Australian of the Year

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Pearson explains: 'The awards program is not primarily about choosing four national recipients; it is about engaging with Australians about citizenship.' The introduction of the Local Hero award was directed towards this goal, as were various other changes made in 2004. Most importantly, the NADC introduced a new selection process based around state finals. This approach meant a more prominent role for the state-based Australia Day councils and committees, which now oversee the selection of the finalists and host official functions to announce the contenders in November each year. The NADC board now only chooses between the eight state and territory finalists in each category and organises the national announcement in January.

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the directors of the NADC and its state based affiliates identified low nominee numbers as a cause for concern. The problem persisted and board members were regularly encouraged to spread the word and encourage nominations. A public relations report commissioned in 1989 recommended greater community involvement in the nominations process: 'Allow the "ordinary" citizens of Australia a chance to vote for, or in some way have a say in, who should be Australian of the Year.' During the 1990s glossy brochures calling for nominations were distributed well in advance of the awards deadline.

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might revolve around other issues, including gender balance and ethnic diversity. Awards Director Tam Johnston suggests that the value of the awards program is best measured by consulting the complete list of finalists for each year. In its 2005 Annual Report the NADC included a summary of the 111 finalists honoured nationally, which revealed a remarkable variety of achievement and a diversity of personal backgrounds. Importantly, the NADC has recently devoted attention to promoting the state finals, which emphasises the wide variety of achievement that is recognised each year.

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designing a new trophy prompted McFarlane to think more deeply about national identity than she had before: 'It made me look at Australian identity and think about what was an Australian? Who is the archetypal Australian?' She quickly realised that an image of one person, or even a group of people, would not work, and that her images needed to be generic. She decided to use a map of Australia: 'It is one of the oldest continents in the world and it is a very recognisable form for anyone who lives here.' McFarlane also chose to use the text of the Australian national anthem "

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three separate awards, as even the Young Australian of the Year was announced earlier in January and had a separate nominations process. The Senior Australian of the Year announcement moved from October to January (skipping 2002 altogether) and joined the other two awards. By integrating the various programs, the NADC increased the prominence of the companion awards by announcing them at the same function as the Australian of the Year. Since then, many remarkable Senior Australians have been honoured on a national stage on Australia Day Eve.

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was recognised more often from the 1970s onwards. The official criteria have usually been suitably broad in their scope, so changes in approach are largely attributable to the membership of the NADC board and the political climate of the time. In the mid-1980s there was a notable shift towards high-profile winners, while in the 1990s some of those honoured reflected the prominent political issues of republicanism and reconciliation. Currently, the selection committees refer to three main criteria when considering nominees:

522: 1617: 836: 311: 595: 272: 570:, who quipped: "One hundred and eighty-two years ago one of my mob would have been a dead cert' for this." Since then a further seven Indigenous people have been named Australian of the Year, for achievements in sport, music, politics, law, public service and academia. Many have played a role in Indigenous advocacy and some have raised concerns about the celebration of Australia Day on 26 January, most notably the 1985 recipient 587: 1761:

Critics might suggest that the awards are manipulated by politicians, or point to the fact that a number of former recipients such as Alan Bond subsequently fell from grace. But the fact remains that the naming of role models is an important community-building exercise. It assists young people to set

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An ongoing challenge faced by the NADC is that it is hard to represent the diversity of Australian achievement when there is only one winner per category in each year. The ongoing debates about the numbers of winners from the sciences, arts and sport are evidence of this. In the future, these debates

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There has also been a significant shift in the criteria for the Australian of the Year award in fifty years. Initially the focus was on awarding the person who had 'brought the greatest honour to Australia'. This emphasis on international acclaim was gradually relaxed and Australian-based achievement

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criticised the selection process, with the national selection panel having to choose from the eight candidates appointed by variously structured, state-based selection panels. Devine also said, "the award, which ought to reflect and unite this great nation, has evolved into a mere plaything of social

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In the early 1990s the NADC commissioned glass sculptor Warren Langley to create a new trophy based on the updated Australia Day logo. NADC chairman Phillip Adams had been criticised for removing the Australian flag from the logo and replacing it with a hand reaching for a star. After Adams resigned

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The third of these aims is predominantly addressed through the Australian of the Year Awards, which offer a high-profile moment for the celebration of outstanding achievement. The awards greatly assist the NADC in its central task, which is aptly summarised by its chief executive Warren Pearson: 'On

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usually insisted that the decision of the small Victorian selection committee was unanimous. If this is true, then it is in stark contrast to the selection process in the 1990s, when Phillip Adams recalls that heated debates were common. In 1980 the NADC had formed an independent panel to decide the

888:

in October 1999. Bishop arranged for the NADC to administer the program on behalf of the Department of Health and Ageing, but the award continued to be presented in October, with no discernible link to Australia Day. Three years later the NADC streamlined its awards programs. The council was running

1700:

These blank plaques – memorials to the future – stand as if waiting for the years to pass before they can be filled in and become whole. Yet strangely they seem more intriguing than the plaques that precede them. It is possible to imagine the line of blank plaques stretching on endlessly,

