110:
which do not necessarily apply to cultures in the developing world. The problem of US dominance is thus not only one of maldistribution of opportunity." Some writers, analyzing the issues of science information transfer from a sociolinguistic and sociopolitical standpoint, consider this cultural dominance to reflect an "Anglo-American
English language hegemony." The problem is further compounded by variations in the quality of the feedback peer reviewers are able to provide about the language and writing, since this advice does not always help to make the writing better.
218:. This allowed AuthorAID’s developers to reach a group closer to the intended users, i.e., researchers from developing countries plus national and international agencies that invest in research. Robbins and Jerry Spiegel, a Canadian colleague from the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research, talked to the forum about the potential benefits of AuthorAID. In addition, a group of Rockefeller Foundation International Health Research Awardees presented their research to a concurrent ministerial summit. These researchers, from 25 developing countries, had been helped by
348:
referencing and citation, and research publication ethics. Sets of AAEM advice developed for authors and editors cover aspects of technical editing such as abbreviations, reference formats and identifying sources of materials, as well as aspects of research writing and publication such as plagiarism, self-plagiarism, appropriate secondary publication and choosing the most appropriate journal. While the next on-site phase of AAEM is being planned, its volunteers continue to provide manuscript editing support via email for researchers in the
Eastern Mediterranean region.
312:
INASP's partner countries. The impact of AuthorAID at INASP workshops on the publication output of participants is periodically evaluated. Researchers who attend the train-the-trainers workshop, which are often part of AuthorAID at INASP's research writing workshops, are encouraged to pass on their knowledge. The hundreds of free e-resources on research communication available on the AuthorAID at INASP site can be used by anyone for non-profit workshops and educational activities.
182:) has given way to commercial imperatives to produce at lower cost more "content" that can be repackaged and resold or licensed to others to generate additional revenue. To reduce costs, publishers have pushed greater editorial responsibility upon authors. Journals proliferate, but editorial resources are often strained, leading to a propensity to accept manuscripts that require less work. This may impose an additional burden on readers trying to understand the published articles.
114:
aspects of manuscripts "which may seriously detract attention from judgment of a paper’s essential merits." He found that journal editors reported several problems encountered by NNS researchers, including inadequate knowledge of the unwritten "rules of the publication game" (for instance, failure to cite sufficient references to earlier research and unfamiliarity with the argumentation style or scientific level of the journal.)
159:
research design and analysis. Conflicting priorities and lack of resources to provide substantive editing have also been discussed as a potential source of bias by members of the World
Association of Medical Editors (WAME). Editors in WAME who work with researchers as well as those who tend the gates at journals noted that the chances of acceptance may be lower for manuscripts needing more rather than less editing work.
252:
scientists with editorial experience often in or near retirement, or experienced science editors) with researchers seeking help to present their work. Mentors forswear authorship, agreeing to accept acknowledgment from the researchers whom they assist. Together the mentors and authors work on a manuscript via the internet or e-mail (unless they are able to meet in person) through to publication.
65:
through publication to be useful in economic development and to other researchers. Yet only an extremely small fraction of the scientific literature is written by developing world authors, even in fields such as health and environmental studies, where it is universally recognized that the world’s dominant problems manifest themselves in developing regions.
233:, organized a special session on AuthorAID. Editors from FAME encouraged CSE to participate in AuthorAID. CSE’s board voted to develop the concept into a CSE project. Paul Bozuwa of Dartmouth Journal Services, who chaired a CSE Task Force on Science Journals, Poverty, and Human Development, took the lead for CSE on AuthorAID.
170:, report they do most of the editorial tasks themselves, and have little time to assist authors with substantial revisions. Lack of editorial staff to help authors may prolong the review process or result in rejection of manuscripts whose research findings could be applied to solving practical problems or to further research.
106:, pointed out one worrisome source of bias against researchers from developing countries. He suggested that editors and reviewers discriminate "by judging colleagues on their work address" noting that "he address of the first or last authors is not always a neutral piece of information when assessing a paper."
307:
Like other AuthorAID initiatives, the AuthorAID program at INASP includes a mentoring scheme, which in June 2012 had nearly 5000 members from 150+ countries. In 2012, the
British Academy invited AuthorAID at INASP to talk about mentoring at the Career Development Workshop for Early Career Researchers
158:
Editors of international journals reported to
Freeman and Robbins that they sometimes reject submissions from developing country authors even when the content shows merit. Some noted that despite investment in research capacity in developing countries, many manuscripts reflect inadequate attention to
118:
containing strong and original findings might immediately be turned down." One potential obstacle to acceptance is that "many
English-speaking editors and reviewers (in the same way as many French, German, or Swedish speaking editors) will have a rather strict idea of what constitutes good language."
