exchange of gunfire, 264:1 light cruiser severely damaged 159: 145: 39: 4099:Hackett, Bob; Sander Kingsepp. 4075:Hackett, Bob; Sander Kingsepp. 4037:Hackett, Bob; Sander Kingsepp. 3581: 3556: 3545:from the original on 2021-11-04 3531: 3520:from the original on 2012-01-07 3506: 3495:from the original on 2016-02-29 3481: 3470:from the original on 2011-03-05 3456: 3435: 3414: 3389: 3368: 3347: 3318: 3297: 3272: 3252: 3227: 3206: 3177: 3158:, pp. 42–50, 53–56, 71, Frank, 3148: 3127: 3106: 3080: 3071: 3049: 3040: 3019: 2998: 2973: 2952: 2923: 2902: 2877: 2836: 2807: 2782: 2753: 2250:located the burning, abandoned 2178:s boilers, reducing her speed. 1879:s crew, however, thinking that 1546:Anti-aircraft battery: 2 × 13mm 1493:Secondary battery: 4 × 4.7-inch 596:and in Japanese sources as the 282:1 heavy cruiser heavily damaged 7289:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 4999:Territorial changes of Germany 4907:Indonesian National Revolution 4176:The Pacific War: The U.S. Navy 3858:Hornfischer, James D. (2011). 2740: 2727: 2714: 2697: 2672: 2659: 2618: 2589: 2431:and equipment to Guadalcanal. 1696:Main battery: 15 × 6-inch guns 1649:Main battery: 10 × 8-inch guns 1: 6689:Japanese invasion of Thailand 6640:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 6404:German invasion of Luxembourg 4785:Mediterranean and Middle East 4148:"Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal" 4017:Morris, Frank Daniel (1943). 3961:. Admiral Nimitz Foundation. 3776:U.S. Warships of World War II 3774:Silverstone, Paul H. (1970). 3605: 3262:, pp. 80–84, 106–108, Frank, 3008:, pp. 20, 26, and 36; Frank, 2035:, which was following behind 1780:Main battery: 4 × 5-inch guns 1616:Main battery: 9 × 8-inch guns 826:Imperial General Headquarters 758: 6596:Invasion of the Soviet Union 6285:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 5603:Independent State of Croatia 3919:Langelo, Vincent A. (2000). 3819:Boehm, Roy (March 8, 1999). 3290:, pp. 228–229, and Morison, 3170:, pp. 227–228, and Morison, 3055:Silverstone, pp. 67-135 2895:, pp. 150–151; and Hackett, 2199:. Despite extensive damage, 1342:and no visible sea horizon. 594:Second Battle of Savo Island 266:1 destroyer severely damaged 7: 7676:1942 in the Solomon Islands 7580:End of World War II in Asia 7420:Western invasion of Germany 6927:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 6904:Second Battle of El Alamein 6474:Hundred Regiments Offensive 6446:Battle of the Mediterranean 6299:Italian invasion of Albania 4473:Air warfare of World War II 4002:. Naval Historical Center. 3938:Lundstrom, John B. (2005). 3755:Rottman, Gordon L. (2005). 3378:, pp. 111, 120–122, Frank, 2887:, pp. 31–32 and 57; Frank, 2817:, pp. 16 and 19–20; Frank, 2667:Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal 2490:Philadelphia Naval Shipyard 2449:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 1783:Torpedo tubes: 10 × 21-inch 887:, and their victory at the 10: 7717: 7506:Naval bombardment of Japan 6874:First Battle of El Alamein 6793:Battle of Christmas Island 6738:Japanese invasion of Burma 6502:Italian invasion of Greece 6418:German invasion of Belgium 6390:German invasion of Denmark 6363:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 6232:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 4496:Comparative military ranks 4324:Tully, Anthony P. (2003). 3957:Miller, Thomas G. (1969). 3881:Kilpatrick, C. W. (1987). 3708:The Battle for Guadalcanal 3241:, pp. 73–79, 83–86, Dull, 3191:, pp. 68–70, 83–84, Dull, 2854:, pp. 31 and 57; Morison, 2640:- 78 (with 111 captured), 2540:battle for Henderson Field 2418:Aftermath and significance 2185: 1549:Torpedo tubes: 9 × 24-inch 1499:Torpedo tubes: 8 × 24-inch 1133: 1102:, all participants in the 824:In response, the Japanese 7595: 7427:Bratislava–Brno offensive 7367: 7358:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 7095: 6982:Allied invasion of Sicily 6936: 6842:Aleutian Islands campaign 6814:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 6761: 6752:Greek famine of 1941–1944 6647:Second Battle of Changsha 6552:German invasion of Greece 6520: 6397:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 6372: 6310: 6205: 6086: 5812: 5722: 5570: 5273: 5264: 5022: 4847: 4739:North and Central Pacific 4700: 4462: 4455: 4382: 4246:Nevitt, Allyn D. (1998). 4227:Nevitt, Allyn D. (1998). 4208:Nevitt, Allyn D. (1998). 4189:Nevitt, Allyn D. (1998). 3904:. Naval Institute Press. 3738:Little, Brown and Company 3658:. Naval Institute Press. 3631:D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). 3612:Cook, Charles O. (1992). 3591:, p. 59, 147–151, Frank, 3077:Morison, pp. 150-151 3046:Morison, pp. map 151 2825:, pp. 148–149; and Dull, 2800:, pp. 147–148; and Dull, 2775:, p. 225–226; and Smith, 1791: 1128: 603: 598:Sea Battle of Savo Island 491: 483:Solomon Islands campaign 335: 252: 215: 202: 173: 138: 63: 38: 26: 21: 7019:Allied invasion of Italy 6996:Solomon Islands campaign 6745:Third Battle of Changsha 6342:First Battle of Changsha 6248:Second Sino-Japanese War 5188:German military brothels 5054:United States war crimes 4122:Battle of Cape Esperance 3597:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3595:, pp. 310–312, Morison, 3576:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3451:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3449:, pp. 140–144, Morison, 3430:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3409:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3384:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3382:, pp. 308–309, Morison, 