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helped to arrange the marriages of his brothers. Once the husband is free of his obligation to his brothers, his wife will apply pressure to achieve a separation from the joint household, which grants her a measure of independence, although she remains economically reliant upon her husband. The separating of the households leads to the husband receiving some property from his parents, such as land, livestock, and money, but as it is a patrilineal society, the wife has nothing.
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depended upon the terrain. For example, camels and donkeys were better suited to the highlands, which carts could not negotiate, whilst oxen were able to progress better through wet lowland areas. Their prowess in negotiating thick forests was particularly prized. They often travelled in groups for protection, this
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non-Banjara audiences to raise money for the celebration of festivals, but most of that money is then consumed by the men in the form of liquor. The one religious function in which the women are paramount is the preparations for marriage, a ceremony that usually takes place in the house of the bride's family.
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forcing them into economic distress from which they sought relief by turning to agriculture and other unskilled labour, according to V. Sarveswara Naik, as recently as 1996, many still retained a nomadic lifestyle on a seasonal basis to supplement their income. They also retained common traits among their
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and improved roads. Some tried to work the forests for wood and produce, some settled as farmers, and others turned to crime. Earlier than this, there had been
British people who considered them to be undesirable because of their role in passing messages and weapons to armies as they went about their
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Movement of goods around the country meant that the
Banjaras had to be, and were, trusted by merchants, moneylenders, and traders. Any disruption caused by the grazing of their livestock along the trade routes was tolerated, because the same beasts provided manure to fertilise the land. However, many
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generated tremendous diversity within the
Banjara society in terms of language, customs, beliefs and practices. It developed in them a rather casual, unorthodox, and open attitude towards religion, family, and women. Many of the practices which were prohibited in the mainstream orthodox Hindu society
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A Banjara wife is subservient to her husband and is expected to perform daily tasks for her parents-in-law. Whilst she and her husband live with her parents-in-law, she is also subservient to her mother-in-law. This period of co-habitation with the extended family usually lasts until the husband has
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writes that their constituent groups may not in fact share a common origin, with the theories that suggest otherwise reflecting the systemic bias of 19th-century
British ethnographers who were keen to create simple classifications. Laxman Satya states that "Their status as Banjaras was circumscribed
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usually comprised carriage of one specific product and thus were essentially a combined trade operation. They could be huge assemblies, some being recorded as comprising 190,000 beasts, and they also serviced the needs of armies, whose movements naturally followed the same trade and caravan routes.
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society, whilst at least one daughter is deemed desirable, because she can look after the parents in their old age if the son is too preoccupied in his marriage. Daughters also contribute greatly to the running of the family unit prior to their own marriage and are prized by their mothers for that
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Although the
Banjaras were traditionally a migratory people, each year, they historically settled in fixed-village accommodations during the monsoon months of June—August. Although the introduction of modern modes of transport largely made the community redundant from their traditional occupation,
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and by the 1830s had gained some notoriety for committing crimes such as roadside robbery, cattle lifting, and theft of grain or other property. The women took a leading role in such criminality, led by the headman of the gang, and if someone was convicted, then the other members of the gang would
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Banjara men take the lead in religious festivals, with women playing a subsidiary role. The men sing the devotional songs and perform the temple rituals, but it is the women who do most of the singing and dancing. Women are also expected to work with men when groups enact performances in front of
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and the girl's family. She is presented with a full set of traditional dress upon marriage, which is made by her mother. Women's dress varies according to marital status, as does their ornamentation. Although the ornamentation was once made of ivory and silver, reduced economic circumstances have
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Banjaras were historically pastoralists, traders, breeders, and transporters of goods in the inland regions of India, for which they used boats, carts, camels, oxen, donkeys, and sometimes the relatively scarce horse, hence controlling a large section of trade and economy. The mode of transport
415:. More generally, they also traded in cattle, moving the beasts around the country's bazaars, and they rented out their carts. Although some older sources have suggested that they did not use credit, Habib's analysis of historic sources suggests that they did and that some were reliant on it.
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take care of their families. Poor, mostly illiterate and unskilled, the
Banjaras were also resistant to improvement through education, which the British felt left no recourse other than tight control through policing. Their reputation for misdeeds persisted into the early twentieth century.
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who leads the family. Her speech is low and submissive in front of their men in the community. Women consider the men as wise because they have the ability to learn many things. It is the responsibility of men to learn many skills. The women have to follow the path as directed by their
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It is the boys' fathers who initiate marriage proposals, usually when the child reaches the age of 18 and is considered capable of running an independent household. Women and girls, including the prospective bride, have no say in the matter, but the father takes advice from the
567:, in which young, unmarried girls pray for a good groom. They sow seeds in bamboo bowls and water it three times a day for nine days, and if the sprouts grow "thick and high", it is considered a good omen. During Teej, girls sing and dance around the seedling baskets.