43:
to help those countries solve their own problems. Scientists from developing countries, however, remain under-represented as authors in the published scientific literature. AuthorAID was proposed because unless research results from authors anywhere are available through publication, the full benefit
339:
and elsewhere. The second on-site phase, again supported by Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, took place from November 2010 to July 2011. Work during this phase formed the basis of several articles, and also resulted in plans for collaborative research between an author's editor at the Clinical
113:
Writing in
English, overwhelmingly the language of scientific publication, constitutes a problem that can make it difficult for non-native English speakers (NNS) to "compete on an equal research basis." In the early 1990s Gosden surveyed editors if biology, chemistry and physics journals to identify
272:
In late 2008 AuthorAID and
Scientists without Borders, a project developed by the New York Academy of Sciences, discovered each other and agreed to investigate ways to work together. In autumn 2009 work began on the development of an organizational profile for the AuthorAID concept and its various
210:
first presented the AuthorAID idea, provisionally named EditAID, at a meeting of the World
Federation of Public Health Associations in Brighton, England in April 2004. Public health professionals from the federation’s 69 national associations expressed interest in the AuthorAID concept. Some wanted
72:
in 2005, of 4061 health-related journals from 1992 to 2001 showed a growing gap in scientific publications between low-income countries and the rest of the world. Similarly, Athula Sumathipala and her colleagues found under-representation of developing world authors in leading medical journals such
311:
Since 2007, the AuthorAID staff from INASP have organized many workshops on research writing (i.e., writing research papers for publication in peer-reviewed journals) in various countries in Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. Workshops have also been organized locally by researchers working in
197:
the publisher a "manuscript processing fee," which contributes little revenue to invest in editing. These fees tend to exclude less affluent authors from the start. However, not all models of open access publishing require financial support from authors, and some open access publishers waive their
162:
At smaller journals in particular, manuscripts are likely to be rejected if they seem to require more editing than the editors or publisher can afford to provide. Another potential source of bias is perceived narrowness of scope: some editors lament the paucity of submissions sufficiently broad in
109:
Differences in publication priorities between developed and developing countries are not always a sign of bias. The editors of a guide to publishing in the addiction sciences noted that "US research is primarily (and legitimately) oriented towards that country’s own social and economic priorities,
185:
Research institutions in wealthy countries have responded to this new publishing environment. Where no in-house editorial service exists, elite institutions often buy editorial help for their researchers from freelance editors or specialized firms. Few, if any, developing world institutions have
64:
Scientific research is conducted all over the world, and increasingly in developing countries. In an effort to help countries solve problems and speed development, development aid has been invested in research capacity, notably by Sweden and Canada. The results of this research must be available
117:
The editors of the addiction sciences publishing guide mentioned above noted that international publishing requires technical skill to follow the instructions to authors, and is "an acquired competence in social communication." They warned that "if the formalities are not followed, even a study
347:
Experienced volunteer editors who contribute their time to AAEM are located in several countries and edit research manuscripts at no cost to the authors. In Iran, the project has provided manuscript editing combined with training in writing, revising, good scientific English style, appropriate
251:
In 2006, AuthorAID experiments started to take shape. Certain central elements remain constant across the experiments. AuthorAID is not commercial, relying exclusively on volunteer scientific and editorial mentors to help developing world authors. All AuthorAID projects match mentors (senior
149:
Editors and other research publication experts might help researchers overcome linguistic challenges and cultural differences, and help them understand the procedural, ethical, and technical intricacies of academic publication. Freeman and Robbins reported that in developing world research
304:(DFID). AuthorAID at INASP is not connected to the other AuthorAID programs. Instead, it is an integral part of INASP's Programme for the Enhancement of Research Information, which facilitates the availability, accessibility, creation, and uptake of research in developing countries.
289:(INASP), an international development charity based in Oxford, UK, has run a funded AuthorAID program called AuthorAID at INASP since January 2007. Following the independent evaluation of the pilot phase from 2007 to 2009, the program was extended until the end of 2012.
47:
AuthorAID programs engage senior scientists and author’s editors as mentors to help developing country researchers overcome barriers to publication in scientific journals. The internet connects mentors and authors where it is not possible to have face-to-face contact.
150:
institutions there are simply too few editor/scientist mentors (well-published authors or experienced editors) available to assist in disseminating the work of emerging research talent whose findings might be brought to bear on the world’s major problems.
277:, and the Bahrain Medical Society made it possible for Karen Shashok, a translator and author's editor located in Granada, Spain, to attend the EMMJ4 conference in Manama, Bahrain and start work on the AuthorAID in the Eastern Mediterranean project.
315:
Since 2010, AuthorAID at INASP have provided grants to support research communication. Grants have been awarded for researchers to present at conferences, organize local AuthorAID workshops, and attend an intensive course on research writing.
163:
scope to warrant international dissemination. Manuscripts that report research on a local or regional topic are often rejected by international journals before the editors have carefully scrutinized the research design and data collection.
269:, with almost 1000 members worldwide, created an AuthorAID for its developing world members, relying on the expertise of senior members as mentors. In 2007, this became one of the first operational experiments with the AuthorAID concept.
