840:
38:
1111:
1107:
Oxenstierna's own words, his "cool" balanced the king's "heat". More than once, the chancellor had to realize plans of the king, plans that sometimes were highly spontaneous and far from ready to be implemented in reality. When it came to entering the Thirty Years' War, Oxenstierna was not as enthusiastic as the king, but since the king's will was decisive, Oxenstierna accommodated himself to
Gustavus's wish. At times, Oxenstierna stepped in to ease tense relations that the harsh behaviour of the king had caused. He regularly received the highest praise for his work from the king and there was almost no area in which King Gustavus did not consult his Lord High Chancellor Oxenstierna.
503:
334:
895:
308:
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551:
1608:
1202:?). Although attributed to Cardinal Richelieu as well, this is probably the most famous Swedish quotation in the English-speaking world. The words were intended to encourage his son, a delegate to the negotiations that would lead to the Peace of Westphalia, who worried about his ability to hold his own amidst experienced and eminent statesmen and diplomats.
683:, with plenipotentiary authority over all the German generals and princes in the Swedish service. Although he never fought a battle, he frustrated all the efforts of the Spanish troops by using strategically successful regulations. He managed to conduct large reinforcements to King Gustavus through the heart of Germany in the summer of 1632.
539:). Oxenstierna's first big task as Chancellor was to achieve peace in some of the wars. The war against Denmark was considered the most dangerous of the three as the enemy-controlled parts of Sweden itself. Negotiations began in Knäred and Oxenstierna was first Swedish plenipotentiary. The negotiations led to the
1151:
When he discovered that there were too few young noblemen to staff governmental positions, he worked to make it easier for boys outside the noble families to gain higher education, and gave them the possibility, eventually, to be raised to the nobility themselves. He could therefore be considered the
1093:
Axel
Oxenstierna is perhaps most remembered for the establishment of a uniform administrative system. He was ever-present during the vast reforms of the 1610s and 1620s, when the Swedish government was hugely modernized and made more effective. This was necessary for the war policies that would build
731:
Oxenstierna more directly claimed his place within the regency of Queen
Christina and became the young queen's teacher in statesmanship. His presence at home dominated all opposition, and such was the general confidence for Oxenstierna, that for the next nine years his voice, especially as regarding
713:
in 1634. However, Oxenstierna's opinion, that Sweden should remain in the war to ensure compensation for the sacrifices made, prevailed. The, for the
Swedish side, disastrous outcome at Nördlingen brought him, for an instant, to the verge of ruin and compelled him for the first time so far to depart
1147:
Oxenstierna is regarded as a brilliant pragmatist, willing to reconsider his positions. There are examples of discussions within the Privy
Council when Oxenstierna rejected laws he himself had earlier introduced, admitting that he knew better now. His way of examining, reconsidering, testing, and
1340:
in which he attempts to organize a counter-revolution to restore the supremacy of the aristocrats while Gustav II Adolf is incapacitated, but Gustav Adolf recovers and in chapter 52 Oxenstierna is properly rewarded for his treason, along with three of his staff officers who started to draw their
1138:
was clarified. Five governmental branches, of which the Great
Officers became heads, were established. Oxenstierna pushed through the Instrument of Government, but not without opposition. He claimed that the new form of government reflected the will of the late King Gustavus, making himself the
659:
in the summer of 1630, tolls from
Oxenstierna-controlled Prussia, as well as food supplies acquired by Oxenstierna, were pivotal assets. He had also obtained credits from foreign businessmen, ensuring large sums of money making it possible to hire mercenary soldiers to the army used in Germany.
634:
Oxenstierna was not only highly successful within the diplomacy. During these years, he was entrusted with various important assignments in which he succeeded, such as gathering money and troops for the attack in
Prussia in 1626. He played the leading organizational and administrational role in
411:, both of which had held high offices in the state and the church for generations. After the death of her husband Gustaf, Axel's mother Barbro decided to let Axel and his brothers Christer and Gustaf finish their studies abroad. Thus, the brothers received their education at the universities of
1106:
Oxenstierna would not have had such an impact unless he had won the king's trust. From 1612, when
Oxenstierna was appointed Lord High Chancellor, until 1632, when King Gustavus Adolphus died, the two men struck a long and successful partnership. They seem to have complemented each other. With
615:. Entrusted with the peace negotiations which led to the truce with Poland in 1623, he succeeded in averting a threatened rupture with Denmark in 1624. The Polish-Swedish War was reinitiated in 1626, and on 7 October that year, Oxenstierna became Governor-General in the newly acquired
709:, a new constitution. During the years after the king's death, it became apparent that differences of opinion existed within the council. Some of Oxenstierna's colleagues recommended that Sweden should seek peace and withdraw from the war in Germany, not least after the defeat at
694:, which in practice became the new Swedish capital. Oxenstierna was now absolute ruler of the significant area that the Swedish army had conquered in Germany. He was offered the position as prince-elector of Mainz, but, after serious considerations, the offer was turned down.