3363:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3342:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3332:, pp. 306–307, D'Albas, 3313:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3292:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3266:, pp. 303–304, Morison, 3247:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3222:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3201:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3195:, pp. 226–227, D'Albas, 3172:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3162:, pp. 300–301, D'Albas, 3143:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3122:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3035:Struggle for Guadalcanal 3014:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2993:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2968:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2939:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2933:, pp. 19 and 31; Frank, 2918:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2893:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2856:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2846:, pp. 295–296; Hackett, 2823:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2821:, pp. 295–297; Morison, 2798:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2735:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2680:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2585:Struggle for Guadalcanal 2568: 2402:took off her survivors, 1543:Main battery: 6 × 5-inch 1490:Main battery: 6 × 8-inch 590:Battle of Cape Esperance 577:Neutralisation of Rabaul 262:1 heavy cruiser damaged 22:Battle of Cape Esperance 7441:Second Guangxi campaign 7296:Philippines (1944–1945) 6800:Battle of the Coral Sea 6703:Fall of the Philippines 6349:Battle of South Guangxi 6255:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 5661:Italian Social Republic 3574:, p. 230, and Morison, 3424:, p. 309–312, Hackett, 3407:, p. 230, and Morison, 3340:, p. 229, and Morison, 3199:, p. 186, and Morison, 2991:, p. 226; and Morison, 2945:, p. 226; and Hackett, 2858:, p. 149–151; D'Albas, 2333:Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless 2242:s fate, Scott detached 1809:turned simultaneously. 1106:, under the command of 1001:) and five destroyers ( 950:164th Infantry Regiment 913:38th infantry divisions 905:Battle of Edson's Ridge 813:on Guadalcanal, named " 795:would last six months. 736:on Guadalcanal (called 7026:Armistice of Cassibile 6828:Battle of Dutch Harbor 6779:Battle of the Java Sea 6682:Attack on Pearl Harbor 6582:Syria–Lebanon campaign 6575:Battle of South Shanxi 6545:Invasion of Yugoslavia 6328:Battle of the Atlantic 5942:Korean Liberation Army 5655:(until September 1943) 5612:(until September 1944) 5590:(until September 1944) 4025:. Houghton Mifflin Co. 3650:Dull, Paul S. (1978). 3572:Imperial Japanese Navy 3464:"Imperial Battleships" 3405:Imperial Japanese Navy 3338:Imperial Japanese Navy 3288:Imperial Japanese Navy 3243:Imperial Japanese Navy 3193:Imperial Japanese Navy 3168:Imperial Japanese Navy 3086:Watts, pp. 71-150 3033:, pp. 58–60; Morison, 2989:Imperial Japanese Navy 2943:Imperial Japanese Navy 2916:, pp. 32–33; Morison, 2864:Imperial Japanese Navy 2827:Imperial Japanese Navy 2802:Imperial Japanese Navy 2796:, pp. 19–20; Morison, 2773:Imperial Japanese Navy 2765:Battle for Guadalcanal 2709:Imperial Japanese Navy 2705:Battle for Guadalcanal 2682:, pp. 14–15 and Shaw, 2550:. A junior officer on 2548:Battle of Tassafaronga 2481: 2365:Grumman F4F-4 Wildcats 2302: 2117: 1945: 1581: 1570: 1420:Imperial Japanese Navy 1416: 1405: 1162: 1146: 1142:Japanese Rear Admiral 974: 876: 830:Imperial Japanese Army 619:Imperial Japanese Navy 174:Commanders and leaders 7190:Second Battle of Guam 7086:Bengal famine of 1943 7056:Second Battle of Kiev 7012:Battle of the Dnieper 6717:Battle of Wake Island 6589:East African campaign 6531:Battle of South Henan 6176:atrocities by Germans 5949:Korean Volunteer Army 4930:Occupation of Germany 4684:Music in World War II 3793:Watts, A. J. (1966). 3728:(1958). "Chapter 8". 3726:Morison, Samuel Eliot 3566:, pp. 313–324, Cook, 3403:, pp. 130–131, Dull, 3357:, pp. 307–308, Cook, 3282:, pp. 304–305, Cook, 3237:, pp. 302–304, Cook, 3187:, pp. 301–302, Cook, 2987:, pp. 298–299; Dull, 2962:, pp. 293–294; Cook, 2457: 2358:Grumman TBF-1 Avenger 2317:or her survivors and 2297: 2103: 1943: 1646:Top speed: 32.7 knots 1613:Top speed: 32.7 knots 1576: 1565: 1411: 1400: 1152: 1141: 1104:Battle of Savo Island 966: 952:from the U.S. Army's 889:Battle of Savo Island 870: 753:Battle of Savo Island 710:and was commanded by 253:Casualties and losses 7651:Guadalcanal Campaign 7476:Surrender of Germany 6954:Battle of West Hubei 6911:Guadalcanal campaign 6881:Battle of Stalingrad 6807:Battle of Madagascar 5581:Albania protectorate 5368:(formerly Swaziland) 5077:Wehrmacht war crimes 4893:Expulsion of Germans 4677:Art and World War II 4575:British contribution 4524:Governments in exile 3885:. Exposition Press. 3821:"Blood In The Water" 3570:, p. 150–151, Dull, 3307:, pp. 96–97, Frank, 3216:, pp. 70–77, Frank, 3137:, p. 299–301, Cook, 3116:, pp. 38–42, Frank, 2912:, pp.295–296; Cook, 2862:, p. 183; and Dull, 2779:, pp. 132 & 158. 