484:
1733:
43:
1721:
2067:
1209:, the basso profondo voice "derives from a method of tone-production that eliminates the more Italian quick vibrato. In its place is a kind of tonal solidity, a wall-like front, which may nevertheless prove susceptible to the other kind of vibrato, the slow beat or dreaded wobble."
566:
Although Osmin's note is the lowest 'demanded' in the operatic repertoire, lower notes are heard, both written and unwritten: for example, it is traditional for basses to interpolate a low C in the duet "Ich gehe doch rathe ich dir" in the same opera; in
Richard Strauss'
399:
have trouble reaching those notes, and the use of them in works by Slavic composers has led to the colloquial term "Russian bass" for an exceptionally deep-ranged basso profondo who can easily sing these notes. Some traditional
Russian religious music calls for
314:
system offers further distinctions: Spielbass (Bassbuffo), Schwerer
Spielbass (Schwerer Bassbuffo), Charakterbass (Bassbariton), and Seriöser Bass. These classification systems can overlap. Rare is the performer who embodies a single
514:
1572:
676:
is a higher, more lyrical voice. It is produced using a more
Italianate vocal production, and possesses a faster vibrato, than its closest Germanic/Anglo-Saxon equivalent, the
1015:
and ripe tonal qualities if they are to be brought off to maximum effect. They are usually the blustering antagonist of the hero/heroine or the comic-relief fool in
327:
Cultural influence and individual variation create a wide variation in range and quality of bass singers. Parts for basses have included notes as low as the
471:
voices, in contrast to the three-fold (tenor–baritone–bass) categorization of solo voices. The exception is in arrangements for male choir (TTBB) and
1522:
1668:
1767:
1011:, literally "funny", basses are lyrical roles that demand from their practitioners a solid coloratura technique, a capacity for
107:
1593:
1527:
79:
225:
2107:
86:
60:
263:
126:
1684:
1228:
555:
1725:
1555:
412:(55 Hz) in the rare occasion that a choir includes singers who can produce this very low human voice pitch.
93:
353:
64:
75:
2097:
1705:
1626:
577:("Mein lieber Hippolyte"). The high extreme: a few bass roles in the standard repertoire call for a high F
305:(deep bass). The American system identifies the bass-baritone, comic bass, lyric bass, and dramatic bass.
1760:
513:
431:
365:
17:
467:. Voices are subdivided into first bass and second bass with no distinction being made between bass and
2102:
2057:
1163:
974:(juvenile bass) denotes the role of a young man sung by a bass, regardless of the age of the singer.
272:
1290:
English equivalent: dramatic low bass. Dramatic basso profondo is a powerful basso profondo voice.
218:
267:, a bass is typically classified as having a vocal range extending from around the second E below
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2112:
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328:
100:
31:
268:
2087:
2024:
1661:
1414:
1309:
1221:
922:
716:
392:
8:
421:
211:
1745:
290:. Categories of bass voices vary according to national style and classification system.
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Kloiber, Rudolf et al., (2007) Handbuch der Oper, 12th edition, Munich: Bärenreiter
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372:
357:
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Within the bass voice type category are seven generally recognized subcategories:
2117:
1864:
1714:
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Boldrey, Richard (1994) Guide to
Operatic Roles & Arias, Redmond: PST... Inc.
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1509:
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901:
815:
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1940:
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1968:
1908:
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1297:
1202:
1151:
1080:
1026:
980:
840:
831:
783:
692:
419:
have written parts for bass (such as the first movement of his choral work
184:
1737:
992:
286:, or comfortable range, is normally defined by the outermost lines of the
2039:
1994:
1923:
1829:
1806:
1417:
1273:
1127:
1012:
872:
522:
349:
254:
250:
1732:
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by
Shostakovich) and, in the aria "Fra l'ombre e gl'orrori" in Handel's
2019:
2009:
1821:
1471:
1384:
1103:
849:
822:
526:
258:
144:
475:(TLBB), which sometimes label the lowest two parts baritone and bass.