1904:
690:, on 6 November 1632, Gustavus Adolphus died. This meant that Oxenstierna became supreme commander of the Swedish troops in Germany, although he let his subordinate generals be responsible for the military operations on a lower level. He moved his headquarters to
791:
in
October when the Royal Swedish Navy decisively defeated the Danish Navy. The defeat of the Danish Navy left the Danish isles open to a Swedish invasion, and Denmark sued for peace. The end of the war rested on the power of the Dutch naval dominance by Admiral
1964:
1934:
1488:
718:
needed the Swedish armies as much as he himself needed money, he refused at the Conference of Compiègne in 1635 to bind his hands in the future for the sake of some slight present relief. In 1636, nevertheless, he concluded a fresh subsidy-treaty with France at
1094:
the Swedish Empire. Among the areas reformed were army and navy organization and recruiting, trade and industrial policies, regional and local administration, the system of higher education, and the judicial system. The boundaries of the administrative
723:. Swedish troops remained in Germany all the way until 1648 and the Thirty Years' War's end. Oxenstierna, however, left Germany and returned to Stockholm in 1636, after ten years duty as premier Swedish representative in Prussia and Germany.
594:
with everything necessary, including men and money. Oxenstierna's ways of carrying out his assignments apparently gained King Gustavus's appreciation, since the king, in 1622, asked Oxenstierna to accompany him to Livonia and appointed him
494:
had not reached the proper age to be considered adult enough to rule as king. However, the estates agreed to disregard those rules. In return, the young king agreed to ensure the nobles further privileges and appoint Axel Oxenstierna
881:
to Christina's undue interference. When the queen, a few years later, wanted to abdicate, Oxenstierna at first opposed this because he feared mischief to Sweden from the unruly and adventurous disposition of her preferred successor,
1912:
1972:
1942:
1496:
478:), on King Charles's behalf, to receive tributes from the city of Reval and the Estonian knighthood. Together with other councillors, Oxenstierna tried to warn the king of Denmark and the intentions of Danish King
335:
403:, the son of Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna (1551–1597) and Barbro Axelsdotter Bielke (1556–1624), as the oldest of nine siblings. His parents belonged to the ancient and influential high noble families of
852:
When Christina came of age, she tried to push Oxenstierna, her old mentor, aside. The relations between the two were not good and Oxenstierna always attributed the exiguousness of Sweden's gains under the
886:. The chancellor changed his mind about Charles Gustav, however, and gave Christina the help she needed to go through with her abdication. Oxenstierna died two months after the ascension of the new king.
1849:
566:(1614–1616) Oxenstierna acted as his viceroy. One assignment Oxenstierna received while the king was in Livonia, was the task to finalize the negotiations regarding the marriage of
1875:
519:) of the Privy Council. His controlling, organizing hand soon became apparent in every branch of the administration. Sweden was at the time troubled by three wars against
441:, reflecting the importance of the Scottish expatriate community in Sweden at that time. As Chancellor, he would regularly receive correspondence in Scots from his agent
1303:
2090:
Classical and Foreign Quotations, Law Terms and Maxims, Proverbs, Mottoes, Phrases, and Expression in French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Spanish, and Portuguese
2168:
543:
in 1613. For his efforts regarding these negotiations, Oxenstierna received the title of district judge in the hundred of Snävringe and, eventually, the barony of
72:
567:
1198:"Do you not know, my son, with how very little wisdom the world is governed?" (in a letter to his son Johan written in 1648; in the original Latin it reads:
2382:
957:
On 5 June 1608 Axel Oxenstierna married Anna Åkesdotter Bååt, the daughter of nobleman Åke Johansson Bååt and Christina Trolle. The wedding took place at
490:. In the fall of 1611, King Charles died. Around New Year 1611–12, the parliament had to deal with the situation. According to the rules, the 17-year-old
2135:
647:), where Oxenstierna resided and from where he governed the Swedish parts of Prussia, became a major Swedish centre of power, second only to Stockholm.