259:(EASE) invited a presentation of AuthorAID at its 2006 Annual Meeting in Kraków, Poland and subsequently endorsed the concept. Short descriptions of AuthorAID have been published in the journals of both CSE (Science Editor) and EASE (
2076:
55:
also organizes workshops in various developing countries, in addition to hosting an online mentoring scheme and e-resources. AuthorAID at INASP is independent of the other AuthorAID programs and is described below.
340:
Research Development Center of Nemazee Hospital (one of the teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences) and an AAEM editor in Spain. The AuthorAID in the Eastern Mediterranean
101:
There is no single cause of the under-representation of developing world authors. Bias exists on the part of both editors and reviewers who choose what to publish. Frank Gannon, writing as the editor of
273:
projects on the Scientists without Borders website. In addition, support from the Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors (EMAME), the Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean of the
19:
is the name given to a number of initiatives that provide support to researchers from developing countries in preparing academic articles for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Phyllis Freeman and
225:
Many editors of US scientific journals were, at the time, engaged in activities to support developing world journal editors and their publications. For its May 2005 meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, the
248:
editors followed up with an editorial in their journal in which they explained the problems faced by developing world researchers when they try to publish their work in scientific journals.
2009:
327:
From January to June 2009 the first on-site phase of this volunteer project, co-coordinated by Karen Shashok and Dr Farhad Handjani, was able to get underway thanks to support from
1069:
1848:
1801:
222:
in an AuthorAID-like developmental editing experiment. In the wake of this experience, interest focussed on the search for more substantial ways to test the AuthorAID concept.
166:
Journal editors from the Forum of African Medical Editors (FAME) and the Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors (EMAME), both of which are supported by the
1542:
2275:
Lillis T, Curry MJ (2006). "Professional academic writing by multilingual scholars. Interactions with literacy brokers in the production of English-medium texts".
1910:
1882:
1705:
1898:
1644:
293:
266:
126:
Freeman and Robbins, when developing the AuthorAID concept, summarized what they learned about the problems faced by authors in developing countries as:
1832:
592:
1949:
2059:
1693:
1558:
775:
Aalbers MB (2004). "Creative destruction through the Anglo-American hegemony: a non-Anglo-American view on publications, referees and language".
1763:
646:"Under-representation of developing countries in the research literature: ethical issues arising from a survey of five leading medical journals"
2173:
1206:
2006:
1497:
AuthorAID at INASP: A systematic approach to increasing the capacity of developing country researchers to publish and communicate their work
1658:
758:
297:
2394:
1677:
29:, first suggested the name and concept in 2004 and published "Closing the ‘publishing gap’ between rich and poor" about AuthorAID on the
1798:
1613:
1066:
2206:
1782:
1482:
20:
2029:
1451:
2101:
1147:
308:
in West Africa, and a talk on mentoring was also given at the 11th General Assembly of the European Association of Science Editors.
301:
1273:
1029:
372:
332:
256:
1744:
1601:
1499:
992:
2305:
328:
1539:
618:
319:
A pilot e-learning course on research writing was conducted in 2011, and results were reported at an e-learning conference.
1969:
1729:
1589:
446:
1863:
1386:
979:
802:
Guyatt GH, Brian Haynes R (September 2006). "Preparing reports for publication and responding to reviewers' comments".
464:
Paraje G, Sadana R, Karam G (May 2005). "Public health. Increasing international gaps in health-related publications".
1989:
1879:
1717:
1573:
695:
40:
1947:
AuthorAID in the Eastern Mediterranean: A communication bridge between mainstream and emerging research communities.
215:
229:(CSE, formerly the Council of Biology Editors) invited a presentation of AuthorAID. Ana Marusic, co-editor of the
1922:
402:
362:
237:
30:
1425:
1085:
1333:
1628:
596:
244:
editors in its Opinions section describing AuthorAID to the broader science and development communities. The
1829:
1099:"Changing the debate about health research for development. International Health Research Awards Recipients"
178:
The tradition of intensive editing in many fields and at many scholarly journals and publishing houses (see
2389:
1167:
1087:
Rockefeller Foundation International Health Research Awardees at the Global Forum for Health Research, 2004
39:
programs of international organizations, industrial countries, and charitable foundations have invested in
1946:
1515:
1290:
1098:
412:
367:
226:
2176:. LOT Dissertation Series. Utrecht: LOT Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics. 59. Archived from
1817:
1760:
925:
Freeman P, Robbins A (July 2006). "The publishing gap between rich and poor: the focus of AuthorAID".
274:
167:
2198:
1366:
765:
International Society of Addiction Journal Editors/World Health Organization. Accessed 23 April 2008
2177:
1233:
1210:
387:
377:
260:
190:
1655:
1207:"SSPP: Council of Science Editors Task Force on Science Journals, Poverty, and Human Development"
1067:
AuthorAID: A project to open access of under-represented contributors to scholarly publications.
755:
1674:
1645:
Parallel Session F at EASE conference: Local assistance of scientists and institutes by editors
2205:
Council of Science Editors Global Theme Issue on poverty and human development. Oct 22, 2007.
734:
331:
in Shiraz, Iran. The results of the first on-site phase of this project were presented at the
211:
to benefit from mentoring and others offered to help scientists with less writing experience.
