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Bagnold number

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In flows with small Bagnold numbers (Ba < 40), viscous fluid stresses dominate grain collision stresses, and the flow is said to be in the "macro-viscous" regime. Grain collision stresses dominate at large Bagnold number (Ba > 450), which is known as the "grain-inertia" regime. A transitional
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Hunt, M. L.; Zenit, R.; Campbell, C. S.; Brennen, C.E. (2002). "Revisiting the 1954 suspension experiments of R. A. Bagnold".
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Bagnold, R. A. (1954). "Experiments on a Gravity-Free Dispersion of Large Solid Spheres in a Newtonian Fluid under Shear".
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is known as the linear concentration, and is given by
362: 342: 260: 237: 213: 180: 160: 136: 52: 375: 348: 324: 243: 219: 195: 166: 142: 118: 881: 538: 383:is the maximum possible concentration (see 545: 531: 483: 231:of the interstitial fluid. The parameter 554:Dimensionless numbers in fluid mechanics 418: 391:regime falls between these two values. 882: 526: 13: 518:Granular Material Flows at N.A.S.A 57: 54: 43:The Bagnold number is defined by 14: 911: 511: 196:{\displaystyle {\dot {\gamma }}} 455: 412: 1: 406: 7: 394: 356:is the solids fraction and 10: 916: 464:Journal of Fluid Mechanics 560: 494:10.1017/S0022112001006577 376:{\displaystyle \phi _{0}} 890:Granularity of materials 244:{\displaystyle \lambda } 174:is the grain diameter, 32:flow with interstitial 441:10.1098/rspa.1954.0186 377: 350: 326: 245: 221: 197: 168: 144: 120: 36:, first identified by 900:Dimensionless numbers 421:Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 378: 351: 349:{\displaystyle \phi } 327: 246: 222: 198: 169: 145: 143:{\displaystyle \rho } 121: 385:random close packing 360: 340: 258: 235: 220:{\displaystyle \mu } 211: 178: 158: 134: 50: 476:2002JFM...452....1H 433:1954RSPSA.225...49B 38:Ralph Alger Bagnold 700:Keulegan–Carpenter 373: 346: 322: 241: 217: 193: 164: 140: 116: 895:Bubbles (physics) 877: 876: 320: 310: 229:dynamic viscosity 190: 167:{\displaystyle d} 114: 107: 907: 547: 540: 533: 524: 523: 506: 505: 487: 459: 453: 452: 416: 382: 380: 379: 374: 372: 371: 355: 353: 352: 347: 331: 329: 328: 323: 321: 319: 312: 311: 303: 301: 297: 293: 288: 287: 268: 250: 248: 247: 242: 226: 224: 223: 218: 202: 200: 199: 194: 192: 191: 183: 173: 171: 170: 165: 150:is the particle 149: 147: 146: 141: 125: 123: 122: 117: 115: 110: 109: 108: 100: 97: 96: 92: 79: 78: 65: 60: 915: 914: 910: 909: 908: 906: 905: 904: 880: 879: 878: 873: 556: 551: 514: 509: 485:10.1.1.564.7792 460: 456: 427:(1160): 49–63. 