2478:-class light cruiser 2471:-class heavy cruiser 2363:, accompanied by 14 2171:and damaging one of 1227:Mitsubishi A6M3 Zero 1157:is misidentified as 903:, and the next, the 901:Battle of the Tenaru 803:Alexander Vandegrift 793:Guadalcanal campaign 631:Guadalcanal campaign 592:, also known as the 327:Guadalcanal campaign 275:1 heavy cruiser sunk 211:6th Cruiser Division 7701:October 1942 events 7566:Potsdam Declaration 7455:Italy (Spring 1945) 7218:Liberation of Paris 6675:Siege of Sevastopol 5693:(until August 1944) 5596:Wang Jingwei regime 5418:from September 1943 5378:from September 1944 5316:from September 1944 5176:Romanian war crimes 5167:Persecution of Jews 5153:Croatian war crimes 5123:Japanese war crimes 4937:Occupation of Japan 4886:First Indochina War 4598:Military production 4510:Declarations of war 4170:Lanzendörfer, Tim. 3704:Griffith, Samuel B. 3635:. Devin-Adair Pub. 3539:"Imperial Cruisers" 3514:"Imperial Cruisers" 3489:"Imperial Cruisers" 3311:, p. 306, Morison, 3245:, p. 228, Morison, 3220:, p. 302, Morison, 3120:, p. 299, Morison, 2947:IJN Seaplane Tender 2937:, p. 296; Morison, 2897:IJN Seaplane Tender 2891:, p. 296; Morison, 2763:, p. 61; Griffith, 2724:, pp. 202, 210–211. 2688:Lofton R. Henderson 2327:to rendezvous with 2298:Japanese destroyer 1777:Top speed: 37 knots 1693:Top speed: 34 knots 1540:Top speed: 34 knots 1487:Top speed: 33 knots 1217:, based at Rabaul, 838:Harukichi Hyakutake 789:New Guinea campaign 665: / 543:New Georgia Islands 375:Matanikau Offensive 107: / 7559:Surrender of Japan 7392:Battle of Iwo Jima 7241:Belgrade offensive 6654:Siege of Leningrad 6538:Battle of Shanggao 6467:British Somaliland 6432:Dunkirk evacuation 6383:Norwegian campaign 6321:Invasion of Poland 6148:Japanese prisoners 5116:Italian war crimes 5047:British war crimes 4962:Soviet occupations 4746:South-West Pacific 4633:Allied cooperation 4591:Military equipment 3996:Poor, Henry Varnum 3012:, p.298; Morison, 2707:, p. 96–99, Dull, 2482: 2382:Rushing to assist 2303: 2118: 1976:s superstructure. 1946: 1582: 1571: 1558:United States Navy 1417: 1406: 1314:, and followed by 1163: 1147: 975: 946:South Pacific Area 942:Robert L. Ghormley 938:United States Army 877: 800:Lieutenant General 763:On 7 August 1942, 623:United States Navy 71:11–12 October 1942 7671:Conflicts in 1942 7633: 7632: 7591: 7590: 7434:Battle of Okinawa 7333:Burma (1944–1945) 7167:Mariana and Palau 6947:Tunisian campaign 6772:Fall of Singapore 6696:Fall of Hong Kong 6439:Battle of Britain 6292:Operation Himmler 6201: 6200: 5865:Dutch East Indies 5508:Southern Rhodesia 5260: 5259: 5160:Genocide of Serbs 5063:German war crimes 5040:Soviet war crimes 5033:Allied war crimes 4879:Division of Korea 4858:Chinese Civil War 4656:Strategic bombing 4568:Manhattan Project 3980:. Da Capo Press. 3873:978-0-553-80670-0 3674:Frank, Richard B. 2868:CombinedFleet.com 2767:, p. 152; Frank, 2203:was able to join 2104:The U.S. cruiser 1066:Shortland Islands 1062:anti-aircraft gun 956:boarded ships at 954:Americal Division 934:Millard F. Harmon 929:In the meantime, 917:Dutch East Indies 670:9.250°S 159.700°E 585: 584: 549:Northern Solomons 495:Southern Solomons 447: 446: 422:Naval Guadalcanal 365:Matanikau Actions 292: 291: 237:3 heavy cruisers 134: 133: 111:9.100°S 159.650°E 57:Shortland Islands 7708: 7626: 7619: 7612: 7609:World portal 7607: 7606: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7561: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7529: 7522: 7515: 7508: 7501: 7494: 7485: 7478: 7471: 7469:Prague offensive 7464: 7462:Battle of Berlin 7457: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7406:Vienna offensive 7401: 7394: 7387: 7385:Battle of Manila 7380: 7360: 7351: 7342: 7335: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7275: 7266: 7259: 7250: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7220: 7213: 7206: 7199: 7192: 7185: 7178: 7169: 7162: 7153: 7144: 7135: 7128: 7126:Korsun–Cherkassy 7121: 7110: 7088: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6968:Bombing of Gorky 6963: 6956: 6949: 6929: 6922: 6913: 6906: 6899: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6835:Battle of Midway 6830: 6823: 6821:Battle of Gazala 6816: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6781: 6774: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6731:Battle of Borneo 6726: 6724:Malayan campaign 6719: 6712: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6668:Bombing of Gorky 6663: 6661:Battle of Moscow 6656: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6533: 6513: 6504: 6497: 6490: 6483: 6476: 6469: 6462: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6425:Battle of France 6420: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6278:Munich Agreement 6273: 6266: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6234: 6227: 6212: 6211: 6194: 6187: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6163:Soviet prisoners 6157: 6150: 6143: 6134: 6127: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6103:German prisoners 6099: 6079: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6051: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5853: 5846: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5663: 5656: 5648: 5641: 5639:French Indochina 5634: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5583: 5563: 5554: 5547: 5538: 5531: 5524: 5517: 5510: 5503: 5496: 5489: 5486:from August 1944 5477: 5470: 5463: 5456: 5449: 5442: 5435: 5428: 5421: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5381: 5369: 5361: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5271: 5270: 5251: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5212: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5178: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5130:Nanjing Massacre 5125: 5118: 5109: 5107:Nuremberg trials 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4992: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4957: 4948: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4867: 4860: 4840: 4831: 4824: 4817: 4808: 4801: 4794: 4787: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4711:Asia and Pacific 4693: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4642: 4640:Mulberry harbour 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4482: 4475: 4460: 4459: 4448: 4441: 4432: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4404: 4397: 4390: 4369: 4362: 4355: 4346: 4345: 4339: 4337: 4336: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4307:. Archived from 4294: 4292: 4291: 4280:Combat Narrative 4266: 4264: 4263: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4114: 4112: 4111: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4026: 4024: 4013: 3991: 3972: 3959:Cactus Air Force 3953: 3934: 3915: 3896: 3877: 3866:. Random House. 