2185:
1923:
Moodling with Rwandan Researchers, AuthorAID presentation at Moodlemoot Ireland & UK 2012
1779:
407:
382:
1076:
Global Forum for Health Research. Forum 8, Mexico City, October 2004. Accessed 21 March 2008
839:"Content and communication: How can peer review provide helpful feedback about the writing?"
2399:
2026:
1458:
1245:
1234:"Council of Science Editors Task Force on Science Journals, Poverty, and Human Development"
550:"The AuthorAID project at INASP: building on a holistic approach to research communication"
145:
Editors’ and publishers’ inattention to development problems and developing country topics.
2129:
1144:
8:
397:
357:
214:
The second public presentation of AuthorAID took place in Mexico in November 2004 at the
179:
1249:
2350:
2323:
2292:
2238:
2213:
1934:
1126:
950:
865:
838:
530:
489:
2007:
Enhancing the quality of research publication: AuthorAID in the Eastern Mediterranean.
1741:
1033:
996:
672:
619:"International Development Research Centre: International Development Research Centre"
582:
AuthorAID at INASP. Supporting developing country researchers in publishing their work
2355:
2257:"Close to home. Notes on the post-publication withdrawal of a Spanish research paper"
2243:
2160:
2155:
2138:
2121:
1496:
1476:
1118:
942:
904:
870:
819:
788:
677:
493:
481:
194:
2296:
1350:
AuthorAID: Developmental editing assistance for researchers in developing countries.
1130:
980:
http://www.wame.org/resources/wame-listserve-discussions/value-of-technical-editing/
954:
534:
2345:
2335:
2284:
2233:
2225:
2150:
2113:
2088:
1302:
1258:
1253:
1110:
934:
900:
860:
850:
815:
811:
784:
667:
657:
561:
520:
473:
25:
2309:
2256:
1307:
1114:
938:
2340:
2033:
2013:
1993:
1973:
1953:
1886:
1867:
1836:
1805:
1786:
1767:
1748:
1681:
1662:
1632:
1577:
1546:
1503:
1390:
1370:
1151:
1073:
762:
622:
36:
142:
Lack of scientific and statistical tools to analyze data as required by journals
2092:
2027:
Good writing and good reporting to enhance the impact of articles and journals.
1966:
525:
508:
2102:"How authors can cope with the burden of English as an international language"
2383:
2288:
2117:
1860:
1602:
Presentation on AuthorAID at Publishers for Development Conference, June 2012
1383:
1967:
How AuthorAID in the Eastern Mediterranean helps researchers become authors.
477:
2359:
2247:
2164:
2125:
2046:
1986:
1570:
1426:"World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean"
1402:
1122:
946:
874:
823:
681:
485:
1017:
855:
699:
662:
645:
1626:
Report of British Academy workshop in Desert Herald, a Nigerian newspaper
720:
392:
978:
Value of technical editing. WAME listserve discussion, March 2–8, 2005.
2174:"Culture and conventions: writing and reading Dutch scientific English"
2229:
1429:
2060:
Authors, editors, and the signs, symptoms and causes of plagiarism.
1625:
1527:
566:
549:
2016:
Journal of the Tehran University Heart Center 2010; 5(4): 169-171
1413:
130:
Uncertainty about which journals may be suitable for a submission
1171:
891:
Gosden H (1992). "Research writing and NNSs: from the Editors".
509:"Author's editors: facilitators of science information transfer"
322:
139:
Conflicts with collaborators about authorship and author order
2373:
1818:
Long-term assessment of AuthorAID at INASP workshop in Rwanda
1145:
Global Collaboration Gives Greater Voice to African Journals.
580:
341:
286:
52:
1415:
Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors (EMAME)
434:
643:
1382:
The International Society for Environmental Epidemiology.
1349:
1334:
Scientific authorship and editing in the developing world.
198:
fees when payment would represent a hardship for authors.
1364:
1321:
153:
1097:
Abrahams N, Adhikari R, Bhagwat IP, et al. (2004).
756:
Publishing addiction science: a guide for the perplexed.
267:
The International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
121:
1096:
1054:
41:
strengthening research capacity in developing countries
2139:"Cardiothoracic surgeons divided by a common language"
2077:"Seeking Acceptance in an English-Only Research World"
967:
644:
Sumathipala A, Siribaddana S, Patel V (October 2004).
287:
International Network for Advancing Science and Policy
173:
53:
International Network for Advancing Science and Policy
1192:
1373:
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
1019:
Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors
608:
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
449:‘‘SciDev.Net’’ 2 September 2005. Accessed 4 May 2008
294:
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
2171:
1274:
Closing the ‘publishing gap’ between rich and poor.
447:
Closing the ‘publishing gap’ between rich and poor.
1571:Mentoring portal on the AuthorAID at INASP website
1441:Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, WHO
1355:February 2007; 33(1): 9-10. Accessed 21 March 2008
801:
2306:"Open Access Overview (definition, introduction)"
2047:Plagiarism in scientific writing: words or ideas?