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and either four bullocks or one bullock and three cattle, unless the groom's family was particularly wealthy. The marriage is usually arranged for a time when there is little work, so the months of April and May are common, as they fall just after the harvest period.
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reason, being trained in various domestic tasks that benefit both the unit and their future married life. Aside from strictly domestic tasks, they are an economic boon, because they help with herding and grazing the family's cattle and with work in the crop fields.
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Some
Banjara subgroups engaged in trading specific goods, but most traded anything that might make them money—the range was vast, encompassing plains produce such as oilseed, sugarcane, opium, fruits and flowers, forest products (for example, gums,
451:(1843) that the reduction in the number of wars by that time had contributed to their economic deprivation, whilst East India Company encroachment on monopolies such as salt also affected them. Many also lost their work as carriers due to the
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caused it to be made of plastic and aluminium. The extremely elaborate nature of their dresses, comprising glass pieces, beads, and seashells on a mainly red material, means that they are worn for months between careful launderings.
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a fixed class of people, who possess a thousand oxen, or more or less, varying in numbers. They bring grain from the villages to the towns and also accompany armies. With an army, there may at least be a hundred thousand oxen, or
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The group is known by different names in different parts of the country, including Gor
Banjara, Baladiya, Gor, Gour Rajput, Rajput Banjara, Ladaniya, Labana, Nayak, etc.Despite the community adopting a multitude of languages,
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492:. Many Banjaras today are bilingual or multilingual, adopting the predominant language of their surroundings, but those that continue to live in areas of dense Banjara population continue to use their traditional language.
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The association of wandering groups with criminality was neither a colonial notion nor necessarily one that first arose during the
British era in India. The British treated vagrants as criminals in their own country.
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are the traditional dance forms of the
Banjaras. Banjaras have a sister community of singers known as Dadhis, or Gajugonia. They traditionally travelled from village to village, singing songs to the accompaniment of
432:, although this was unjustified, as there were significant differences. Habib writes that "Superstitions of all kinds, including suspected witch killings and sacrifices, reinforced the Gypsy image of the class".
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and village elders. Horoscopes are consulted and information gleaned regarding the boy's prospects. Sometimes, the arrangement is made earlier and may even be solemnised with a betrothal ceremony, called a
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travels, and there was also a general trend among the British to treat criminality as something that was normal among communities without fixed abode. They were sometimes associated by the British with the
768:. Any matter that involves a woman is dealt with by the men, and it is a man who represents her interests, an example being the dealings for marriage proposals, which always require the consent of the
295:, they retreated to the forests and vowed to return only when the foreign influence had gone. According to Halbar, they appear to be of mixed ethnicity, possibly originating in north-central India.
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before the British colonial period was the movement of cotton out of the region and then a return journey with produce, salt, spices, and similar consumptibles into the region. In that area, the
682:. The exception to this is the relatively rare occasion when the man has some education, in which case it is becoming more common to see them making arrangements that involve a longer distance.
614:, or Sevabhaya, is the most important saint of the Banjaras. Colonial British administrators quote his stories, place him in the 19th century, and identify his original name as Siva Rathor.
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embroidery, which involves stitching pieces of mirror, decorative beads, and coins onto clothes. Sandur Lambani embroidery is a type of textile embroidery unique to the tribe in
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284:, they are sometimes called the "gypsies of India". D. B. Naik has said that "There are so many cultural similarities in the Roma Gypsies and the Banjara Lambanis".
563:, usually during the month of June or July, during which they pray for the protection of their cattle. During the month of August, they celebrate the festival of
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707:, but the girl will remain in the household until she attains puberty. When agreement is reached and both sides make a promise to that effect in front of the
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Naik, V. Sarveswara (1996), "Natal to conjugal household through marriage : A traditional life cycle of the Lambadi (Banjara) women in Andhra Pradesh",
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to resolve disputes and, in the case of women, dressing in traditional clothing. However, the men have largely given up their traditional attire of a white
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from the onset of puberty, and their parents will make a show of resistance when a proposal is made, before her father agrees to the advice given by his
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Aside from retaining their practice of endogamy, Naik records of Banjara customs in 1990s Andhra Pradesh that they follow forms of marriage that include
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Her activities are restricted within the family and community. She should not refer to her husband by name but with a respectful word
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Bandyopadhyay, Sumahan (2019), "Study of the Ethnonyms of Indian Tribes: An Investigation into Ecological and Economic Dimensions",
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Sumahan Bandyopadhyay says something fairly similar—"Derived from ban and charan, meaning wanderers of forest" or "cattle grazers".