2185:
84:
756:
in 1613. Whatever the reason, Oxenstierna considered the time was right to finally settle the score with Denmark. Swedish troops led by Field Marshal
603:, a strategically important town during the ongoing war against Poland. His services in Livonia gained him the reward of four castles (among others
2062:
667:
on 7 September 1631, Oxenstierna received a summons to assist the king with his counsels and co-operation in Germany. During the king's absence in
2342:
1816:
1623:
486:
with the aim of preventing war with the neighbours, but unsuccessfully. The following year, Danish forces crossed the border, initiating the
375:; he is also credited for having laid the foundations of the modern central administrative structure of the State, including the creation of
2327:
1215:
Oxenstierna has been portrayed on the stage and on the screen several times, mainly due to his role as mentor and guardian to the enigmatic
2387:
1882:
1632:
2352:
2367:
2372:
1663:
1561:
532:
363:
Oxenstierna is widely considered one of the most influential people in Swedish history. He played an important role during the
1032:
Oxenstierna was in possession of large estates and many mansions. During his life he owned palaces in, among others, Estonian
2357:
748:
was at large parts the work of Oxenstierna. The purpose was to gain territories from Denmark and be released from the Danish
596:
1994:
839:
805:
37:
2377:
635:
Prussia, as he had done earlier in Livonia. He was in charge of, for example, tolls, fortifications and the entire state
1295:, Oxenstierna is portrayed as a cold realist criticising Christina's extravagant lifestyle and her gifts to favourites.
307:
2362:
1139:
interpreter of the king's thoughts and wishes, and leaving the opposition no possibility to control the truth in this.
528:
446:
474:). Henceforth, Oxenstierna became one of the king's most trusted servants. In 1609 he travelled to Reval (present day
2103:
1801:
1773:
1748:
1723:
1148:
sometimes rejecting his earlier opinions constitutes his legacy more than his ideas on particular points of policy.
559:
1861:
1131:
706:
571:
2175:
2149:
1017:
496:
349:
49:
1838:
1827:
1110:
710:
2397:
1069:
986:
974:(24 June 1611 – 5 December 1657), named after his deceased brother, became a privy councillor.
583:
1186:, said that if all ministers of Europe were on the same ship, the helm would be handed to Oxenstierna. Pope
992:
Catharina (29 June 1612 – 25 June 1661), twin with Christina, married Johan Jespersson Cruus.
1162:
In Germany, Oxenstierna became a fear-evoking character in a derived version of the popular German lullaby
664:
2332:
2232:
2205:
1135:
783:
were sent as envoy to Oxenstierna and the queen to mediate between Sweden and Denmark. Oxenstierna spoke
502:
368:
353:
154:
112:
97:
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2009:
2347:
2143:
1483:
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1479:
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1471:
1469:
1312:
1216:
978:
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357:
102:
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and other German royal courts. While on diplomatic duty abroad, Oxenstierna gained appointment to the
2392:
1466:
445:, and he ventured into the language himself for an official letter to his Scottish counterpart, the
1817:
Abraham Jacob van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden (BWN), (1878), volume 1-2, p 517
1336:
1326:
1163:
788:
2014:
961:, owned by the Oxenstierna family. They had 13 children, of which five survived their childhoods:
934:, several members of the Oxenstierna family have been buried, including Axel and his spouse Anna.
714:
from his policy of independence as to solicit direct assistance from France. But, well aware that
396:
217:
2337:
1374:
1053:
951:
927:
733:
702:
631:
with Denmark to prevent that important fortress from falling into the hands of the Imperialists.
467:
345:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1229:
982:
442:
1098:
still to a large extent follow the boundaries established by Oxenstierna in the 17th century.
2402:
2088:
1351:
616:
1613:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1511:
2322:
2317:
1671:
1281:
656:
627:
with Poland-Lithuania. Prior to this, in September 1628, he arranged a joint occupation of
431:
364:
8:
1369:
1077:
854:
757:
698:
1126:
The Chancellor made large contributions to the Standing orders of the House of Knights (
753:
540:
1619:
1179:
1095:
833:
715:
591:
586:. During the king's Russian and Polish wars he had the principal duty of supplying the
437:
One of Oxenstierna's more unusual intellectual qualifications was his knowledge of the
376:
1256:
2275:
1797:
1769:
1744:
1719:
1299:
1288:
1130:) of 1626. After the death of Gustavus Adolphus, Oxenstierna was the mind behind the
971:
965:
Gustaf (29 March 1609 – 1629), the oldest child, became a chamberlain.