3865: 3854: 3834: 3832: 3831: 3808: 3789: 3770: 3751: 3721: 3699: 3683: 3669: 3657: 3646: 3627: 3600: 3585: 3579: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3500: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3460: 3454: 3445:, p. 311, Cook, 3439: 3433: 3418: 3412: 3399:, p. 309, Cook, 3393: 3387: 3372: 3366: 3351: 3345: 3336:, p. 187, Dull, 3322: 3316: 3301: 3295: 3276: 3270: 3256: 3250: 3231: 3225: 3210: 3204: 3181: 3175: 3166:, p. 184, Dull, 3152: 3146: 3131: 3125: 3110: 3104: 3093: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3029:, p. 299; Cook, 3023: 3017: 3002: 2996: 2977: 2971: 2956: 2950: 2941:, p. 150; Dull, 2927: 2921: 2906: 2900: 2881: 2875: 2840: 2834: 2811: 2805: 2792:, p. 293; Cook, 2786: 2780: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2725: 2718: 2712: 2701: 2695: 2692:Battle of Midway 2676: 2670: 2663: 2657: 2622: 2616: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2429: 2286: 2275: 2260: 2241: 2224: 2213: 2177: 2153: 2142: 2013: 2006: 1975: 1968: 1961: 1954: 1911: 1904: 1897: 1878: 1840: 1833: 1826: 1766: 1737: 1682: 1660:2 light cruisers 1642: 1592:2 heavy cruisers 1529: 1476: 1454: 1432:3 heavy cruisers 1415:-class destroyer 1297:Ironbottom Sound 1082:Takatsugu Jojima 858:commerce defense 819:Cactus Air Force 715:Takatsugu Jojima 704:seaplane tenders 691: 689: 688: 686: 685: 684: 682: 677: 676: 671: 666: 663: 662: 661: 658: 611:Pacific campaign 608: 606: 605: 555:Treasury Islands 537:Central Solomons 486: 484: 474: 467: 460: 451: 450: 407:Eastern Solomons 385:Carlson's patrol 330: 328: 318: 311: 304: 295: 294: 279:1 destroyer sunk 259:1 destroyer sunk 247:seaplane tenders 197:Takatsugu Jojima 193: 169: 165: 163: 162: 151: 149: 148: 130:American victory 122: 121: 119: 118: 117: 112: 108: 105: 104: 103: 100: 65: 64: 43: 19: 18: 7716: 7715: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7636: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7622: 7615: 7601: 7599: 7587: 7578: 7571: 7564: 7557: 7548: 7541: 7534: 7525: 7520:Atomic bombings 7518: 7511: 7504: 7497: 7490: 7481: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7383: 7376: 7363: 7356: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7322: 7315: 7308: 7301: 7294: 7287: 7278: 7269: 7262: 7253: 7246: 7239: 7232: 7223: 7216: 7211:Eastern Romania 7209: 7204:Warsaw Uprising 7202: 7197:Tannenberg Line 7195: 7188: 7183:Western Ukraine 7181: 7172: 7165: 7156: 7147: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7113: 7104: 7091: 7084: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6975:Battle of Kursk 6973: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6932: 6925: 6916: 6909: 6902: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6863: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6791: 6786:St Nazaire Raid 6784: 6777: 6770: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6610: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6568:Anglo-Iraqi War 6566: 6559:Battle of Crete 6557: 6550: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6516: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6488:Eastern Romania 6486: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6306: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6230: 6223: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6174: 6167: 6162: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6130: 6123: 6114: 6107: 6102: 6095: 6082: 6075: 6066: 6059: 6054: 6049:Western Ukraine 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5993:Northeast China 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5828: 5821: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5699:Slovak Republic 5697: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5670:Empire of Japan 5668: 5659: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5608: 5601: 5594: 5586: 5579: 5566: 5559: 5550: 5543: 5534: 5527: 5520: 5513: 5506: 5499: 5492: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5424: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5391: 5384: 5372: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5282: 5256: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5215: 5200: 5193: 5186: 5182:Sexual violence 5181: 5174: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5105: 5096: 5089: 5082: 5075: 5068: 5061: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5018: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4988: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4960: 4951: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4912: 4905: 4900:Greek Civil War 4898: 4891: 4884: 4877: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4843: 4836: 4827: 4820: 4813: 4804: 4797: 4790: 4783: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4725:South-East Asia 4723: 4716: 4709: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4668: 4661: 4654: 