114:
125:
546:, but the Georgian king and the Russian general soon came into conflict. They did not agree on the strategic way in which to continue the campaign. Heraclius II wanted to take advantage of his successes and continue the conquests as far as
716:, p. 328 note 5 & p. 329 note 7 : « Totleben devait laisser les Géorgiens combattre seuls et utiliser les forces russes à un coup d'État qui après l'enlèvement du roi Héraclius lui aurait livré le pays ».
598:. However, a group of Georgians, led by Aghabab Eristavi and Simon Moukhranbatoni, destroyed this bridge, even before the action of the enemies and soon, a strong Georgian army surprised the Ottomans. The left flank was led by prince
589:
On April 20, King
Heraclius first routed the Ottoman advance guard, made up of 1,500 men. By this trick, he let through the approximately 18,000 soldiers of the main Turkish forces who soon arrived on the banks of the
224:
594:, which passed through Aspindza. During the night of April 20, Ottoman troops began crossing the only bridge connecting the two banks of the river, with the aim of secretly advancing to
1421:
353:
703:, d'où il avait été chassé pour crime de droit commun, accueilli à la cour de Russie il y occupa de hautes fonctions ». Il sera remplacé par le général Soukhotine.
217:
2813:
1919:
210:
346:
1600:
2307:
582:
had no choice but to retreat, pursued by
Turkish troops who tried to cut the Georgian defense lines in order to force them back on the town of
339:
2818:
2843:
2288:
896:
2772:
1486:
2838:
2833:
700:
532:
421:
394:
887:
1983:
1402:
63:
2781:
537:
1540:
1088:
796:
758:
1566:
1782:
2828:
1201:
512:
1777:
992:
1888:
1102:
570:
rallied his troops to save
Atskhouri. Victorious in his first advances, he spread fear among the allied troops, whose
777:
504:
234:
30:
2716:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2017:
298:
2061:
1801:
1626:
1245:
950:
2632:
985:
406:
1813:
2726:
2694:
2283:
2139:
2115:
2050:
2045:
2040:
880:
318:
283:
2710:
2561:
2370:
1961:
747:
A history of the
Georgian people: from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century
2536:
2380:
2073:
1250:
2457:
1675:
1593:
2823:
1895:
1619:
1586:
1545:
1187:
909:
742:
1882:
1766:
2606:
2055:
1788:
1772:
1707:
1442:
1428:
1348:
484:
464:
389:
117:
1265:
2731:
2436:
2226:
2146:
2133:
2006:
1995:
1511:
1311:
1235:
873:
374:
253:
2566:
1833:
1689:
1661:
574:
contingent took advantage of the situation to leave
Georgia on April 19, literally abandoning the
399:
2704:
2688:
2648:
2599:
2411:
2375:
2278:
2262:
2231:
2186:
2181:
2152:
2067:
1828:
1753:
1747:
1230:
1158:
1152:
579:
488:
288:
141:
2244:
1906:
1860:
1283:
2642:
2588:
2385:
2358:
2128:
1848:
1807:
1717:
1682:
1534:
1479:
1388:
1381:
1322:
1170:
1142:
1108:
492:
293:
2157:
1048:
865:
2612:
2546:
2526:
2353:
2196:
2162:
1647:
1607:
1408:
1367:
1113:
1063:
929:
599:
150:
2577:
1901:
1818:
1640:
113:
2637:
2541:
2516:
2482:
2431:
2364:
2273:
2191:
2168:
2122:
2001:
1876:
1854:
1795:
1741:
1730:
1505:
1492:
1360:
1296:
1053:
1019:
1013:
416:
2326:
1528:
1147:
1081:
1031:
8:
2664:
2659:
2583:
2571:
2531:
2487:
2221:
1925:
1838:
1723:
1654:
1454:
1334:
1271:
1069:
957:
750:
508:
411:
384:
313:
303:
1395:
1036:
2746:
2741:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2470:
2441:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2293:
2201:
2088:
2011:
1941:
1935:
1523:
1374:
1341:
1240:
1225:
1220:
1130:
1125:
1119:
964:
426:
2418:
2348:
1930:
2670:
2654:
2622:
2464:
2446:
2425:
2268:
2237:
1989:
1912:
1865:
1823:
1736:
1712:
1701:
1668:
1517:
1472:
1448:
1414:
1006:
999:
978:
971:
936:
854:
811:
792:
773:
754:
610:
leader Kokhta-Beladi, commanders and pashas. The survivors manage to swim across the
454:
438:
379:
308:
278:
57:
16:
1770 conflict between the
Kingdom of Kartli-Karkheti (Georgia) and the Ottoman Empire
1955:
2699:
2337:
2331:
2175:
2108:
1843:
1551:
1328:
1316:
1290:
1277:
1260:
1095:
1075:
1058:
1042:
943:
607:
543:
263:
165:
156:
2751:
2736:
2721:
2617:
2556:
2551:
2511:
2451:
2395:
2343:
2216:
2211:
1966:
1948:
1870:
1759:
1695:
1613:
1498:
1255:
1164:
1136:
1025:
603:
273:
268:
145:
2627:
2521:
2476:
1633:
1306:
900:
563:
551:
500:
496:
472:
202:
129:
617:
The battle is the subject of the patriotic ode "On the Battle of
Aspindza" by
2807:
2593:
1435:
1301:
528:
516:
78:
65:
511:
dispatched an expeditionary force of 1,200 men under the command of
General
858:
611:
591:
258:
815:
503:
who occupied the entire southern border of the kingdom. Later, during the
567:
547:
331:
602:, the center by Heraclius II in and the right of the troops by General
699:, p. 328 note 4 : « Aventurier allemand originaire de
575:
524:
468:
583:
571:
520:
515:
to
Georgia and King Heraclius II opened a second front against the
53:
606:. The Turks were routed and lost around 4,000 men, including the
595:
495:, repeatedly attempted to establish a military alliance with the
647:
645:
554:, but Totleben refused to come to his aid and remained Atsquri.
895:
618:
770:
Imperial
Policies and Perspectives towards Georgia, 1760–1819
642:
692:
688:
719:
849:
Gogebashvili, Jacob (1937). "The Battle of Aspindza".
630:
542:
fortress on April 14. Three days later, they besieged
669:
657:
483:In the 1760s, shortly before the formation of the
2805:
232:
2814:Battles involving the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
475:. The Georgians won a victory over the Turks.
458:
881:
347:
218:
2773:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
822:
651:
888:
874:
463:) was fought on 20 April 1770 between the
354:
340:
225:
211:
786:
725:
361:
831:
636:
767:
2806:
2782:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
805:
663:
2768:For 20th-century battles before 1914
869:
842:
834:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
741:
675:
335:
206:
2819:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
2844:Battles involving Georgia (country)
2777:For the battles during World War I
13:
14:
2855:
2834:18th century in Georgia (country)
825:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
467:, led by king of Kartli-Kakheti
123:
112:
823:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015).
808:An outline of Georgian history
706:
681:
1:
2839:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
734:
478:
31:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
810:. Tbilisi University Press.
789:Anthology of Georgian Poetry
687:Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben (
624:
7:
827:. Rowman & Littlefield.
743:Allen, William Edward David
695:). Selon A. Manvelichvili,
10:
2860:
2829:1770 in the Ottoman Empire
2792:Ottoman victories are in
2790:
2764:
2680:
2319:
2306:
2254:
2100:
2087:
1975:
1578:
1565:
1464:
1213:
1200:
1180:
921:
908:
832:Rayfield, Donald (2012).
768:Gvosdev, Nikolas (2000).
557:
485:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
459:
369:
244:
188:
175:
135:
106:
79:41.5741000°N 43.2496889°E
36:
28:
23:
489:Heraclius II of Kakheti
806:Mesxia, Šotʻa (1968).
787:Kveselava, M. (2002).
714:Histoire de la Géorgie
697:Histoire de la Géorgie
527:forces marched on the
136:Commanders and leaders
84:41.5741000; 43.2496889
836:. Reaktion Books Ltd.
791:. The Minerva Group.
550:, the capital of the
491:and his father, King
363:Georgian–Ottoman Wars
189:Casualties and losses
751:Taylor & Francis
654:, pp. 148–149.