894:
858:
705:
ruled Sweden. This council was headed by Lord High Chancellor Oxenstierna, who wrote
491:
259:
1553:
1524:
1224:
1183:
883:
697:
When King Gustavus died in November 1632, his only legitimate and surviving child,
624:
620:
424:
380:
328:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1182:
called him "an inexhaustible source of fine advice", while Richelieu's successor,
832:. Sweden had unrestricted access to the North Sea and was no longer encircled by
1252:
947:
25:
919:
899:
1386:
1364:
1273:
1247:
1242:
1190:
claimed that Oxenstierna was one of the most excellent men the world had seen.
776:
745:
438:
2142:
1061:
1057:
836:. Shortly after the peace treaty, Oxenstierna was created Count of Södermöre.
288:
2311:
1965:"Oxenstierna Family Website – Christina Axelsdotter Oxenstierna af Södermöre"
1935:"Oxenstierna Family Website – Catharina Axelsdotter Oxenstierna af Södermöre"
1636:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 401–402.
1627:
1614:
1307:
1261:
958:
923:
874:
793:
780:
930:, where a vault had been built in accordance with his wishes. In the vault,
825:
1525:
Hofberg, Herman; Frithiof Heurlin; Viktor Millqvist; Olof Rubenson (1906).
1238:
1175:
1156:
801:
587:
574:. At the coronation of Gustavus Adolphus, in October 1617, Oxenstierna was
479:
2111:
878:
804:. Oxenstierna was personally involved in the negotiations leading to the
2029:
1792:
Ericson Wolke, Lars; Larsson, Villstrand (2006). Historiska Media (ed.).
1764:
Ericson Wolke, Lars; Larsson, Villstrand (2006). Historiska Media (ed.).
1739:
Ericson Wolke, Lars; Larsson, Villstrand (2006). Historiska Media (ed.).
1714:
Ericson Wolke, Lars; Larsson, Villstrand (2006). Historiska Media (ed.).
1355:
has several in-game events related to Oxenstierna's reforms and regency.
1234:
1220:
1073:
1033:
784:
636:
536:
463:
404:
821:
1787:
1785:
1489:"Oxenstierna Family Website – Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna af Södermöre"
1187:
1121:
1115:
1049:
915:
903:
749:
701:, was almost six years old. Until her declaration of majority at 18, a
524:
510:
487:
483:
416:
2036:
1526:
1412:
797:
744:
In May 1643, the Swedish Privy Council decided to attack Denmark. The
550:
1037:
1016:
Erik (13 January 1624 – 23 October 1656), served as a
911:
680:
668:
628:
604:
238:
1782:
1041:
787:, Christina Dutch. The outcome of the war was decided in the naval
640:
1732:
1065:
1045:
817:
809:
608:
752:. Another factor might have been a will to avenge the tough peace
650:
612:
2236:
1178:
considered Oxenstierna "the greatest man of the century". French
977:
Christina (29 June 1612 – 8 August 1631), married
829:
813:
761:
672:
563:
520:
475:
412:
400:
372:
221:
158:
1791:
1763:
1757:
1738:
1713:
1447:
1862:"Oude kaart Denemarken geschiedenis 17e-eeuw originele gravure"
1554:"Nostra Vulgari Lingua: Scots as a European Language 1500–1700"
1527:"Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon – Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna"
870:
866:
862:
769:
720:
579:
575:
544:
408:
1850:
Witte de With in the 'Brederode' leaving the Vlie, 9 June 1645
1004:
Son (1617), either stillborn or died immediately after birth.
691:
341:
1558:
Scottish Language 18 pp. 1–16, reprinted at scots-online.org
2209:
1101:
600:
515:
On 6 January 1612 Oxenstierna became Lord High Chancellor (
457:
420:
116:
1601:
1599:
995:
Beata (22 November 1613 – 15 January 1617).
800:
in July to support the Dutch and Swedish point of view, a
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
918:, Stockholm on 18 March 1655. His body was then moved to
423:. On returning home in 1603 he took up an appointment as
1072:, who had returned from a Swedish trading expedition to
998:
Barbro (12 February 1615 – 21 June 1617).
2063:"Ochsenstern im Wiegenlied "Schlaf, Kindlein, Schlaf!""
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1709:
1576:
1200:
An nescis, mi fili, quantilla prudentia mundus regatur
1134:, in which, for example, the organization of the five
898:
Oxenstierna is interred in the family burial vault in
462:
In 1606 he undertook his first diplomatic mission, to
352:
from 1612 until his death. He was a confidant of King
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
847:
582:
to arrange the nuptial contract between Gustavus and
1545:
1431:
1122:
The mind behind the Instrument of Government of 1634
511:
1612–1629: Lord High Chancellor and Governor-General
1159:and a believer in immigration and free enterprise.
