99:
105:
20:
141:
127:
113:
68:) in January 1895, the revolt sparked a prolonged insurgency and two further mutinies subsequently took place elsewhere in the Congo. The second rebellion occurred among the troops serving in the military expedition under
541:
969:
203:. In October 1896, there were approximately 3,000–4,000 Batetela rebels. The mutineers killed one of their white officers and escaped, being joined by Tetela soldiers from across the colony over the coming years.
1276:
1162:
1324:
154:
1254:
1242:
1237:
1099:
242:). The expedition's collapse as a result of the mutiny meant that the Free State would ultimately avoid becoming a party in Anglo-French confrontation in the
1271:
575:
87:
The rebellion was one of the most important anti-colonial rebellions in the history of the Congo and the last Tetela rebels were only defeated in 1901.
226:
The force, the largest military force assembled in colonial Africa up to that point, had been sent to annex the
Fashoda region in the collapsing
1329:
1094:
875:
212:
265:
on 17 April 1900. The rebels gained control of the fort and opened fire on a moored ship and threatened the safety of the colonial capital,
1259:
952:
1339:
98:
568:
1319:
1314:
266:
81:
728:
713:
485:
1218:
1071:
881:
644:
606:
561:
249:
The mutineers killed 10 Belgian officers and took a French priest hostage, though he was ultimately released unharmed.
1247:
455:
1133:
986:
585:
596:
1172:
718:
1334:
649:
1039:
894:
681:
723:
1004:
1359:
1354:
1349:
906:
706:
1309:
1044:
828:
553:
1192:
1266:
1182:
1034:
699:
195:
In
January 1895, the garrison of Luluabourg mutinied in response to the execution of the warlord
104:
1167:
803:
781:
762:
901:
823:
661:
1344:
1177:
1086:
1049:
1010:
654:
502:
Zousmanovitch, A.Z. (1964). "L'insurrection des
Batetelas au Congo Belge au XIXe siécle".
8:
1187:
769:
750:
733:
1212:
1054:
963:
957:
947:
887:
519:
258:
216:
77:
73:
1120:
997:
850:
843:
481:
466:
451:
434:
1288:
1106:
927:
916:
755:
745:
689:
601:
511:
243:
52:
1061:
940:
860:
798:
793:
788:
639:
294:
180:
36:
1157:
934:
776:
629:
298:
269:. Despite being repeatedly defeated, the last Tetela mutineers held out around
220:
184:
69:
60:
1303:
1128:
1081:
1024:
740:
613:
309:
227:
168:
48:
47:
and a subsequent low-level insurgency which was attributed to members of the
671:
515:
196:
533:
Baoni: Les révoltes de la force publique sous Léopold II, Congo, 1895-1908
694:
277:
so that no single ethnic group represented a majority in any given unit.
270:
262:
239:
523:
200:
19:
583:
76:
in 1897. The third and final mutiny took place among the garrison of
838:
378:
376:
1283:
833:
273:
until 1901 or 1908. After the conflict the
Belgians reformed the
176:
172:
65:
412:
373:
342:
340:
44:
235:
231:
337:
870:
363:
361:
359:
357:
355:
325:
1070:
985:
400:
352:
140:
549:. Brussels: Académie royale des Sciences d’Outre-Mer.
543:
La mutinerie militaire au Kasai en 1895. Introduction
304:
is added to a human noun to form a plural. As such,
1325:
Wars involving the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
388:
206:
476:Renton, David; Seddon, David; Zeilig, Leo (2007).
475:
439:Politics in Congo: Decolonization and Independence
382:
1272:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations
257:The third rebellion broke out in the garrison of
58:Beginning in a mutiny among Tetela troops of the
1301:
126:
112:
433:
418:
346:
569:
501:
252:
190:
1119:
445:
406:
367:
331:
576:
562:
450:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
223:mutinied, complaining of poor treatment.
199:for treachery during the war against the
530:
18:
448:The Rulers of Belgian Africa, 1884–1914
446:Gann, Lewis H.; Duignan, Peter (1979).