4647: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4584:Military awards 4582: 4573: 4566: 4559: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4478: 4471: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4428: 4421: 4414: 4409: 4400: 4393: 4386: 4378: 4373: 4334: 4332: 4314: 4312: 4289: 4287: 4261: 4259: 4237: 4235: 4218: 4216: 4199: 4197: 4180: 4178: 4161: 4159: 4137: 4135: 4128:Order of Battle 4109: 4107: 4090: 4088: 4066: 4064: 4047: 4045: 4033: 4010: 3988: 3969: 3950: 3931: 3912: 3893: 3874: 3839:Hone, Thomas C. 3829: 3827: 3815: 3813:Further reading 3805: 3786: 3767: 3748: 3718: 3696: 3666: 3643: 3624: 3608: 3603: 3586: 3582: 3561: 3557: 3548: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3523: 3521: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3440: 3436: 3419: 3415: 3394: 3390: 3373: 3369: 3352: 3348: 3334:Death of a Navy 3323: 3319: 3302: 3298: 3277: 3273: 3257: 3253: 3232: 3228: 3211: 3207: 3197:Death of a Navy 3182: 3178: 3164:Death of a Navy 3153: 3149: 3132: 3128: 3111: 3107: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3024: 3020: 3003: 2999: 2978: 2974: 2957: 2953: 2928: 2924: 2907: 2903: 2882: 2878: 2860:Death of a Navy 2841: 2837: 2812: 2808: 2787: 2783: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2728: 2719: 2715: 2702: 2698: 2684:First Offensive 2677: 2673: 2664: 2660: 2623: 2619: 2594: 2590: 2582: 2575: 2571: 2427: 2420: 2361:torpedo bombers 2284: 2273: 2258: 2239: 2222: 2211: 2193:Russell Islands 2188: 2175: 2151: 2140: 2074:began to sink. 2043:was hit in her 2011: 2004: 1973: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1909: 1902: 1895: 1876: 1838: 1831: 1824: 1794: 1765:heavily damaged 1764: 1735: 1681:heavily damaged 1680: 1640: 1560: 1527: 1475:heavily damaged 1474: 1452: 1422: 1395: 1393:Order of battle 1136: 1131: 832:'s 17th Army—a 815:Henderson Field 777:Solomon Islands 773:Florida Islands 761: 738:Henderson Field 680: 678: 675:-9.250; 159.700 674: 672: 668: 667: 664: 659: 656: 654: 652: 651: 649: 643:Solomon Islands 600: 586: 581: 487: 482: 480: 478: 448: 443: 370:Henderson Field 331: 326: 324: 322: 285: 283: 281: 277: 269: 267: 265: 263: 261: 244: 242: 240: 238: 230: 225: 195: 189: 160: 158: 146: 144: 116:-9.100; 159.650 115: 113: 109: 106: 101: 98: 96: 94: 93: 92: 44: 29:Pacific Theater 17: 12: 11: 5: 7714: 7704: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7539: 7536:South Sakhalin 7532: 7531: 7530: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7472: 7465: 7458: 7451: 7444: 7437: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7373: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7336: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7313: 7306: 7299: 7292: 7285: 7276: 7267: 7260: 7251: 7244: 7237: 7230: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7170: 7163: 7154: 7145: 7136: 7129: 7122: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7073: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7038: 7031: 7030: 7029: 7015: 7008: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6964: 6961:Battle of Attu 6957: 6950: 6942: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6923: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6870: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6852: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6767: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6710:Battle of Guam 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6633:Battle of Kiev 6629: 6622: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6526: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6505: 6498: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6378: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6359: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6331: 6324: 6316: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6295: 6288: 6281: 6274: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6251: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6220: 6218: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6172: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6144: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6132:United Kingdom 6128: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6100: 6092: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6064: 6052: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6003: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5861: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5728: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5584: 5576: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5536:British Empire 5529:United Kingdom 5525: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5410: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5382: 5370: 5362: 5355: 5348: 5345:Czechoslovakia 5341: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5242:Rape of Manila 5238: 5231: 5224: 5213: 5198: 5191: 5179: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5163: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5140: 5133: 5119: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5094: 5080: 5073: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5043: 5028: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5013:United Nations 5009: 5002: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4958: 4949: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4919: 4910: 4903: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4872:Decolonization 4868: 4861: 4853: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4818: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4802: 