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Ahuja, Ravi (2004). "Opening up the Country? Patterns of Circulation and Politics of Communication in Early Colonial Orissa".
260:. A survey conducted in 1968 by the All India Banjara Seva Sangh, a caste association, recorded 27 synonyms and 17 subgroups.
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and tattooing are especially prized and also form a significant aspect of the Banjara identity. Lambani women specialise in
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In the 19th century, and despite some British officials such as Thurston praising their trustworthiness as carriers, the
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Naik, B. Sarveswara (1983), "Status and Role of Women in the Changing Banjara (Lambadi) Community of Andhra Pradesh",
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Bhukya, Bhangya (2007). "Delinquent subjects: Dacoity and the creation of a surveillance society in Hyderabad state".
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to the girl's father traditionally applies on betrothal, which is a community celebration, although the payment of a
387:, berries, honey), and items from the hills, including tobacco and grass. Some traded in specific goods, such as the
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Lamani Economy and Society in Change: Socio-cultural Aspects of Economic Change Among the Lamani of North Karnataka
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It is the men who also perform political functions, settling disputes, and dealing with other problems through the
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Satya, Laxman D. (1997), "Colonial Sedentarization and Subjugation: The Case of Banjaras of Berar, 1850-1900",
236:, which historically was India's "pre-eminent" trading community. However, according to B. G. Halbar, the word
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The peripatetic nature of Banjara life significantly affected their societal behaviours. Satya states that it
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Banjara families prefer to have both sons and daughters. The son is considered necessary, because they are a
772:. If a woman leaves her husband and the marital abode, then that, too, is a matter to be judged by the men.
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Banjara art includes performance arts, such as dance and music, as well as folk and plastic arts, such as
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Brennig, Joseph J. (1986). "Textile producers and production in late seventeenth century Coromandel".
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Prasad, Archana (1998), "The Baiga: Survival strategies and local economy in the Central Provinces",
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Author B. G. Halbar has stated that most nomadic communities believe that they are descended from
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Sinha, Nitin (2008), "Mobility, control and criminality in early colonial India, 1760s–1850s",
1784:. National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes. 30 June 2008. p. 50
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V. Sarveswara Naik, herself a Banjara, wrote in 1983 that for Banjara women in Andhra Pradesh,
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by the colonial state disregarding the rich diversity that existed among various groups".
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in Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan, and as a
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by the bride's family is becoming evident. The value of this transaction is set by the
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The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350-1750
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The status of the Banjaras as a designated criminal tribe continued until after the
198:, meaning "own people". Motiraj Rathod believes that the community became known as
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refers to a caravan of bullocks but was also used to describe a Banjara encampment.
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in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Odisha. They were designated as an
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from around the fourteenth century AD and previously had some association with the
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411:, the Banjaras had a monopoly on the movement of salt prior to the arrival of the
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Benjamin, N. (1978). "The Trade of the Central Provinces of India (1861–1880)".
652:(skirt) and a red turban, along with the wearing of earrings, finger rings, and
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Historical ethnic trading and independent community from the Indian subcontinent
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1913:(1990), "Merchant Communities in Precolonial India", in Tracy, James D. (ed.),
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Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal; Deogaonkar, Shailaja Shashishekhar (1992),
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There have been calls for the traditional language to be recognised in the
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has introduced two textbooks in the language for primary school children.
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until the 16th century, Habib believes that the royal court chroniclers
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According to author J. J. Roy Burman, Banjaras have settled across
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The Art and Literature of Banjara Lambanis: A Socio-cultural Study
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The Art and Literature of Banjara Lambanis: A Socio-cultural Study
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and from close relatives. The girls are usually prepared for this
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T. Pullaiah; K. V. Krishnamurthy; Bir Bahadur (1 December 2016).
