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348:, bigoted, middle-aged cotton gin owner Archie Lee Meighan has been married to pretty, naïve 19-year-old "Baby Doll" Meighan for nearly two years. Archie Lee impatiently waits for her 20th birthday, when, by prior agreement with her now-deceased father, the marriage can finally be consummated. In the meantime, she sleeps in a crib, because the only other bedroom furniture in the house is the bed in which Archie sleeps; Archie, an alcoholic, spies on her through a hole in a wall. Baby Doll's senile Aunt Rose Comfort lives in the house, as well, much to Archie's chagrin.
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find Archie, who slaps her in the face and leaves for town to purchase new parts for his gin. Vacarro comforts Baby Doll, and after becoming friendly, Vacarro forces her to sign an affidavit admitting Archie's guilt. He then takes a nap in Baby Doll's crib, and is invited for supper at Baby Doll's request as a storm approaches.
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wrote in a generally favorable review that
Tennessee Williams "has written his trashy, vicious people so that they are clinically interesting...But Mr. Kazan's pictorial compositions, got in stark black-and-white and framed for the most part against the background of an old Mississippi mansion, are
351:
After defaulting on payments to a furniture-leasing company due to his failing cotton gin, virtually all the furniture in the house is repossessed, and Baby Doll threatens to leave. Archie's competitor, a
Sicilian-American named Silva Vacarro—who is manager of a newer and more modern and profitable
363:
The police arrive, and Archie is arrested when
Vacarro presents them with the affidavit. Vacarro then leaves the farm, telling Baby Doll he will be back the following day with more cotton. As Archie is taken away by the police, remarking that it is Baby Doll's birthday, Baby Doll and her Aunt Rose
355:
Archie asks Baby Doll to entertain
Vacarro while he supervises the work, and the two spend the day together. Vacarro explicitly inquires about Archie's whereabouts the night before and makes sexual advances toward her. When Vacarro outright accuses Archie of burning down his gin, Baby Doll goes to
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According to Baker, the cast and crew were unaware that the material would be perceived as controversial. The main reason for the backlash was believed to be the seduction scene between Baker and
Wallach. Speculation arose among some audiences that during their scene together on a swinging chair,
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praised the cast as "uniformly commendable" and wrote that the plot machinations "add up to some hilarious French-style farce, and it is only at the conclusion of the piece, when Mr. Kazan starts moving his camera around in a preternaturally solemn way, that one's interest in 'Baby Doll' briefly
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Archie, drunk and jealous of Baby Doll's romantic interest in
Vacarro, angrily tells Aunt Rose she needs to move out of the house; Vacarro immediately offers to let her live with him as his cook, and Baby Doll and he flirt with each other and taunt Archie. After Vacarro confronts Archie with the
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called it "one of the finest films of this or many another year, a chilling expose of what ignorance does to human beings...and an excellent example of why the Motion
Picture Association should follow Britain's lead in classifying films into distinct categories for children and adults."
524:
and New York City. According to Kazan, Williams did not stay long while the film was shooting in Benoit because of the way in which locals looked at him. Some locals were used for minor roles, and one called "Boll Weevil" acted and also served as the production unit's utility man.
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Wallach's character was fondling Baby Doll underneath her dress because his hands are not visible in the frame. According to both Baker and
Wallach, the scene was intentionally filmed as such because Kazan had placed heaters all around them in the cold weather.
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cotton gin—has taken away all of Archie's business. Archie retaliates by burning down
Vacarro's gin that night. Suspecting Archie as the arsonist, Vacarro visits the farm the following day with truckloads of cotton, offering to pay Archie Lee to gin for him.
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he responds to a brilliant and astute scenario by
Tennessee Williams with a great invention and the most subtle insight...There are no bad performances, and those of Carroll Baker as Baby Doll and Eli Wallach as the Sicilian are outstanding."
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wrote that Kazan "probably here turns in his greatest directing job to date" and praised the "superb performances," concluding that the film "ranks as a major screen achievement and deserves to be recognized as such."
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rated the film as a "C" ("Condemned") and deemed it "grievously offensive to Christian and traditional standards of morality and decency." The group succeeded in having the film withdrawn from numerous theaters.
520:, an 1848 antebellum home in Bolivar County. Kazan asked the actors to dress the home's interiors with props that they felt reflected their characters' personalities. Other shooting locations included nearby
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wrote that the film "offers an experience so basically sordid, and so trying besides, that if one does not manage to laugh at its fantastic ribaldry, he will think that he has spent two hours in bedlam."
