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703:, are designed to expose the back in this manner. The lower back is typically exposed frequently by many types of shirts in woman's fashion, and even the more conservative shirts and blouses will reveal the lower back. This happens for a variety of reasons- the lower waist area is a pivot point for the body and lengthens and arches as a person sits or bends. Secondly, woman's fashion typically favors tops that are waist length, allowing the back to be left bare during slight movement, bending or sitting. The back also serves as the largest
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of criminals, and a common means of forcing slaves to work. As well, self-flagellation, as in self punishment, may include the use of whipping oneself. This is one method of mortification, the practice of inflicting physical suffering on oneself with the religious belief that it will serve as penance
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The intricate anatomy of the back provides support for the head and trunk of the body, strength in the trunk of the body, as well as a great deal of flexibility and movement. The upper back has the most structural support, with the ribs attached firmly to each level of the thoracic spine and very
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The curvature of the female back is a frequent theme in paintings, because the sensibilities of many cultures permit the back to be shown nude - implying full nudity without actually displaying it. Indeed, the practice of showing explicitness on the lower back has been performed for centuries.
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is the second most common type of pain in adults (the most common being headaches). By far the most common cause of back pain is muscle strain. The back muscles can usually heal themselves within a couple of weeks, but the pain can be intense and debilitating. Other common sources of back pain
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for one's own sins or those of others. While more moderate forms of mortification are widely practiced—particularly in the
Catholic Church—self flagellation is not encouraged by mainstream religions or religious leaders. A well-known instrument used for flagellations is the infamous
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mention the back, usually highlighting it as an area of vulnerability; one must "watch one's back", or one may end up "with one's back up against the wall"; worse yet, someone may "stab one in the back", but hopefully a friend "has got one's back".
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577:), it tends to have less hair than the chest on men. The upper-middle back is also the one area of the body which a typical human under normal conditions might be unable to physically touch.
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344:), more than halfway down the length of the back, leaving an area with less protection between the bottom of the ribcage and the hips. The width of the back at the top is defined by the
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limited movement. The lower back (lumbar vertebrae) allows for flexibility and movement in back bending (extension) and forward bending (flexion). It does not permit twisting.
765:). The back is also a symbol of strength and hard work, with those seeking physical labor looking for "strong backs", and workers being implored to "put their back into it".
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The superficial group, also known as the appendicular group, is primarily associated with movement of the appendicular skeleton. It is composed of
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that cover the entirety of the back. Others have smaller tattoos at significant locations, such as the shoulder blade or the bottom of the back.
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of the human back is thicker and has fewer nerve endings than the skin on any other part of the torso. With some notable exceptions (see, e.g.,
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The deep group, also known as the intrinsic group due to its embryological origin in the back, can be further subdivided into four groups:
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are within the ribcage, and extend to the back of the ribcage making it possible for them to be listened into through the back. The
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The muscles of the back can be divided into three distinct groups; a superficial group, an intermediate group and a deep group.
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on the human body. Because of its size and the relative lack of hair, the back presents an ideal canvas on the human body for
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The back comprises interconnecting nerves, bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, all of which can be a source of pain.
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The intermediate group is also known as respiratory group as it may serve a respiratory function. It is composed of
825:. Vogl, Wayne,, Mitchell, Adam W. M.,, Gray, Henry (Third ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The breadth of the back is created by the
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are situated beneath the muscles in the area below the end of the ribcage, loosely connected to the
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The part of the back that typically cannot be reached to be scratched is sometimes named
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Posterior view of muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column.
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561:. A strike to the lower back can damage the kidneys of the person being hit.
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757:" is a derogatory name in American English for immigrants who cross the
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800:(32nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. 2012. p. 191.
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of a person across the back with a whip was both a common form of
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is a common medical condition, generally benign in origin.
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View of the bones of the thorax and shoulders from behind.
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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478:Spinotransversales – composed of
153:Female human back (left), male human back (right)
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678:, an enslaved person who was frequently whipped.
522:Segmental muscles – composed of
324:, specifically the length from the top of the
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320:The central feature of the human back is the
761:illegally (purportedly swimming though the
30:"Back" redirects here. For other uses, see
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695:Certain articles of clothing, such as the
580:The skin of the back is innervated by the
348:, the broad, flat bones of the shoulders.
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
798:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
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589:lateral abdominal cutaneous branches of
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537:The deep group is innervated by the
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
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638:, many types of fractures, such as
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642:or an osteoporotic fracture, or
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627:include disc problems, such as
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658:Painting of a woman's back by
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823:Gray's Anatomy for Students
821:Drake, Richard Lee (2014).
