218:
Barasanans participate in exogamous marriages, which promote multilingualism of the people in the region. This also serves as an explanation for similarities between different dialects in the region. Barasana and Eduria are often considered separate languages by the individuals of these groups, who are allowed to intermarry. However, the languages' similarities are up to 98%; the other 2% accounts for minor differences in phonology.
254:
286:
It has 23 phonemes, consisting of 11 consonants and twelve vowels. A phonological word in
Barasano can consist of anywhere from one to nine syllables. Another important aspect of the language is stress and pitch. Many words in the language can be considered either high or low pitch. The Barasano
221:
Many grammatical characteristics of
Barasana distinguish it from various other groups in the language family. Out of the Eastern Tucanoan languages, Barasana is the only one to maintain a three-way distinction between spatial and temporal distances. It also differs in many other aspects, such as
217:
The different dialects within this language group utilize their individual varieties as barriers to distinguish themselves through their own identity. Marriages between two people who speak the same language are taboo, as it is seen as akin to marrying their own brothers and sisters. Instead,
183:
270:. The Vaupés river can be seen in the map. According to a 1993 census, there are approximately 1,900 speakers, which classifies this language as endangered. It is vigorously used in standard form, but is not widespread throughout the region.
246:, also Eastern Tucanoan languages spoken in Colombia. Barasana and Eduria are considered separate languages by their native speakers, who can intermarry due to cultural differences regardless of the language similarities. It is also
1658:
278:
The
Barasana dialect is also known as Southern Barasano, Come Masa, Comematsa, Janera, Paneroa, Yebamasa; Eduria is also known as Edulia, Taibano, Taiwaeno, Taiwano.
210:
people. The population of its native speakers is about 1,990 according to a census taken in 1993. Native speakers' tribes are spread out along the
1137:
1673:
875:
257:
Map displaying the local region in which the native speakers of
Barasana can be located. More specifically, along the Vaupés River Basin.
230:
Barasana is an aboriginal
Amerindian language spoke in the Vaupés region of Colombia in the Amazon Basin. The language belongs to the
524:
1606:
1130:
506:
564:
Barasano has interrogative and imperative markers that take the place of evidential endings found at the end of a verb.
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702:
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2008). "Multilingual
Imperatives: The Elaboration of a Category in Northwest Amazonia".
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1653:
1123:
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Native speakers' tribes are located in
Colombia, specifically in the regions of the Vaupés River Basin and the
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341:
Barasano has six vowels: /a, e, i, ɨ, o, u/, with nasal counterparts as /ã, ẽ, ĩ, ɨ̃, õ, ũ/.
452:
1407:
267:
211:
8:
1389:
1217:
247:
1495:
1028:
899:
818:
745:
Piggott, G. L. (1992-01-01). "Variability in
Feature Dependency: The Case of Nasality".
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language family, specifically the
Eastern branch. Most closely related to Barasana are
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990:
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823:. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington.
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202:. It belongs to the Eastern branch of the Tucanoan family and is spoken in the
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642:
287:
language expresses this importance by way of the phonemics on the word level.
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547:/p/ occurs in loanwords from Spanish and other indigenous languages.
715:
207:
203:
199:
49:
381:
253:
235:
182:
222:
nasality, phoneme inventories, and imperative morphology.
820:
Barasano Syntax: Studies in the languages of
Colombia
214:
in Colombia and the banks of the Vaupés River Basin.
1659:
Indigenous languages of the South American Northwest
835:"SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories"
1645:
1131:
869:
704:International Journal of American Linguistics
817:Jones, Paula; Jones, Wendell (1991-01-01).
1138:
1124:
876:
862:
816:
701:
261:
181:
1145:
747:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
252:
23:, an Eastern-Central Tucanoan language..
744:
1646:
883:
1119:
857:
697:
695:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
273:
812:
810:
808:
559:
16:Tucanoan language spoken in Colombia
13:
692:
657:
636:
14:
1685:
805:
789:"Glottolog 3.0 - Barasana-Eduria"
523:
505:
498:
480:
469:
451:
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430:
412:
405:
398:
391:
225:
1633:Providence Island Sign Language
827:
781:
738:
541:
250:classified as an OVS language.
1:
1674:Object–verb–subject languages
630:
567:
344:
281:
122:Barasana (Southern Barasano)
7:
331:/oha/ --> to enter woods
290:
10:
1690:
554:
18:
1620:
1589:
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1388:
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1302:
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72:(1,900 cited 1993 census)
66:
55:
45:
38:
33:
28:
839:linguistics.berkeley.edu
19:Not to be confused with
1628:Colombian Sign Language
653:(subscription required)
262:Geographic distribution
1607:San Andrés–Providencia
258:
1654:Languages of Colombia
1147:Languages of Colombia
256:
312:/rase/ --> Toucan
40:Jãnerã - Eduria Oca
1664:Tucanoan languages
1154:Official languages
885:Tucanoan languages
759:10.1007/bf00135358
620:gãmõrõ --> ears
596:sʉri --> yellow
308:/kahi/ --> Coca
274:Dialects/Varieties
259:
1641:
1640:
1585:
1584:
1113:
1112:
1107:extinct languages
1078:
1077:
676:"Barasana-Eduria"
651:(18th ed., 2015)
625:rise --> mouth
615:kahea --> eyes
586:boti --> white
560:Mood and modality
537:
536:
426:
388:
326:/wa/ --> to go
304:/ta/ --> Grass
268:Pira Paraná River
212:Pira Paraná River
196:Tucanoan language
189:
188:
1681:
1481:Tanimuca-Retuarã
1176:
1175:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1117:
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958:Tanimuca-Retuarã
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581:ñĩĩ --> black
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416:
409:
402:
395:
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125:Taiwano (Eduria)
92:Eastern Tucanoan
82:
26:
25:
1689:
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1683:
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1680:
1679:
1678:
1669:Tonal languages
1644:
1643:
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1637:
1616:
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1426:Barasana-Eduria
1412:
1384:
1380:Northern Embera
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1212:
1171:
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986:Barasana-Eduria
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610:hoa --> hair
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98:Barasana–Macuna
83:
80:Language family
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68:Native speakers
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1621:Sign languages
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724:10.1086/587704
716:10.1086/587704
710:(2): 189–225.