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premiered in New York City on December 18, 1956, opening the following week in Los Angeles on December 26 before receiving an expanded release on December 29. During its opening week at New York's
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556:, the film earned promising box-office returns, totaling $ 51,232. It grossed a total of $ 2.3 million at the U.S. box office. According to Kazan, the film was ultimately not profitable.
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and several specific stipulations are tossed aside in granting the film a Code seal. Among these, the law is ridiculed, there are sexual implications, vulgarity, and the words '
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courted controversy before its release with the display of a promotional billboard in New York City that depicted Baker lying in a crib and sucking her thumb.
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467:, Elia Kazan claimed in his autobiography that Williams was only "half-heartedly" involved in the screenplay and that Kazan actually wrote most of it.
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for the part. Williams favored Baker after she performed a scene from his script at the Actors Studio. Kazan had been impressed by her performance in
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noted that it was the first time in years that the Legion of Decency had condemned a major American film that had been approved by the MPAA.
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Eli Wallach was cast in his first screen role but was hesitant, as he was unfamiliar with film acting and lacked confidence in his ability.
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called the film "thoroughly unpleasant and distasteful screen fare, in spite of the fact that it is expertly directed and finely acted."
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Although racial segregation was still present in Mississippi at the time, several local black actors appear in bit parts.
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was released in December 1956. It provoked significant controversy, mostly because of its implied sexual themes, and the
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Although the film's title card reads "Tennessee Williams' Baby Doll" and the film is based on Williams' one-act play
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1158:"In the galleries: The productive, but complicated, relationship between Tennessee Williams and Elia Kazan"
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615:.'" Religious groups continued to apply pressure following the film's December 18, 1956 premiere, and the
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affidavit, Archie retrieves his shotgun and chases Vacarro outside while Baby Doll calls the police.
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enjoyed a mostly favorable response from critics and earned numerous accolades, including the
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has been listed by some film scholars as among the most notorious films of the 1950s, and
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urged both Catholics and non-Catholics to avoid the film, deeming it a moral danger.
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1019:. The screenplay and stage play have been published in one volume. In 2015, the
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Schallert, Edwin (December 27, 1956). "'Baby Doll' Real Terrible Infant".
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Response to the film from Catholic laity was mixed, and Episcopal bishop
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criticized the approval, noting: "Both the general principles of the
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for Kazan and nominations for four other Golden Globe awards, four
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wrote "Kazan has often fallen afoul of his own cleverness, but in
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The working titles for the film included the name of the play and
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Tennessee Williams and Elia Kazan: A Collaboration in the Theatre
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35:
1721:"Dylan McDermott to Star in 'Baby Doll' at the McCarter Theater"
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The film holds a score of 83% on the review-aggregation website
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by far the most artful and respectable feature of 'Baby Doll.'"
1558:"'Baby Doll' with Karl Malden, Carroll Baker and Eli Wallach".
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a reputation as one of the most notorious films of the 1950s.
1929:
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Hollywood's Tennessee: The Williams Films and Postwar America
1746:"Theater: 'Baby Doll' at Princeton's McCarter Theatre Center"
1093:
The New York Times' Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made
320:. Wallach won the BAFTA award for Most Promising Newcomer.
1460:(December 19, 1956). "Screen: Streetcar on Tobacco Road".
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In the 1970s, Williams wrote the full-length stage play
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Films whose director won the Best Director Golden Globe
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Not all reviews were positive. Edwin Schallert of the
16:
1956 American dramatic black comedy film by Elia Kazan
1819:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.
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77:
The Long Stay Cut Short, or The Unsatisfactory Supper
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The Knightly Quest: a Novella and Four Short Stories
1817:
Freedom to Offend: How New York Remade Movie Culture
1196:
1184:
364:return inside the house to await Vacarro's return.
1840:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1493:(December 29, 1956). "Villain Here Is Ignorance".
659:The film was banned in many countries, including
2967:
2553:Eight Mortal Ladies Possessed: a Book of Stories
2535:Three Players of a Summer Game and Other Stories
1796:Palmer, R. Barton; Bray, William Robert (2009).
1350:
2194:
532:. Baker claims that Kazan changed the title to
512:Principal photography began in October 1955 in
286:. The plot focuses on a feud between two rival
1696:"Review: BABY DOLL at McCarter Theatre Center"
456:, Carroll Baker, and Elia Kazan on the set of
272:, and adapted by Williams from two of his own
2180:
1945:
1090:
3061:Films with screenplays by Tennessee Williams
1800:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
504:appears in an uncredited role as a dentist.