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Melbourne-based artist Kristin McFarlane designed the current Australian of the Year trophy in 2004. Like Langley, McFarlane works with glass, but she is also trained as a graphic designer; she combines both text and images and sets them in kilned glass to produce striking works of art. The task of

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The most significant change in the selection procedure has been expansion of the nomination process. In the 1960s and 1970s, the committee usually chose the winner from a relatively small list of nominees; for example, in 1971 Evonne Goolagong edged out only 18 other nominees. At a meeting in 1982,

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Prior to 1994 the award was given for the outstanding Australian of the previous year; that is, the 1992 Australian of the Year was announced on Australia Day in 1993. From 1994 onward the award became one for the year ahead, so that the 1994 Australian of the Year was announced on Australia Day in

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did not please conservative politicians, as Clark had been critical of the Fraser government's social policy. If nothing else, the controversy was a clear sign that the award had become a prominent and valued feature of the Australia Day celebrations. In time the selection of the annual winner fell

1459:. The winner was usually announced about two weeks earlier at a function that provided an opportunity to promote the upcoming Australia Day celebrations. This event was a public relations exercise that attempted to capture the imagination of the media and the nation, but in 1966 a journalist from 750:

convinced her fellow board members to introduce a new award that focussed specifically on the achievements of younger Australians. The inaugural winner, youth unemployment worker Julie Sochacki, was named Young Australian of the Year in January 1980. The NADC coordinated the announcement with the

295:, announced the introduction of a new annual award for the 'Australian of the Year'. He explained that Australia Day was a fitting occasion on which to give proper recognition to a leading citizen, whose contribution to the nation's culture, economy, sciences or arts was particularly outstanding. 1746:

plays five obscure nominees for the Australian of the Year award. One reviewer suggested that Lilley's creation was both a humorous mockumentary and a serious critique of the awards program: 'if you want a show that skewers the nation's pretensions and aspirations, while providing laugh-out-loud

1608:

and comprises a series of plinths, seats and lighting. Incorporated in the pathway are five metal strips set flush in the concrete, representing the five music stave lines. The plinths are placed in musical note position to the score of the national anthem "Advance Australia Fair". Fixed to each

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There had been intense speculation earlier as to what the "special uniformed messenger" would be wearing when he arrived bearing a sealed envelope containing the Australian of the Year decision. ... He was made to walk from the lift door to Sir Norman twice to satisfy other television cameramen,

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The patriotic tension in the boardroom on the 8th floor of the Australian Natives' Association building in Elizabeth Street yesterday morning was being stretched to breaking point. From four corners of the room hung Australian flags. At the Head of the long boardroom table sat Sir Norman Martin,

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In 2003, the NADC addressed calls to recognise ordinary, lesser-known people who work for the benefit of their fellow citizens, by introducing a fourth award category known as the "Local Hero Award". The new award was part of a shift in thinking at the NADC towards the key goal of promoting good

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The Australian of the Year Awards represent only one of many ways in which national identity is expressed, but after fifty years they have become a significant part of the ongoing conversation about Australia's past, present and future. The awards have also attracted the interest of foreigners,

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The various medallions and trophies that have been presented to the Australians of the Year over fifty years are, in themselves, an interesting insight into changing understandings of what it means to be Australian. Reflecting his lofty ambitions for the new award, Sir Norman Martin announced a

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proudly reported that nominations had doubled from the previous year: 'This is a key indication that increasing numbers of Australians of all walks of life are actively engaging with the awards program.' Public interest in the awards serves a much broader purpose, as NADC Chief Executive Warren

517:

expressed concern at this development: 'One worrying trend with the award is its attachment to ratings. This year's candidates appear to have been people who held high public profiles.' Yet the steadily rising numbers of nominations indicated that the award was capturing the public imagination.

454:(NADC) in 1979. The Victorian council willingly transferred responsibility for its award to the new national body, while the Canberra council agreed to discontinue its rival program. In 1982, the Victorian council was further sidelined when that state's Australian Labor Party government led by 426:

movement, while the Victorian council was staunchly committed to constitutional ties with Britain. The Victorian council also battled a common perception that it was an exclusive organisation that represented the Melbourne Establishment. Australia's turbulent political climate nourished this

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During the 1990s, the Australian of the Year award intersected noticeably with the politics of national identity. In its attempt to encourage unified national celebrations, the NADC was a strong promoter of both multiculturalism and reconciliation. The council was also linked to the growing

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Greenhalgh's bronze medallion was presented to winners of the Victorian-based Australian of the Year award for two decades. When the NADC assumed responsibility in 1980, it apparently overlooked the issue of a trophy, so Manning Clark received a framed certificate. For the 1986 award to

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Many Australians of the Year do not fit neatly into categories such as sport, science and the arts. Phillip Adams once described the past winners as "an eclectic collection of people who reflect the diversity of achievement in this country". Australians of the Year have also excelled in

