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Members of the genus are among the most salt-tolerant mangroves and are often the first to colonise new deposits of sediment. The sap is salty, and excess salt is secreted through the leaves. The spreading root system provides stability in shifting
951:
397:, and are pollinated by insects. The embryos exhibit cryptovivipary, a process where they start to develop before the seed is shed, but do not break through the outside of the fruit capsule.
393:
project from the mud, thus the term "pencil roots". These are used in gas exchange as very little oxygen is available in the mud. The flowers are fragrant and rich in
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952:"Phylogenetic Relationships of the Mangrove Family Avicenniaceae Based on Chloroplast and Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences"
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Mangrove and wetland wildlife at Sungei Buloh Nature Park. Retrieved 2012-02-08,
326:, but more recently has been placed by some botanists in the monogeneric family
422:
367:
300:
79:
967:
1437:
1075:
797:"Avicennia marina subsp. eucalyptifolia (Valeton) J.Everett — The Plant List"
390:
331:
169:
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Designation of species is made difficult by the great variations in form of
1381:
322:
is contentious. In some classifications, it has been placed in the family
292:
1262:
1124:
1084:
779:"Avicennia marina subsp. australasica (Walp.) J.Everett — The Plant List"
339:
323:
273:
138:
884:"Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke — The Plant List"
1241:
360:
942:
408:
32:
1267:
1184:
1171:
815:"Avicennia marina var. rumphiana (Hallier f.) Bakh. — The Plant List"
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1008:
373:
277:
128:
118:
105:
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925:
Duke, N.C. (1991). "A Systematic
Revision of the Mangrove Genus
996:
394:
1163:
687:"Avicennia balanophora Stapf & Moldenke — The Plant List"
355:. Between eight and 10 species are usually recognised, with
291:
areas and are characterized by its "pencil roots", which are
261:
66:
280:
590:. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-03-30
950:Schwarzbach, Andrea E.; McDade, Lucinda A. (2002).
342:, and the genus is included in that family in the
980:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
949:
1435:
723:"Avicennia germinans (L.) L. — The Plant List"
741:"Avicennia integra N.C.Duke — The Plant List"
705:"Avicennia bicolor Standl. — The Plant List"
307:often congregate on these trees. Species of
303:means "fires", a reference to the fact that
866:"Avicennia officinalis L. — The Plant List"
653:. Vol. 1 A-C. CRC Press. p. 242.
646:
31:
407:
621:, Kew Science. Accessed 21 August 2024.
588:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1436:
904:
768:, Kew Science. Accessed 19 March 2023.
637:The Tide Chaser. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
606:
604:
405:Eight species are currently accepted:
1051:
1050:
1026:BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
1395:fbbe9c14-fac6-4bf5-a0a8-0fde9db93abf
1330:197a23d6-ff8c-4f99-8a44-ec4942896a73
924:
650:CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names
601:
573:
13:
909:(4th ed.). CSIRO Publishing.
898:
400:
295:. They are also commonly known as
14:
1480:
989:
929:(Avicenniaceae) in Australasia".
359:further divided into a number of
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995:
53:
1369:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:41194-1
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858:
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558:Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke
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640:
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379:
1:
647:Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000).
566:
311:occur worldwide south of the
931:Australian Systematic Botany
334:studies have suggested that
7:
1469:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
318:The taxonomic placement of
10:
1485:
765:Plants of the World Online
618:Plants of the World Online
344:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
1059:
1040:Atlas of Living Australia
968:10.1043/0363-6445-27.1.84
907:Forest Trees of Australia
366:The generic name honours
196:
189:
182:
177:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
16:Genus of flowering plants
845:www.worldfloraonline.org
389:. Vertical roots called
268:currently placed in the
338:is derived from within
1464:Taxa described in 1753
970:(inactive 2024-09-12).
417:
203:L. (1758), nom. illeg.
905:Boland, D.J. (1984).
554:Avicennia schaueriana
544:Avicennia officinalis
433:Avicennia balanophora
411:
283:, which occur in the
1004:at Wikimedia Commons
888:www.theplantlist.org
870:www.theplantlist.org
819:www.theplantlist.org
801:www.theplantlist.org
783:www.theplantlist.org
745:www.theplantlist.org
727:www.theplantlist.org
709:www.theplantlist.org
691:www.theplantlist.org
437:Stapf & Moldenke
533:Avicennia rumphiana
501:(Valeton) J.Everett
453:Avicennia germinans
42:Avicennia germinans
1449:Acanthaceae genera
841:(Hallier f.) Bakh"
522:(Hallier f.) Bakh.