2955:List of one-act plays by Tennessee Williams
1860:The Good, the Bad, and Me: In My Anecdotage
1638:British Academy of Film and Television Arts
1511:(December 29, 1956). "The Current Cinema".
1435:, December 24, 1956. Accessed 29 June 2008.
681:Reviews from critics were mostly positive.
2388:Will Mr. Merriweather Return from Memphis?
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992:Best Written American Drama – Screen
34:
2991:Films about adultery in the United States
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2364:The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore
1814:
1781:. New York City, New York: Arbor House.
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334:Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made
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1665:. Hollywood Foreign Press Association.
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1351:Nashawaty, Chris (January 26, 2007).
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1164:. University of Texas. Archived from
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648:contained more "sensuality" than did
593:received a seal of approval from the
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310:Golden Globe Award for Best Director
293:Filmed in Mississippi in late 1955,
3091:English-language black comedy films
1489:
1399:
1302:
828:Best Black-and-White Cinematography
13:
1719:Piepenburg, Erik (July 15, 2015).
1649:
1593:
1208:
14:
3102:
2468:Something Cloudy, Something Clear
1877:
1156:Reed, Courtney (March 17, 2011).
1060:
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3056:Obscenity controversies in film
2484:In Masks Outrageous and Austere
2444:A Lovely Sunday for Creve Coeur
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268:. It was produced by Kazan and
3036:Films scored by Kenyon Hopkins
2996:American black-and-white films
2937:The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone
2830:The Loss of a Teardrop Diamond
2635:The Loss of a Teardrop Diamond
2502:The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone
1959:
1084:
1072:List of American films of 1956
1015:, based on his screenplay for
444:
304:Despite the moral objections,
1:
3026:American films based on plays
3016:Films about sexual repression
2865:Ten Blocks on the Camino Real
2766:The Roman Spring of Mrs Stone
2619:Ten Blocks on the Camino Real
2528:Hard Candy: A Book of Stories
2508:Moise and the World of Reason
1815:Haberski, Raymond J. (2007).
1419:DVD. Warner Bros. Home Video.
1413:See No Evil: Making Baby Doll
1077:
1027:premiered a stage version of
1006:
544:
479:using numerous alumni of the
439:
290:owners in rural Mississippi.
3076:1950s English-language films
3031:Films directed by Elia Kazan
2814:Last of the Mobile Hot Shots
2372:The Seven Descents of Myrtle
1891:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
1236:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
748:
491:on Broadway the year prior.
422:as Nurse in Doctor's Office
7:
3006:American comedy-drama films
3001:American black comedy films
2380:In the Bar of a Tokyo Hotel
1778:Baby Doll: An Autobiography
1694:Byron, Leigh (2015-09-21).
1684:– New Directions Publishing
1415:(2006), as featured on the
1239:. Los Angeles, California:
1041:
404:Eades Hogue as Town Marshal
193:December 18, 1956
10:
3107:
2798:This Property Is Condemned
2654:The Catastrophe of Success
2476:A House Not Meant to Stand
2452:Clothes for a Summer Hotel
2428:This Is (An Entertainment)
2420:The Red Devil Battery Sign
1768:
1681:Baby Doll & Tiger Tail
617:Catholic Legion of Decency
539:
507:
470:
299:National Legion of Decency
21:Baby Doll (disambiguation)
18:
3046:Films shot in Mississippi
2947:
2840:
2693:
2670:
2661:A Streetcar Named Success
2645:
2562:
2547:One Arm and Other Stories
2517:
2494:
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2130:
1967:
1862:. Boston: Mariner Books.
1534:(257): 14. February 1957.
1528:The Monthly Film Bulletin
1091:Nichols, Peter M. (ed.).
986:
955:
920:
857:
792:
716:The Monthly Film Bulletin
569:Cardinal Francis Spellman
407:Noah Williamson as Deputy
284:The Unsatisfactory Supper
233:
225:
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184:
174:
160:
150:
140:
130:
104:
87:
65:
55:
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40:Theatrical release poster
33:
28:
3041:Films set in Mississippi
2929:A Streetcar Named Desire
2905:A Streetcar Named Desire
2710:A Streetcar Named Desire
2579:A Streetcar Named Desire
2460:The Notebook of Trigorin
2284:A Streetcar Named Desire
2024:A Streetcar Named Desire
1976:A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
1562:: 195. December 8, 1956.