164:Kokhta-Beladi
75: /
843:General References
712:A. Manvelichvili,
652:Mikaberidze (2015)
451:Battle of Aspindza
395:Caucasian campaign
24:Battle of Aspindza
2824:Conflicts in 1770
2801:
2800:
2760:
2759:
2311:(1789–1908)
2302:
2301:
2092:(1700–1789)
2083:
2082:
1570:(1550–1700)
1561:
1560:
1205:(1453–1550)
1196:
1195:
913:(1299–1453)
798:978-0-89875-672-2
760:978-0-7100-6959-7
531:and captured the
519:. In March 1770,
513:Gottlieb Totleben
505:Russo-Turkish War
446:
445:
327:
326:
235:Russo-Turkish War
201:
200:
102:
101:
2851:
2695:2nd Kerch Strait
2317:
2316:
2312:
2284:1st Kerch Strait
2098:
2097:
2093:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1541:Strait of Hormuz
1403:Peñón of Algiers
1211:
1210:
1206:
919:
918:
914:
890:
883:
876:
867:
866:
862:
837:
828:
819:
802:
783:
764:
729:
726:Kveselava (2002)
723:
717:
710:
704:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
640:
634:
541:
462:
461:
400:Battle of Çıldır
364:
356:
349:
342:
333:
332:
239:
227:
220:
213:
204:
203:
170:
161:
155:Gola Pasha
128:
127:
126:
116:
98:Georgian victory
90:
89:
87:
86:
85:
80:
76:
73:
72:
71:
68:
38:
37:
21:
20:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2786:
2756:
2717:6th Dardanelles
2711:5th Dardanelles
2676:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2250:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2035:4th Dardanelles
2029:3rd Dardanelles
2024:2nd Dardanelles
2018:1st Dardanelles
1971:
1783:2nd Zrínyiújvár
1778:1st Zrínyiújvár
1773:Jurjeve Stijene
1569:
1568:
1557:
1460:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1176:
912:
911:
904:
894:
848:
845:
840:
799:
780:
761:
737:
732:
724:
720:
711:
707:
686:
682:
674:
670:
662:
658:
650:
643:
637:Rayfield (2012)
635:
631:
627:
604:David Orbeliani
560:
535:
481:
460:ასპინძის ბრძოლა
447:
442:
436:
365:
362:
360:
330:
329:
328:
323:
240:
236:
233:
231:
166:
163:
157:
148:
146:David Orbeliani
144:
124:
122:
83:
81:
77:
74:
69:
66:
64:
62:
61:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2775:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2314:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2102:
2095:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2007:Cape Celidonia
2004:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1802:Saint Gotthard
1799:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1676:Alcácer Quibir
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1567:Transformation
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1208:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1171:Constantinople
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
925:
923:
916:
906:
905:
901:Ottoman Empire
899:involving the
893:
892:
885:
878:
870:
864:
863:
844:
841:
839:
838:
829:
820:
803:
797:
784:
778:
765:
759:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:
728:, p. 181.
718:
705:
680:
678:, p. 207.
668:
656:
641:
639:, p. 243.
628:
626:
623:
559:
556:
552:Childir Eyalet
529:Borjomi Valley
497:Russian Empire
480:
477:
473:Ottoman Empire
444:
443:
441:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
403:
402:
392:
387:
382:
377:
371:
370:
367:
366:
359:
358:
351:
344:
336:
325:
324:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
245:
242:
241:
230:
229:
222:
215:
207:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
153:
138:
137:
133:
132:
130:Ottoman Empire
120:
118:Kartli-Kakheti
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2856:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:Naval battles
2679:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Philippopolis
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
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2308:Modernization
2305:
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2255:Naval battles
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2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:Naval battles
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
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1477:
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1470:
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1465:Naval battles
1463:
1457:
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1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1202:Classical Age
1199:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:Naval battles
1179:
1173:
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1168:
1166:
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779:9781403932785
775:
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744:
740:
739:
727:
722:
715:
709:
702:
698:
694:
690:
684:
677:
672:
666:, p. 31.
665:
664:Mesxia (1968)
660:
653:
648:
646:
638:
633:
629:
622:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
587:
585:
581:
578:. Then, King
577:
573:
569:
565:
555:
553:
549:
545:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:Sublime Porte
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
476:
474:
470:
466:
456:
452:
440:
437:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
422:1703 invasion
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
401:
398:
397:
396:
393:
391:
390:1547 invasion
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:1508 campaign
373:
372:
368:
357:
352:
350:
345:
343:
338:
337:
334:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
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297:
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257:
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228:
223:
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216:
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209:
208:
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196:
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111:
110:
105:
97:
94:
93:
88:
70:43°14′58.88″E
67:41°34′26.76″N
59:
55:
51:
48:
47:
44:20 April 1770
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2793:
2778:
2769:
2709:
2687:
2669:
2647:
2605:
2598:
2576:
2504:
2497:
2475:
2463:
2456:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2363:
2336:
2320:Land battles
2261:
2243:
2236:
2206:
2174:
2167:
2145:
2138:
2134:2nd Belgrade
2129:Petrovaradin
2121:
2114:
2107:
2101:Land battles
2072:
2060:
2033:
2016:
1994:
1982:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1920:Egri Palanka
1918:
1911:
1894:
1887:
1875:
1853:
1806:
1794:
1787:
1765:
1758:
1746:
1729:
1722:
1700:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1579:Land battles
1550:
1546:Gulf of Oman
1533:
1516:
1504:
1497:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1453:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1321:
1289:
1282:
1270:
1236:1st Belgrade
1214:Land battles
1169:
1157:
1135:
1118:
1109:Hermannstadt
1101:
1094:
1089:Thessalonica
1087:
1080:
1068:
1041:
1024:
1014:Philadelphia
1012:
1005:
998:
993:Sırp Sındığı
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
930:Kulaca Hisar
928:
922:Land battles
850:
833:
824:
807:
788:
772:. Springer.