417: 413: 409: 401:Bingham plastic 397: 367: 363: 361: 358: 357: 341: 338: 337: 302: 289: 283: 279: 278: 274: 273: 272: 267: 259: 256: 255: 236: 233: 232: 212: 209: 208: 182: 181: 179: 176: 175: 159: 156: 155: 135: 132: 131: 99: 98: 88: 84: 80: 74: 70: 66: 64: 53: 51: 48: 47: 34:Newtonian fluid 12: 11: 5: 913: 903: 902: 897: 892: 875: 874: 872: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 780: 779: 769: 764: 763: 762: 757: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 561: 558: 557: 550: 549: 542: 535: 527: 521: 520: 513: 512:External links 510: 508: 507: 454: 410: 408: 405: 404: 403: 396: 393: 370: 366: 345: 334: 333: 318: 315: 309: 306: 300: 296: 292: 286: 282: 277: 271: 266: 263: 240: 216: 189: 186: 163: 139: 128: 127: 113: 106: 103: 95: 91: 87: 83: 77: 73: 69: 63: 59: 56: 18:Bagnold number 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 912: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 887: 885: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 778: 775: 774: 773: 770: 768: 765: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 610:Chandrasekhar 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 562: 559: 555: 548: 543: 541: 536: 534: 529: 528: 525: 519: 516: 515: 503: 499: 495: 491: 486: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 458: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 415: 411: 402: 399: 398: 392: 388: 386: 368: 364: 343: 316: 313: 307: 304: 298: 294: 290: 284: 280: 275: 269: 264: 261: 254: 253: 252: 238: 230: 214: 206: 187: 184: 161: 153: 137: 111: 104: 101: 93: 89: 85: 81: 75: 71: 67: 61: 46: 45: 44: 41: 39: 35: 31: 27: 23: 19: 574: 467: 463: 457: 424: 420: 414: 389: 335: 129: 42: 21: 17: 15: 864:Weissenberg 470:(1): 1–24. 884:Categories 784:Richardson 565:Archimedes 407:References 205:shear rate 869:Womersley 760:turbulent 740:Ohnesorge 725:Marangoni 690:Iribarren 615:Damköhler 600:Capillary 480:CiteSeerX 365:ϕ 344:ϕ 314:− 295:ϕ 281:ϕ 262:λ 239:λ 215:μ 188:˙ 185:γ 138:ρ 112:μ 105:˙ 102:γ 82:λ 68:ρ 844:Suratman 834:Strouhal 814:Sherwood 777:magnetic 772:Reynolds 767:Rayleigh 755:magnetic 595:Brinkman 449:98030586 395:See also 30:granular 26:stresses 824:Stanton 819:Shields 809:Scruton 804:Schmidt 750:Prandtl 735:Nusselt 710:Laplace 705:Knudsen 695:Kapitza 680:Görtler 675:Grashof 665:Galilei 630:Deborah 575:Bagnold 502:9416685 472:Bibcode 429:Bibcode 227:is the 203:is the 152:density 854:Ursell 849:Taylor 839:Stuart 829:Stokes 794:Rossby 789:Roshko 745:PĂ©clet 730:Morton 670:Graetz 660:Froude 650:Eötvös 640:Eckert 635:Dukhin 605:Cauchy 570:Atwood 500:  482:  447:  336:where 130:where 859:Weber 799:Rouse 715:Lewis 685:Hagen 655:Euler 645:Ekman 620:Darcy 580:Bejan 498:S2CID 445:S2CID 28:in a 720:Mach 625:Dean 590:Bond 585:Biot 207:and 16:The 490:doi 468:452 437:doi 425:225 387:). 40:. 886:: 496:. 488:. 478:. 466:. 443:. 435:. 423:. 154:, 22:Ba 546:e 539:t 532:v 504:. 492:: 474:: 451:. 439:: 431:: 369:0 332:, 317:1 308:3 305:1 299:) 291:/ 285:0 276:( 270:1 265:= 162:d 126:, 94:2 90:/ 86:1 76:2 72:d 62:= 58:a 55:B 20:(

Index

stresses
granular
Newtonian fluid
Ralph Alger Bagnold
density
shear rate
dynamic viscosity
random close packing
Bingham plastic
Bibcode
1954RSPSA.225...49B
doi
10.1098/rspa.1954.0186
S2CID
98030586
Bibcode
2002JFM...452....1H
CiteSeerX
10.1.1.564.7792
doi
10.1017/S0022112001006577
S2CID
9416685
Granular Material Flows at N.A.S.A
v
t
e
Dimensionless numbers in fluid mechanics
Archimedes
Atwood

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