2036:Middle East Journal of Cancer 2011; 1(4): 151-152
1899:Blog post by workshop grant recipient in Tanzania
463:
186:in-house editorial services or external editors.
96:
2381:
1880:Blog post by travel grant recipient in Pakistan
1238:Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy
1516:AuthorAID: Evaluation of Pilot Phase 2007-2009
1157:2005; 113(7), July 2005. Accessed 1 April 2008
924:
1056:Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research
750:
748:
746:
323:AuthorAID in the Eastern Mediterranean (AAEM)
2099:
1987:Aiding authors in the Eastern Mediterranean.
1956:European Science Editing 2009; 35(3):106-108
1065:Freeman P, Spiegel J, Robbins A, Neufeld V.
920:
918:
916:
914:
298:Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
2274:
2136:
886:
884:
44:of investment in research is not achieved.
2074:
774:
743:
459:
457:
455:
2349:
2339:
2254:
2237:
2154:
1911:Blog post by grant recipient in Sri Lanka
1306:
1288:
1257:
911:
864:
854:
836:
754:Barbor TF, Stenius K, Savva S (editors).
671:
661:
634:International Development Research Centre
565:
524:
506:
2211:
1830:Workshop in Biratnagar, Nepal, July 2011
1718:Workshop in Kathmandu, Nepal, March 2011
1559:Information on PERii on the DFID website
1339:2005; 28(5): 152. Accessed 21 March 2008
1231:
890:
881:
547:
302:Department for International Development
133:Unfamiliarity with editorial conventions
1323:European Association of Science Editors
1279:2 September 2005. Accessed 1 April 2008
452:
373:European Association of Science Editors
333:European Association of Science Editors
257:European Association of Science Editors
136:Persistent pressure to write in English
2382:
2321:
2062:Saudi J Anesthesia 2011; 5(3): 305-307
1590:Case study of a mentoring relationship
1481:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
740:2007; 8(5):421. Accessed 22 April 2008
696:"EMBO: Promoting bioscience in europe"
585:
344:was inaugurated in late October 2012.
335:2009 conference, and were reported in
208:Journal of Public Health Policy (JPHP)
154:The problem as seen by journal editors
26:Journal of Public Health Policy (JPHP)
1936:Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
1849:Workshop in Pokhara, Nepal, July 2011
1030:"Global Forum Health web site - Home"
329:Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
280:
122:The problem as encountered by authors
59:
1761:Workshop in Nicaragua, November 2008
1656:Workshops in Kenya, May to June 2012
969:World Association of Medical Editors
417:World Association of Medical Editors
292:AuthorAID at INASP is funded by the
51:The funded AuthorAID program at the
2324:"Crossing the Language Limitations"
2303:
1780:Workshop in Colombia, November 2009
1694:Workshop in Ethiopia, November 2011
174:The problem as viewed by publishers
13:
2395:International development programs
2100:Benfield JR, Feak CB (June 2006).
2081:Journal of Second Language Writing
2069:
1976:The Write Stuff 2010; 19(1): 43-46
893:Journal of Second Language Writing
14:
2411:
2366:
1742:Workshop in Sri Lanka, March 2010
1155:Environmental Health Perspectives
2156:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.02.097
2049:Croatian Med J 2011; 52: 576-577
1045:Global Forum for Health Research
1008:Forum of African Medical Editors
789:10.1111/j.0004-0894.2004.00229.x
216:Global Forum for Health Research
2322:Pan Z, Gao J (September 2006).
2052:
2039:
2019:
1999:
1996:Ethical Editing 2010; 2(3): 5-6
1979:
1959:
1939:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1873:
1854:
1842:
1823:
1811:
1792:
1773:
1754:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1668:
1649:
1638:
1619:
1614:Publishers for Development blog
1607:
1595:
1583:
1564:
1552:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1490:
1444:
1418:
1407:
1396:
1376:
1358:
1342:
1326:
1315:
1295:Journal of Public Health Policy
1282:
1266:
1225:
1199:
1186:
1160:
1137:
1090:
1079:
1059:
1048:
1022:
1011:
985:
972:
961:
830:
795:
768:
727:
714:
688:
436:Science and Development Network
403:Science and Development Network
363:Committee on Publication Ethics
238:Science and Development Network
83:New England Journal of Medicine
31:Science and Development Network
1730:Workshop in Pakistan, May 2012
1675:Workshop in Zambia, March 2012
1259:10.1080/15487733.2006.11907972
816:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.05.004
637:
611:
593:"Site map - Start page - Sida"
574:
541:
500:
439:
428:
97:Causes of under-representation
1:
1384:AuthorAID. What is AuthorAID?
1308:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200050
1115:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3190028
939:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200071
421:
2341:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030410
2172:Burrough-Boenisch J (2002).
1861:AuthorAID e-resource library
1706:Workshop in Rwanda, May 2011
905:10.1016/1060-3743(92)90012-E
7:
2137:Benfield JR (August 2007).