4795: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4772: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4706: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4636: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4594: 4587: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4564: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4548: 4545:United Kingdom 4541: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4468: 4466: 4457: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4391: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4372: 4371: 4364: 4357: 4349: 4341: 4340: 4321: 4296: 4267: 4243: 4224: 4205: 4186: 4167: 4143: 4115: 4096: 4072: 4053: 4032: 4031:External links 4029: 4028: 4027: 4014: 4008: 3992: 3986: 3973: 3967: 3954: 3948: 3935: 3929: 3916: 3910: 3897: 3891: 3878: 3872: 3855: 3835: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3803: 3790: 3784: 3771: 3765: 3752: 3746: 3722: 3716: 3700: 3694: 3670: 3664: 3647: 3641: 3628: 3622: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3599:, pp. 170–171. 3589:Cape Esperance 3580: 3568:Cape Esperance 3555: 3530: 3505: 3480: 3455: 3453:, pp. 170–171. 3447:Cape Esperance 3434: 3432:, pp. 169–171. 3413: 3401:Cape Esperance 3388: 3376:Cape Esperance 3367: 3365:, pp. 166–169. 3359:Cape Esperance 3346: 3344:, pp. 168–169. 3326:Cape Esperance 3317: 3315:, pp. 163–166. 3305:Cape Esperance 3296: 3294:, pp. 162–165. 3284:Cape Esperance 3271: 3260:Cape Esperance 3251: 3249:, pp. 160–162. 3239:Cape Esperance 3226: 3224:, pp. 158–160. 3214:Cape Esperance 3205: 3203:, pp. 158–160. 3189:Cape Esperance 3176: 3174:, pp. 156–157. 3156:Cape Esperance 3147: 3145:, pp. 154–156. 3139:Cape Esperance 3126: 3124:, pp. 153–156. 3114:Cape Esperance 3105: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3057: 3048: 3039: 3037:, pp. 152–153. 3031:Cape Esperance 3018: 3016:, pp. 152–153. 3006:Cape Esperance 2997: 2995:, pp. 152–153. 2981:Cape Esperance 2972: 2964:Cape Esperance 2951: 2931:Cape Esperance 2922: 2914:Cape Esperance 2901: 2885:Cape Esperance 2876: 2852:Cape Esperance 2835: 2815:Cape Esperance 2806: 2794:Cape Esperance 2781: 2752: 2739: 2737:, pp. 113–114. 2726: 2713: 2696: 2671: 2669:, pp. 235–236. 2658: 2617: 2609:Salt Lake City 2588: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2419: 2416: 2187: 2184: 2173:Salt Lake City 2165:Salt Lake City 2134:Salt Lake City 2124:barely missed 2116:in August 1942 2110:Espiritu Santo 1986:Salt Lake City 1931:Salt Lake City 1907:Salt Lake City 1796:At 23:00, the 1793: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1746: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1635:Salt Lake City 1622: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1566:Heavy cruiser 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1456: 1421: 1418: 1401:Heavy cruiser 1394: 1391: 1387:Salt Lake City 1324:Salt Lake City 1246:reconnaissance 1231:Mitsubishi G4M 1215:11th Air Fleet 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1033:Rennell Island 992:Salt Lake City 936:—commander of 894:Norman Scott's 881:Simpson Harbor 807:secured Tulagi 760: 757: 700:Gunichi Mikawa 681:Cape Esperance 647:Cape Esperance 583: 582: 580: 579: 573: 572: 567: 562: 557: 551: 550: 546: 545: 539: 538: 534: 533: 522: 515: 508: 503: 497: 496: 492: 489: 488: 477: 476: 469: 462: 454: 445: 444: 442: 441: 439:Rennell Island 436: 429: 424: 419: 417:Santa Cruz Is. 414: 412:Cape Esperance 409: 404: 398: 397: 393: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 355:Goettge Patrol 352: 347: 341: 340: 336: 333: 332: 321: 320: 313: 306: 298: 290: 289: 284:341–454 killed 271: 255: 254: 250: 249: 235: 228:light cruisers 223:heavy cruisers 218: 217: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 203:Units involved 200: 199: 182: 176: 175: 171: 170: 155: 141: 140: 136: 135: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 82:Cape Esperance 79: 77: 73: 72: 69: 61: 60: 36: 35: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7713: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7696:Night battles 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7646:1942 in Japan 7644: 7643: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7556: 7551: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543:Kuril Islands 7540: 7537: 7533: 7528: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7489: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7424: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7366: 7359: 7355: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7334: 7330: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7311: 7310:Syrmian Front 7307: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7256:Market Garden 7252: 7249: 7245: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7219: 7215: 7212: 7208: 7205: 7201: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7187: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7168: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7116: 7115:Monte Cassino 7112: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7083: 7078: 7074: 7071: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7032: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6935: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6790: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6735: 6732: 6728: 6725: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6565: 6560: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6482: 6481:Baltic states 6478: 6475: 6471: 6468: 6464: 6461: 6457: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6429: 6426: 6422: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6125:United States 