1067:United States portal
465:27 Wagons Full of Cotton
415:(voice only, uncredited)
279:27 Wagons Full of Cotton
71:27 Wagons Full of Cotton
2986:1956 black comedy films
2981:1956 comedy-drama films
2790:The Night of the Iguana
2678:In the Winter of Cities
2356:The Night of the Iguana
1834:Murphy, Brenda (1992).
1775:Baker, Carroll (1983).
1309:"Top Grosses of 1957".
1241:American Film Institute
975:Best Supporting Actress
926:Best Actor – Drama
846:Most Promising Newcomer
813:Best Adapted Screenplay
798:Best Supporting Actress
634:advertisement from 1957
522:Greenville, Mississippi
367:
339:
2412:The Two-Character Play
2236:Not About Nightingales
1479:: 6. December 5, 1956.
1445:Palmer & Bray 2009
1315:: 30. January 8, 1958.
1168:on September 17, 2016.
635:
576:
573:Archbishop of New York
500:Actors Studio alumnus
460:
3066:Southern Gothic films
3021:Films about virginity
2897:Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
2889:Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
2734:Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
2603:Suddenly, Last Summer
2316:Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
2088:Splendor in the Grass
2000:Gentleman's Agreement
1333:Turner Classic Movies
1025:Princeton, New Jersey
939:Best Supporting Actor
745:based on 23 reviews.
630:
600:Motion Picture Herald
575:, protested the film.
567:
536:as a present to her.
452:
377:as Archie Lee Meighan
83:by Tennessee Williams
3081:1950s American films
2782:Sweet Bird of Yourth
2774:Period of Adjustment
2742:Suddenly Last Summer
2684:Androgyne, Mon Amour
2404:Small Craft Warnings
2348:Period of Adjustment
2332:Suddenly Last Summer
2016:Panic in the Streets
1357:Entertainment Weekly
965:New Star of the Year
952:Best Actress – Drama
893:Best Foreign Actress
645:The Ten Commandments
395:as Aunt Rose Comfort
383:as Baby Doll Meighan
301:condemned the film.
19:For other uses, see
2913:Sweet Bird of Youth
2873:The Glass Menagerie
2857:The Glass Menagerie
2822:The Glass Menagerie
2702:The Glass Menagerie
2638:(1957, filmed 2008)
2571:The Glass Menagerie
2340:Sweet Bird of Youth
2260:The Glass Menagerie
2072:A Face in the Crowd
1662:Golden Globe Awards
1495:The Washington Post
1363:on January 14, 2008
1287:, pp. 170–171.
1275:, pp. 169–170.
995:Tennessee Williams
906:Golden Globe Awards
701:The Washington Post
560:Claims of indecency
514:Benoit, Mississippi
332:included it in its
248:is a 1956 American
169:Newtown Productions
3071:Warner Bros. films
2921:Orpheus Descending
2849:Three by Tennessee
2324:Orpheus Descending
2276:Stairs to the Roof
2212:Candles to the Sun
2197:Tennessee Williams
2150:(2010 documentary)
2040:Man on a Tightrope
1914:TCM Movie Database
1725:The New York Times
1560:Harrison's Reports
1462:The New York Times
878:Best Foreign Actor
818:Tennessee Williams
735:Harrison's Reports
687:The New York Times
636:
577:
461:
420:Madeleine Sherwood
329:The New York Times
270:Tennessee Williams
97:Tennessee Williams
60:Tennessee Williams
3086:Films about feuds
2963:
2962:
2750:The Fugitive Kind
2611:The Fugitive Kind
2162:
2161:
2048:On the Waterfront
1869:978-0-544-53578-7
1847:978-0-521-40095-4
1826:978-0-813-13841-1
1807:978-0-292-71921-7
1788:978-0-87795-558-0
1546:Los Angeles Times
1396:, pp. 78–82.
1004:
1003:
729:Los Angeles Times
677:Critical response
584:Cardinal Spellman
530:Mississippi Woman
518:J.C. Burrus house
346:Mississippi Delta
250:black comedy film
241:
240:
3098:
2758:Summer and Smoke
2694:Film Adaptations
2292:Summer and Smoke
2244:Battle of Angels
2189:
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2147:A Letter to Elia
1984:The Sea of Grass
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1548:. Part IV, p. 7.
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1458:Crowther, Bosley
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1359:. Archived from
1353:"Baby, oh, baby"
1348:
1342:
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1326:Steinberg, Jay.
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1162:Cultural Compass
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1096:
1095:. pp. 66–7.