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who reigned in the early seventeenth century, described them as
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Banjara people are known to worship deities such as Balaji and
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As the Banjara language has no script, it is either written in
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1556:"Sacred Festivals of Banjaras in India – Seetla Teej and Holi"
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Europeans historically thought the Banjaras to be similar to
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Subjugated Nomads: The Lambadas Under the Rule of the Nizams
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and is now a monetary figure. It was traditionally eleven
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being led by an elected headman, variously described as a
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Ethnobotany of India, Volume 1: Eastern Ghats and Deccan
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As of 2008, the Banjara community has been listed as a
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used them for that purpose in his campaign against the
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some centuries earlier, around the time of the rule of
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and Shaikh Nasiruddin documented them operating in the
27:"Lambadis" redirects here. For the Indic language, see
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Ethnography of a Denotified Tribe: The Laman Banjara
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Ethnography of a Denotified Tribe: The Laman Banjara
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On the migratory tribes of natives in Central India
1779:"Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities"
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399:(wood and timber). One common Banjara practice in
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547:, Bellary district, Karnataka. It has obtained a
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484:or in the script of the local language, such as
2184:The Indian Economic & Social History Review
2155:The Indian Economic & Social History Review
2126:The Indian Economic & Social History Review
2060:The Indian Economic & Social History Review
1917:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 371–99,
1872:Dhananjay, Surya; Mood, Dhananjay Naik (2020),
439:brought the community under the purview of the
423:were freely practised in the Banjara community.
319:. Halbar dates things earlier, suggesting that
1812:, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 395–403,
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1408:Tribal Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change
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272:and other parts of India. Together with the
1411:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 253.
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2216:Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival
893:. Scientific Publishers. pp. 97–98.
156:Learn how and when to remove this message
3804:Other Backward Classes of Madhya Pradesh
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658:(silver strings worn around the waist).
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515:Traditional Banjara dress consisting of
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1528:"Sandur Lambani embroidery gets GI tag"
711:, the boy's family distributes liquor,
182:The Gor usually refer to themselves as
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3789:Other Backward Classes of Chhattisgarh
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252:is used throughout India, although in
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3809:Other Backward Classes of Maharashtra
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1876:, Hyderabad: M. Dhananjay Naik Mood,
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559:Banjaras celebrate a festival called
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890:Indigenous Knowledge: An Application
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3814:Other Backward Classes of Rajasthan
1486:"Giving a push to Banjara language"
1092:. Abhinav Publications. p. 4.
1038:. Mittal Publications. p. 15.
174:are nomadic tribes found in India.
24:
3834:Scheduled Tribes of Andhra Pradesh
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2218:. University of California Press.
2087:
1858:, New Delhi: Mittal Publications,
1655:Deogaonkar & Deogaonkar (1992)
1631:Deogaonkar & Deogaonkar (1992)
570:
206:, who claim a 3,000-year history.
25:
3875:
3799:Other Backward Classes of Haryana
3794:Other Backward Classes of Gujarat
2257:
820:List of Scheduled Tribes in India
805:in Karnataka, Delhi, and Punjab.
2237:. In Singh, Birinder Pal (ed.).
1874:'Gor Banjara - An Enduring Tribe
887:Sahu, T. R. (1 September 2007).
70:
48:. For the 2018 Indian film, see
2212:von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph
1771:
1520:
1478:
1395:
1079:
1052:
1025:
859:
846:
788:
743:
627:clans, including strict tribal
2040:The Journal of Peasant Studies
1896:, Concept Publishing Company,
880:
837:
575:Fire dance, Ghumar dance, and
13:
1:
3849:Scheduled Tribes of Telangana
3819:Scheduled Castes of Karnataka
2955:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
913:: CS1 maint: date and year (
825:
326:
240:is derived from the Sanskrit
94:secondary or tertiary sources
2233:Singh, Birinder Pal (2012).
554:
437:British colonial authorities
303:Although not referred to as
177:
7:
2239:'Criminal' Tribes of Punjab
1950:Naik, Dhanasing B. (2000),
1810:The Oriental Anthropologist
808:
661:
595:
475:
441:Criminal Tribes Act of 1871
361:around the late 1790s, and
220:word variously rendered as
10:
3880:
3864:Social groups of Rajasthan
3844:Denotified tribes of India
3839:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha
3829:Scheduled Castes of Punjab
3552:Immigrant Jain communities
2321:Hindu and Jain communities
2196:10.1177/001946468602300401
2167:10.1177/001946460704400203
2138:10.1177/001946467801500404
2109:10.1177/025764300402000104
2072:10.1177/001946460704500101
2024:10.1177/025764309801400209
1852:Burman, J. J. Roy (2010),
1086:Dhanasing B. Naik (2000).
617:
263:
232:, as does the name of the
54:
43:
36:
26:
3824:Scheduled Castes of Delhi
3716:
3606:
3498:
3428:
3322:
3261:
3110:
3074:
2983:
2947:
2781:
2701:
2660:
2629:
2538:
2437:
2361:
2320:
2052:10.1080/03066159708438653
1032:J. J. Roy Burman (2010).