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464:serratus posterior inferior
460:serratus posterior superior
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234:Anatomical terminology
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607:Clinical significance
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328:to the bottom of the
32:Back (disambiguation)
1637:clavipectoral fascia
1551:transversus thoracis
1498:thoracolumbar fascia
545:Organs near the back
61:improve this article
1560:serratus posterior
1524:Intercostal muscles
650:Society and culture
565:Surface of the back
332:, which houses the
302:at the top and the
278:to the back of the
1576:thoracic diaphragm
1556:levatores costarum
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591:intercostal nerves
532:intertransversarii
524:levatores costarum
506:Transversospinales
484:splenius cervicis.
454:Intermediate group
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382:E Levator scapulae
380:D Latissimus dorsi
326:thoracic vertebrae
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16:(Redirected from
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396:Distribution of
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384:F Rhomboid major
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330:lumbar vertebrae
322:vertebral column
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266:), is the large
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1387:iliocostalis
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721:
693:
621:
601:
588:
581:
579:
568:
548:
536:
510:semispinalis
497:longissismus
493:iliocostalis
473:
457:
425:
417:
338:spinal canal
319:
308:
282:. It is the
270:area of the
263:
255:
251:
249:
203:A01.2.05.001
199:A01.1.00.018
174:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
76:"Human back"
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1546:subcostalis
1392:longissimus
672:scar tissue
660:Edgar Degas
374:A Trapezius
334:spinal cord
164:Identifiers
1662:Human back
1656:Categories
1604:subclavius
1420:multifidus
1188:Fingernail
785:References
774:punishment
763:Rio Grande
559:peritoneum
514:multifidus
470:Deep group
272:human body
252:human back
142:Human back
87:newspapers
1614:sternalis
1539:innermost
1453:trapezius
1425:rotatores
1104:Genitalia
841:881508489
697:haltertop
624:Back pain
618:Back pain
612:Back pain
518:rotatores
428:trapezius
316:Structure
310:Back pain
300:shoulders
268:posterior
27:Body part
1569:superior
1564:inferior
1534:internal
1529:external
1463:rhomboid
1397:spinalis
1369:cervicis
1356:splenius
1233:Buttocks
1153:Shoulder
988:Mandible
921:Forehead
726:acnestis
709:body art
699:and the
598:Movement
584:branches
501:spinalis
342:vertebra
290:and the
276:buttocks
1364:capitis
1333:of the
1331:Muscles
1278:Toenail
1168:Forearm
1114:Scrotum
1060:Midriff
1050:Abdomen
1043:(Trunk)
993:Occiput
936:Eyebrow
753:Wetback
743:English
717:tattoos
555:kidneys
406:Muscles
346:scapula
336:in its
292:abdomen
284:surface
187:D001415
159:Details
101:scholar
1624:Fascia
1512:Thorax
1490:Fascia
1335:thorax
1213:Little
1203:Middle
1183:Finger
1158:Axilla
1099:Pelvis
1092:Nipple
1087:Breast
1082:Thorax
1026:Throat
1003:Temple
966:Tongue
946:Eyelid
839:
829:
804:
746:idioms
705:canvas
688:tattoo
676:Gordon
633:lumbar
304:pelvis
294:. The
256:dorsum
175:dorsum
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1473:minor
1468:major
1263:Ankle
1243:Thigh
1198:Index
1193:Thumb
1173:Wrist
1163:Elbow
1136:Limbs
1119:Vulva
1109:Penis
1065:Navel
1055:Waist
1041:Torso
998:Scalp
971:Tooth
956:Mouth
926:Cheek
741:Many
730:. An
631:or a
551:lungs
288:chest
264:dorsa
238:[
227:14181
170:Latin
108:JSTOR
94:books
1347:Back
1339:back
1337:and
1283:Sole
1268:Heel
1258:Foot
1253:Calf
1248:Knee
1208:Ring
1178:Hand
1126:Anus
1077:Back
1031:Nape
1013:Neck
951:Nose
931:Chin
916:Face
911:Hair
903:Head
895:Skin
889:Body
837:OCLC
827:ISBN
802:ISBN
732:itch
707:for
571:skin
569:The
549:The
530:and
516:and
499:and
482:and
462:and
442:and
280:neck
250:The
194:TA98
182:MeSH
80:news
18:Back
1273:Toe
1238:Hip
1225:Leg
1145:Arm
983:Jaw
978:Ear
961:Lip
941:Eye
260:pl.
222:FMA
215:135
210:TA2
63:by
1658::
835:.
738:.
646:.
594:.
541:.
526:,
512:,
495:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
262::
1323:e
1316:t
1309:v
873:e
866:t
859:v
843:.
810:.
749:"
690:.
662:.
258:(
242:]
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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