1796:(in Swedish). Historiska media. pp. 191–199.
1718:(in Swedish). Historiska media. pp. 145–148.
1686:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1413:"Nordisk Familjebok – Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna"
1013:Jakob (30 July 1621 – August 1621).
1876:"Antique map of Scandinavia by Blaeu W. & J."
2309:
1640:
1531:Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon at runeberg.org
1166:, in which he is referred to as "Ochsenstern".
651:1630–1636: Oxenstierna in the Thirty Years' War
1670:(in Swedish). Populär Historia. Archived from
1088:
578:. In 1620 he headed the embassy dispatched to
1768:(in Swedish). Historiska media. p. 180.
1743:(in Swedish). Historiska media. p. 125.
1169:
732:foreign affairs, remained omnipotent in the
726:
558:During the frequent absences of Gustavus in
1302:part of Oxenstierna was first performed by
1024:Axel Oxenstierna's wife Anna died in 1649.
1020:after the death of his father Axel in 1654.
390:
1905:"Oxenstierna Family Website – Jäder kyrka"
1661:
768:was in charge of the troops that attacked
36:
2093:, London: Whitaker and Sons, 1887, p. 40.
1551:
395:Oxenstierna was born on 16 June 1583, at
340:; 1583–1654) was a Swedish statesman and
2007:
1971:(in Swedish and English). Archived from
1941:(in Swedish and English). Archived from
1911:(in Swedish and English). Archived from
1495:(in Swedish and English). Archived from
1109:
1102:Relationship with King Gustavus Adolphus
946:
893:
838:
623:. In 1629 he concluded the advantageous
549:
501:
458:1606–1611: Diplomat and Privy Councillor
344:of Södermöre. He became a member of the
2383:Swedish people of the Thirty Years' War
1324:Oxenstierna figures prominently in the
1205:
1001:Åke (March 1616 – 1617).
639:. During the latter part of the 1620s,
2343:Members of the Privy Council of Sweden
2310:
2136:The Correspondence of Axel Oxenstierna
1624:Oxenstjerna s.v. Count Axel Gustafsson
914:on 28 August 1654. He was interred in
1810:
327:
2138:– at the National Archives of Sweden
2037:"Nordisk Familjebok – Riksämbetsmän"
1618:
1334:until the fifth main sequence novel
1155:Oxenstierna was also a supporter of
1083:
1056:). The foremost of the mansions was
482:. In 1610, Oxenstierna travelled to
360:, for whom he was at first regent.
2388:Court of Christina, Queen of Sweden
1454:(in Swedish). Nationalencyklopedien
1010:Gabriel (born and died March 1620).
968:Johan (born and died 17 June 1610).
922:close to the Oxenstierna estate at
675:in 1632 he held the appointment of
13:
2041:Nordisk Familjebok at runeberg.org
1417:Nordisk Familjebok at runeberg.org
1276:(1764–1816) played Oxenstierna in
1007:Maria (born and died August 1618).
848:Queen Christina and her abdication
764:from Germany, while Field Marshal
14:
2414:
2328:People from Enköping Municipality
2129:
1564:from the original on 16 July 2011
739:
2353:17th-century Swedish politicians
2010:"Den svenske slavhandelns fader"
1606:
1132:Instrument of Government of 1634
937:
570:and the king's sister, Princess
554:King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
306:
2368:University of Wittenberg alumni
2096:
2081:
2055:
2008:Granberg, Mats (17 July 2014).
2001:
1987:
1957:
1927:
1897:
1868:
1854:
1843:
1832:
1821:
1152:father of Swedish meritocracy.
707:Instrument of Government (1634)
2373:People from the Swedish Empire
2150:New International Encyclopedia
1284:who was an active playwright.
1210:
877:− following the conference in
497:Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
350:Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
50:Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
1:
1319:
1174:Dutch jurist and philosopher
1027:
611:) and the whole bishopric of
584:Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
329:[ˈǎksɛlˈʊ̂ksɛnˌɧæːɳa]
16:Swedish statesman (1583–1654)
2358:University of Rostock alumni
2087:William Francis Henry King,
1237:as the female lead role, by
1193:
7:
2065:(in German). Archived from
1662:Wetterberg, Gunnar (2005).
1358:
1349:The computer strategy game
1268:
1142:
1136:Great Officers of the Realm
1114:Portrait of Oxenstierna by
1089:The modernization of Sweden
1052:(Nousis) and in Stockholm (
321:Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna
10:
2419:
2378:Christina, Queen of Sweden
2176:Realm Chancellor of Sweden
1313:Cristina, regina di Svezia
1170:Opinions about Oxenstierna
2363:University of Jena alumni
2298:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2230:
2224:
2216:
2203:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2144:"Oxenstierna, Axel"
1664:"Den mäktige Oxenstierna"
1552:Horsburgh, David (1999).
