1273:, darker ventral plumage in males is associated with higher breeding success. In other populations, the breeding success of the male is related to the length of the tail streamers, with longer streamers being more attractive to the female. Males with longer tail feathers are generally longer-lived and more disease resistant, females thus gaining an indirect fitness benefit from this form of selection, since longer tail feathers indicate a genetically stronger individual which will produce offspring with enhanced vitality. Males in northern Europe have longer tails than those further south, whereas in Spain the male's tail streamers are only 5% longer than the female's; in Finland, the difference is 20%. In Denmark, the average male tail length increased by 9% between 1984 and 2004, but it is possible that climatic changes may lead in the future to shorter tails if summers become hot and dry.
1471:
1314:
suitable vertical projection. It is constructed by both sexes, although more often by the female, with mud pellets collected in their beaks and lined with grasses, feathers, algae or other soft materials. The nest building ability of the male is also sexually selected; females will lay more eggs and at an earlier date with males who are better at nest construction, with the opposite being true with males that are not. After building the nest, barn swallows may nest colonially where sufficient high-quality nest sites are available, and within a colony, each pair defends a territory around the nest which, for the
European subspecies, is 4 to 8 m (40 to 90 sq ft) in size.
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1007:
6382:
1242:
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1628:. The roughly 250 m (270 yd) square Mount Moreland reed bed is a night roost for more than three million barn swallows, which represent 1% of the global population and 8% of the European breeding population. The reed bed lies on the flight path of aircraft using the proposed La Mercy airport, and there were fears that it would be cleared because the birds could threaten aircraft safety. However, following detailed evaluation, advanced radar technology will be installed to enable planes using the airport to be warned of bird movements and, if necessary, take appropriate measures to avoid the flocks.
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716:
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42:
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237:
73:
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954:, Costa Rica, Panama and South America to winter. A few may winter in the southernmost parts of the breeding range. This subspecies funnels through Central America on a narrow front and is therefore abundant on passage in the lowlands of both coasts. Since the 1980s, small numbers of this subspecies have been found nesting in Argentina.
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chicks fledge. The fledged young stay with, and are fed by, the parents for about a week after leaving the nest. Occasionally, first-year birds from the first brood will assist in feeding the second brood. Compared to those from early broods, juvenile barn swallows from late broods have been found to
1287:
The breeding season of the barn swallow is variable: in the southern part of the range, the breeding season usually is from
February or March to early to mid September, although some late second and third broods finish in October. In the northern part of the range, it usually starts late May to early
1638:
will make it a more formidable obstacle for migrating
European birds. Hot dry summers will reduce the availability of insect food for chicks. Conversely, warmer springs may lengthen the breeding season and result in more chicks, and the opportunity to use nest sites outside buildings in the north of
1332:
Barn swallows will normally raise two broods, with the original nest being reused for the second brood and being repaired and reused in subsequent years. The female lays two to seven, but typically four or five, reddish-spotted white eggs. The clutch size is influenced by latitude, with clutch sizes
1002:
Barn swallows are semi-colonial, settling in groups from a single pair to a few dozen pairs, particularly in larger wooden structures housing animals. The same individuals often breed at the same site year after year, although settlement choices have been experimentally shown to be predicted by nest
1176:
The amount of food a clutch will get depends on the size of the clutch, with larger clutches getting more food on average. The timing of a clutch also determines the food given; later broods get food that is smaller in size compared to earlier broods. This is because larger insects are too far away
481:
forehead, chin and throat, which are separated from the off-white underparts by a broad dark blue breast band. The outer tail feathers are elongated, giving the distinctive deeply forked "swallow tail". There is a line of white spots across the outer end of the upper tail. The female is similar in
346:
from mud pellets in barns or similar structures and feeds on insects caught in flight. This species lives in close association with humans, and its insect-eating habits mean that it is tolerated by humans; this acceptance was reinforced in the past by superstitions regarding the bird and its nest.
1794:
was reinforced by superstitions regarding damage to the barn swallow's nest. Such an act might lead to cows giving bloody milk, or no milk at all, or to hens ceasing to lay. This may be a factor in the longevity of swallows' nests. Survival, with suitable annual refurbishment, for 10â15 years is
1198:
before swooping low over the reeds. Reed beds are an important source of food prior to and whilst on migration; although the barn swallow is a diurnal migrant that can feed on the wing whilst it travels low over ground or water, the reed beds enable fat deposits to be established or replenished.
1120:
The barn swallow typically feeds in open areas 7â8 m (23â26 ft) above shallow water or the ground often following animals, humans or farm machinery to catch disturbed insects, but it will occasionally pick prey items from the water surface, walls and plants. Swallows have been observed
1080:
Migration of barn swallows between
Britain and South Africa was first established on 23 December 1912 when a bird that had been ringed by James Masefield at a nest in Staffordshire, was found in Natal. As would be expected for a long-distance migrant, this bird has occurred as a vagrant to such
885:
in 1786, has whitish underparts and a broken breast band. The breast is chestnut and the lower underparts more pink-buff. The populations that breed in the central and eastern
Himalayas have been included in this subspecies, although the primary breeding range is Japan and Korea. The east Asian
1396:
Hatching success is 90% and the fledging survival rate is 70â90%. Average mortality is 70â80% in the first year and 40â70% for the adult. Although the record age is more than 11 years, most survive less than four years. Barn swallow nestlings have prominent red gapes, a feature shown to induce
1207:
Males sing to defend small territories (when living in colonies, less so in solitary pairs) and to attract mates. Males sing throughout the breeding season, from late April into August in many parts of the range. Their song is made up of a "twitter warble," followed by a rising "P-syllable" in
1313:
As its name implies, the barn swallow typically nests inside accessible buildings such as barns and stables, or under bridges and wharves. Before man-made sites became common, it nested on cliff faces or in caves, but this is now rare. The neat cup-shaped nest is placed on a beam or against a
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The preferred habitat of the barn swallow is open country with low vegetation, such as pasture, meadows and farmland, preferably with nearby water. This swallow avoids heavily wooded or precipitous areas and densely built-up locations. The presence of accessible open structures such as barns,
1608:
in the US in the 19th century, and an ongoing gradual decline in numbers in parts of Europe and Asia due to agricultural intensification, reducing the availability of insect food. However, there has been an increase in the population in North
America during the 20th century with the greater
1758:
In the book of
Proverbs, chapter 26:2, it mentions the swallow, alluding to perhaps death by predators such as the falcon when airborne in flight, and thus inferring that there is a distinct cause and effect relationship between risky actions, and negative consequences that result.
737:
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804:. The barn swallows wintering in southern Africa are from across Eurasia to at least 91°E, and have been recorded as covering up to 11,660 km (7,250 mi) on their annual migration. The nominate European subspecies was the first to have its genome sequenced and published.
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appearance to the male, but the tail streamers are shorter, the blue of the upperparts and breast band is less glossy, and the underparts paler. The juvenile is browner and has a paler rufous face and whiter underparts. It also lacks the long tail streamers of the adult.
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This is a species that has greatly benefited historically from forest clearance, which has created the open habitats it prefers, and from human habitation, which have given it an abundance of safe man-made nest sites. There have been local declines due to the use of
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feeding by parent birds. An experiment in manipulating brood size and immune system showed the vividness of the gape was positively correlated with T-cellâmediated immunocompetence, and that larger brood size and injection with an antigen led to a less vivid gape.
1661:
The barn swallow is an attractive bird that feeds on flying insects and has therefore been tolerated by humans when it shares their buildings for nesting. As one of the earlier migrants, this conspicuous species is also seen as an early sign of summer's approach.
1786:
is traditional among sailors as a symbol of a safe return; the tradition was that a mariner had a tattoo of this fellow wanderer after sailing 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 kilometres). A second swallow would be added after 10,000 nmi (19,000 km) at sea.
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fields and the waste from the cane. In the absence of suitable roost sites, they may sometimes roost on wires where they are more exposed to predators. Individual birds tend to return to the same wintering locality each year and congregate from a large area to
1329:. Barn swallows will build their nest below an osprey nest, receiving protection from other birds of prey that are repelled by the exclusively fish-eating ospreys. The ospreys are alerted to the presence of these predators by the alarm calls of the swallows.
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in reed beds. These roosts can be extremely large; one in
Nigeria had an estimated 1.5 million birds. These roosts are thought to be a protection from predators, and the arrival of roosting birds is synchronised in order to overwhelm predators like
654:
1268:
The male barn swallow returns to the breeding grounds before the females and selects a nest site, which is then advertised to females with a circling flight and song. Plumage may be used to advertise: in some populations, like in the subspecies
1183:
studies have shown that wintering populations may utilise different feeding habitats, with
British breeders feeding mostly over grassland, whereas Swiss birds utilised woodland more. Another study showed that a single population breeding in
1021:
1216:
In all subspecies, this is followed by a short "Q-syllable" and a trilled series of pulses, termed the "rattle." The rattle is sometimes followed by a terminal "Ω-Note" in some subspecies' populations, and always at the end of
1536:. The avian lice prefer to feed on white tail spots, and they are generally found more numerously on short-tailed males, indicating the function of unbroken white tail spots as a measure of quality. In Texas, the swallow bug (
3204:
1224:
Female songs are much shorter than male songs, and are only produced during the early part of the breeding season. Females sing spontaneously, though infrequently, and will also countersing in response to each other.
3954:
Liu, Yu; Scordato, Elizabeth S. C.; Safran, Rebecca; Evans, Matthew (2018). "Ventral colour, not tail streamer length, is associated with seasonal reproductive performance in a
Chinese population of barn swallows
703:âwas formerly treated as a subspecies of barn swallow. The red-chested swallow is slightly smaller than its migratory relative, has a narrower blue breast-band, and (in the adult) has shorter tail streamers. In
652:
1583:
The barn swallow has an enormous range, with an estimated global extent of about 250,000,000 km (97,000,000 sq mi) and a population of 190 million individuals. The species is evaluated as
1553:
are known to prey on barn swallows. Swallows at their communal roosts attract predators and several falcon species make use of these opportunities. Falcon species confirmed as predators include the
1191:
The barn swallow drinks by skimming low over lakes or rivers and scooping up water with its open mouth. This bird bathes in a similar fashion, dipping into the water for an instant while in flight.