6122: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6078: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6061:Quốc dân Đảng 6058: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5997: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5841: 5838: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5761:Liechtenstein 5758: 5755: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5662: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5643: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5558: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545:United States 5542: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5235:Comfort women 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5219: / 5218: 5214: 5211: 5208: / 5207: 5204: / 5203: 5199: 5196: 5195:Camp brothels 5192: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084:The Holocaust 5081: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070:forced labour 5067: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4923:Marshall Plan 4920: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4776:Eastern Front 4773: 4770: 4769:Western Front 4766: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4664: 4663:Puppet states 4660: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4605:Naval history 4602: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4552:United States 4549: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4343: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4311:on 2006-06-16 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4268: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4118:Horan, Mark. 4116: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4023: 4022: 4015: 4011: 4009:0-945274-21-1 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3987:0-306-81069-7 3983: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3968:0-934841-17-9 3964: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3949:1-59114-472-8 3945: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3930:1-57168-370-4 3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3911:0-87021-311-3 3907: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3892:0-682-40333-4 3888: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3864: 3863: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3816: 3806: 3804:0-7110-0215-0 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3785:0-8702-1773-9 3781: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3766:1-84176-870-7 3762: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3747:0-316-58305-7 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3717:0-252-06891-2 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3695:0-14-016561-4 3691: 3687: 3686:Penguin Group 3682: 3681: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3665:0-87021-097-1 3661: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3644: 3642:0-8159-5302-X 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3623:1-55750-126-2 3619: 3615: 3610: 3609: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3180: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3083: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3052: 3043: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2839: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2761:Japanese Army 2756: 2749: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2723: 2717: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2668: 2662: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2578: 2573: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2435:journeyed to 2434: 2426: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2290: 2283: 2279: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2091:San Francisco 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2060:San Francisco 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990:San Francisco 1987: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1935:San Francisco 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1901: 1894: 1893:San Francisco 1890: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851:San Francisco 1848: 1844: 1837: 1830: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1815:San Francisco 1812: 1808: 1807:San Francisco 1804: 1803:San Francisco 1799: 1798:San Francisco 1782: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1717: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1607:San Francisco 1602: 1600: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1584:Rear Admiral 1580: 1575: 1569: 1568:San Francisco 1564: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1517: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1440: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1424:Rear Admiral 1414: 1410: 1404: 1399: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1340:ambient light 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1316:San Francisco 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1281:San Francisco 1277: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1145: 1140: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1068:and at Buin, 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1005: 1000: 999: 994: 993: 988: 987: 982: 981: 980:San Francisco 973: 970: 965: 961: 959: 958:New Caledonia 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 932: 931:Major General 927: 925: 924: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 895: 890: 886: 882: 874: 869: 865: 863: 862:Tokyo Express 859: 855: 851: 847: 841: 839: 835: 831: 828:assigned the 827: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 801: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 756: 754: 