1330:hypernovel by Eric Flint
1164:Schlaf, Kindlein, Schlaf!
942:
843:Queen Christina of Sweden
727:1636–1654: Back in Sweden
452:
314:
302:
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78:
66:
55:
48:
44:
35:
23:
1839:Johan de Witt in Zweden
1828:Johan de Witt in Zweden
1560:(in Scots and English).
1380:
1344:
1337:1636: The Saxon Uprising
1227:'s 1933 Hollywood movie
932:Oxenstiernska gravvalvet
889:
789:Battle of Fehmarn (1644)
655:When Sweden entered the
506:Axel Oxenstierna in 1626
391:Early life and education
1633:Encyclopædia Britannica
1375:Axel Oxenstierna palace
1304:Giovanni Carlo Casanova
928:Eskilstuna Municipality
688:Battle of Lützen (1632)
2169:Svante Turesson Bielke
1118:
954:
907:
844:
555:
507:
384:
348:in 1609 and served as
266:Christina Oxenstierna,
264:Catharina Oxenstierna,
73:Svante Turesson Bielke
30:Count Axel Oxenstierna
2015:Norrköpings Tidningar
1352:Europa Universalis IV
1113:
950:
897:
857:− Sweden gained only
842:
828:and for thirty years
665:Battle of Breitenfeld
553:
505:
346:Swedish Privy Council
2398:17th-century regents
1879:www.sanderusmaps.com
1282:Gustav III of Sweden
1280:(1790), by the King
1206:Fictional portrayals
1054:Oxenstiernska Palace
1018:Lord High Chancellor
952:Oxenstiernska Palace
910:Oxenstierna died in
432:Charles IX of Sweden
276:Gabriel Oxenstierna,
249:Anna Åkesdotter Bååt
2263:Count of Södermöre
2252:Titles of nobility
2193:Government offices
2114:on 19 February 2012
1794:Trettioåriga kriget
1766:Trettioåriga kriget
1741:Trettioåriga kriget
1716:Trettioåriga kriget
1620:Bain, Robert Nisbet
1370:Dominions of Sweden
1219:. He was played by
987:Lord High Constable
855:Peace of Westphalia
806:Treaty of Brömsebro
796:who arrived in the
758:Lennart Torstensson
270:Barbro Oxenstierna,
257:Gustaf Oxenstierna,
2333:Oxenstierna family
2161:Political offices
2069:on 2 December 2013
2043:(in Swedish). 1916
1668:popularhistoria.se
1448:"Axel Oxenstierna"
1419:(in Swedish). 1914
1278:Drottning Kristina
1180:Cardinal Richelieu
1119:
1096:counties of Sweden
955:
908:
845:
617:Swedish possession
599:and commandant of
556:
533:Polish-Swedish War
508:
367:and was appointed
278:Jakob Oxenstierna,
274:Maria Oxenstierna,
268:Beata Oxenstierna,
26:The High Well Born
2348:Swedish diplomats
2306:
2305:
2301:Johan Oxenstierna
2299:Succeeded by
2276:Johan Oxenstierna
2273:Succeeded by
2244:Succeeded by
2217:Succeeded by
2183:Succeeded by
1289:August Strindberg
1084:Impact and legacy
1078:enslaved Africans
926:, in present-day
859:Western Pomerania
657:Thirty Years' War
492:Gustavus Adolphus
365:Thirty Years' War
354:Gustavus Adolphus
318:
317:
260:Johan Oxenstierna
98:Gustavus Adolphus
2410:
2393:Royal favourites
2289:Baron of Kimito
2246:Office abolished
2233:Governor-General
2225:Preceded by
2206:Governor-General
2198:Preceded by
2186:Erik Oxenstierna
2166:Preceded by
2158:
2157:
2154:
2146:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2110:. Archived from
2100:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1881:. Archived from
1872:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1711:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1659:
1638:
1637:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1485:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1225:Rouben Mamoulian
1184:Cardinal Mazarin
1128:riddarhusordning
1080:to Oxenstierna.