1117:. It is not a particularly fast flier, with a speed estimated at 11 m/s (40 km/h), up to 20 m/s (72 km/h) and a wing beat rate of approximately 5, up to 7â9 times each second.
814:
in 1910. It breeds in the Middle East from southern Turkey to Israel and is partially resident, though some birds winter in East Africa. It has orange-red underparts and a broken breast band. The
1036:
and North America, and it is absent only from deserts and the cold northernmost parts of the continents. Over much of its range, it avoids towns, and in Europe is replaced in urban areas by the
999:
stables, or culverts to provide nesting sites, and exposed locations such as wires, roof ridges or bare branches for perching, are also important in the bird's selection of its breeding range.
733:
347:
There are frequent cultural references to the barn swallow in literary and religious works due to both its living in close proximity to humans and its annual migration. The barn swallow is the
653:
1003:
availability rather than any characteristics of available mates. Because it takes around 2 weeks for a pair to build a nest from mud, hair, and other materials, old nests are highly prized.
3844:
Wilkins, Matthew R; Scordato, Elizabeth S C; Semenov, Georgy A; Karaardiç, Hakan; Shizuka, Daizaburo; Rubtsov, Alexander; Pap, Peter L; Shen, Sheng-Feng; Safran, Rebecca J (30 March 2018).
339:) have fairly restricted ranges in the Nile valley and eastern Mediterranean, respectively. The other four are more widespread, with winter ranges covering much of the Southern Hemisphere.
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4855:
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area. It is thought that the two eastern Asia forms were once geographically separate, but the nest sites provided by expanding human habitation allowed the ranges to overlap.
3112:
1055:
In winter, the barn swallow is cosmopolitan in its choice of habitat, avoiding only dense forests and deserts. It is most common in open, low vegetation habitats, such as
4101:
Kose, Mati; MĂ€nd, Raivo; MĂžller, Anders Pape (December 1999). "Sexual selection for white tail spots in the barn swallow in relation to habitat choice by feather lice".
2272:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata
946:
in 1783, differs from the European subspecies in having redder underparts and a narrower, often incomplete, blue breast band. It breeds throughout North America, from
5271:
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1814:, where it represents younger sons who have no lands. It is also represented as lacking feet as this was a common belief at the time. As a result of a campaign by
3158:
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312:
in the world, occurring on all continents, with vagrants reported even in Antarctica. It appears to have the largest natural distribution of any of the world's
4326:
Soler, Juan José; Cuervo, José Javier; MÞller, Anders Pape; De Lope, Florentino (1998). "Nest building is a sexually selected behaviour in the barn swallow".
1077:. The barn swallow has been recorded as breeding in the more temperate parts of its winter range, such as the mountains of Thailand and in central Argentina.
2924:
1291:
Both sexes defend the nest, but the male is particularly aggressive and territorial. Once established, pairs stay together to breed for life, but extra-pair
2684:
4612:
Kose, Mati; MĂžller, Anders Pape (1999). "Sexual selection, feather breakage and parasites: the importance of white spots in the tail of the barn swallow (
5259:
3846:"Global song divergence in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica): exploring the roles of genetic, geographical and climatic distance in sympatry and allopatry"
1616:
A specific threat to wintering birds from the European populations is the transformation by the South African government of a light aircraft runway near
342:
The barn swallow is a bird of open country that normally nests in man-made structures and consequently has spread with human expansion. It builds a cup
1373:
that venture too close to their nest, often flying very close to the threat. Adult barn swallows have few predators, but some are taken by accipiters,
7267:
3811:
2601:
1357:, but in North America the male may incubate up to 25% of the time. The incubation period is normally 14â19 days, with another 18â23 days before the
645:
745:
Six subspecies of barn swallow are generally recognised. In eastern Asia, a number of additional or alternative forms have been proposed, including
1782:, but even this careful observer was uncertain whether it migrated or hibernated in winter. Elsewhere, its long journeys were well observed, and a
2559:
316:, ranging over 251 million square kilometres globally. It is a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts and a long, deeply forked tail. In
7158:
4765:
Ezaki, Yasuo; Mizota, Hiromi (2006). "Wintering of a Peregrine Falcon on an electricity pylon and its food in a suburban area of western Japan".
2376:
606:
4873:
2625:"SMRT long reads and Direct Label and Stain optical maps allow the generation of a high-quality genome assembly for the European barn swallow (
1032:
This species breeds across the Northern Hemisphere from sea level to 2,700 m (8,900 ft), but to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the
7443:
7223:
2314:
1470:
1284:
damage again demonstrate breeding quality; a positive association exists between spot size and the number of offspring produced each season.
4002:
Saino, Nicola; Romano, Maria; Sacchi; Roberto; Ninni, Paola; Galeotti, Paolo; MĂžller, Anders Pape (September 2003). "Do male barn swallows (
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Swallows gather in communal roosts after breeding, sometimes thousands strong. Reed beds are regularly favoured, with the birds swirling
3598:
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6232:
4434:
L. from late broods start autumn migration younger, fuel less effectively and show lower return rates than juveniles from early broods"
3000:"Settlement patterns of female barn swallows Hirundo rustica across different group sizes: access to colorful males or favored nests?"
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661:
583:
means "of the country". This species is the only one of that genus to have a range extending into the Americas, with the majority of
4932:
3567:
3104:
7519:
7404:
7109:
520:
The distinctive combination of a red face and blue breast band renders the adult barn swallow easy to distinguish from the African
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7430:
7171:
2707:
4743:
4466:
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2736:
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2443:
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region of Siberia, a dispersal direction opposite to that for most changes in distribution between North America and Eurasia.
5105:
5080:
5016:
4907:
4226:
MĂžller, Anders Pape (October 1985). "Mixed reproductive strategy and mate guarding in a semi-colonial passerine, the swallow
4163:
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1714:: "For as one swallow or one day does not make a spring, so one day or a short time does not make a fortunate or happy man."
7435:
7176:
7524:
7509:
7504:
7262:
4191:
MĂžller, Anders Pape; Tegelstrom, HĂ„kan (November 1997). "Extra-pair paternity and tail ornamentation in the barn swallow".
429: in) long including 2â7 cm (1â3 in) of elongated outer tail feathers. It has a wingspan of 32â34.5 cm (
777:
in 1934. Given the uncertainties over the validity of these forms, this article follows the treatment of Turner and Rose.
6601:
5264:
5032:
1669:, the barn swallow appears to have used man-made structures and bridges since time immemorial. An early reference is in
7132:
7047:
5317:
5155:
4587:
3146:
2474:
1818:, the barn swallow has been the national bird of Estonia since 23 June 1960, and is also the national bird of Austria.
1592:, and has no special status under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (
1333:
of northern populations being higher on average than southern populations. The eggs are 20 mm Ă 14 mm (
7306:
6611:
5121:
3467:"Wingbeat frequency of barn swallows and house martins: a comparison between free flight and wind tunnel experiments"
485:
Although both sexes sing, female song was only recently described. (See below for details about song.) Calls include
1843:
1353: in) in size, and weigh 1.9 grams (29 grains), of which 5% is shell. In Europe, the female does almost all the
7514:
7448:
7314:
7078:
1621:
7228:
2905:
1700:
Many literary references are based on the barn swallow's northward migration as a symbol of spring or summer. The
1446:
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6674:
2676:
1778:
1362:
migrate at a younger age, fuel less efficiently during migration and have lower return rates the following year.
557:
212:
6825:
6669:
6531:
6225:
1740:
4688:
928:, has deep orange-red underparts and an incomplete breast band. The tail is also longer. It breeds in central
7210:
6995:
6689:
6684:
6606:
5864:
5859:
5253:
2136:"Analysis of female song provides insight into the evolution of sex differences in a widely studied songbird"
1783:
1634:
may affect the barn swallow; drought causes weight loss and slow feather regrowth, and the expansion of the
587:
species being native to Africa. This genus of blue-backed swallows is sometimes called the "barn swallows".
6899:
6807:
3819:
17:
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1299:
864:
7529:
6972:
6923:
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5247:
3620:
Tryjanowski, Piotr; Jankowiak, Ćukasz; Myczko, Ćukasz; Mikula, Peter; Ćuczak, Andrzej (25 January 2024).
1692:
infections; however, a study in Sweden showed no evidence of the birds being reservoirs of the bacteria.
3067:"Nest-site selection in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica: What predicts seasonal reproductive success?"
1950:
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6747:
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There are six subspecies of barn swallow, which breed across the Northern Hemisphere. Two subspecies, (
1647:
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6941:
6928:
6890:
6830:
6757:
6218:
6173:
6153:
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availability of nesting sites and subsequent range expansion, including the colonisation of northern
1550:
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925:
592:
2570:. Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town. Archived from
614:
The swallow, though called the chimney-swallow, by no means builds altogether in chimnies [
97:
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7236:
6442:
5969:
5223:
2910:
y registros novedosos de nidificatiĂłn en la provincia de San Luis y suroeste de CĂłrdoba, Argentina"
1310:. Males may use deceptive alarm calls to disrupt extrapair copulation attempts toward their mates.
1006:
882:
7202:
4465:
Saino, Nicola; Ambrosini, Roberto; Martinelli, Roberta; Ninni, Paola; MĂžller, Anders Pape (2003).