2029:
2014:
1930:
1896:
1876:
1844:
1709:
1439:
1016:
759:
687:
658:
530:
496:
435:
defines the range as being from the E below low C to middle C (i.e. E
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283:
168:
42:
1973:
1935:
1886:
1801:
1487:
1330:
896:
801:
735:
616:
542:
537:(two Cs below middle C). Some extreme bass singers, referred to as
468:
194:
502:(left) and on piano keyboard in green with dot marking middle C (C
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1216:
1098:
944:
711:
464:
247:
158:
2034:
1720:
927:
810:
30:
This article is about the male voice type. For other uses, see
1627:"BBC Cardiff Singer of the World – Guides – Baritone and bass"
1903:
1201:(lyric low bass) is the lowest bass voice type. According to
546:
456:
405:
189:
2066:
600:. In the operatic bass repertoire, the highest notes are a G
1999:
1880:
1515:
460:
452:
310:
1775:
319:
without also touching repertoire from another category.
1432:, have at least one lead bass. Notable roles include:
549:, the lowest note in the standard bass repertoire is D
455:
chorus, the bass is the lowest vocal range, below the
2055:
1110:
850:
Hoher Bass/dramatic high bass/dramatic bass-baritone
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
659:Basso cantante/lyric high bass/lyric bass-baritone
596:, the one above middle C), but few roles go over F
545:, are able to reach much lower than this. Within
2079:
1664:, Yale University Music Library, taken from the
1761:
219:
1111:
968:
855:
293:Italians favour subdividing basses into the
1523:Voice classification in non-classical music
533:. The low extreme for basses is generally C
1768:
1754:
1519:, the German system for classifying voices
1408:
1285:
1003:
651:(dramatic bass), lyric bass, and dramatic
553:, sung by the character Osmin in Mozart's
226:
212:
1586:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O900455
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1545:
1543:
482:
331:two octaves and a tone below middle C (B
1187:
425:) that center far higher than the bass
14:
2080:
408:) drone singing, which is doubled by A
1749:
1621:
1619:
1540:
1528:List of basses in non-classical music
478:
389:Kheruvimskaya pesn (Song of Cherubim)
962:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
27:Type of classical male singing voice
861:or "high bass" or often a dramatic
24:
1616:
1120:English equivalent: dramatic bass
446:
25:
2129:
1699:
264:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
2065:
1731:
1719:
301:(comical bass), or the dramatic
41:
1453:Bob Becket (Carpenter's mate),
415:Many British composers such as
375:below that (e.g. Measure 76 of
271:to the E above middle C (i.e.,
52:needs additional citations for
1677:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1370:The Varangian (Viking) Guest,
573:, Baron Ochs has an optional C
509:
13:
1:
1736:The dictionary definition of
1550:Owen Jander; Lionel Sawkins;
1533:
1229:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
1207:Voices, Singers & Critics
556:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
1715:Basses in Bach’s vocal works
559:, but few roles fall below F
429:as implied by the clef. The
7:
1685:"Bass | Music Appreciation"
1666:Harvard Dictionary of Music
1503:
432:Harvard Dictionary of Music
10:
2134:
1706:Guide to the singing voice
1244:by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1191:
1093:by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1084:by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
805:by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
796:by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
787:by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
662:
322:
29:
2108:Italian opera terminology
1987:
1961:
1820:
1787:
1461:Don Alhambra del Bolero,
799:The Voice of the Oracle,
1777:Musical range or compass
1578:Oxford University Press
1496:The Pirates of Penzance
1429:The Yeomen of the Guard
1409:In Gilbert and Sullivan
1378:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
1303:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1286:Dramatic basso profondo
1234:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1164:Der fliegende Holländer
1074:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1004:Basso buffo/lyric buffo
986:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
909:Der Ring des Nibelungen
777:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
624:, Polifemo reaches an A
621:Aci, Galatea e Polifemo
1671:27 August 2013 at the
1382:The Grand Inquisitor,
1112:
969:
856:
793:The Marriage of Figaro
765:George Frideric Handel
757:The King of Scotland,
672:means "singing bass".