1302:
539:
308:refers collectively to members of the
215:in an expeditionary force sent to the
1150:
714:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government
557:
464:
394:
1330:Battles involving the Force Publique
645:East African campaign (World War I)
219:in 1897 under the command of Baron
13:
495:
441:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14:
1371:
1340:African resistance to colonialism
1219:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
478:The Congo: Plunder and Resistance
211:1,300 troops from the Tetela and
16:Rebellion in the Congo Free State
586:Democratic Republic of the Congo
383:Renton, Seddon & Zeilig 2007
207:Dhanis expedition mutiny of 1897
139:
125:
111:
103:
97:
427:
147:Dhanis expedition mutiny (1897)
719:Torture and killing of Lumumba
287:
1:
1320:1900s in the Congo Free State
1315:1890s in the Congo Free State
650:Belgian Congo in World War II
319:
1040:2009 Eastern Congo offensive
280:
7:
1005:Operation North Night Final
907:Ascension of Laurent Kabila
167:recruited heavily from the
158:Map of the Congo Free State
90:
10:
1376:
64:of Luluabourg (modern-day
27:, pictured at Boma in 1899
1228:
1205:
1045:2014 North Kivu offensive
1023:
978:
915:
859:
816:
724:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld
670:
622:
592:
253:Shinkakasa mutiny of 1900
191:Luluabourg mutiny of 1895
1193:Western DR Congo clashes
882:AFD insurgency (1996–99)
183:, especially during the
133:Shinkakasa mutiny (1900)
119:Luluabourg mutiny (1895)
43:) was a series of three
1183:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
1134:M23 offensive (2022–24)
1035:2008 Nord-Kivu campaign
953:Assassination of Kabila
682:Force Publique mutinies
540:Storme, Marcel (1970).
407:Gann & Duignan 1979
368:Gann & Duignan 1979
332:Gann & Duignan 1979
55:between 1895 and 1908.
782:Port Francqui incident
531:De Boeck, Guy (1987).
516:10.3917/presa.051.0159
40:
28:
1260:during the Congo Wars
1173:2013 Kinshasa attacks
896:Operation Thunderbolt
871:Formation of the AFDL
824:Stanleyville mutinies
480:. London: Zed Books.
465:Legum, Colin (1961).
22:
1335:Rebellions in Africa
1178:2014 Mutarule attack
1087:2017 Semuliki attack
1050:2017 CNPSC offensive
1011:Plaine Savo massacre
655:Masisi-Lubutu revolt
155:class=notpageimage|
41:RĂ©volte des Batetela
1277:tensions since 2022
1267:Belgian colonialism
1206:Perennial conflicts
1188:2018 Yumbi massacre
1091:Nationwide attacks
979:Post-2003 conflicts
902:Overthrow of Mobutu
421:, pp. 441–442.
419:Crawford Young 1965
347:Crawford Young 1965
310:Tetela ethnic group
169:Tetela ethnic group
49:Tetela ethnic group
1248:Conflict resources
1213:Katanga insurgency
1168:Batwa–Luba clashes
964:Effacer le tableau
958:Kisangani massacre
888:Kichwamba massacre
876:Massacres of Hutus
707:Congo-Stanleyville
662:LĂ©opoldville riots
635:Batetela rebellion
504:Présence Africaine
435:Crawford Young, M.
259:Fort de Shinkakasa
213:Kusu ethnic groups
78:Fort de Shinkakasa
33:Batetela rebellion
29:
1360:Conflicts in 1900
1355:Conflicts in 1897
1350:Conflicts in 1895
1297:
1296:
1201:
1200:
1163:2011 coup attempt
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1115:
1114:
1019:
1018:
998:Operation Artemis
970:ICC investigation
851:1991 Zaire unrest
844:Battle of Kolwezi
686:Secession crisis
584:Conflicts in the
487:978-1-84277-485-4
45:military mutinies
1367:
1310:Congo Free State
1289:Rwandan genocide
1148:
1147:
1117:
1116:
1107:Operation Shujaa
1068:
1067:
1021:
1020:
983:
982:
928:Operation Kitona
917:Second Congo War
746:Battle of Kabalo
602:Congo Free State
578:
571:
564:
555:
554:
550:
548:
536:
527:
491:
472:
461:
442:
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
386:
380:
371:
365:
350:
344:
335:
334:, pp. 78–9.
329:
313:
291:
244:Fashoda Incident
143:
142:
129:
128:
115:
114:
107:
101:
53:Congo Free State
23:Soldiers of the
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1255:Sexual violence
1243:Mining industry
1230:
1224:
1197:
1138:
1111:
1074:
1066:
1062:Kipupu massacre
1027:
1015:
989:
974:
941:Bogoro massacre
919:
911:
863:
861:First Congo War
855:
829:Shaba invasions
812:
799:Simba rebellion
794:Kwilu rebellion
789:Kanyarwanda War
729:UN intervention
674:
666:
640:Battle of Rejaf
618:
588:
582:
546:
535:. Antwerp: EPO.
498:
496:Further reading
488:
458:
430:
425:
417:
413:
405:
401:
393:
389:
381:
374:
366:
353:
345:
338:
330:
326:
322:
317:
316:
295:Bantu languages
292:
288:
283:
255:
209:
193:
161:
160:
159:
157:
151:
150:
149:
148:
144:
136:
135:
134:
130:
122:
121:
120:
116:
108:
93:
84:in April 1900.