748: 746: 741: 739: 735: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 713: 709: 705: 701: 698: 693: 687: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 599: 595: 591: 578: 575: 574: 571: 570:Green Islands 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 548: 547: 544: 541: 540: 536: 535: 532: 531: 527: 523: 521: 520: 516: 514: 513: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 494: 493: 490: 485: 475: 470: 468: 463: 461: 456: 455: 452: 440: 437: 435: 434: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 399: 395: 394: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 360:Edson's Ridge 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 342: 338: 337: 334: 329: 319: 314: 312: 307: 305: 300: 299: 296: 287: 286:111 captured 280: 276: 272: 268:2 floatplanes 260: 257: 256: 251: 248: 236: 234: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 208:Task Force 64 207: 206: 201: 198: 194: 192: 186: 183: 181: 178: 177: 172: 168: 156: 154: 153:United States 143: 142: 137: 129: 126: 125: 120: 91: 87: 83: 78: 75: 74: 70: 67: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 49: 42: 37: 34: 30: 25: 20: 7617:Bibliography 7600: 7413:Project Hula 7378:Vistula–Oder 7347: 7280: 7271: 7255: 7225: 7174: 7158: 7149: 7140: 7106: 7003: 6918: 6894: 6864: 6615: 6508: 6453:North Africa 6155:Soviet Union 6109:Soviet Union 6035:Soviet Union 5803:Vatican City 5713:Vichy France 5618:German Reich 5515:Soviet Union 5501:South Africa 5494:Sierra Leone 5447:Newfoundland 5266:Participants 5249:Marocchinate 4953: 4944: 4914: 4792:North Africa 4753:Indian Ocean 4612:Nazi plunder 4503:Cryptography 4376:World War II 4342: 4333:. 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At 23:49, 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2008: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1963: 1956: 1949: 1947: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1906: 1899: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1828: 1821: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1770: 1768: 1758: 1756: 1750: 1741: 1739: 1729: 1727: 1721: 1719: 1713: 1707:5 destroyers 1706: 1686: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1666: 1659: 1634: 1632: 1626: 1606: 1604: 1598: 1591: 1586:Norman Scott 1585: 1583: 1578: 1567: 1533: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1513: 1507:2 destroyers 1506: 1480: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1460: 1446: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1426:Aritomo Gotō 1425: 1423: 1412: 1402: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1344: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1290: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1259: 1250:Kolombangara 1243: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1188: 1182: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1158: 1154: 1144:Aritomo Gotō 1121: 1115: 1111:Aritomo Gotō 1108:Rear Admiral 1098: 1092: 1086: 1077: 1073: 1070:Bougainville 1048: 1043: 1040:Eighth Fleet 1037: 1027: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 979: 976: 972:Norman Scott 969:Rear Admiral 928: 922: 898: 878: 842: 823: 797: 762: 749: 745:Norman Scott 742: 723:Aritomo Gotō 712:Rear Admiral 697:Vice Admiral 694: 627:naval battle 617:between the 615:World War II 597: 593: 589: 587: 565:Bougainville 529: 525: 518: 511: 432: 427:Tassafaronga 411: 273: 243:6 destroyers 239:2 destroyers 190: 185:Aritomo Gotō 180:Norman Scott 139:Belligerents 53:Bougainville 47: 33:World War II 27:Part of the 7348:Bodenplatte 7234:Gothic Line 6460:West Africa 6007:Philippines 5986:Netherlands 5851:Czech lands 5789:Switzerland 5733:Afghanistan 5684:Philippines 5552:Puerto Rico 5468:Philippines 5454:New Zealand 5440:Netherlands 5393:Free France 5144:Prosecution 4945:Osoaviakhim 4815:West Africa 4799:East Africa 4446:Conferences 3593:Guadalcanal 3564:Guadalcanal 3443:Guadalcanal 3428:, Morison, 3422:Guadalcanal 3397:Guadalcanal 3380:Guadalcanal 3355:Guadalcanal 3330:Guadalcanal 3309:Guadalcanal 3280:Guadalcanal 3264:Guadalcanal 3235:Guadalcanal 3218:Guadalcanal 3185:Guadalcanal 3160:Guadalcanal 3135:Guadalcanal 3118:Guadalcanal 3027:Guadalcanal 3010:Guadalcanal 2985:Guadalcanal 2960:Guadalcanal 2935:Guadalcanal 2910:Guadalcanal 2889:Guadalcanal 2844:Guadalcanal 2819:Guadalcanal 2790:Guadalcanal 2769:Guadalcanal 2748:Guadalcanal 2722:Guadalcanal 2626:Guadalcanal 2597:Guadalcanal 2197:New Georgia 1914:cross the T 1599:New Orleans 1293:floatplanes 811:Lunga Point 673: / 639:Guadalcanal 635:Savo Island 506:Guadalcanal 114: / 90:Guadalcanal 86:Savo Island 7640:Categories 7448:West Hunan 7281:Pointblank 6617:Silver Fox 6603:Summer War 6356:Winter War 6335:Phoney War 6116:Azerbaijan 6077:Yugoslavia 5972:Luxembourg 5814:Resistance 5561:Yugoslavia 5426:Luxembourg 5228:Sook Ching 5024:War crimes 4626:Technology 4619:Opposition 4561:Lend-Lease 4538:Australian 4531:Home front 4489:Blitzkrieg 4439:Casualties 4430:Commanders 4402:Operations 4335:2006-06-14 4315:2006-06-14 4290:2006-05-17 4262:2006-06-14 4238:2006-06-14 4219:2006-06-14 4200:2006-06-14 4181:2006-05-16 4162:2006-05-16 4138:2006-05-17 4110:2006-06-14 4091:2006-06-14 4067:2006-06-14 4048:2006-06-14 3830:2009-06-14 3736:. Boston: 3606:References 3549:2022-01-24 3524:2007-03-28 3499:2022-01-24 3474:2022-01-24 2866:, p. 226. 2703:Griffith, 2644:- 22, and 2313:to assist 2269:picked up 2218:picked up 1864:At 23:45, 1820:At 23:32, 1577:Destroyer 1058:field guns 850:destroyers 759:Background 708:destroyers 679: ( 390:Mt. 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Battle of Cape Esperance

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