643:bass (juvenile bass),
507:
76:"Bass" voice type
1469:The Mikado of Japan,
1048:The Barber of Seville
486:
1728:at Wikimedia Commons
1493:Sergeant of Police,
1415:Gilbert and Sullivan
1222:Ludwig van Beethoven
1188:Lyric basso profondo
1063:by Gioachino Rossini
1042:by Gaetano Donizetti
923:Carl Maria von Weber
717:Ludwig van Beethoven
521:Bass has the lowest
453:SATB four-part mixed
393:Krzysztof Penderecki
61:improve this article
2098:Musical terminology
1689:collegesidekick.com
1558:(2002). "Bass (Fr.
487:Bass vocal range (E
473:barbershop quartets
422:Rejoice in the Lamb
253:and has the lowest
2025:Organ registration
1914:Tenore contraltino
1573:Grove Music Online
1510:Category of basses
1355:Tristan und Isolde
1113:Schwerer Spielbass
1036:Dottor Dulcamara,
700:Bluebeard's Castle
649:Schwerer Spielbass
639:bass (high bass),
529:, with the lowest
508:
479:Range and subtypes
340:), for example in
2103:Opera terminology
2053:
2052:
1724:Media related to
1595:978-1-56159-263-0
1367:by Richard Wagner
1358:by Richard Wagner
1349:by Richard Wagner
1334:by Richard Wagner
1325:by Richard Wagner
1295:Il Commendatore,
1279:Gaetano Donizetti
1262:Der Rosenkavalier
1255:Modest Mussorgsky
1181:Modest Mussorgsky
1133:Alexander Borodin
1053:Gioachino Rossini
1032:Gaetano Donizetti
970:Jugendlicher Bass
963:Jugendlicher Bass
957:by Giuseppe Verdi
948:by Giuseppe Verdi
912:by Richard Wagner
890:Modest Mussorgsky
878:Alexander Borodin
844:by Giuseppe Verdi
835:by Giuseppe Verdi
826:by Giuseppe Verdi
570:Der Rosenkavalier
519:
518:
495:) notated on the
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235:
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16:(Redirected from
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1988:Related articles
1919:Tenore di grazia
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1576:(8th ed.).
1556:Elizabeth Forbes
1547:
1485:Private Willis,
1437:Adam Goodheart,
1402:Benjamin Britten
1115:
1045:Doctor Bartolo,
1039:L'elisir d'amore
972:
954:Simon Boccanegra
859:
745:Méphistophélès,
647:("funny" bass),
635:(singing bass),
605:
604:
588:
587:
582:
581:
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417:Benjamin Britten
377:Ne otverzhi mene
366:symphonic suite
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1865:Soprano sfogato
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1682:
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1673:Wayback Machine
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1642:
1638:
1631:BBC Cymru Wales
1625:
1624:
1617:
1611:
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1506:
1501:
1456:H.M.S. Pinafore
1411:
1406:
1310:Götterdämmerung
1288:
1283:
1267:Richard Strauss
1241:Die Zauberflöte
1196:
1190:
1185:
1145:Albert Lortzing
1118:
1116:/dramatic buffo
1108:
1090:Die Zauberflöte
1057:Don Magnifico,
1006:
998:Giacomo Puccini
965:
960:
852:
847:
721:Count Rodolfo,
697:Duke Bluebeard
667:
661:
627:
609:(The Barber in
608:
602:
601:
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591:
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584:
579:
578:
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539:basso profondos
536:
515:
505:
494:
490:
481:
449:
447:In choral music
442:
438:
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397:basso profondos
387:below those in
381:Pavel Chesnokov
354:All-Night Vigil
339:
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261:. According to
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1194:Basso profondo
1192:Main article:
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1169:Richard Wagner
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1157:Giuseppe Verdi
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1140:Der WildschĂĽtz
1135:
1125:Khan Konchak,
1122:
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1109:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1069:Così fan tutte
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1060:La Cenerentola
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1024:Don Pasquale,
1021:
1013:patter singing
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781:Don Giovanni,
779:
772:Così fan tutte
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674:Basso cantante
670:Basso cantante
663:Main article:
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633:basso cantante
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346:Symphony No. 2
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295:basso cantante
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1312:
1311:
1306:
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1300:
1299:
1294:
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1291:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1271:Baldassarre,
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
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1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:Boris Godunov
1246:
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1177:
1176:Boris Godunov
1172:
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1066:Don Alfonso,
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891:
887:
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885:Boris Godunov
881:
879:
875:
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869:
868:
866:
864:
863:bass-baritone
860:
858:
843:
842:
837:
834:
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828:
825:
824:
819:
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812:
807:
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769:Don Alfonso,
768:
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738:
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732:
730:
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724:La sonnambula
720:
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714:
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709:Don Pizarro,
708:
706:
702:
701:
696:
694:
690:
689:
684:
683:
681:
679:
678:bass-baritone
675:
671:
666:
665:Bass-baritone
656:
654:
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629:
623:
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343:
342:Gustav Mahler
330:
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249:
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242:is a type of
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170:
167:
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164:Mezzo-soprano
162:
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143:
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139:
131:
128:
120:
117:February 2008
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2113:Choral music
2045:Vocal weight
1945:
1909:Haute-contre
1892:Countertenor
1738:
1688:
1679:
1665:
1662:Ranges Guide
1657:
1648:
1639:
1599:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:J. B. Steane
1514:
1494:
1486:
1480:The Sorcerer
1478:
1477:The Notary,
1470:
1462:
1454:
1448:Princess Ida
1446:
1438:
1427:
1421:
1418:Savoy operas
1412:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1308:
1298:Don Giovanni
1296:
1289:
1272:
1260:
1259:Baron Ochs,
1248:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1206:
1203:J. B. Steane
1197:
1174:
1162:
1152:Il trovatore
1150:
1138:
1126:
1119:
1097:
1096:The Doctor,
1088:
1081:Don Giovanni
1079:
1067:
1058:
1046:
1037:
1027:Don Pasquale
1025:
1008:
1007:
991:
981:Don Giovanni
979:
967:
966:
952:
943:
931:
916:
907:
895:
883:
871:
854:
853:
841:Il trovatore
839:
832:Luisa Miller
830:
821:
809:
800:
791:
784:Don Giovanni
782:
770:
758:
746:
734:
722:
710:
698:
693:Adolphe Adam
686:
673:
669:
668:
655:(low bass).
652:
648:
644:
641:jugendlicher
640:
636:
632:
630:
619:
610:
568:
565:
554:
520:
450:
430:
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414:
388:
376:
367:
326:
316:
309:
307:
302:
298:
294:
292:
262:
239:
237:
199:
185:Countertenor
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2088:Voice types
2040:Vocal range
1995:Chest voice
1924:Heldentenor
1830:Boy soprano
1413:All of the
1364:Die WalkĂĽre
1328:Gurnemanz,
1274:La favorite
1128:Prince Igor
1078:Leporello,
873:Prince Igor
820:Philip II,
705:BĂ©la BartĂłk
645:basso buffo
527:voice types
523:vocal range
350:Rachmaninov
308:The German
299:basso buffo
259:voice types
255:vocal range
18:Basso buffo
2082:Categories
2020:Pedal tone
2010:Head voice
1840:Coloratura
1822:Voice type
1534:References
1472:The Mikado
1397:Billy Budd
1394:Claggart,
1319:Heinrich,
1238:Sarastro,
1149:Ferrando,
1104:Alban Berg
1087:Papageno,
942:Zaccaria,
894:Klingsor,
857:Hoher Bass
838:Ferrando,
823:Don Carlos
145:Voice type
87:newspapers
2030:Tessitura
2015:Passaggio
2005:Extension
1931:Baritenor
1897:Sopranist
1877:Contralto
1845:Soubrette
1812:Vocal fry
1710:BBC Wales
1440:Ruddigore
1420:, except
1385:Don Carlo
1361:Hunding,
1346:Siegfried
1322:Lohengrin
1173:Varlaam,
1137:Baculus,
1017:bel canto
993:La bohème
990:Colline,
978:Masetto,
760:Ariodante
688:Le chalet
543:oktavists
531:tessitura
427:tessitura
368:Cantabile
288:bass clef
284:tessitura
244:classical
169:Contralto
1974:Sub-bass
1936:Baritone
1887:Castrato
1860:Dramatic
1802:Falsetto
1781:register
1669:Archived
1504:See also
1488:Iolanthe
1423:Patience
1337:Fafner,
1331:Parsifal
1161:Daland,
1019:operas.