2012:September 30, 2011, at the
1799:Workshop in Cuba, June 2010
351:
87:Annals of Internal Medicine
10:
2416:
2093:10.1016/j.jslw.2006.12.001
2045:Habibzadeh F, Shashok K.
1992:December 24, 2010, at the
1404:Scientists without Borders
526:10.1087/095315101300059495
413:Scientists without Borders
368:Council of Science Editors
227:council of Science Editors
201:
68:An analysis, published in
2212:Goehl TJ (October 2007).
1540:PERii: Publishing Support
735:Address bias (editorial).
275:World Health Organization
240:posted an article by the
168:World Health Organization
2289:10.1177/0741088305283754
2218:Environ. Health Perspect
2118:10.1378/chest.129.6.1728
1952:October 6, 2011, at the
1353:European Science Editing
1195:Croatian Medical Journal
982:. Accessed 21 March 2008
388:Open access (publishing)
378:European Science Editing
337:European Science Editing
261:European Science Editing
231:Croatian Medical Journal
2208:Accessed 21 March 2008
2032:March 31, 2012, at the
2005:Shashok K, Handjani F.
1487:Bahrain Medical Society
1389:April 28, 2008, at the
478:10.1126/science.1108705
33:(SciDev.Net), in 2005.
2193:Cite journal requires
1631:June 17, 2012, at the
1393:Accessed 21 March 2008
1348:Robbins A, Freeman P.
1291:"Editorial: AuthorAID"
1272:Freeman P, Robbins A.
1103:J Public Health Policy
927:J Public Health Policy
445:Freeman P, Robbins A.
300:(NORAD), and the UK's
2277:Written Communication
1889:Accessed 4 July 2012]
856:10.1186/1471-2288-8-3
761:May 11, 2008, at the
663:10.1186/1472-6939-5-5
408:Scientific literature
383:International English
1925:Accessed 4 July 2012
1913:Accessed 4 July 2012
1901:Accessed 4 July 2012
1870:Accessed 4 July 2012
1851:Accessed 4 July 2012
1839:Accessed 4 July 2012
1820:Accessed 4 July 2012
1808:Accessed 4 July 2012
1789:Accessed 4 July 2012
1770:Accessed 4 July 2012
1751:Accessed 4 July 2012
1732:Accessed 4 July 2012
1720:Accessed 4 July 2012
1708:Accessed 4 July 2012
1696:Accessed 4 July 2012
1684:Accessed 4 July 2012
1665:Accessed 4 July 2012
1635:Accessed 4 July 2012
1616:Accessed 4 July 2012
1604:Accessed 4 July 2012
1592:Accessed 4 July 2012
1580:Accessed 4 July 2012
1561:Accessed 4 July 2012
1549:Accessed 4 July 2012
1530:Accessed 4 July 2012
1518:Accessed 4 July 2012
1506:Accessed 4 July 2012
843:BMC Med Res Methodol
93:, in 1999 and 2000.
23:, co-editors of the
2390:Academic publishing
2075:Belcher DD (2007).
1250:2006SSPP....2....1B
398:Rhetoric of science
358:Academic publishing
206:The editors of the
180:academic publishing
2255:Kerans ME (2002).
1972:2011-09-28 at the
1885:2012-07-01 at the
1866:2012-07-08 at the
1835:2013-05-16 at the
1804:2010-10-21 at the
1785:2010-03-06 at the
1766:2009-04-02 at the
1747:2010-05-01 at the
1680:2012-04-07 at the
1661:2012-06-24 at the
1576:2012-08-14 at the
1545:2012-07-05 at the
1502:2008-05-21 at the
1369:2008-05-11 at the
1289:Anonymous (2005).
1150:2008-09-17 at the
1072:2005-05-14 at the
837:Shashok K (2008).
513:Learned Publishing
507:Shashok K (2001).
281:AuthorAID at INASP
189:In some models of
60:The publishing gap
2230:10.1289/ehp.10729
2143:Ann. Thorac. Surg
1232:Bozuwa P (2006).
548:Walker J (2009).
2407:
2377:
2376:
2374:Official website
2363:
2353:
2343:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2308:. Archived from
2300:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2202:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2168:
2158:
2133:
2128:. Archived from
2096:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2023:
2017:
2003:
1997:
1983:
1977:
1963:
1957:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1877:
1871:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1796:
1790:
1777:
1771:
1758:
1752:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1653:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1457:. Archived from
1456:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1428:. Archived from
1422:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1380:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1286:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1209:. Archived from
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1170:. Archived from
1164:
1158:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1032:. Archived from
1026:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1004:
995:. Archived from
989:
983:
976:
970:
965:
959:
958:
922:
909:
908:
888:
879:
878:
868:
858:
834:
828:
827:
804:J Clin Epidemiol
799:
793:
792:
772:
766:
752:
741:
731:
725:
718:
712:
710:
708:
707:
698:. Archived from
692:
686:
685:
675:
665:
641:
635:
633:
631:
630:
621:. Archived from
615:
609:
607:
605:
604:
595:. Archived from
589:
583:
578:
572:
571:
569:
545:
539:
538:
528:
504:
498:
497:
472:(5724): 959–60.