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are also preyed upon. When egg-laying, barn swallows hunt in pairs, but otherwise will form often
1133:
also a significant component. However, in Europe, the barn swallow consumes fewer aphids than the
6454:
6128:
6063:
5409:
2347:
1739:("When will I be like the swallow, so that I can stop being silent?") This refers to the myth of
1252:
1241:
536:. In Africa the short tail streamers of the juvenile barn swallow invite confusion with juvenile
7293:
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7163:
6959:
6852:
6797:
6737:
6359:
6143:
6073:
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5959:
5929:
5839:
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5218:
3751:"Heterogeneity in stable isotope profiles predicts coexistence of populations of barn swallows
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857:
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317:
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1918:"Geographic variation in sexual selection and implications for speciation in the Barn Swallow"
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6158:
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5814:
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Haemig, Paul D.; Hernandez J.; Waldenström J.; Bonnedahl J.; Olsen B (2008). "Barn swallows (
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2709:
Type Specimens of Birds in the Merseyside County Museums (formerly City of Liverpool Museums)
2355:
1653:
834:, with accession number NML-VZ T2057. The specimen was collected in the Plains of Esdraclon,
192:
7461:
3897:"Song correlates with social context, testosterone and body condition in male barn swallows"
1434:
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Wilkins, Matthew R.; Odom, Karan J.; Benedict, Lauryn; Safran, Rebecca J. (October 2020).
8:
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Duffin, K. (1973). "Barn Swallows use freshwater and marine algae in nest construction".
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1990:
1428:) in Eurasia, the cross with the latter being one of the most common passerine hybrids.
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1710:
1528:. Several other species of lice have been described from barn swallow hosts, including
1045:
907:
842:. The specimen came to the Liverpool national collection through the purchase of Canon
835:
688:
276:
92:
4667:
Kopachena JG, Cochran BL, Nichols TB (2007). "The incidence of American swallow bugs (
1575:
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have been recorded to routinely leap out of the water to capture low-flying swallows.
1276:
Males with long streamers also have larger white tail spots, and since feather-eating
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MĂžller, A P (1991). "Parasites, sexual ornaments and mate choice in the Barn Swallow
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1917:
1538:
1069:
758:
7000:
4712:
4653:
4495:
4377:
Moller, Anders Pape (1984). "Geographical trends in breeding parameters of swallows
4363:
4259:
4212:
4138:
4035:
3988:
3928:
3735:
3466:
3302:
3039:
2951:"Barn swallows before barns: population histories and intercontinental colonization"
2724:
2469:
2419:
886:
breeders winter across tropical Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia and
823:
7489:
7383:
7013:
6581:
6555:
6469:
6103:
6098:
6006:
5724:
5684:
5560:
5330:
4966:
4821:
4774:
4684:
4633:
4583:
4555:
4485:
4445:
4394:
4335:
4286:
4247:
4200:
4110:
4023:
3968:
3908:
3895:
GALEOTTI, PAOLO; SAINO, NICOLA; SACCHI, ROBERTO; MĂLLER, ANDERS PAPE (April 1997).
3857:
3782:
3766:
3721:
3641:
3541:
3533:
3478:
3445:
3404:
3214:. Dube TradePort Environmental Impact Assessment Information Center. Archived from
3078:
3019:
2970:
2962:
2835:
2804:
2765:
2648:
2640:
2541:
2179:
2147:
1929:
1884:
1768:
1554:
1518:
1401:
1366:
1354:
1154:
1090:
1086:
921:
784:, the nominate European subspecies, breeds in Europe and Asia, as far north as the
766:
7370:
5295:
2152:
2135:
7359:
7332:
7249:
7065:
6987:
6651:
6398:
6390:
5924:
5919:
5749:
5744:
5699:
5275:
5260:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 2.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
5180:
Smiddy, P (2010). "Post-fledging roosting at the nest in juvenile barn swallows (
4936:
3706:"Segregation in the African wintering grounds of English and Swiss Barn Swallows
2949:
Zink, Robert M; Pavlova, Alexandra; Rohwer, Sievert; Drovetski, Sergei V (2006).
2644:
2270:
951:
943:
525:
7215:
4727:
3861:
3259:
2336:
1596:), which regulates international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants.
41:
7086:
7073:
6618:
6474:
6447:
6319:
6123:
6078:
5914:
5850:
5784:
5729:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5504:
5499:
5232:
3646:
3621:
2470:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 13. A preliminary review of the Hirundinidae"
1728:
1631:
1506:
on their wing and tail feathers. These holes were suggested as being caused by
1382:
750:
4027:
4006:) experience a trade-off between the expression of multiple sexual signals?".
3972:
3726:
3705:
3450:
3023:
2414:
1934:
1704:
about the necessity for more than one piece of evidence goes back at least to
1288:
June and ends the same time as the breeding season of the southernmost birds.
367:
7478:
7184:
6835:
6722:
6636:
6512:
6364:
6304:
6114:
5719:
5637:
4978:
4696:
4645:
4567:
4490:
4406:
4347:
4122:
3980:
3920:
3869:
3778:
3655:
3555:
3090:
3031:
2487:
2439:
2372:
2266:
1875:
1773:
1605:
1589:
1585:
1558:
1543:
1503:
1277:
1074:
811:
793:
785:
774:
620:], but often within barns and out-houses against the rafters ... In
553:
329:
208:
82:
77:
5431:
5151:
4948:
4532:
4427:
4273:
MĂžller, Anders Pape (1990). "Deceptive use of alarm calls by male swallows,
3896:
3537:
3482:
7052:
6875:
6782:
6595:
6569:
6506:
6408:
6403:
6294:
6264:
6168:
6133:
5964:
5825:
5659:
5395:
5344:
4986:
4870:"'World Cup 2010' development threatens millions of roosting Barn Swallows"
4833:
4704:
4575:
4339:
4290:
4130:
4114:
3912:
3796:
3770:
3563:
3490:
2984:
2966:
2662:
2180:
Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter (1999).
1835:
1522:, although other studies suggest that they are mainly caused by species of
1507:
1421:
1413:
1233:
1114:
910:, but is easily distinguished from the North American breeding subspecies,
831:
514:
510:
325:
5129:
4970:
4902:. Translated by Welldon, James Edward Cowell. Buffalo: Prometheus. 1987 .
4637:
4355:
4204:
7417:
7197:
7145:
6884:
6787:
6772:
6762:
6742:
6631:
6324:
6309:
6138:
5996:
5980:
5765:
5648:
5617:
5612:
5571:
5290:
5286:
3759:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
1815:
1791:
1744:
1732:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1122:
1110:
982:
704:
696:
601:
597:
544:), but the latter has a narrower breast band and more white in the tail.
533:
6951:
3338:
roost under attack: timing and risks in the presence of African Hobbies
2420:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 31. Eastern races of the barn swallow
1101:
7409:
7327:
7114:
6727:
6588:
6344:
6259:
5628:
4414:
4251:
4082:
Turner, Angela (January 2009). "Climate change: a Swallow's eye view".
1795:
regular, and one nest was reported to have been occupied for 48 years.
1688:
1499:
1281:
895:
887:
726:
Hartert (NML-VZ T2057) held at World Museum, National Museums Liverpool
672:
498:
7422:
7254:
4825:
4778:
4559:
4450:
4429:
3622:"White stork Ciconia ciconia nests as an attractant to birds and bats"
1717:
The barn swallow symbolises the coming of spring and thus love in the
1063:
it is described as being particularly attracted to burnt or harvested
875:
has a complete broad breast band and deeper red hue to the underparts.
50:
7150:
7034:
6562:
6459:
6286:
6269:
6210:
4467:"Gape coloration reliably reflects immunocompetence of barn swallow (
3428:
Korczak-Abshire, MaĆgorzata; Lees, Alexander; Jojczyk, Agata (2001).
3171:
3066:
2795:
Whistler, H (1937). "The breeding Swallow of the Western Himalayas".
2545:
1705:
1666:
1370:
1358:
1064:
343:
313:
236:
149:
109:
27:
Migratory passerine bird, and the most widespread species of swallow
7396:
6846:
4398:
3546:
3082:
2760:
1975:
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A. (2014). "Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)".
1041:
956:
924:
in 1864, and named for British soldier, naturalist and photographer
890:. Increasing numbers are wintering in Australia. It hybridises with
826:), an adult female, is held in the vertebrate zoology collection of
7353:
7039:
7026:
6869:
6626:
6299:
6274:
6054:
6017:
5795:
5473:
3515:
1811:
1683:" (Before the twittering swallow hangs its nest from the rafters).
1675:
1524:
1033:
815:
700:
129:
4100:
3401:
The Migration Atlas: Movements of the Birds of Britain and Ireland
981:
analyses show that barn swallows from North America colonised the
604:
in an English-language context is in Gilbert White's popular book
497:
when excited or trying to chase intruders away from the nest. The
6936:
6479:
6423:
6413:
5893:
5591:
5551:
5459:
5381:
5326:
1752:
1701:
1610:
1386:
1307:
1185:
1180:
1082:
1056:
929:
861:
356:
352:
309:
169:
159:
54:
3619:
2906:"Datos sobre la biologia reproductiva de la Golondrina Tijerita
1321:
In North America at least, barn swallows frequently engage in a
569:
H. rectricibus, exceptis duabus intermediis, macula alba notatĂźs
6334:
5710:
4001:
3843:
3202:
2034:
The Birds of the Western Palearctic concise edition (2 volumes)
1748:
1670:
1635:
1617:
1486:
1390:
1374:
1326:
1292:
1177:
from the nest to be profitable in terms of energy expenditure.
1162:
947:
933:
903:
797:
789:
681:
478:
119:
4792:
O'Brien, G. C.; Jacobs, F.; Evans, S. W.; Smit, N. J. (2014).
3703:
1860:
1858:
7391:
7021:
6484:
6418:
5447:
5369:
4518:
Bird-parasite interactions: Ecology, evolution, and behaviour
2239:
1724:
1593:
1130:
853:
576:
372:
5033:"Hardtack and marlinspikes â life and work aboard ship"
3331:
2103:
Swallows & Martins: An Identification Guide and Handbook
6245:
4872:(Press release). BirdLife International. 16 November 2006.
4428:
Raja-aho, S.; Eeva, T.; Suorsa, P.; Lehikoinen, E. (2017).
1855:
1296:
1166:
139:
4791:
3427:
3203:
Froneman, Albert; Bortle, Jon; Merritt, Ron (April 2007).