723:The practice of paying a
715:leaves, and nuts for the
256:, the name is altered to
2984:Agricultural communities
2362:Agricultural communities
2241:. Taylor & Francis.
1956:, Abhinav Publications,
1923:10.1017/CBO9780511563089
1832:Bhukya, Bhangya (2010),
1818:10.1177/0976343020170211
61:Vanjari (disambiguation)
57:Banjari (disambiguation)
37:Not to be confused with
2630:Genealogist communities
453:arrival of the railways
212:believes the origin of
39:Banjar (disambiguation)
3284:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
3075:Mercantile communities
2438:Mercantile communities
1939:Halbar, B. G. (1986),
786:
592:
531:, textile embroidery,
524:
506:
425:
376:
81:relies excessively on
3626:Maharashtrian Muslims
3082:Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
1992:Indian Anthropologist
1972:Indian Anthropologist
1945:, Mittal Publications
777:
590:
514:
497:Constitution of India
466:independence of India
420:
371:
2878:Musician communities
2844:Shaikhs of Rajasthan
1838:, Orient BlackSwan,
1492:. 11 September 2022.
993:Bandyopadhyay (2019)
799:Other Backward Class
678:, or, occasionally,
55:For other uses, see
3859:Hindu ethnic groups
3746:Bombay East Indians
3429:Nomadic communities
3111:Artisan communities
2539:Artisan communities
1669:, pp. 315, 317
1536:. 30 September 2010
1403:Singh, Kumar Suresh
1279:, pp. 314, 316
966:, pp. 374, 379
359:Maratha Confederacy
3741:Marathi Christians
3671:Muslim Chhaparband
3607:Muslim communities
3323:Tribal communities
3262:Priest communities
2782:Muslim communities
2702:Tribal communities
2661:Priest communities
2450:Khandelwal Vaishya
2097:Studies in History
2012:Studies in History
1380:, pp. 5, 9–10
1186:, pp. 374–375
1174:, pp. 337–338
1115:, pp. 377–378
815:Banjara literature
608:in great respect.
593:
537:Banjara embroidery
525:
413:East India Company
355:Duke of Wellington
3854:Hindu communities
3771:
3770:
3729:Marathi Buddhists
3717:Other communities
3602:
3601:
3494:
3493:
2948:Hindu Communities
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2777:
2776:
2314:Rajasthani people
2248:978-1-13651-786-0
2235:"Bazigar Banjara"
2225:978-0-52004-315-2
1963:978-81-7017-364-9
1932:978-0-52145-735-4
1903:978-81-7022-433-4
1883:978-93-5419-112-1
1865:978-8-18324-345-2
900:978-93-87913-34-9
696:arranged marriage
604:. They also hold
470:Denotified Tribes
409:Central Provinces
186:and outsiders as
166:
165:
158:
140:
16:(Redirected from
3871:
3549:
3548:
3499:Jain communities
2981:
2980:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2875:
2874:
2814:Hussaini Brahmin
2809:Ghanchi (Muslim)
2673:Guru (community)
2642:Jaga (Rajasthan)
2460:Nema (community)
2429:Natrayat Charans
2424:Natrayat Rajputs
2384:Anjana Chaudhari
2359:
2358:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2252:
2229:
2207:
2178:
2149:
2120:
2082:
2054:
2034:
2006:
1986:
1966:
1946:
1935:
1906:
1886:
1868:
1848:
1828:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1768:, pp. 22–23
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1744:, pp. 34–35
1739:
1733:
1732:, pp. 29–30
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1696:, pp. 28–29
1691:
1682:
1681:, pp. 27–28
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1588:. 23 August 2013
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1562:. September 2022
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1524:
1518:
1517:, pp. 26–27
1512:
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1500:
1494:
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1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1332:, pp. 11–13
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1308:, pp. 17–18
1303:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
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1005:
996:
990:
984:
978:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
930:, pp. 13–14
925:
919:
918:
912:
904:
884:
867:
863:
857:
850:
844:
841:
535:, and painting.