769:
746:
721:
713:
708:
696:
683:
676:Allen (1971)
671:
659:
632:
616:
588:
580:Heraclius II
566:governor of
561:
509:Catherine II
499:against the
482:
450:
448:
431:
259:Orlov revolt
248:
167:
158:
142:Heraclius II
107:Belligerents
2613:Shipka Pass
2567:Başgedikler
2562:Akhaltsikhe
2527:Akhaltsikhe
2371:Mount Tabor
2354:Shubra Khit
2289:2nd Ochakov
2232:2nd Ochakov
2192:Stavunchany
2187:1st Ochakov
1731:Nagykanizsa
1409:Leobersdorf
568:Akhaltsikhe
548:Akhaltsikhe
536: [
493:Teimuraz II
237:(1768–1774)
82: /
2808:Categories
2607:Kızıl Tepe
2483:Dervenakia
2381:Heliopolis
2245:Karánsebes
2169:Banja Luka
2089:Old Regime
2074:Samothrace
2002:Cape Corvo
1896:Negroponte
1883:2nd Mohács
1877:Vrtijeljka
1844:2nd Vienna
1829:2nd Khotyn
1814:Krasnobród
1754:1st Khotyn
1742:Tashiskari
1708:Călugăreni
1655:Gvozdansko
1627:Mostaganem
1506:Formentera
1499:1st Jeddah
1396:1st Mohács
1361:Mercidabık
1297:Breadfield
1284:Valea Albă
1246:Târgoviște
1231:2nd Oranik
1159:2nd Kosovo
1153:1st Oranik
1054:Karanovasa
1020:Dubravnica
986:Adrianople
735:References
612:Kura river
507:, Empress
479:Background
471:, and the
417:Tashiskari
2665:Velestino
2660:Al Wajbah
2584:Eupatoria
2572:Kurekdere
2532:Kulevicha
2488:Karpenisi
2458:Drăgășani
2222:Kozludzha
2158:Yeghevārd
2062:Oinousses
1926:Slankamen
1839:Trembowla
1789:Novi Zrin
1724:Keresztes
1718:2nd Brest
1683:1st Brest
1455:Sokhoista
1443:Esztergom
1368:Han Yunus
1312:Cătlăbuga
1272:Otlukbeli
1251:2nd Mokra
1188:Gallipoli
1143:1st Mokra
1103:Novo Brdo
1070:Nicopolis
1049:Kırkdilim
972:Gallipoli
958:Pelekanon
625:Citations
576:Georgians
469:Erekle II
465:Georgians
412:Nakhiduri
385:Sokhoista
314:Kozludzha
294:Turtucaia
2747:Navarino
2742:Gerontas
2705:Kaliakra
2638:Taşkesen
2628:4th Kars
2594:3rd Kars
2589:Chernaya
2578:Oltenița
2542:2nd Acre
2517:2nd Kars
2506:Phaleron
2499:Kamatero
2493:Arachova
2471:Vasilika
2442:Valtetsi
2406:Al-Safra
2401:Slobozia
2391:Arpachai
2365:1st Acre
2359:Pyramids
2294:Fidonisi
2207:Aspindza
2202:Khresili
2197:1st Kars
2056:Mytilene
2012:Focchies
1942:Moulouya
1936:Ustechko
1902:Batočina
1819:Niemirów
1767:Köbölkút
1594:Temesvár
1524:Girolata
1487:Balearic
1375:Ridanieh
1355:Koçhisar
1342:Turnadag
1335:Çaldıran
1241:Albulena
1226:Krusevac
1221:Leskovac
1131:Torvioll
1126:Kunovica
1120:Zlatitsa
965:Demotika
851:Georgica
745:(1971).