2948:
2536:
Vaurie, Charles (1951). "Notes on some Asiatic swallows".
1776:
studied the barn swallow in detail in his pioneering work
1109:
The barn swallow is similar in its habits to other aerial
600:"barn swallow" to 1851, though an earlier instance of the
4689:
10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[280:TIOASB]2.0.CO;2
3894:
2133:
1601:
1378:
1146:
1126:
1044:, Japan, the barn swallow is a more urban bird, with the
978:
969:
The short wings, red belly and incomplete breast band of
616:
517:. This species is fairly quiet on the wintering grounds.
4325:
3516:
Park, Kirsty; Rosén, Mikael; Hedenström, Anders (2001).
3205:"Draft swallow monitoring and bird aircraft interaction"
1604:
in Israel in the 1950s, competition for nest sites with
5040:
Sailors' tattoos post-visit activity, teachers' handout
4666:
4190:
3236:(2nd ed.). Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing.
3172:
Sinclair, Ian; Hockey, Phil; Tarboton, Warwick (2002).
2955:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2877:
397:
The adult male barn swallow of the nominate subspecies
3953:
3464:
1864:
1280:
prefer white feathers, large white tail spots without
324:; in northern Europe, it is the only member of family
3755:
differing in morphology and reproductive performance"
2904:
Torres, Cristian & Brandolin, Pablo (June 2020).
2275:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 191.
1916:
Scordato, Elizabeth S.C.; Safran, Rebecca J. (2014).
5070:
4530:
4520:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 328â343.
3372:
2467:
1825:
1113:, including other swallow species and the unrelated
932:
south to northern Mongolia and winters from eastern
796:. It migrates on a broad front to winter in Africa,
5325:
5233:
Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
5214:
High quality audio recording of a group of swallows
4764:
1059:and ranch land, and in Venezuela, South Africa and
5004:
4848:"World Cup airport 'threatens swallow population'"
4537:and other small passerines are probably caused by
3704:Evans, K. L.; Wadron, S.; Bradbury, R. B. (2003).
3465:Liechti, Felix; Bruderer, Lukas (15 August 2002).
3301:
2418:; Eck, Siegfried; Christopher M. Milensky (2002).
2335:
2100:
2032:Snow, David; Perrins, Christopher M, eds. (1998).
1890:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22712252A137668645.en
1686:Many cattle farmers believed that swallows spread
4531:Vas, Z; Csörgo, T; MÞller, A P; Rózsa, L (2008).
2285:
2240:Barlow, Clive; Wacher, Tim; Disley, Tony (1997).
2098:
1951:"The Barn Swallow Is Slowly Conquering the World"
7476:
4058:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 245.
3144:
2622:
2598:EURING Newsletter â Volume 1, November 1996
2242:A Field Guide to birds of The Gambia and Senegal
1681:Ante garrula quam tignis nidum suspendat hirundo
1452:Chicks and eggs in a nest with horse-hair lining
4319:
3947:
3522:) over a wide range of speeds in a wind tunnel"
3421:
2903:
2535:
2378:The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne
1974:
1790:In the past, the tolerance for this beneficial
707:, it looks paler underneath than barn swallow.
5244:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
4605:
3839:
3837:
3398:
3392:
2882:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
2334:
1915:
1306:. Males guard females actively to avoid being
477: oz). It has steel blue upperparts and a
371:Reported range from observations submitted to
6226:
5311:
5287:Citizen science observations for Barn swallow
5254:BirdLife species' status map for Europe (pdf)
4736:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
4151:
3580:
3268:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2774:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions.
2512:
2315:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
2306:
2129:
2127:
2125:
1639:the range might also lead to more offspring.
942:, the North American subspecies described by
788:, south to North Africa, the Middle East and
680:This suggests that the English name may be a
5128:. Estonian Embassy in London. Archived from
3888:
3748:
3742:
3691:Predation strategies in aerial feeding birds
3332:Bijlsma R.G. & van den Brink B. (2005).
3157:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
2756:
2754:
2705:
2463:
2461:
1125:nests as well. In the breeding areas, large
871:, which also has orange-red underparts, but
5100:. London: Aquarian Press. pp. 218â19.
4511:
4158:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 113â114.
3834:
3234:A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago
3105:"BirdLife International Species factsheet:
2942:
2821:
2794:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2031:
1642:
6233:
6219:
5318:
5304:
4893:
4891:
4611:
4370:
4145:
3430:"First documented record of barn swallow (
3327:
3325:
3257:
2468:Dickinson, Edward C.; René Dekker (2001).
2122:
1542:), which is common on species such as the
1481:
1121:feeding on insects that fly around active
375:shows the migration pattern of the species
235:
71:
40:
6803:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
5066:
5064:
4862:
4489:
4449:
4302:
4300:
4049:
4047:
4045:
3850:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
3786:
3725:
3682:
3645:
3545:
3449:
3373:Lekagul, Boonsong; Round, Philip (1991).
3295:
3293:
2974:
2751:
2652:
2458:
2235:
2233:
2151:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
1977:Handbook of the Birds of the World: Alive
1933:
1888:
1546:, is also known to infest barn swallows.
1188:actually wintered in two separate areas.
662:Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge
5144:
5122:"The State â Structure and Symbols"
5089:
4840:
4794:"First observation of African tigerfish
4725:
4077:
4075:
3809:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3097:
2878:Stiles, Gary; Skutch, Alexander (2003).
2822:Whistler, H (1940). "The Common Swallow
2513:Stresemann, E (1940). "Welche Rasse von
2367:
2365:
2265:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2168:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
1646:
1574:
1485:
1259:
1251:
1240:
1232:
1100:
1016:
1005:
955:
950:to southern Mexico, and migrates to the
729:
714:
366:
5114:
5042:. Maritime Museum of British Columbia.
4888:
4533:"The feather holes on the barn swallow
4458:
3366:
3322:
3231:
3225:
2586:
2552:
1948:
14:
7477:
6240:
5179:
5095:
5061:
4916:
4376:
4306:
4297:
4272:
4225:
4081:
4053:
4042:
3935:from the original on 14 September 2022
3803:
3458:
3299:
3290:
3212:Environmental Impact Assessment Report
3161:from the original on 10 December 2007.
3064:
3046:from the original on 14 September 2022
2997:
2897:
2871:
2852:
2846:
2722:
2716:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2312:See Gill, Frank, and Wright, Minturn,
2230:
2099:Turner, Angela K; Rose, Chris (1989).
1400:The barn swallow has been recorded as
6851:
6850:
6214:
5430:
5342:
5299:
5071:Cocker, Mark; Mabey, Richard (2005).
5049:from the original on 16 February 2008
4858:from the original on 3 December 2007.
4072:
4056:Sexual Selection and the Barn Swallow
3995:
3812:"The EURING Swallow Project in Italy"
3697:
3688:
3587:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 41.
3570:from the original on 9 November 2007.
3191:
3165:
3127:
3115:from the original on 15 December 2008
2771:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide
2371:
2362:
2210:
2199:
2051:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1318:tends to be larger in North America.
1129:make up around 70% of the diet, with
1052:) replacing it as the rural species.
914:, by the latter's reddish underparts.
824:Vog. pal. Fauna, Heft 6, 1910. p. 802
7092:084cdcdc-fe74-459e-abad-677ba70af827
5158:from the original on 9 November 2007
5025:
4999:
4876:from the original on 4 December 2007
4094:
3509:
3065:Safran, Rebecca Jo (November 2006).
2687:from the original on 1 December 2021
2604:from the original on 3 December 2007
2356:participating institution membership
2279:
1991:"Barn Swallow | Audubon Field Guide"
1911:
1909:
1907:
1844:Swallow migration versus hibernation
993:
846:'s collection by the museum in 1896.
308:) is the most widespread species of
7485:IUCN Red List least concern species
4900:The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle
4618:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
4232:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
4193:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
4008:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
3526:The Journal of Experimental Biology
3497:from the original on 15 August 2009
3471:The Journal of Experimental Biology
3004:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2998:Safran, Rebecca J. (13 June 2007).
2739:from the original on 1 October 2018
2399:
2328:
2036:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1876:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1579:A reflection flight of barn swallow
691:problems within the genus, but the
624:she builds in barns, and is called
532:) with which its range overlaps in
457: in) and weighs 16â22 g (
337:H. r. savignii and H. r. transitiva
24:
5231:European Swallow (barn swallow) -
5173:
4959:Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
4728:"Movement of the Eastern Swallow (
3810:Pilastro, Andrea (December 1998).
3145:Dewey, Tanya; Roth, Chava (2002).
2880:A guide to the Birds of Costa Rica
2840:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01671.x
2809:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1937.tb02182.x
2699:
2475:Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden
2428:Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden
2008:
634:
552:The barn swallow was described by
328:called a "swallow" rather than a "
25:
7541:
5197:
5098:Symbolic and Mythological Animals
4746:from the original on 15 June 2020
4593:from the original on 21 July 2011
4172:from the original on 26 July 2020
4152:Angela Turner (29 January 2010).
3876:from the original on 10 June 2021
3601:from the original on 26 July 2020
3581:Angela Turner (29 January 2010).
3518:"Kinematics of the barn swallow (
3278:from the original on 26 July 2020
2930:from the original on 23 June 2022
2725:"Type specimens of birds. Part 2"
2494:from the original on 24 July 2011
2446:from the original on 24 July 2011
1904:
6380:
5432:All other swallows and martins (
4675:) colonies in northeast Texas".
4516:". In Loye, J E; Zuk, M (eds.).
3749:MĂžller, AP; Hobson, K A (2004).
3670:"Hirundo rustica (Barn swallow)"
3375:A Guide to the Birds of Thailand
2706:R. Wagstaffe (1 December 1978).
1828:
1695:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1237:Four well-grown chicks in a nest
695:âa resident of West Africa, the
671:Problems playing this file? See
650:
610:, originally published in 1789:
96:
7520:Birds of the Dominican Republic
5204:BirdLife species factsheet for
5075:. London: Chatto & Windus.