161:
154:
150:
147:
141:
139:
98:
74:
66:
46:Banjara (Muslim)
29:Lambadi language
21:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3751:Koli Christians
3712:
3676:Muslim Raj Gond
3651:Deccani Muslims
3614:Konkani Muslims
3598:
3547:
3490:
3424:
3318:
3257:
3106:
3070:
2979:
2960:Marathi Brahmin
2943:
2938:
2908:
2899:
2873:
2773:
2697:
2656:
2625:
2534:
2433:
2357:
2316:
2311:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2226:
2090:
2088:Further reading
2085:
1964:
1933:
1904:
1884:
1866:
1846:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1720:, p. 32–34
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
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1426:
1419:
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1080:
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1026:
1018:
1014:
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999:
991:
987:
979:
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946:
938:
934:
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906:
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901:
885:
881:
871:
870:
864:
860:
851:
847:
842:
838:
828:
811:
803:Scheduled Caste
795:Scheduled Tribe
791:
746:
664:
620:
598:
573:
571:Dance and music
557:
509:
499:; the state of
478:
329:
317:Alauddin Khalji
313:Delhi Sultanate
309:Ziauddin Barani
266:
180:
162:
151:
145:
142:
99:
97:
91:
87:primary sources
75:
64:
53:
42:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3877:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3784:Banjara people
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
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3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
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3623:
3622:
3621:
3610:
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3553:
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3352:
3347:
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3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
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3319:
3317:
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3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2965:Pathare Prabhu
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2941:Marathi people
2937:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2890:Langha (tribe)
2887:
2881:
2879:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2829:Muslim Rangrez
2826:
2821:
2819:Khadem (caste)
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Muslim Rajputs
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
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2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:Kalwar (caste)
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Mathur Vaishya
2452:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2404:Kachhi (caste)
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2259:
2258:External links
2256:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2230:
2224:
2208:
2190:(4): 333–355.
2179:
2161:(2): 179–212.
2150:
2132:(4): 505–515.
2121:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2055:
2046:(4): 314–336,
2035:
2018:(2): 325–348,
2007:
1987:
1967:
1962:
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956:
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790:
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745:
742:
663:
660:
635:, settling in
619:
616:
597:
594:
572:
569:
556:
553:
508:
505:
477:
474:
445:Edward Balfour
405:Deccan Plateau
367:Mughal emperor
328:
325:
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262:
179:
176:
164:
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78:
76:
69:
50:Banjara (film)
33:
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3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:Marathi Jains
3504:
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3497:
3487:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Twashta Kasar
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
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3201:
3199:
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3186:
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3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:Dhobi (Parit)
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
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3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
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2976:
2973:
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2966:
2963:
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2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Sindhi-Sipahi
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
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2815:
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2800:
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2700:
2694:
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2659:
2653:
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2648:
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2643:
2640:
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2635:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
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2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
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2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
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2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
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2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
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2427:
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2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
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2402:
2400:
2397:
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2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Ravana Rajput
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:(1): 73–130.
2102:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:9788125039617
1841:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1645:, p. 209
1644:
1643:Bhukya (2010)
1639:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1561:
1560:Research Gate
1557:
1551:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1505:, p. 132
1504:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1456:Halbar (1986)
1452:
1446:, p. 233
1445:
1444:Bhukya (2010)
1440:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1418:9788170224716
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1344:, p. 319
1343:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1291:, p. 314
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1255:, p. 315
1254:
1249:
1247:
1240:, p. 377
1239:
1234:
1232:
1225:, p. 318
1224:
1219:
1213:, p. 378
1212:
1207:
1205:
1198:, p. 320
1197:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1172:Prasad (1998)
1168:
1166:
1159:, p. 316
1158:
1153:
1151:
1144:, p. 373
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1127:, p. 317
1126:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1099:9788170173649
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1072:9781771883399
1068:
1065:. CRC Press.