902:, north-east of
884:Charles X Gustav
812:. Sweden gained
760:attacked Danish
754:Treaty of Knäred
625:Truce of Altmark
597:Governor-General
541:Treaty of Knäred
529:Poland-Lithuania
425:valet de chambre
369:Governor-General
339:
338:
337:
331:
326:
310:
280:Erik Oxenstierna
272:Åke Oxenstierna,
235:
214:
212:
200:Personal details
191:Office abolished
188:
178:
169:
155:Governor-General
146:
136:
127:
113:Governor-General
85:Erik Oxenstierna
81:
69:
60:
40:
21:
20:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2278:
2269:
2265:
2247:
2240:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2201:
2188:
2179:
2171:
2141:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1975:on 27 July 2011
1969:oxenstierna.org
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1945:on 27 July 2011
1939:oxenstierna.org
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1915:on 27 July 2011
1909:oxenstierna.org
1903:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1885:on 5 March 2016
1874:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1712:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1674:on 27 June 2007
1660:
1641:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1523:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1499:on 27 July 2011
1493:oxenstierna.org
1487:
1486:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1387:
1383:
1361:
1347:
1322:
1271:
1257:Mika Kaurismäki
1253:Michael Nyqvist
1230:Queen Christina
1217:Queen Christina
1213:
1208:
1196:
1172:
1145:
1124:
1104:
1091:
1086:
1030:
945:
940:
892:
850:
742:
729:
703:regency council
653:
513:
460:
455:
447:Earl of Loudoun
443:Sir James Spens
428:(kammarjunkare)
393:
358:Queen Christina
333:
332:
324:
279:
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275:
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79:
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56:
31:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
2416:
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2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2338:Swedish counts
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2229:
2226:
2222:
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2218:
2215:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2139:
2131:
2130:External links
2128:
2126:
2125:
2108:Dramawebben.se
2095:
2080:
2054:
2028:
2000:
1986:
1956:
1926:
1896:
1867:
1853:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1802:
1781:
1774:
1756:
1749:
1731:
1724:
1685:
1639:
1628:Chisholm, Hugh
1575:
1544:
1510:
1465:
1430:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Swedish Empire
1360:
1357:
1346:
1343:
1321:
1318:
1310:'s 1849 opera
1274:Samuel Ahlgren
1270:
1267:
1251:(1974) and by
1248:The Abdication
1243:Anthony Harvey
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1171:
1168:
1144:
1141:
1123:
1120:
1103:
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1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1076:, gifted four
1029:
1026:
1022:
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1014:
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996:
993:
990:
975:
969:
966:
944:
941:
939:
936:
891:
888:
849:
846:
834:Denmark–Norway
808:at a creek in
777:Andries Bicker
775:In July 1644,
746:Torstenson War
741:
740:Torstenson War
738:
728:
725:
652:
649:
535:) and Russia (
512:
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255:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
236:(aged 71)
232:28 August 1654
230:
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193:
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189:
183:
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181:Office created
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1884:
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1829:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1805:
1803:91-85377-37-6
1799:
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1775:91-85377-37-6
1771:
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1654:
1652:
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1625:
1621:
1616:
1615:public domain
1602:
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1598:
1596:
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1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:Jacopo Foroni
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1291:'s 1901 play
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:The Girl King
1258:
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1070:Louis De Geer
1067:
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1048:, in Finnish
1047:
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1036:, in Latvian
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1019:
1015:
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959:Fiholm Castle
953:
949:
938:Personal life
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781:Jacob de Witt
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734:Privy Council
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2403:Slave owners
2293:1st creation
2292:
2288:
2283:
2267:1st creation
2266:
2262:
2257:
2231:
2204:
2174:
2148:
2116:. Retrieved
2112:the original
2107:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2040:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2013:
2003:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1968:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:the original
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:the original
1908:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:the original
1878:
1870:
1856:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1812:
1793:
1765:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1715:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:the original
1667:
1631:
1566:. Retrieved
1557:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1533:(in Swedish)
1530:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1492:
1456:. Retrieved
1451:
1421:. Retrieved
1416:
1350:
1348:
1335:
1331:
1327:Ring of Fire
1325:
1323:
1311:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1272:
1260:
1246:
1239:Cyril Cusack
1228:
1214:
1199:
1197:
1176:Hugo Grotius
1173:
1161:
1157:mercantilism
1154:
1150:
1146:
1127:
1125:
1105:
1092:
1031:
1023:
956:
931:
920:Jäder Church
909:
900:Jäder Church
851:
802:free passage
774:
743:
730:
696:
685:
676:
662:
654:
644:
633:
568:John Casimir
557:
516:
514:
480:Christian IV
471:
461:
436:
427:
394:
371:of occupied
362:
320:
319:
234:(1654-08-28)
215:16 June 1583
187:Succeeded by
166:
145:Succeeded by
124:
80:Succeeded by
57:
18:
2323:1654 deaths
2318:1583 births
2118:15 December
2073:12 November
1997:. May 2022.