4993:
4942:
4785:
4758:
4719:
4660:
4524:
4505:
4421:
4266:
4219:
4184:
3662:
3613:
3574:
3251:
3058:
2991:
2815:
2788:
2669:
2616:
2594:"Bird ringing across the world"
2529:
2506:
2381:. London: T. Bensley. pp.
2259:
1865:BirdLife International (2019).
1779:The Natural History of Selborne
1498:Barn swallows (and other small
1295:is common, making this species
607:The Natural History of Selborne
227:
6532:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck
5007:The Harper Anthology of Poetry
4732:) ringed at Mootpuzha, Kerala"
3693:(PhD). University of Stirling.
3174:SASOL Birds of Southern Africa
2519:Ornithologischen Monatsbericht
2289:A Latin dictionary for schools
1983:
1968:
1942:
936:east to Thailand and Malaysia.
505:for predators like cats and a
362:
320:Europe, it is just called the
13:
1:
6808:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
5865:Southern rough-winged swallow
5860:Northern rough-winged swallow
5349:subfamily: Pseudochelidoninae
5152:"National symbols of Estonia"
2855:The North American Bird Guide
2244:. Robertsbridge: Pica Press.
2153:10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.07.018
1849:
1762:
860:in 1817 and named for French
856:subspecies, was described by
710:
7138:barn-swallow-hirundo-rustica
5283:at VIREO (Drexel University)
5250:â Cornell Lab of Ornithology
5248:Barn Swallow Species Account
5011:. New York: Harper and Row.
4939:. Retrieved 28 November 2007
4054:MĂžller, Anders Pape (1994).
3399:Wernham, Chris, ed. (2002).
2215:. London: Christopher Helm.
2107:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1737:"Quando fiam uti chelidon ?"
1502:) often have characteristic
1420:) in North America, and the
1149:, are important food items.
1141:. On the wintering grounds,
988:
7:
7525:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
7510:National symbols of Estonia
7505:National symbols of Austria
6544:Jonathan Livingston Seagull
6496:The Conference of the Birds
6164:South African cliff swallow
5945:White-throated blue swallow
5457:
5379:
5212:Audio recording of swallows
4798:predating on barn swallows
3816:Euring Newsletter, Volume 2
3377:. Bangkok: Saha Karn Baet.
3264:Linnaeus roosting on wires"
3071:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1821:
1549:Predatory bats such as the
1228:
820:Chelidon rustica transitiva
547:
10:
7546:
6826:Humanâdinosaur coexistence
6525:A History of British Birds
6331:In mythology and religion
6149:Red-throated cliff swallow
5603:Brown-throated sand martin
5281:Barn swallow photo gallery
5265:Feathers of barn swallow (
4730:Hirundo rustica gutturalis
4277:: a new paternity guard".
3957:Hirundo rustica gutturalis
3647:10.1007/s10336-023-02143-y
3355:(1): 37â48. Archived from
3111:. BirdLife International.
2645:10.1093/gigascience/giy142
2286:Lewis, Charlton T (1888).
1766:
1743:in which she turns into a
1534:Philopterus microsomaticus
1369:intruders such as cats or
1264:Juveniles waiting for food
1096:
828:National Museums Liverpool
646:Recording of barn swallows
7343:
6929:Hirundo_(Hirundo)_rustica
6859:
6831:Category:Birds and humans
6818:
6758:Henry Constantine Richter
6700:
6662:
6432:
6389:
6378:
6252:
6182:
6174:Chestnut-collared swallow
6112:
6052:
6015:
5978:
5891:
5873:
5848:
5823:
5793:
5763:
5708:
5646:
5626:
5589:
5569:
5549:
5531:
5513:
5471:
5456:
5445:
5441:
5426:
5393:
5378:
5367:
5363:
5338:
5274:24 September 2015 at the
5154:. The Estonia Institute.
4028:10.1007/s00265-003-0642-z
3973:10.1007/s10336-018-1555-y
3862:10.1093/biolinnean/bly012
3727:10.1080/00063650309461322
3710:: a stable isotope study"
3451:10.2478/v10183-011-0021-9
3232:ffrench, Richard (1991).
3024:10.1007/s00265-007-0366-6
2623:Formenti, Giulio (2018).
2538:American Museum Novitates
2343:Oxford English Dictionary
2292:. Harper & Brothers.
2184:. London: HarperCollins.
1935:10.1186/s40657-014-0008-4
1883:: e.T22712252A137668645.
1570:
1551:greater false vampire bat
1302:, despite being socially
1081:distant areas as Hawaii,
926:Robert Christopher Tytler
865:Marie Jules CĂ©sar Savigny
593:Oxford English Dictionary
282:
275:
243:
234:
224:
219:
198:
191:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
7345:Hirundo rustica savignii
6443:Bird-and-flower painting
5970:Black-and-rufous swallow
5224:Internet Bird Collection
4854:. UK. 16 November 2006.
4430:"Juvenile Barn Swallows
3689:Waugh, David R. (1978).
2211:Hilty, Steven L (2003).
1643:Relationship with humans
1622:an international airport
1410:Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
883:Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
7515:Birds described in 1758
6129:Streak-throated swallow
6064:Greater striped swallow
5434:subfamily: Hirundininae
5410:White-eyed river martin
4806:Journal of Fish Biology
4548:Journal of Parasitology
3538:10.1242/jeb.204.15.2741
3483:10.1242/jeb.205.16.2461
3300:Burton, Robert (1985).
2824:Hirundo rustica rustica
2627:Hirundo rustica rustica
2348:Oxford University Press
1979:. Spain: Lynx Edicions.
1561:. In Africa, tigerfish
1482:Parasites and predators
1256:Juvenile bird in Sussex
1212:and the North American
1202:
1093:, and even Antarctica.
963:in Washington State, US
838:on 16 December 1863 by
6798:BirdLife International
6738:John Gerrard Keulemans
6690:of the Tower of London
6551:In theatre and ballet
6360:Driven grouse shooting
6154:Preuss's cliff swallow
6144:American cliff swallow
6074:Rufous-chested swallow
6069:Lesser striped swallow
5960:Pearl-breasted swallow
5930:White-throated swallow
5840:Black-collared swallow
5835:Blue-and-white swallow
5485:Square-tailed saw-wing
4767:Ornithological Science
4491:10.1093/beheco/14.1.16
4340:10.1006/anbe.1998.0938
4115:10.1006/anbe.1999.1249
3961:Journal of Ornithology
3913:10.1006/anbe.1996.0304
3771:10.1098/rspb.2003.2565
3626:Journal of Ornithology
2967:10.1098/rspb.2005.3414
2853:Sibley, David (2000).
2729:NNM Technical Bulletin
1798:It is depicted as the
1658:
1580:
1513:Machaerilaemus malleus
1495:
1494:lice on a tail feather
1365:The barn swallow will
1265:
1257:
1249:
1238:
1106:
1029:
1014:
964:
742:
727:
639:
630:
394:
380: Year-round range
7289:Paleobiology Database
6159:Red Sea cliff swallow
6044:Siberian house martin
5815:White-thighed swallow
5775:Brown-bellied swallow
5495:White-headed saw-wing
4971:10.1089/vbz.2007.0233
4935:26 April 2021 at the
4930:Text Book IV line 307
4898:"Book 1, chapter 6".
4638:10.1007/s002650050581
4205:10.1007/s002650050395
3438:Polish Polar Research
3176:. Cape Town: Struik.
2723:Dekker, René (2003).
1949:Kaufman, Ken (2017).
1767:Further information:
1654:Nederlandsche Vogelen
1650:
1578:
1489:
1263:
1255:
1244:
1236:
1104:
1027:
1009:
959:
920:, first described by
740:
718:
684:on the Swedish term.
660:Song recorded at the
638:
612:
524:species and from the
370:
289:(Boddaert, 1783)
286:Hirundo erythrogaster
7087:Fauna Europaea (new)
6716:The Birds of America
6502:Ode to a Nightingale
6192:White-backed swallow
6094:West African swallow
5992:Eurasian crag martin
5955:White-tailed swallow
5883:Tawny-headed swallow
5810:Black-capped swallow
5805:White-banded swallow
5755:Brown-chested martin
5735:Grey-breasted martin
5695:White-rumped swallow
5690:White-winged swallow
5665:Violet-green swallow
5541:White-backed swallow
5405:African river martin
5219:"Barn swallow media"
5001:Nims, John Frederick
4953:) test negative for
4726:Sugathan, R (1988).
4291:10.1093/beheco/1.1.1
3675:Animal Diversity Web
3155:Animal Diversity Web
2762:Rasmussen, Pamela C.
2677:"Vertebrate Zoology"
2517:bretet in Sikkim?".
2416:Dickinson, Edward C.
1464:Older chicks in nest
1393:in Eurasia is rare.
1389:in North America or
1214:H. r. erythrogaster.
1145:, especially flying
844:Henry Baker Tristram
840:Henry Baker Tristram
628:, the barn-swallow.
579:word for "swallow";
567:, characterised as "
6753:Roger Tory Peterson
6029:Common house martin
5950:Pied-winged swallow
5940:Wire-tailed swallow
5910:Red-chested swallow
5780:Pale-footed swallow
5523:Grey-rumped swallow
5132:on 15 November 2007
5096:Cooper, JC (1992).
4818:2014JFBio..84..263O
4796:Hydrocynus vittatus
4671:) in barn swallow (
4630:1999BEcoS..45..430K
4244:1985BEcoS..17..401M
4020:2003BEcoS..54..465S
3765:(1546): 1355â1362.
3638:2024JOrni.165..551T
3434:) in the Antarctic"
3362:on 31 October 2008.
3308:. London: Granada.
3258:George, PV (1965).
3016:2007BEcoS..61.1359S
2961:(1591): 1245â1251.
2346:(Online ed.).
