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Karatal and other river valleys began. Also during the
Pleistocene, glaciations and intensive ice melting resulted in the Balkash deepening and increasing in size, reconnecting with the Alakol as a single lake. By the Holocene, however, the area became shallow and the single body of water split up into modern lakes Balkhash, Alakol and Sasykkol.
316:
The
Balkhash-Alakol Basin stretches roughly from east to west for about 100 km (62 mi) and has an average width between 100 km (62 mi) and 300 km (190 mi), with a maximum width of 350 km (220 mi). The basin has two parts, the Balkhash depression in the west and
307:
split the fresh Zaysan and the brackish Alakol into independent lakes, causing them to significantly decrease in size. Balkhash, however, became larger and divided into a fresh western and a salty eastern part that characterize its present configuration. At the same time, the formation of the Ili,
321:
in the east. The elevation ranges from 342 m (1,122 ft) —at the surface of lake
Balkhash— to a maximum of 600 m (2,000 ft) towards the eastern end. To the northwest and north the depression is limited by the
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295:
the
Balkhash depression filled with sediments and lake Balkhash became shallow and desalinated. At the same time, Alakol and Zaisan were merged into a single lake. In the
789:
513:
Sala, Renato; Deom, Jean-Marc; Aladin, Nikolai V.; Plotnikov, Igor S.; Nurtazin, Sabyr (2020). "Geological
History and Present Conditions of Lake Balkhash".
261:
44:
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401:, which are part of the basin even though not reaching the lake. Besides the Balkhash and Alakol, other lakes of the basin are the
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took shape and filled with saltwater, covering roughly the area of the present-day basin with an eastern extension that included
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764:/ Ch. ed. B.O. Jakyp. — Almaty: « Kazakh encyclopedia» ZhSS, 2011. ISBN 9965-893-64-0(T.Z.),ISBN 9965-893-19-5
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desert and semi-desert areas. The main species that grow are salt-tolerant shrubs and grasses, such as
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this sea dried up, leaving residual lakes, including
Balkhash, Alakol, Zaisan and Gobi.
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303:, tectonic processes intensified, causing the entire depression to deepen. The rising
252:
The basin was formed as a result of a trough that filled with river sediments. In the
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Changes in glaciation of the
Balkhash–Alakol basin, central Asia, over recent decades
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river, flowing into Lake
Balkhash from the south. Other important rivers are the
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The vegetation of the
Balkhash-Alakol Depression is characteristic of the
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Wan, Bo; Li, Shihu; Xiao, Wenjiao; Windley, Brian F. (October 2018).
351:
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711:
49:
View of the shores of Lake
Balkhash, the main waterbody of the basin
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On the origin of Lake Balkhash and the Balkhash-Alakol depression
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563:. - 3rd ed. - M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. (in Russian)
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342 m (1,122 ft) to 600 m (2,000 ft)
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676:Палеоазиатский океан - Большая российская энциклопедия
463:. Parts of the basin are used seasonally for pasture.
185:
100 km (62 mi) to 300 km (190 mi)
417:, among a few smaller ones. The basin includes the
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639:"Where and when did the Paleo-Asian ocean form?"
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216:
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790:Ecosystem management in Balkhash Lake basin
688:"M. Obrucheff's Explorations in Mongolia"
357:The main watercourse of the basin is the
164:ca 22,000 km (8,500 sq mi)
280:and reached further eastwards into the
256:the whole area was part of the ancient
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264:. This ancient sea disappeared in the
617:"L-44 Topographic Chart (in Russian)"
593:"L-43 Topographic Chart (in Russian)"
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516:Large Asian Lakes in a Changing World
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519:. Springer Water. pp. 143–175.
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342:mountains, and to the south by the
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762:Kazakhstan National Encyclopedia
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663:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.09.003
232:The basin is named after lakes
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551:Балхаш-Алакольская котловина
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218:Балхаш-Алакольская котловина
28:Балхаш-Алакольская котловина
7:
525:10.1007/978-3-030-42254-7_5
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10:
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750:Балхаш-Алакольская впадина
478:Outline of plate tectonics
326:, to the northeast by the
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205:Balkhash-Alakol Depression
733:Stasiv Igor Vasilievich,
556:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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177:700 km (430 mi)
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692:The Geographical Journal
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559:in 30 vols. — Ch. ed.
150:East Kazakhstan Region
80:Location in Kazakhstan
805:Balkhash-Alakol Basin
784:Balkhash Alakol Basin
473:Geology of Kazakhstan
330:, to the west by the
201:Balkhash-Alakol Basin
74:Balkhash-Alakol Basin
23:Balkhash-Alakol Basin
786:at Wikimedia Commons
698:(3): 260–265. 1895.
643:Precambrian Research
346:in the east and the
328:Tarbagatai Mountains
748:Александр Бабкин —
704:1895GeogJ...5..260.
655:2018PreR..317..241W
260:, a vestige of the
213:Балқаш-Алакөл ойысы
174: • Length
104: /
26:Балқаш-Алакөл ойысы
16:Plain in Kazakhstan
182: • Width
161: • Total
782:Media related to
534:978-3-030-42253-0
393:, as well as the
354:mountain system.
344:Dzungarian Alatau
262:Palaeoasian Ocean
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108:46.000°N 77.500°E
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305:Tarbagatai Range
225:in southeastern
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138:Karaganda Region
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561:A.M. Prokhorov
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324:Kazakh Uplands
319:artesian basin
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142:Zhambyl Region
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439:Kazakh Steppe
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348:Chu-Ili Range
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146:Almaty Region
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89:Coordinates:
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738:(in Russian)
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622:27 September
620:. Retrieved
598:27 September
596:. Retrieved
578:Google Earth
554:
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411:Kashkanteniz
407:Zhalanashkol
356:
340:Maizharylgan
315:
290:
274:Khankhai Sea
251:
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204:
200:
198:
649:: 241–252.
483:Panthalassa
317:the Alakol
301:Pleistocene
278:Lake Zaysan
111: /
489:References
448:Calligonum
282:Gobi Lakes
227:Kazakhstan
169:Dimensions
128:Kazakhstan
461:winterfat
352:Tien Shan
312:Geography
286:Oligocene
284:. In the
268:. By the
190:Elevation
799:Category
467:See also
457:wormwood
453:saltwort
427:Muyunkum
415:Itishpes
403:Sasykkol
397:and the
297:Pliocene
242:Balkhash
234:Balkhash
124:Location
720:1773935
700:Bibcode
651:Bibcode
399:Bakanas
375:Karatal
332:Zheltau
293:Miocene
291:In the
266:Permian
248:Geology
134:Part of
99:77°30′E
718:
531:
443:saxaul
423:Taukum
395:Tokrau
391:Ayagöz
387:Tentek
383:Urzhar
270:Eocene
238:Alakol
209:Kazakh
96:46°0′N
716:JSTOR
433:Flora
371:Lepsy
367:Koksu
336:Aitau
36:Basin
624:2022
600:2022
529:ISBN
459:and
425:and
413:and
389:and
379:Emil
363:Aksu
338:and
299:and
272:the
236:and
199:The
156:Area
148:and
708:doi
659:doi
647:317
521:doi
359:Ili
203:or
801::
714:.
706:.
694:.
690:.
657:.
645:.
641:.
608:^
584:^
568:^
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543:^
527:.
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229:.
211::
144:,
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722:.
710::
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696:5
665:.
661::
653::
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602:.
537:.
523::
207:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