701:Thuringe
584:Aspindza
533:Sadgueri
525:Georgian
455:Georgian
432:Aspindza
427:Khresili
299:Kaynarca
279:Akkerman
249:Aspindza
176:Strength
54:Aspindza
49:Location
29:Part of
2794:italics
2732:Nauplia
2727:Algiers
2671:Domokos
2655:Mouzaki
2643:Novšiće
2623:Aladzha
2600:Al-Hasa
2537:Algiers
2465:Sculeni
2447:Doliana
2437:Erzurum
2426:Alamana
2338:Giurgiu
2327:Focșani
2269:Matapan
2238:Mehadia
2227:Kinburn
2182:Perekop
2147:Samarra
2140:Kurijan
2051:Algiers
2046:Algiers
2041:Algiers
1990:Lepanto
1913:Zernest
1907:2nd Niš
1866:Eperjes
1849:Párkány
1824:Komarno
1808:Ładyżyn
1737:Sufiyan
1713:Giurgiu
1669:Torches
1641:Szigeth
1620:Tlemcen
1587:Tlemcen
1529:Alborán
1518:Preveza
1473:Zonchio
1449:Karagak
1429:Algiers
1422:Baghdad
1415:Gorjani
1389:Tlemcen
1349:Algiers
1291:Shkodra
1148:Otonetë
1114:1st Niš
1096:Golubac
1082:Çamurlu
1032:Pločnik
1007:Maritsa
1000:Samokov
979:Ihtiman
937:Bapheus
897:Battles
859:1586281
853:(4–5).
596:Tbilisi
572:Russian
564:Ottoman
544:Atsquri
521:Russian
487:, King
439:Chkheri
380:Karagak
309:Chkheri
304:Hirsovo
254:Nauplia
168:†
159:†
149:Prince
58:Georgia
2700:Tendra
2689:Andros
2649:Ulcinj
2618:Plevna
2432:Gravia
2412:Jeddah
2376:Abukir
2344:Izmail
2332:Rymnik
2279:Patras
2263:Imbros
2176:Grocka
2153:Kirkuk
2109:Chelif
2068:Andros
1984:Cyprus
1889:Crimea
1760:Candia
1748:Cecora
1662:Çıldır
1601:Palast
1552:Djerba
1329:Dubica
1323:Krbava
1317:Vrpile
1278:Vaslui
1261:Vaikal
1076:Ankara
1059:Rovine
1043:Kosovo
1037:Bileća
951:Nicaea
944:Dimbos
903:by era
857:
816:292912
814:
795:
776:
757:
619:Besiki
600:George
558:Battle
457::
289:Patras
284:Beirut
264:Chesma
197:4,500+
151:George
95:Result
2752:Sinop
2737:Samos
2722:Athos
2557:Nezib
2552:Konya
2522:Varna
2512:Petra
2452:Lalas
2419:Čegar
2396:Batin
2386:Derna
2349:Măcin
2274:Çeşme
2217:Kagul
2212:Larga
2163:Ganja
2123:Pruth
1996:Tunis
1967:Zenta
1949:Lugos
1931:Hodów
1871:Kassa
1796:Jijel
1702:Banat
1696:Sisak
1690:Bihać
1634:Krupa
1614:Tadla
1535:Ponza
1512:Tunis
1480:Modon
1382:Jajce
1307:Adana
1266:Meçad
1256:Ohrid
1165:Polog
1137:Varna
1064:Ohrid
1026:Savra
540:]
501:Turks
319:Kerch
274:Cahul
269:Larga
184:9,500
181:3,000
2547:Hims
2477:Peta
2116:Oran
1962:Azov
1956:Ulaş
1855:Buda
1834:Lwów
1436:Pest
910:Rise
855:OCLC
812:OCLC
793:ISBN
774:ISBN
755:ISBN
693:1773
689:1715
608:Avar
592:Kura
562:The
449:The
407:Gori
41:Date
2779:see
2770:see
1861:Vác
1648:Fez
1608:Fez
1493:Diu
1302:Una
586:.
2810::
753:.
749:.
644:^
621:.
614:.
538:ka
194:63
56:,
2796:.
889:e
882:t
875:v
861:.
818:.
801:.
782:.
763:.
691:-
523:-
453:(
355:e
348:t
341:v
226:e
219:t
212:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