1727:poem. In his poem "
1720:Pervigilium Veneris
1626:2010 FIFA World Cup
1564:Hydrocynus vittatus
1061:Trinidad and Tobago
975:H. r. erythrogaster
961:H. r. erythrogaster
940:H. r. erythrogaster
912:H. r. erythrogaster
802:Indian subcontinent
693:red-chested swallow
538:red-chested swallow
63:Conservation status
7530:Cosmopolitan birds
6768:Archibald Thorburn
6711:John James Audubon
6084:Red-rumped swallow
6039:Nepal house martin
6034:Asian house martin
4478:Behavioral Ecology
4387:Ornis Scandinavica
4381:and house martins
4279:Behavioral Ecology
4252:10.1007/BF00293220
3822:on 3 December 2007
2560:"European Swallow
2318:(Princeton 2006),
2213:Birds of Venezuela
2182:Collins Bird Guide
1711:Nicomachean Ethics
1659:
1581:
1530:Brueelia domestica
1496:
1476:Juvenile being fed
1325:relationship with
1266:
1258:
1250:
1239:
1107:
1105:Chicks in the nest
1046:red-rumped swallow
1030:
1015:
973:are also found in
965:
792:, and east to the
743:
728:
640:
596:dates the English
401:is 17â19 cm (
395:
392: Winter range
386: Summer range
270: Non-breeding
7472:
7471:
7457:Open Tree of Life
7276:Open Tree of Life
6853:Taxon identifiers
6844:
6843:
6779:Conservationists
6748:Richard Lewington
6538:The Ugly Duckling
6355:Cormorant fishing
6282:Bird conservation
6208:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6089:Sri Lanka swallow
6002:Dusky crag martin
5935:Ethiopian swallow
5608:Congo sand martin
5490:Mountain saw-wing
5467:
5466:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5389:
5388:
5107:978-1-85538-118-6
5082:978-0-7011-6907-7
5018:978-0-06-044846-2
4909:978-0-87975-378-8
4826:10.1111/jfb.12278
4779:10.2326/osj.5.211
4669:Oeciacus vicarius
4560:10.1645/GE-1542.1
4451:10.1111/ibi.12492
4165:978-1-4081-2821-3
4065:978-0-19-854028-1
3594:978-1-4081-2821-3
3532:(15): 2741â2750.
3477:(16): 2461â2467.
3414:978-0-7136-6514-7
3405:T & AD Poyser
3384:978-974-85673-6-5
3315:978-0-246-12440-1
3243:978-0-8014-9792-6
3183:978-1-86872-721-6
3077:(11): 1533â1539.
2889:978-0-8014-2287-4
2864:978-1-873403-98-3
2781:978-84-87334-67-2
2392:978-0-905418-96-4
2354:(Subscription or
2324:978-0-691-12827-6
2299:978-0-19-910204-4
2267:Linnaeus, Carolus
2251:978-1-873403-32-7
2222:978-0-7136-6418-8
2191:978-0-00-219728-1
2114:978-0-395-51174-9
2043:978-0-19-854099-1
1747:, and her sister
1539:Oeciacus vicarius
1490:Feeding trace of
1248:fledgling begging
1025:
994:Habitat and range
810:was described by
759:Benedykt Dybowski
738:
655:
296:
295:
86:
16:(Redirected from
7537:
7465:
7464:
7452:
7451:
7439:
7438:
7426:
7425:
7413:
7412:
7400:
7399:
7387:
7386:
7374:
7373:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7336:
7335:
7323:
7322:
7310:
7309:
7297:
7296:
7284:
7283:
7271:
7270:
7258:
7257:
7245:
7244:
7232:
7231:
7219:
7218:
7216:NHMSYS0000530406
7206:
7205:
7193:
7192:
7180:
7179:
7167:
7166:
7154:
7153:
7141:
7140:
7128:
7127:
7118:
7117:
7105:
7104:
7095:
7094:
7082:
7081:
7069:
7068:
7056:
7055:
7043:
7042:
7030:
7029:
7017:
7016:
7004:
7003:
6991:
6990:
6981:
6980:
6968:
6967:
6955:
6954:
6945:
6944:
6942:58C502EA7AF3E023
6932:
6931:
6919:
6918:
6906:
6905:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6848:
6847:
6384:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6212:
6211:
6104:Striated swallow
6099:Striated swallow
6007:Pale crag martin
5740:GalĂĄpagos martin
5725:Caribbean martin
5685:Mangrove swallow
5561:Mascarene martin
5454:
5453:
5443:
5442:
5428:
5427:
5376:
5375:
5365:
5364:
5340:
5339:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5297:
5296:
5228:
5193:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5073:Birds Britannica
5068:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5048:
5037:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5010:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4946:
4940:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4895:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4554:(6): 1438â1440.
4545:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4501:on 11 July 2011.
4500:
4494:. Archived from
4493:
4475:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4334:(6): 1435â1442.
4328:Animal Behaviour
4323:
4317:
4316:
4304:
4295:
4294:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4155:The Barn Swallow
4149:
4143:
4142:
4109:(6): 1201â1205.
4103:Animal Behaviour
4098:
4092:
4091:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4051:
4040:
4039:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3901:Animal Behaviour
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3841:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3818:. Archived from
3807:
3801:
3800:
3790:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3584:The Barn Swallow
3578:
3572:
3571:
3549:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3334:"A Barn Swallow
3329:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3221:on 25 June 2008.
3220:
3209:
3200:
3189:
3187:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3142:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3010:(9): 1359â1368.
2995:
2989:
2988:
2978:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2914:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2766:John C. Anderton
2758:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2412:
2397:
2396:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2208:
2197:
2195:
2177:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2140:Animal Behaviour
2131:
2120:
2118:
2106:
2096:
2049:
2047:
2029:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1913:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1862:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1769:Birds in culture
1735:quoted the line
1555:peregrine falcon
1519:Myrsidea rustica
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1426:Delichon urbicum
1383:Brood parasitism
1352:
1351:
1347:
1343: in Ă
1342:
1341:
1337:
1271:H. r. gutturalis
1091:Falkland Islands
1087:Tristan da Cunha
1050:Cecropis daurica
1026:
902:is a vagrant to
900:H. r. gutturalis
879:H. r. gutturalis
808:H. r. transitiva
767:Erwin Stresemann
739:
721:Chelidon rustica
657:
656:
637:
558:10th edition of
501:include a sharp
476:
475:
471:
466:
465:
461:
456:
455:
451:
448:
442:
441:
437:
434:
428:
427:
423:
420:
414:
413:
409:
406:
391:
385:
379:
290:
269:
263:
257:
251:
239:
204:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
44:
32:
31:
21:
7545:
7544:
7540:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7500:Holarctic birds
7475:
7474:
7473:
7468:
7460:
7455:
7447:
7442:
7434:
7429:
7421:
7416:
7408:
7403:
7395:
7390:
7382:
7377:
7369:
7367:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7339:
7333:Hirundo-rustica
7331:
7326:
7318:
7313:
7305:
7300:
7292:
7287:
7279:
7274:
7266:
7261:
7253:
7250:Observation.org
7248:
7240:
7235:
7227:
7222:
7214:
7209:
7201:
7196:
7188:
7183:
7175:
7170:
7162:
7157:
7149:
7144:
7136:
7131:
7123:
7121:
7113:
7108:
7100:
7098:
7090:
7085:
7077:
7072:
7064:
7059:
7051:
7046:
7038:
7033:
7025:
7020:
7012:
7007:
6999:
6994:
6986:
6984:
6976:
6971:
6963:
6958:
6950:
6948:
6940:
6935:
6927:
6922:
6916:Hirundo_rustica
6914:
6909:
6903:
6898:
6891:Hirundo rustica
6889:
6888:
6883:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6861:Hirundo rustica
6855:
6845:
6840:
6814:
6696:
6658:
6428:
6385:
6376:
6248:
6239:
6209:
6196:
6178:
6108:
6048:
6022:(house martins)
6021:
6011:
5984:
5974:
5925:Welcome swallow
5920:Pacific swallow
5898:(barn swallows)
5897:
5887:
5869:
5844:
5819:
5789:
5759:
5750:Southern martin
5745:Peruvian martin
5704:
5700:Chilean swallow
5653:(tree swallows)
5652:
5642:
5622:
5595:
5585:
5581:Brazza's martin
5565:
5545:
5527:
5509:
5477:
5463:
5437:
5414:
5385:
5359:
5334:
5333:: Hirundinidae)
5324:
5276:Wayback Machine
5267:Hirundo rustica
5241:Hirundo rustica
5239:Barn swallow -
5217:
5206:Hirundo rustica
5200:
5182:Hirundo rustica
5176:
5174:Further reading
5171:
5161:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5135:
5133:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5094:
5090:
5083:
5069:
5062:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5019:
4998:
4994:
4951:Hirundo rustica
4947:
4943:
4937:Wayback Machine
4922:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4897:
4896:
4889:
4879:
4877:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4800:Hirundo rustica
4790:
4786:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4724:
4720:
4673:Hirundo rustica
4665:
4661:
4614:Hirundo rustica
4610:
4606:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4543:
4535:Hirundo rustica
4529:
4525:
4514:Hirundo rustica
4510:
4506:
4498:
4473:
4469:Hirundo rustica
4463:
4459:
4432:Hirundo rustica
4426:
4422:
4399:10.2307/3676002
4383:Delichon urbica
4379:Hirundo rustica
4375:
4371:
4324:
4320:
4305:
4298:
4275:Hirundo rustica
4271:
4267:
4228:Hirundo rustica
4224:
4220:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4099:
4095:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4052:
4043:
4004:Hirundo rustica
4000:
3996:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3842:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3808:
3804:
3753:Hirundo rustica
3747:
3743:
3708:Hirundo rustica
3702:
3698:
3687:
3683:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3595:
3579:
3575:
3520:Hirundo rustica
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3463:
3459:
3432:Hirundo rustica
3426:
3422:
3415:
3407:. p. 462.