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591:sũã --> red
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206:region by the
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1289:Murui Huitoto
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822:
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811:
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794:
793:glottolog.org
790:
784:
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741:
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248:typologically
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27:
22:
1425:
1102:
1089:
1083:Unclassified
995:
985:
962:
922:
915:
898:
842:. Retrieved
838:
829:
819:
796:. Retrieved
792:
783:
753:(1): 33–77.
750:
746:
740:
707:
703:
683:. Retrieved
679:
646:
638:
624:
619:
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609:
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340:
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265:
229:
220:
216:
191:
190:
153:
101:
39:
1542:Inga Kichwa
1261:Bora–Witoto
603:Body parts:
490:Approximant
297:Consonants:
1648:Categories
1602:Palenquero
1170:Indigenous
844:2018-08-02
798:2017-03-30
685:2017-03-08
680:Ethnologue
648:Ethnologue
631:References
345:Consonants
1557:Nheengatu
1456:Macaguaje
1451:Koreguaje
1403:Guayabero
1390:Guajiboan
1218:Barbacoan
1172:languages
1105:indicate
917:Macaguaje
911:Koreguaje
775:170750814
463:Fricative
387:voiceless
282:Phonology
204:Amazonian
155:Glottolog
139:ISO 639-3
56:Ethnicity
1527:Carijona
1466:Pisamira
1431:Carapana
1418:Tucanoan
1408:Macaguán
1304:Chibchan
1241:Mwelyama
1231:Kokonuco
1193:Cabiyari
1180:Arawakan
1060:Carapana
1055:Pisamira
732:23636638
643:Barasano
568:Examples
360:Alveolar
355:Bilabial
291:Examples
232:Tucanoan
208:Barasana
200:Colombia
192:Barasana
175:Barasano
162:bara1380
117:Dialects
102:Barasano
88:Tucanoan
62:, Eduria
60:Barasana
50:Colombia
29:Barasano
1597:Llanero
1501:Wajiara
1496:Waimajã
1476:Siriano
1398:Guahibo
1375:Eperara
1352:Chocoan
1322:Chimila
1312:Arhuaco
1284:Muinane
1269:Andoque
1226:Awa Pit
1198:Piapoco
1161:Spanish
1103:Italics
1070:Wajiara
1029:Waimajã
1017:Central
1008:Siriano
944:Eastern
900:Cueretú
892:Western
767:4047766
574:Colors:
555:Grammar
382:Plosive
375:Glottal
365:Palatal
319:Vowels:
34:Taiwano
1612:Romani
1572:Ticuna
1552:Kichwa
1532:Cocama
1506:Wanano
1491:Tuyuca
1486:Tatuyo
1461:Macuna
1446:Desano
1294:Ocaina
1251:Totoró
1208:Yucuna
1188:Achawa
1091:Miriti
1065:Tuyuca
1050:Wanano
1034:Tatuyo
1024:Tucano
1003:Desano
981:Macuna
935:Secoya
906:Orejón
773:
765:
730:
722:
425:voiced
337:Vowels
244:Desano
242:, and
236:Macuna
1577:Yukpa
1562:Nukak
1547:Kakwa
1537:Cofán
1520:Other
1511:Yauna
1471:Siona
1441:Cuiba
1436:Cubeo
1370:Chami
1365:Catio
1360:Baudo
1246:Pasto
1236:Misak
1203:Wayuu
1043:North
997:Yupuá
991:Cubeo
964:Yauna
951:South
930:Siona
771:S2CID
763:JSTOR
728:S2CID
720:JSTOR
370:Velar
240:Kubeo
194:is a
95:South
1567:Páez
1342:Wiwa
1332:Kuna
1327:Kogi
1317:Barí
1274:Bora
974:West
924:Tama
517:Flap
21:Bará
1337:Uwa
755:doi
712:doi
645:at
198:of
170:ELP
146:bsn
1650::
837:.
807:^
791:.
769:.
761:.
751:10
749:.
726:.
718:.
708:74
706:.
694:^
678:.
659:^
238:,
1139:e
1132:t
1125:v
877:e
870:t
863:v
847:.
801:.
777:.
757::
734:.
714::
688:.
525:ɾ
507:w
500:j
482:h
471:s
453:g
446:ɟ
439:d
432:b
414:k
407:c
400:t
393:p
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