17:
12:
11:
5:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1238:Child soldiers
1234:
1232:
1231:related topics
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1221:(1987–present)
1216:
1215:(1963–present)
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Dongo conflict
1154:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1072:AFD insurgency
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1028:(2004–present)
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1001:
993:
991:
987:Ituri conflict
980:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
960:
955:
950:
945:
944:
943:
935:Ituri conflict
931:
923:
921:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
892:
891:
890:
878:
873:
867:
865:
857:
856:
854:
853:
848:
847:
846:
841:
836:
826:
820:
818:
814:
813:
811:
810:
809:
808:
796:
791:
786:
785:
784:
779:
777:Kindu atrocity
774:
767:
766:
765:
753:
748:
743:
738:
726:
721:
716:
711:
710:
709:
704:
703:
702:
692:
684:
678:
676:
668:
667:
665:
664:
659:
658:
657:
647:
642:
637:
632:
630:Congo Arab war
626:
624:
620:
619:
617:
616:
611:
610:
609:
599:
593:
590:
589:
581:
580:
573:
566:
558:
552:
551:
537:
528:
510:(3): 159–169.
497:
494:
493:
492:
486:
473:
468:Congo Disaster
462:
456:
443:
429:
426:
424:
423:
411:
399:
397:, p. 112.
387:
372:
351:
349:, p. 441.
336:
323:
321:
318:
315:
314:
285:
284:
282:
279:
275:Force Publique
254:
251:
221:Francis Dhanis
208:
205:
192:
189:
185:Congo Arab war
181:Lomami regions
165:Force Publique
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
137:
132:
131:
124:
123:
118:
117:
110:
109:
102:
96:
95:
94:
92:
89:
70:Francis Dhanis
61:Force Publique
25:Force Publique
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1372:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:M23 rebellion
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:Beni massacre
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:Uvira clashes
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:Kivu conflict
1022:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
999:
995:
994:
992:
988:
984:
981:
977:
971:
968:
966:
965:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
942:
939:
938:
937:
936:
932:
930:
929:
925:
924:
922:
918:
914:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:
893:
889:
886:
885:
884:
883:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
862:
858:
852:
849:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
815:
807:
806:
802:
801:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:
768:
764:
761:
760:
759:
758:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
741:Niemba ambush
739:
737:
736:
732:
731:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
708:
705:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
673:
669:
663:
660:
656:
653:
652:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
621:
615:
614:Belgian Congo
612:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
591:
587:
579:
574:
572:
567:
565:
560:
559:
556:
545:
544:
538:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
499:
489:
483:
479:
474:
470:
469:
463:
459:
457:9780691052779
453:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
420:
415:
409:, p. 79.
408:
403:
396:
391:
385:, p. 34.
384:
379:
377:
370:, p. 78.
369:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
348:
343:
341:
333:
328:
324:
311:
307:
303:
300:
296:
290:
286:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
250:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Mahdist State
224:
222:
218:
214:
204:
202:
198:
188:
187:(1892–1894).
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
156:
106:
100:
88:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
21:
1121:M23 conflict
1003:
996:
962:
933:
926:
895:
880:
805:Dragon Rouge
804:
770:
763:Camp Massart
756:
734:
672:Congo Crisis
634:
597:Colonization
542:
532:
507:
503:
477:
467:
447:
438:
428:Bibliography
414:
402:
390:
327:
305:
301:
289:
274:
256:
248:
234:(modern-day
225:
210:
197:Gongo Lutete
194:
164:
162:
86:
59:
57:
32:
30:
24:
1345:Mahdist War
1075:(Post-2007)
990:(Post-2003)
948:Six-Day War
920:(1998–2003)
864:(1996–1997)
695:South Kasai
675:(1960–1965)
271:Lake Kisale
263:Congo River
240:South Sudan
1304:Categories
1229:Overview /
751:Jadotville
607:Atrocities
471:. Penguin.
395:Legum 1961
320:References
217:Upper Nile
74:Upper Nile
817:1966–1995
771:Grandslam
735:Rum Punch
281:Footnotes
839:Shaba II
700:Invasion
623:Pre-1960
524:24350405
437:(1965).
306:Batetela
293:In most
91:Mutinies
1284:MONUSCO
1100:2021–24
834:Shaba I
690:Katanga
261:on the
177:Maniema
173:Sankuru
171:in the
72:to the
66:Kananga
51:in the
1151:Others
757:UNOKAT
522:
484:
454:
299:prefix
297:, the
37:French
547:(PDF)
520:JSTOR
236:Kodok
232:Sudan
201:Arabs
80:near
1095:2020
482:ISBN
452:ISBN
267:Boma
179:and
163:The
82:Boma
31:The
512:doi
302:ba-
230:in
1306::
518:.
508:51
506:.
375:^
354:^
339:^
246:.
238:,
175:,
39::
577:e
570:t
563:v
526:.
514::
490:.
460:.
312:.
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