951:Fiesco,
915:Caspar,
897:Parsifal
802:Idomeneo
790:Figaro,
736:Susannah
733:Blitch,
617:serenata
612:The Nose
603:♯
586:♯
580:♯
469:baritone
348:and the
334:♭
269:middle C
195:Baritone
1835:Soprano
1797:Whistle
1562:; Ger.
1352:Marke,
1307:Hagen,
1247:Pimen,
1226:Osmin,
1217:Fidelio
1214:Rocco,
1099:Wozzeck
945:Nabucco
933:Macbeth
906:Wotan,
882:Boris,
808:Silva,
729:Bellini
712:Fidelio
583:or G (F
525:of all
465:soprano
395:. Many
323:History
282:). Its
257:of all
248:singing
159:Soprano
101:scholar
2118:Basses
2058:Portal
2035:Timbre
1979:Treble
1855:Spinto
1592:
1566:; It.
1445:Arac,
928:Banquo
870:Igor,
811:Ernani
463:, and
329:B-flat
151:Female
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2072:Opera
1962:Sound
1904:Tenor
1850:Lyric
1807:Modal
1568:basso
1560:basse
1373:Sadko
1009:Buffo
748:Faust
685:Max,
637:hoher
592:and G
547:opera
500:staff
457:tenor
404:(110
383:) or
251:voice
246:male
190:Tenor
108:JSTOR
94:books
2000:Clef
1969:Bass
1946:Bass
1881:Alto
1779:and
1739:Bass
1590:ISBN
1570:)".
1564:Bass
1516:Fach
1426:and
1343:and
541:and
497:bass
461:alto
317:Fach
311:Fach
240:bass
200:Bass
177:Male
80:news
32:Bass
1582:doi
1400:by
1388:by
1376:by
1313:by
1301:by
1277:by
1265:by
1253:by
1232:by
1220:by
1205:in
1179:by
1167:by
1155:by
1143:by
1131:by
1102:by
1072:by
1051:by
1030:by
996:by
984:by
936:by
921:by
900:by
888:by
876:by
814:by
775:by
763:by
751:by
739:by
727:by
715:by
703:by
691:by
563:.
451:In
443:).
391:by
379:by
364:'s
352:'s
344:'s
63:by
2084::
1708:,
1687:.
1629:.
1618:^
1608:/F
1604:–E
1598:.
1588:.
1580:.
1554:;
1542:^
930:,
865:.
680:.
628:.
491:–E
459:,
439:–C
406:Hz
371:,
356:,
277:–E
238:A
2060::
1883:)
1879:(
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1691:.
1633:.
1610:4
1606:4
1602:2
1600:E
1584::
626:4
607:4
598:4
594:4
590:4
575:2
561:2
551:2
535:2
506:)
504:4
493:4
489:2
441:4
437:2
410:1
402:2
400:A
385:F
373:G
358:A
338:1
279:4
275:2
273:E
227:e
220:t
213:v
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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