1235:Greta Garbo
1221:Lewis Stone
1211:Film and TV
1074:West Africa
1064:. In 1647,
1062:Västmanland
1058:Tidö Castle
979:Gustav Horn
785:High German
766:Gustav Horn
637:grain trade
537:Ingrian War
517:Rikskansler
464:Mecklenburg
405:Oxenstierna
289:Tidö Castle
177:Preceded by
135:Preceded by
68:Preceded by
2312:Categories
2296:1614–1654
2270:1645–1654
2241:1626–1631
2214:1622–1626
2180:1612–1654
2104:"Kristina"
1995:"geni.com"
1889:7 December
1320:Literature
1188:Urban VIII
1116:David Beck
1050:Nousiainen
1028:Properties
916:Storkyrkan
904:Eskilstuna
826:Härjedalen
750:Sound Dues
711:Nördlingen
663:After the
525:Kalmar War
488:Kalmar War
484:Copenhagen
417:Wittenberg
295:Occupation
211:1583-06-16
2284:New title
2258:New title
2227:New title
1622:(1911). "
1194:Quotation
1068:merchant
1066:Wallonian
1038:Burtnieki
912:Stockholm
879:Osnabrück
716:Richelieu
699:Christina
681:Rhineland
669:Franconia
643:(German:
629:Stralsund
605:Burtnieki
572:Catharina
472:Riksrådet
356:and then
303:Signature
298:Statesman
285:Residence
239:Stockholm
171:1626–1631
167:In office
129:1622–1626
125:In office
103:Christina
62:1612–1654
58:In office
1562:Archived
1359:See also
1293:Kristina
1269:On stage
1265:(2015).
1143:Opinions
1046:Valmiera
822:Jämtland
820:(Ösel),
818:Saaremaa
810:Blekinge
609:Valmiera
590:and the
576:knighted
430:to King
377:counties
325:Swedish:
254:Children
241:, Sweden
224:, Sweden
91:Monarchs
2237:Prussia
2153:. 1905.
2021:21 July
1979:25 June
1949:25 June
1919:25 June
1630:(ed.).
1617::
1568:30 June
1503:25 June
1233:, with
830:Halland
814:Gotland
762:Jutland
686:In the
679:in the
677:legatus
673:Bavaria
621:Prussia
564:Finland
562:and in
560:Livonia
521:Denmark
476:Tallinn
413:Rostock
401:Uppland
381:Swedish
373:Prussia
222:Uppland
159:Prussia
2047:4 July
1800:
1772:
1747:
1722:
1678:2 July
1626:". In
1611:
1537:2 July
1458:4 July
1423:2 July
1341:guns.
1332:et al.
1042:Ropaži
1034:Otepää
943:Family
924:Fiholm
871:Wismar
867:Wollin
863:Usedom
770:Scania
721:Wismar
645:Elbing
641:Elbląg
613:Wenden
592:fleets
588:armies
580:Berlin
545:Kimito
453:Career
409:Bielke
246:Spouse
1452:ne.se
1381:Notes
1345:Games
972:Johan
890:Death
798:Sound
692:Mainz
342:Count
2210:Riga
2120:2015
2075:2013
2049:2009
2023:2021
1981:2009
1951:2009
1921:2009
1891:2015
1798:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1720:ISBN
1680:2009
1570:2011
1539:2009
1505:2009
1460:2009
1425:2009
1300:bass
1298:The
1044:and
985:and
873:and
779:and
671:and
607:and
601:Riga
421:Jena
419:and
407:and
397:Fånö
229:Died
218:Fånö
205:Born
117:Riga
2235:of
2208:of
1306:in
1287:In
1259:'s
1255:in
1245:'s
1241:in
1223:in
1060:in
772:.
619:of
527:),
399:in
387:).
385:län
157:of
115:of
2314::
2147:.
2106:.
2039:.
2012:.
1967:.
1937:.
1907:.
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1688:^
1666:.
1642:^
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1491:.
1468:^
1450:.
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1415:.
1388:^
1316:.
1040:,
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869:,
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547:.
499:.
449:.
434:.
415:,
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220:,
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2122:.
2077:.
2051:.
2025:.
1983:.
1953:.
1923:.
1893:.
1864:.
1806:.
1778:.
1753:.
1728:.
1682:.
1572:.
1541:.
1507:.
1462:.
1427:.
989:.
906:.
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