3397:
3393:
3385:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3344:
3336:Hirundo rustica
3330:
3323:
3316:
3298:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3262:Hirundo rustica
3256:
3252:
3244:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3192:
3184:
3170:
3166:
3149:Hirundo rustica
3143:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3107:Hirundo rustica
3103:
3102:
3098:
3083:10.1139/z06-176
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
2996:
2992:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2912:
2908:Hirundo rustica
2902:
2898:
2890:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2851:
2847:
2820:
2816:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2759:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2721:
2717:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2574:on 2 April 2016
2568:SAFRING results
2562:Hirundo rustica
2558:
2557:
2553:
2534:
2530:
2515:Hirundo rustica
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2466:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2424:Linnaeus, 1758"
2422:Hirundo rustica
2413:
2400:
2393:
2370:
2363:
2353:
2333:
2329:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2284:
2280:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2209:
2200:
2192:
2178:
2169:
2132:
2123:
2115:
2097:
2052:
2044:
2030:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1995:www.audubon.org
1989:
1988:
1984:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1943:
1914:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1869:Hirundo rustica
1863:
1856:
1852:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1771:
1765:
1698:
1645:
1573:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1465:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1231:
1205:
1099:
1075:African hobbies
1017:
996:
991:
952:Lesser Antilles
944:Pieter Boddaert
881:, described by
867:. It resembles
852:, the resident
730:
713:
678:
677:
669:
667:
666:
665:
664:
658:
651:
648:
641:
635:
565:Hirundo rustica
560:Systema Naturae
550:
530:Hirundo neoxena
526:welcome swallow
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
458:
453:
449:
446:
444:
439:
435:
432:
430:
425:
421:
418:
416:
411:
407:
404:
402:
393:
389:
387:
383:
381:
377:
365:
305:Hirundo rustica
288:
271:
267:
265:
261:
259:
255:
253:
249:
215:
206:
202:Hirundo rustica
200:
187:
184:H. rustica
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7543:
7533:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7453:
7440:
7427:
7414:
7401:
7388:
7375:
7365:
7349:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7324:
7311:
7298:
7285:
7272:
7259:
7246:
7233:
7220:
7207:
7194:
7181:
7168:
7155:
7142:
7129:
7119:
7106:
7096:
7083:
7074:Fauna Europaea
7070:
7057:
7044:
7031:
7018:
7005:
6992:
6982:
6969:
6956:
6946:
6933:
6920:
6907:
6896:
6881:
6865:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6794:Organisations
6792:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6649:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6621:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6602:Animated films
6599:
6592:
6585:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6540:
6535:
6528:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6475:Gallic rooster
6472:
6467:
6462:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6448:Feather tights
6445:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6320:Model organism
6314:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6272:
6262:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6238:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6215:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6124:Forest swallow
6120:
6118:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6079:Mosque swallow
6076:
6071:
6066:
6060:
6058:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5985:(crag martins)
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5915:Angola swallow
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5851:Stelgidopteryx
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5785:Andean swallow
5782:
5777:
5771:
5769:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5730:Sinaloa martin
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5680:Tumbes swallow
5677:
5675:Bahama swallow
5672:
5670:Golden swallow
5667:
5662:
5656:
5654:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5596:(sand martins)
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5557:
5555:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5537:
5535:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5505:Fanti saw-wing
5502:
5500:Black saw-wing
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5479:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5451:
5439:
5438:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5396:Pseudochelidon
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5373:
5361:
5360:
5355:Pseudochelidon
5336:
5335:
5323:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5284:
5278:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5236:
5229:
5215:
5209:
5199:
5198:External links
5196:
5195:
5194:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5143:
5113:
5106:
5088:
5081:
5060:
5024:
5017:
4992:
4965:(4): 451â454.
4941:
4915:
4908:
4887:
4861:
4839:
4812:(1): 263â266.
4784:
4773:(2): 211â216.
4757:
4742:(2): 428â429.
4718:
4683:(2): 280â284.
4677:J. Vector Ecol
4659:
4624:(6): 430â436.
4604:
4523:
4504:
4457:
4444:(4): 892â901.
4420:
4369:
4318:
4296:
4265:
4238:(4): 401â408.
4218:
4199:(5): 353â360.
4183:
4164:
4144:
4093:
4071:
4064:
4041:
4014:(5): 465â471.
3994:
3967:(3): 675â685.
3946:
3907:(4): 687â700.
3887:
3856:(4): 825â849.
3833:
3802:
3741:
3720:(3): 294â299.
3696:
3681:
3661:
3632:(2): 551â555.
3612:
3593:
3573:
3508:
3457:
3444:(4): 355â360.
3420:
3413:
3391:
3383:
3365:
3321:
3314:
3304:Bird behaviour
3289:
3250:
3242:
3224:
3190:
3182:
3164:
3126:
3096:
3057:
2990:
2941:
2919:(in Spanish).
2896:
2888:
2870:
2863:
2857:. Pica Press.
2845:
2814:
2803:(2): 413â415.
2787:
2780:
2750:
2715:
2698:
2668:
2615:
2585:
2551:
2540:(1529): 1â47.
2528:
2505:
2457:
2398:
2391:
2373:White, Gilbert
2361:
2327:
2305:
2298:
2278:
2258:
2250:
2229:
2221:
2198:
2190:
2167:
2121:
2113:
2050:
2042:
2007:
1982:
1967:
1941:
1922:Avian Research
1903:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1823:
1820:
1816:ornithologists
1784:swallow tattoo
1764:
1761:
1729:The Waste Land
1697:
1694:
1644:
1641:
1632:Climate change
1606:house sparrows
1572:
1569:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1432:
1230:
1227:
1204:
1201:
1098:
1095:
1040:. However, in
1028:In slow motion
995:
992:
990:
987:
967:
966:
937:
915:
876:
858:James Stephens
850:H. r. savignii
847:
805:
751:Robert Ridgway
712:
709:
687:There are few
668:
659:
649:
644:
643:
642:
633:
632:
631:
549:
546:
542:Hirundo lucida
388:
382:
376:
364:
361:
294:
293:
292:
291:
280:
279:
273:
272:
266:
260:
258: Resident
254:
252: Breeding
248:
241:
240:
232:
231:
222:
221:
217:
216:
207:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
88:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7542:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7463:
7458:
7454:
7450:
7445:
7441:
7437:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7406:
7402:
7398:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7366:
7361:
7355:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7334:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7173:
7169:
7165:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7120:
7116:
7111:
7107:
7103:
7099:Featherbase:
7097:
7093:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6983:
6979:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6943:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6912:
6908:
6901:
6897:
6892:
6886:
6882:
6877:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6849:
6837:
6836:Zoomusicology
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6723:Thomas Bewick
6721:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6707:Illustrators
6706:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6653:
6652:Chicken dance
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6637:Feather cloak
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6607:Chicken films
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6431:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6383:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6365:Plume hunting
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6305:Pigeon racing
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6236:
6231:
6229:
6224:
6222:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6115:Petrochelidon
6111:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5875:Alopochelidon
5872:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5720:Purple martin
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5638:Banded martin
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5474:Psalidoprocne
5470:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5435:
5429:
5425:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5384:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5350:
5346:
5345:River martins
5341:
5337:
5332:
5328:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5309:
5307:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5109:
5103:
5099:
5092:
5084:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5065:
5045:
5041:
5034:
5028:
5020:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4919:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4892:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4731:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4527:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4301:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4085:
4084:British Birds
4078:
4076:
4067:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3838:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3700:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3341:
3340:Falco cuvieri
3337:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3294:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2521:(in German).
2520:
2516:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2116:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:Gilbert White
1770:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1696:In literature
1693:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:IUCN Red List
1587:
1586:least concern
1577:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1559:African hobby
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1544:cliff swallow
1541:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:feather holes
1501:
1493:
1488:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:cliff swallow
1403:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1262:
1254:
1247:
1246:H. r. rustica
1243:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:H. r. tytleri
1215:
1211:
1210:H. r. rustica
1200:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1085:, Greenland,
1084:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1012:
1011:H. r. rustica
1008:
1004:
1000:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:H. r. tytleri
962:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:Thomas Jerdon
919:
918:H. r. tytleri
916:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:H. r. tytleri
889:
884:
880:
877:
874:
870:
866:
863:
859:
855:
851:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:Ernst Hartert
809:
806:
803:
799:
795:
794:Yenisei River
791:
787:
786:Arctic Circle
783:
782:H. r. rustica
780:
779:
778:
776:
775:Wilhelm Meise
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
725:
722:
717:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
676:
674:
663:
647:
629:
627:
623:
619:
618:
611:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
594:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
555:
554:Carl Linnaeus
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
511:birds of prey
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
480:
400:
399:H. r. rustica
374:
369:
360:
358:
354:
350:
349:national bird
345:
340:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:
301:
287:
284:
283:
281:
278:
274:
264: Passage
247:
242:
238:
233:
230:
229:
223:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
197:
194:
193:Binomial name
190:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:Passeriformes
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:Barn swallow
33:
30:
19:
7344:
7268:barn-swallow
7125:barn-swallow
6860:
6783:Niels Krabbe
6733:Lars Jonsson
6714:
6670:Golden eagle
6612:Horror films
6596:The Big Year
6594:
6587:
6580:
6570:The Firebird
6568:
6561:
6554:
6542:
6530:
6523:
6511:
6507:To a Skylark
6494:
6295:Cockfighting
6265:Birdwatching
6183:
6169:Cave swallow
6134:Fairy martin
6113:
6053:
6016:
5981:Ptyonoprogne
5979:
5965:Blue swallow
5905:Barn swallow
5904:
5892:
5874:
5849:
5826:Pygochelidon
5824:
5794:
5764:
5709:
5660:Tree swallow
5647:
5627:
5590:
5570:
5550:
5532:
5515:Pseudhirundo
5514:
5472:
5458:
5446:
5433:
5394:
5380:
5368:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5266:
5240:
5222:
5205:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5160:. Retrieved
5146:
5134:. Retrieved
5130:the original
5125:
5116:
5097:
5091:
5072:
5051:. Retrieved
5039:
5027:
5006:
4995:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4927:The Georgics
4926:
4918:
4899:
4878:. Retrieved
4864:
4852:The Guardian
4851:
4842:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4795:
4787:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4748:. Retrieved
4739:
4735:
4729:
4721:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4607:
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1836:Birds portal
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1151:Grasshoppers
1139:sand martins
1119:
1111:insectivores
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1038:house martin
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336:
334:
326:Hirundinidae
321:
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303:
300:barn swallow
299:
297:
285:
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225:
201:
199:
183:
182:
170:
160:Hirundinidae
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7418:iNaturalist
7237:Neotropical
7198:NatureServe
7146:iNaturalist
6885:Wikispecies
6788:Peter Scott
6773:Joseph Wolf
6763:Joseph Smit
6743:Edward Lear
6680:Pigeon/Dove
6647:Cendrawasih
6632:Feather boa
6623:In fashion
6455:In heraldry
6433:In the arts
6370:Wildfowling
6351:In hunting
6340:Sacred ibis
6325:Ornithology
6316:In science
6310:Vinkensport
6139:Tree martin
5997:Rock martin
5766:Orochelidon
5649:Tachycineta
5618:Pale martin
5613:Sand martin
5572:Phedinopsis
5478:(saw-wings)
5291:iNaturalist
5162:27 November
5136:27 November
4880:27 November
4750:23 December
4597:3 September
4309:Wilson Bull
3282:23 December
2934:28 December
2743:24 November
2633:GigaScience
2525:(3): 88â89.