461:
450:
443:
437:
432:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2315:
2313:
2259:
2214:"Access Denied"
2194:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2072:
2070:Further reading
2067:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2040:
2034:Wayback Machine
2024:
2020:
2014:Wayback Machine
2004:
2000:
1994:Wayback Machine
1984:
1980:
1974:Wayback Machine
1964:
1960:
1954:Wayback Machine
1944:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1887:Wayback Machine
1878:
1874:
1868:Wayback Machine
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1837:Wayback Machine
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1806:Wayback Machine
1797:
1793:
1787:Wayback Machine
1778:
1774:
1768:Wayback Machine
1759:
1755:
1749:Wayback Machine
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1682:Wayback Machine
1673:
1669:
1663:Wayback Machine
1654:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1633:Wayback Machine
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1578:Wayback Machine
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1547:Wayback Machine
1538:
1534:
1528:About AuthorAID
1526:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1504:Wayback Machine
1495:
1491:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1452:"Archived copy"
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1391:Wayback Machine
1381:
1377:
1371:Wayback Machine
1363:
1359:
1347:
1343:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1152:Wayback Machine
1142:
1138:
1109:(3–4): 259–87.
1095:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1074:Wayback Machine
1064:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
991:
990:
986:
977:
973:
966:
962:
923:
912:
889:
882:
835:
831:
800:
796:
773:
769:
763:Wayback Machine
753:
744:
732:
728:
719:
715:
705:
703:
694:
693:
689:
642:
638:
628:
626:
617:
616:
612:
602:
600:
591:
590:
586:
579:
575:
546:
542:
505:
501:
462:
453:
444:
440:
433:
429:
424:
354:
325:
283:
204:
193:publishing the
176:
156:
124:
99:
62:
37:Development aid
21:Anthony Robbins
12:
11:
5:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2368:
2367:External links
2365:
2224:(10): A482–3.
2195:|journal=
2180:on 2007-10-31.
2132:on 2008-07-25.
2112:(6): 1728–30.
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2051:
2038:
2018:
1998:
1978:
1958:
1938:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1872:
1853:
1841:
1822:
1810:
1791:
1772:
1753:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1667:
1648:
1637:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1563:
1551:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1489:
1443:
1417:
1406:
1395:
1375:
1357:
1341:
1337:Science Editor
1325:
1314:
1301:(4): 387–388.
1281:
1265:
1224:
1198:
1185:
1159:
1136:
1089:
1078:
1058:
1047:
1021:
1010:
984:
971:
960:
933:(2): 196–203.
910:
880:
829:
794:
767:
742:
726:
713:
687:
650:BMC Med Ethics
636:
610:
584:
573:
560:(3): 220–223.
540:
519:(2): 113–121.
499:
451:
438:
426:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
353:
350:
324:
321:
282:
279:
203:
200:
175:
172:
155:
152:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
123:
120:
98:
95:
61:
58:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2412:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2312:on 2007-05-19
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2061:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1464:on 2011-07-25
1460:
1453:
1447:
1432:on 2011-08-14
1431:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1213:on 2008-01-17
1212:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1174:on 2008-05-01
1173:
1169:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1036:on 2007-08-20
1035:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1014:
999:on 2008-05-14
998:
994:
988:
981:
975:
968:
964:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
919:
917:
915:
906:
902:
899:(2): 123–39.
898:
894:
887:
885:
876:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
798:
790:
786:
783:(3): 319–22.
782:
778:
771:
764:
760:
757:
751:
749:
747:
739:
736:
730:
724:
721:
717:
702:on 2008-05-13
701:
697:
691:
683:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
640:
625:on 2008-03-13
624:
620:
614:
599:on 2008-04-27
598:
594:
588:
581:
577:
568:
567:10.1629/22220
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
536:
532:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
503:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:
458:
456:
448:
442:
435:
431:
427:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
349:
345:
343:
338:
334:
330:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
278:
276:
270:
268:
264:
262:
258:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
212:
209:
199:
196:
192:
187:
183:
181:
171:
169:
164:
160:
151:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
127:
119:
115:
111:
107:
105:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
66:
57:
54:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
32:
28:
27:
22:
18:
2370:
2331:
2327:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:the original
2302:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2186:cite journal
2178:the original
2170:
2149:(2): 363–4.
2146:
2142:
2135:
2130:the original
2109:
2105:
2098:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2054:
2041:
2021:
2001:
1981:
1961:
1941:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1875:
1856:
1844:
1825:
1813:
1794:
1775:
1756:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1670:
1651:
1640:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1566:
1554:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1492:
1466:. Retrieved
1459:the original
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:the original
1420:
1409:
1398:
1378:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1317:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:the original
1201:
1194:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:the original
1162:
1154:
1139:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1081:
1061:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:the original
1024:
1013:
1001:. Retrieved
997:the original
987:
974:
963:
930:
926:
896:
892:
846:
842:
832:
810:(9): 900–6.