1064:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1045:9788183243452
1041:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1010:, p. 374
1009:
1004:
1002:
995:, p. 399
994:
989:
982:
981:Halbar (1986)
977:
975:
973:
965:
960:
953:
952:Burman (2010)
948:
941:
936:
929:
928:Burman (2010)
924:
916:
910:
902:
896:
892:
891:
883:
879:
876:
875:
862:
855:
849:
840:
836:
833:
832:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
806:
804:
800:
796:
785:
782:
776:
773:
771:
770:gor panchayat
767:
766:gor panchayat
762:
758:
754:
751:
741:
738:
734:
733:gor panchayat
730:
726:
721:
718:
714:
710:
709:gor panchayat
706:
701:
697:
693:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
672:gor panchayat
669:
659:
657:
656:
651:
650:
645:
644:
638:
634:
630:
626:
615:
613:
609:
607:
603:
591:Lambadi dance
589:
585:
583:
578:
568:
566:
562:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
522:
519:(blouse) and
518:
513:
504:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
473:
471:
467:
462:
459:
454:
450:
447:wrote in his
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
424:
419:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:(grain), and
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
298:
294:
293:Mughal empire
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
261:
259:
255:
251:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
175:
173:
168:
160:
157:
149:
146:February 2024
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107: –
106:
102:
101:Find sources:
95:
89:
88:
84:
79:This article
77:
73:
68:
67:
62:
58:
51:
47:
40:
30:
19:
3569:Jaiswal Jain
3471:Phase Pardhi
3435:
3304:Kudaldeshkar
3102:Vaishya Vani
2824:Muslim Gaddi
2749:Sansi people
2724:Bhil Gametia
2546:Soni (caste)
2515:Vijayvargiya
2500:Shrimal Jain
2479:
2394:Dangi people
2272:. Retrieved
2238:
2215:
2187:
2183:
2158:
2154:
2129:
2125:
2100:
2096:
2063:
2059:
2043:
2039:
2015:
2011:
1998:(1): 27–35,
1995:
1991:
1978:(2): 17–26,
1975:
1971:
1952:
1941:
1914:
1911:Habib, Irfan
1892:
1873:
1854:
1834:
1809:
1801:Bibliography
1800:
1799:
1786:. Retrieved
1773:
1761:
1756:, p. 22
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1708:, p. 30
1701:
1674:
1667:Satya (1997)
1662:
1657:, p. 43
1650:
1638:
1633:, p. 42
1626:
1621:, p. 50
1614:
1609:, p. 70
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1585:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1475:, p. 24
1458:, p. 20
1451:
1439:
1434:, p. 18
1427:
1407:
1397:
1390:Sinha (2008)
1385:
1378:Sinha (2008)
1373:
1366:Sinha (2008)
1361:
1354:Sinha (2008)
1349:
1342:Satya (1997)
1337:
1330:Sinha (2008)
1325:
1318:Sinha (2008)
1313:
1289:Satya (1997)
1284:
1277:Satya (1997)
1272:
1267:, p. 12
1265:Sinha (2008)
1260:
1253:Satya (1997)
1238:Habib (1990)
1223:Satya (1997)
1218:
1211:Habib (1990)
1196:Satya (1997)
1191:
1184:Habib (1990)
1179:
1157:Satya (1997)
1142:Habib (1990)
1120:
1113:Habib (1990)
1108:
1088:
1081:
1061:
1054:
1034:
1027:
1022:, p. 17
1015:
1008:Habib (1990)
988:
983:, p. 14
964:Habib (1990)
959:
954:, p. 15
947:
942:, p. 18
935:
923:
889:
882:
873:
872:
861:
853:
848:
839:
830:
829:
792:
789:Distribution
780:
778:
774:
769:
765:
763:
759:
755:
747:
744:Gender roles
732:
722:
716:
708:
704:
699:
691:
687:
684:
671:
665:
653:
647:
640:
636:
632:
621:
610:
599:
574:
558:
540:
526:
520:
516:
494:
479:
463:
448:
434:
426:
421:
417:
377:
372:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
304:
302:
286:
267:
257:
249:
246:
241:
237:
229:
225:
221:
216:lies in the
213:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
181:
171:
169:
167:
152:
143:
133:
126:
119:
112:
100:
80:
3724:Bene Israel
3451:Gav-Paradhi
3143:Chhaparband
3051:Mahyavanshi
3046:Panchkalshi
3026:Koli people
2869:Hela Mehtar
2571:Rajput Mali
2551:Gadia Lohar
2066:(1): 1–33,
1893:The Banjara
1766:Naik (1983)
1754:Naik (1983)
1742:Naik (1996)
1730:Naik (1996)
1718:Naik (1996)
1706:Naik (1996)
1694:Naik (1996)
1679:Naik (1996)
1619:Naik (2000)
1607:Naik (2000)
1515:Naik (2000)
1503:Naik (2000)
1473:Naik (1983)
1432:Halbar 1986
1392:, p. 8
1368:, p. 6
1356:, p. 5
1320:, p. 9
1306:Halbar 1986
1020:Naik (1983)
940:Naik (1983)
750:patrilineal
725:bride price
577:Chari dance
297:Irfan Habib
234:Bania caste
210:Irfan Habib
3778:Categories
3706:Tadvi Bhil
3178:Kanjarbhat
3133:Chaukalshi
3036:Leva Patil
2764:Van Baoria
2739:Rath tribe
2714:Bhil Meena
2678:Rajpurohit
2530:Maheshwari
2343:Rajpurohit
1788:12 October
1125:Satya 1997
826:References
643:panchayats
606:Guru Nanak
482:Devanagari
327:Activities
258:banijagaru
242:vana chara
116:newspapers
83:references
3701:Saiqalgar
3541:Upajjhaya
3516:Chaturtha
3511:Bagherwal
3456:Nath Jogi
3274:Deshastha
3269:Chitpavan
3228:Padmasali
2885:Manganiar
2859:Singiwala
2729:Bhil Mama
2204:128758666
2175:145208626
2146:144969445
2117:154330906
2080:143091564
2032:154166992
1826:202921563
1592:1 October
1586:The Hindu
1533:The Hindu
1490:The Hindu
909:cite book
874:Citations
625:exogamous
602:Jagadamba
555:Festivals
533:tattooing
501:Telangana
270:Rajasthan
254:Karnataka
178:Etymology
105:"Banjara"
3619:Nawayath
3594:Shrimali
3589:Sarawagi
3531:Panchama
3345:Binjhwar
3314:Saraswat
3279:Devrukhe
3138:Chambhar
3006:Bhandari
2839:Hiranbaz
2804:Churigar
2769:Pateliya
2688:Brahmins
2591:Thathera
2495:Sarawagi
2485:Baranwal
2445:Agrawal
2214:(1982).