2498:17 November
2482:: 127â144.
2450:24 November
2434:: 201â203.
1896:12 November
1792:insectivore
1745:nightingale
1733:T. S. Eliot
1402:hybridising
1316:Colony size
1297:genetically
1159:dragonflies
1143:Hymenoptera
1123:white stork
697:Congo Basin
602:collocation
598:common name
534:Australasia
507:flitt-flitt
499:alarm calls
495:splee-plink
493:and a loud
363:Description
220:Subspecies
7479:Categories
7328:Xeno-canto
6728:John Gould
6491:In poetry
6465:Crow/Raven
6345:Sky burial
6260:Aviculture
6253:Activities
6184:Cheramoeca
5629:Neophedina
5533:Cheramoeca
5186:Ir. Nat. J
5053:1 December
4955:Salmonella
4923:(in Latin)
4802:in flight"
4541:spp. lice"
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3826:1 December
3714:Bird Study
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3119:6 December
2834:(3): 539.
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2608:1 December
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2578:1 December
2358:required.)
2048:p1061â1064
1850:References
1763:In culture
1689:Salmonella
1679:(29 BC), "
1508:avian lice
1500:passerines
1412:) and the
1371:accipiters
1355:incubation
1304:monogamous
1300:polygamous
1293:copulation
908:Washington
896:Amur River
888:New Guinea
869:transitiva
800:, and the
741:Video clip
724:transitiva
711:Subspecies
673:media help
318:Anglophone
314:passerines
246:H. rustica
7360:Q27624529
6643:In dance
6582:The Birds
6563:Swan Lake
6556:The Birds
6520:In prose
6460:Avalerion
6291:In sport
6287:Fletching
6270:Bird hide
6242:Human use
4979:1530-3667
4697:1081-1710
4646:0340-5443
4568:0022-3395
4407:0030-5693
4348:0003-3472
4123:0003-3472
3981:2193-7192
3921:0003-3472
3870:0024-4066
3779:0962-8452
3656:2193-7192
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3091:0008-4301
3032:0340-5443
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2488:0024-1652
2440:0024-1652
2162:221472750
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1741:Philomela
1723:, a late
1706:Aristotle
1667:Old World
1404:with the
1359:altricial
1323:mutualist
1308:cuckolded
1278:bird lice
1208:European
1065:sugarcane
1013:juveniles
989:Behaviour
862:zoologist
836:Palestine
822:Hartert (
761:in 1883,
753:in 1883,
689:taxonomic
626:ladusvala
513:like the
491:witt-witt
244:Range of
178:Species:
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
7495:Swallows
7354:Wikidata
7203:2.104225
7190:22712252
7164:11035556
6965:22712252
6960:BirdLife
6949:BioLib:
6870:Wikidata
6627:Aigrette
6619:In music
6577:In film
6391:Products
6300:Falconry
6275:Big year
6055:Cecropis
6018:Delichon
5796:Atticora
5327:Swallows
5272:Archived
5192:: 44â46.
5156:Archived
5044:Archived
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4933:Archived
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4705:18260518
4654:22196756
4588:Archived
4576:18576840
4539:Brueelia
4364:12957069
4260:24056440
4213:33591800
4170:Archived
4139:24583746
4131:10600140
4036:35334066
3989:19235964
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3547:1893/306
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2985:16720398
2925:Archived
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2602:Archived
2492:Archived
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2119:p164â169
2000:13 March
1960:12 March
1822:See also
1812:heraldry
1804:merlette
1676:Georgics
1624:for the
1557:and the
1525:Brueelia
1510:such as
1492:Brueelia
1418:P. fulva
1387:cowbirds
1282:parasite
1229:Breeding
1196:en masse
1155:crickets
1034:Caucasus
873:savignii
854:Egyptian
816:holotype
747:saturata
701:Ethiopia
581:rusticus
548:Taxonomy
277:Synonyms
209:Linnaeus
156:Family:
130:Chordata
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
7490:Hirundo
7410:5846401
7397:barswa6
7371:barswa6
7281:1040135
7115:9515886
7102:rustica
7001:bob9920
6937:Avibase
6819:Related
6675:Penguin
6663:Species
6480:Martlet
6439:In art
6424:Poultry
6414:Feather
6399:Chicken
5894:Hirundo
5592:Riparia
5552:Phedina
5460:Species
5382:Species
5353:genus:
5351:·
5126:Estonia
4814:Bibcode
4626:Bibcode
4584:6713948
4415:3676002
4356:9933540
4240:Bibcode
4176:14 July
4016:Bibcode
3939:10 June
3880:10 June
3788:1691733
3634:Bibcode
3605:14 July
3050:10 June
3012:Bibcode
2976:1560278
2917:Cotinga
2654:6324554
1955:Audubon
1800:martlet
1753:swallow
1751:into a
1702:proverb
1665:In the
1611:Alberta
1391:cuckoos
1375:falcons
1348:⁄
1338:⁄
1327:ospreys
1186:Denmark
1181:Isotope
1163:beetles
1097:Feeding
1083:Bermuda
1057:savanna
930:Siberia
894:in the
763:ambigua
585:Hirundo
575:is the
573:Hirundo
522:Hirundo
503:siflitt
472:⁄
462:⁄
452:⁄
438:⁄
424:⁄
410:⁄
357:Estonia
353:Austria
322:swallow
310:swallow
226:6, see
171:Hirundo
166:Genus:
146:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
55:Germany
51:Tönning
7462:795239
7449:768644
7436:924877
7423:567718
7320:212750
7294:368986
7242:barswa
7177:178448
7122:GNAB:
7061:EURING
7040:HIRURU
7027:barswa
6988:barswa
6904:barswa
6876:Q25429
6701:People
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1618:Durban
1571:Status
1377:, and
1221:song.
1131:aphids
1115:swifts
1089:, the
1042:Honshƫ
983:Baikal
977:, and
948:Alaska
934:Bengal
904:Alaska
798:Arabia
790:Sikkim
705:flight
699:, and
682:calque
622:Sweden
479:rufous
390:
384:
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330:martin
268:
262:
256:
250:
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7368:BOW:
7315:WoRMS
7229:43150
7159:IRMNG
7151:11901
7079:97287
7048:EUNIS
7022:eBird
7014:3M4S7
6985:BOW:
6685:Raven
6485:Turul
6470:Eagle
6419:Guano
6246:birds
5448:Genus
5370:Genus
5047:(PDF)
5036:(PDF)
4709:S2CID
4650:S2CID
4591:(PDF)
4580:S2CID
4544:(PDF)
4499:(PDF)
4474:(PDF)
4411:JSTOR
4360:S2CID
4256:S2CID
4209:S2CID
4135:S2CID
4032:S2CID
3985:S2CID
3925:S2CID
3732:S2CID
3360:(PDF)
3349:Ardea
3345:(PDF)
3219:(PDF)
3208:(PDF)
3036:S2CID
2928:(PDF)
2913:(PDF)
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2352:
2158:S2CID
1725:Latin
1620:into
1594:CITES
1167:moths
1135:house
1127:flies
1070:roost
577:Latin
515:hobby
373:eBird
7444:NCBI
7431:ITIS
7405:GBIF
7307:8297
7263:ODNR
7224:NCBI
7185:IUCN
7172:ITIS
7110:GBIF
7066:9920
7053:1083
7035:EPPO
6978:9642
6973:BOLD
6952:8834
6513:Crow
6404:Down
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5164:2007
5138:2007
5102:ISBN
5077:ISBN
5055:2007
5013:ISBN
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4882:2007
4830:PMID
4752:2017
4701:PMID
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4599:2009
4572:PMID
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4438:Ibis
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3917:ISSN
3882:2021
3866:ISSN
3828:2007
3793:PMID
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3607:2017
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3560:PMID
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3503:2009
3487:PMID
3409:ISBN
3389:p234
3379:ISBN
3310:ISBN
3284:2017
3238:ISBN
3188:p294
3178:ISBN
3121:2007
3087:ISSN
3052:2021
3028:ISSN
2981:PMID
2936:2020
2894:p343
2884:ISBN
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2828:Ibis
2797:Ibis
2776:ISBN
2745:2007
2693:2021
2659:PMID
2610:2007
2580:2007
2500:2007
2484:ISSN
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2436:ISSN
2387:ISBN
2320:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2256:p279
2246:ISBN
2227:p691
2217:ISBN
2196:p242
2186:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2038:ISBN
2002:2024
1962:2024
1898:2021
1881:2019
1532:and
1516:and
1379:owls
1203:Song
1165:and
1147:ants
906:and
769:and
590:The
509:for
487:witt
355:and
344:nest
298:The
228:text
213:1758
140:Aves
7379:CoL
7302:TSA
7211:NBN
7133:IBC
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6900:ABA
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