807:
803:
797:
780:
776:
770:
738:EMBO Reports
737:
729:
723:EMBO Reports
722:
716:
711:Frank Gannon
704:. Retrieved
700:the original
690:
653:
649:
639:
627:. Retrieved
623:the original
613:
601:. Retrieved
597:the original
587:
576:
557:
553:
543:
516:
512:
502:
469:
465:
441:
430:
346:
336:
326:
318:
314:
310:
306:
296:(Sida), the
291:
284:
271:
265:
254:
250:
245:
241:
235:
230:
224:
219:
213:
207:
205:
188:
184:
177:
165:
161:
157:
148:
125:
116:
112:
108:
104:EMBO Reports
103:
100:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
50:
46:
35:
24:
16:
15:
2400:Mentorships
2334:(9): e410.
2283:(1): 3–35.
2087:(1): 1–22.
2058:Shashok K.
2025:Shashok K.
1985:Shashok K.
1965:Shashok K.
1945:Shashok K.
1222:Paul Bozuwa
1183:Ana Marusic
393:Peer review
195:author pays
191:open access
2384:Categories
2316:2008-05-09
1468:2009-01-12
1436:2011-08-18
1277:SciDev.Net
1244:(1): 1–2.
1217:2008-05-09
1178:2008-05-09
1143:Tillet T.
1040:2007-11-06
1003:2008-05-09
733:Gannon F.
706:2008-05-09
629:2008-03-13
603:2008-05-09
422:References
2304:Suber P.
1168:"Editors"
494:152685675
17:AuthorAID
2360:17002510
2328:PLOS Med
2297:28945618
2270:: 39–54.
2248:17938705
2165:17643601
2126:16778297
2030:Archived
2010:Archived
1990:Archived
1970:Archived
1950:Archived
1883:Archived
1864:Archived
1833:Archived
1802:Archived
1783:Archived
1764:Archived
1745:Archived
1678:Archived
1659:Archived
1629:Archived
1574:Archived
1543:Archived
1500:Archived
1477:cite web
1387:Archived
1367:Archived
1332:Ameh E.
1148:Archived
1131:12447695
1123:15683065
1070:Archived
955:45444934
947:16961198
875:18237378
824:16895811
759:Archived
682:15461820
535:31698133
486:15890863
352:See also
2351:1576334
2264:Ibérica
2239:2022641
1246:Bibcode
866:2268697
554:Serials
466:Science
342:website
202:History
73:as the
70:Science
2358:
2348:
2295:
2246:
2236:
2163:
2124:
1129:
1121:
993:"FAME"
953:
945:
873:
863:
822:
680:
673:524359
670:
656:: E5.
533:
492:
484:
89:, and
79:Lancet
2293:S2CID
2260:(PDF)
2106:Chest
1462:(PDF)
1455:(PDF)
1127:S2CID
951:S2CID
849:: 3.
531:S2CID
490:S2CID
2356:PMID
2244:PMID
2199:help
2161:PMID
2122:PMID
1483:link
1119:PMID
943:PMID
871:PMID
820:PMID
777:Area
678:PMID
482:PMID
285:The
255:The
246:JPHP
242:JPHP
236:The
220:JPHP
91:JAMA
2346:PMC
2336:doi
2285:doi
2234:PMC
2226:doi
2222:115
2151:doi
2114:doi
2110:129
2089:doi
1303:doi
1254:doi
1111:doi
935:doi
901:doi
861:PMC
851:doi
812:doi
785:doi
668:PMC
658:doi
562:doi
521:doi
474:doi
470:308
263:).
75:BMJ
2386::
2354:.
2344:.
2330:.
2326:.
2291:.
2281:23
2279:.
2266:.
2262:.
2242:.
2232:.
2220:.
2216:.
2190::
2188:}}
2184:{{
2159:.
2147:84
2145:.
2141:.
2120:.
2108:.
2104:.
2085:16
2083:.
2079:.
1479:}}
1475:{{
1299:26
1297:.
1293:.
1252:.
1240:.
1236:.
1125:.
1117:.
1107:25
1105:.
1101:.
949:.
941:.
931:27
929:.
913:^
895:.
883:^
869:.
859:.
845:.
841:.
818:.
808:59
806:.
781:36
779:.
745:^
676:.
666:.
652:.
648:.
558:22
556:.
552:.
529:.
517:14
515:.
511:.
488:.
480:.
468:.
454:^
85:,
81:,
77:,
2362:.
2338::
2332:3
2319:.
2299:.
2287::
2268:4
2250:.
2228::
2201:)
2197:(
2167:.
2153::
2116::
2095:.
2091::
1485:)
1471:.
1439:.
1311:.
1305::
1262:.
1256::
1248::
1242:2
1220:.
1181:.
1133:.
1113::
1043:.
1006:.
957:.
937::
907:.
903::
897:1
877:.
853::
847:8
826:.
814::
791:.
787::
709:.
684:.
660::
654:5
632:.
606:.
570:.
564::
537:.
523::
496:.
476::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.