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1021:McCarter Theatre
979:Mildred Dunnock
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413:as Townsman Sid
389:as Silva Vacarro
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2268:You Touched Me!
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1878:External links
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1633:"Film in 1957"
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1513:The New Yorker
1509:McCarten, John
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1601:"1957 Oscars"
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1526:"Baby Doll".
1522:
1515:. p. 60.
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1475:"Baby Doll".
1471:
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1429:"New Picture"
1425:
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1394:Haberski 2007
1390:
1384:, p. 63.
1383:
1382:Haberski 2007
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706:John McCarten
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481:Actors Studio
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274:one-act plays
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258:Carroll Baker
256:and starring
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237:$ 2.3 million
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56:Screenplay by
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44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
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2881:The Migrants
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2220:Spring Storm
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2142:(1967 novel)
2138:
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2112:The Visitors
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2056:East of Eden
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2032:Viva Zapata!
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2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1919:
1908:
1897:
1884:
1859:
1856:Wallach, Eli
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209:Running time
186:Release date
179:Warner Bros.
145:Gene Milford
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2646:Non-fiction
2563:Screenplays
2520:collections
2518:Short story
2436:Vieux Carré
2308:Camino Real
1657:"Baby Doll"
1617:January 13,
1574:"Baby Doll"
1367:January 13,
1328:"Baby Doll"
1231:"Baby Doll"
1203:Murphy 1992
1109:|work=
1037:Tiger Tail.
915:Elia Kazan
883:Karl Malden
851:Eli Wallach
475:Kazan cast
445:Development
431:as Dentist
387:Eli Wallach
375:Karl Malden
266:Eli Wallach
262:Karl Malden
213:114 minutes
122:Eli Wallach
112:Karl Malden
88:Produced by
46:Directed by
2976:1956 films
2970:Categories
2252:Auto-da-Fé
2080:Wild River
1992:Boomerang!
1961:Elia Kazan
1756:October 9,
1730:October 9,
1705:2022-12-04
1191:Baker 1983
1078:References
1033:Emily Mann
1013:Tiger Tail
1007:Stage play
998:Nominated
988:WGA Awards
982:Nominated
959:Nominated
946:Nominated
933:Nominated
900:Nominated
887:Nominated
872:Nominated
835:Nominated
822:Nominated
807:Nominated
790:Nominated
545:Box office
440:Production
288:cotton gin
254:Elia Kazan
234:Box office
197:1956-12-18
162:Production
94:Elia Kazan
81:1946 plays
50:Elia Kazan
2726:Baby Doll
2595:Baby Doll
2195:Works by
2064:Baby Doll
1920:Baby Doll
1909:Baby Doll
1898:Baby Doll
1885:Baby Doll
1858:(2014) .
1417:Baby Doll
1111:ignored (
1101:cite book
1029:Baby Doll
1017:Baby Doll
868:Baby Doll
863:Best Film
759:Category
749:Accolades
721:Baby Doll
671:Baby Doll
650:Baby Doll
591:Baby Doll
589:Although
580:Baby Doll
550:Baby Doll
534:Baby Doll
477:Baby Doll
458:Baby Doll
324:Baby Doll
316:and four
306:Baby Doll
295:Baby Doll
245:Baby Doll
141:Edited by
29:Baby Doll
2663:" (1947)
2656:" (1947)
1925:AllMovie
1667:Archived
1643:Archived
1611:Archived
1585:June 26,
1338:Archived
1245:Archived
1042:See also
713:wanes."
632:Drive-in
502:Rip Torn
429:Rip Torn
226:Language
151:Music by
105:Starring
66:Based on
2948:Related
2396:Out Cry
1912:at the
1888:at the
1769:Sources
1477:Variety
1312:Variety
1145:TCM.com
1141:"Notes"
765:Result
692:Variety
622:Variety
611:' and '
540:Release
516:at the
508:Filming
471:Casting
401:as Rock
344:In the
229:English
218:Country
195: (
164:company
2940:(2003)
2932:(1995)
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2671:Poetry
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661:Sweden
613:nigger
2806:Boom!
2627:Boom!
2204:Plays
2131:Other
2008:Pinky
1968:Films
1464:: 39.
1903:IMDb
1864:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1802:ISBN
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1758:2018
1732:2018
1619:2020
1587:2024
1433:Time
1369:2020
1113:help
969:Won
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855:Won
769:Ref.
666:Time
605:Code
595:MPAA
368:Cast
340:Plot
282:and
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