418:
1431:
1430:
1338:Open Tree of Life
1053:Taxon identifiers
1000:Media related to
956:Systematic Botany
943:10.1071/SB9910299
660:978-0-8493-2675-2
559:
549:
523:
502:
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489:(Walp.) J.Everett
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463:Avicennia integra
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443:Avicennia bicolor
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477:(Forssk.) Vierh.
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473:Avicennia marina
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352:Avicennia marina
313:Tropic of Cancer
285:intertidal zones
266:flowering plants
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227:J.F.Gmel. (1791)
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899:Further reading
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403:
401:List of species
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299:, which in the
270:bear's breeches
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1016:at Wikispecies
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990:External links
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937:(2): 299–324.
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498:eucalyptifolia
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423:Avicennia alba
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391:pneumatophores
381:
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301:Malay language
276:. It contains
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211:Thouars (1806)
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486:australasica
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376:(980-1037).
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332:phylogenetic
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293:aerial roots
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216:Hilairanthus
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24:
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1263:iNaturalist
1085:Wikispecies
380:Description
340:Acanthaceae
324:Verbenaceae
274:Acanthaceae
208:Halodendrum
145:Subfamily:
139:Acanthaceae
93:Angiosperms
1438:Categories
594:2010-05-26
567:References
536:Hallier f.
387:substrates
361:subspecies
1459:Mangroves
1444:Avicennia
1216:Avicennia
1185:FloraBase
1151:Avicennia
1091:Avicennia
1061:Avicennia
1034:Avicennia
1021:Avicennia
1014:Avicennia
1002:Avicennia
962:: 84–98.
927:Avicennia
839:rumphiana
612:Avicennia
583:Avicennia
519:rumphiana
414:Avicennia
371:physician
357:A. marina
336:Avicennia
330:. Recent
320:Avicennia
309:Avicennia
305:fireflies
289:estuarine
257:Avicennia
184:See text
164:Avicennia
63:Kingdom:
25:Avicennia
1454:Avicenna
1390:VicFlora
1382:40023320
1377:Tropicos
1146:eFloraSA
1122:BioLib:
1070:Wikidata
581:"Genus:
467:N.C.Duke
374:Avicenna
346:system.
278:mangrove
272:family,
191:Synonyms
178:Species
135:Family:
129:Lamiales
119:Asterids
106:Eudicots
1294:1032247
1281:41194-1
1242:2925398
1076:Q132645
850:15 July
674:Api Api
508:subsp.
496:subsp.
484:subsp.
457:(L.) L.
447:Standl.
368:Persian
297:api api
236:Forssk.
159:Genus:
125:Order:
67:Plantae
1421:235033
1351:PLANTS
1343:582594
1327:NZOR:
1229:103258
1203:103258
1115:114960
1102:188470
1099:APDB:
913:
657:
510:marina
395:nectar
238:(1775)
232:Sceura
200:Bontia
172:(1753)
1416:WoRMS
1356:AVICE
1320:41377
1307:32136
1289:IRMNG
1268:62865
1211:FoAO2
1190:22006
1177:1AVIG
1164:61049
1125:99585
837:var.
529:Ridl.
524:(syn
517:var.
515:A. m.
506:A. m.
494:A. m.
482:A. m.
427:Blume
281:trees
262:genus
260:is a
243:Upata
224:Racka
153:Miers
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
1364:POWO
1315:NCBI
1302:ITIS
1276:IPNI
1255:1194
1250:GRIN
1237:GBIF
1172:EPPO
1138:36PY
1110:APNI
982:link
911:ISBN
852:2023
655:ISBN
531:and
1403:WFO
1224:FoC
1198:FNA
1159:EoL
1133:CoL
1024:in
964:doi
939:doi
585:L."
416:sp.
287:of
264:of
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1038:.
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978:}}
974:{{
960:27
958:.
954:.
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886:.
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843:.
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799:.
781:.
743:.
725:.
707:.
689:.
614:L.
603:^
548:L.
363:.
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170:L.
115::
102::
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1042:.
1032:"
984:)
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