2004:41919790
1984:41919477
1405:(1993).
809:See also
781:Gharwalo
680:district
668:monogamy
662:Marriage
655:kanadoro
629:endogamy
596:Religion
517:kanchali
476:Language
407:and the
391:(salt),
381:chironji
363:Jahangir
338:muqaddam
282:Kalbelia
218:Sanskrit
192:Gor Mati
184:Banjaras
18:Banjaras
3691:Pinjara
3666:Multani
3641:Bhishti
3636:Baghban
3579:Paliwal
3559:Agrawal
3536:Saitwal
3526:Kamboja
3476:Ramoshi
3466:Kaikadi
3436:Banjara
3390:Katkari
3380:Halpati
3299:Karhade
3203:Kumbhar
3193:Kolhati
3061:Maratha
3056:Mangela
3011:Dhangar
2975:Shamedi
2849:Silawat
2744:Saharia
2652:Motisar
2621:Meghwal
2566:Pinjara
2510:Veerwal
2480:Banjara
2475:Gawaria
2389:Bishnoi
2379:Gurjar
1566:3 March
1540:21 June
690:of his
618:Society
612:Sevalal
582:sarangi
561:Seetala
545:Sanduru
529:rangoli
523:(skirt)
521:phetiya
490:Kannada
430:Gypsies
393:Multani
348:. Such
305:Banjara
264:History
250:banjara
238:banjara
214:banjara
200:banjara
196:Gormati
172:Banjara
130:scholar
3758:Parsis
3696:Qassab
3681:Kachar
3661:Garodi
3646:Chaush
3584:Porwad
3521:Dhakad
3486:Waghri
3446:Dhiwar
3441:Charan
3415:Vasava
3410:Thakar
3385:Kanwar
3370:Gowari
3355:Dhodia
3350:Dhanka
3309:Palshi
3294:Jangam
3208:Lonari
3198:Koshti
3188:Khatik
3173:Holeya
3163:Gosavi
3118:Beldar
3092:Shimpi
3087:Khatri
3021:Kharvi
2970:Rajput
2895:Mirasi
2864:Sorgar
2834:Qassab
2799:Chadwa
2754:Tirgar
2606:Halwai
2601:Kumhar
2596:Suthar
2561:Kharol
2525:Khatri
2505:Vankar
2414:Seervi
2399:Dhakar
2348:Rabari
2333:Charan
2328:Rajput
2274:1 July
2245:
2222:
2202:
2173:
2144:
2115:
2078:
2030:
2002:
1982:
1960:
1929:
1900:
1880:
1862:
1842:
1824:
1415:
1096:
1069:
1042:
897:
737:rupees
676:taluka
549:GI tag
486:Telugu
458:Thugee
397:Mukeri
389:Labana
350:tandas
321:Dandin
289:Rajput
280:, and
228:, and
132:
125:
118:
111:
103:
3763:Sikhs
3734:Mahar
3686:Kadia
3656:Fakir
3631:Attar
3574:Oswal
3564:Humad
3481:Siddi
3461:Kahar
3420:Warli
3405:Nahal
3400:Korku
3395:Kokna
3375:Halba
3360:Gavit
3335:Barda
3289:Gurav
3253:Vadar
3238:Sutar
3223:Nhavi
3213:Lohar
3183:Kalal
3168:Holar
3158:Gavli
3128:Burud
3097:Sonar
3066:Powar
3031:Kunbi
3016:Gabit
2759:Vagri
2719:Meena
2693:Sevag
2683:Rawal
2668:Bhopa
2647:Rawal
2637:Bhāts
2616:Salvi
2581:Sunar
2576:Regar
2520:Kewat
2490:Bafna
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