1520:. Kiernan later recalled: 'the Premier and I lay on the stage, panting as the adrenaline began to flow, and wondering what to do next.' As it turned out, the man was armed only with a toy cap pistol, but the incident was a serious security breach and somewhat upstaged Kiernan's award. 485:

During the 1980s, there was an expectation that corporate sponsorship would replace Government funding and that the NADC would become self-sufficient. The list of former Australians of the Year provides circumstantial evidence of this shift towards a more popular imperative. Economist

213:, during which time it has grown steadily in significance to become one of the nation's pre-eminent awards. The Australian of the Year announcement has become a notable part of the annual Australia Day celebrations. The official announcement has grown to become a public event, and the 442:. The Canberra council also made good use of the federal parliamentary press boxes to promote its award to the national media. The Victorian council was singularly unimpressed that a rival Australia Day organisation had copied its idea – in 1977 it described its own winner, Dame 1500:

Since the 1960s, the annual announcement has become progressively more sophisticated. After the NADC took over in 1980 it usually presented the award at an Australia Day concert, which moved around the nation and was often televised. In the 1990s an Australia Day breakfast at

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award, but eventually the selection fell to the NADC board itself. Typically the matter was considered at a special two-day board meeting, which Adams likened to the election of a new Pope: 'We would go into conclave, there would be lots of hot air, then a puff of smoke.'

1535:, witnessed by a crowd of thousands and a national television audience. Specially produced video packages describe the winners in each of the four categories. The scale of the event displays a marked contrast to Sir Norman Martin's modest press conferences of the 1960s. 407:

During its first two decades, the Australian of the Year award grew steadily in national prominence, but it increasingly suffered from its close association with the Victorian Australia Day Council. A competing Australian of the Year award was established by newspaper

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comedy, this is the real deal.' All five characters have in one way or another inspired people in their local community, but none of them appears even a remotely suitable choice for Australian of the Year. Although primarily a vehicle for Lilley's comic talent,

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followed Burnet's example, becoming the second of five Australians to take out the Nobel Prize/Australian of the Year double. Achievers in the artistic realm were also well represented, including opera singer Joan Sutherland, renowned dancer and choreographer

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reported that Sir Macfarlane Burnet was anxious when a photographer asked him to display the medallion at the awards ceremony: 'The nervous scientist, whose hand with a pipette would be as steady as a rock, fumbled the medal and dropped it under the table.'

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suggest that the awards have been successful in achieving one of the core goals of the National Australia Day Council, which is to "promote good citizenship, values and achievement by recognising excellence and service to the communities and the nation".

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recalls that heated debates were common. Typically the Australian of the Year was chosen at a special two-day board meeting, which Adams likened to the election of a Pope: 'We would go into conclave, there would be lots of hot air, then a puff of smoke.'

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captain to be honoured. Despite the perception of an over-emphasis on sport, the list of past winners reveals a strong endorsement for scientific achievement; as of 2009 thirteen Australian scientists have received the honour, including ten from the

1576:: 'The trophy, symbolising achievement, incorporates a figure holding the Australian flag. The figure is made from steel and the lettering is in pewter.' In the bicentenary year Tracey was asked to cast his trophy in bronze instead of steel. 1609:

plinth is an anodised aluminium plaque containing the names and images of an Australian of the Year, there is one plaque for each year of the award. The plaques are arranged chronologically, starting at the western end of the path near

1516:, sat on the stage after receiving his award, when a gunshot was heard and an assailant rushed toward Prince Charles. Kiernan jumped to his feet and wrestled the intruder to the ground with the assistance of New South Wales Premier 631:. A long-term view also reveals that Australia's talented artists have not been neglected; ten winners have excelled in creative pursuits, including six musicians, a dancer, a painter, a comedian and a Nobel Prize-winning novelist. 494:

thoroughly deserved their awards, but were perhaps not well placed to promote the importance of Australia Day to mainstream Australia, or to secure corporate sponsorship for the NADC. Subsequent winners included marathon runner

696:

While the selection of a single Australian of the Year is bound to stimulate debate, the awards program as a whole recognises a much wider range of achievement. In 1979 the NADC named its first 'Young Australian of the Year',

399:. The focus on international achievement reflected the philosophy of the award organisers, who described the Australian of the Year as 'the person who has brought the greatest honour to Australia in the year under review.' 709:', which honours outstanding contributions to local communities. With four award categories and a system of state and national finals, the NADC now recognises a total of 128 inspiring Australian role models every year. 924:

More recently, the NADC has realised that the nominations process is important not only to the integrity of its various awards, but is also a crucial means of engaging with the Australian community. In 2004 NADC Chair

465:

The NADC made immediate changes to the selection process, appointing an independent panel of ten leading Australians from diverse fields. Despite this rigorous approach, the panel's first choice of historian

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engineers", noting also that three of the eight finalists were jointly involved in the same events. Concern has also been raised as to how a person who has not lived in a state "for 40-something years" (

1544:'worldwide competition' to design the inaugural trophy in 1960. Sir Norman hoped to attract entries from the world's finest artists, but the eventual winner was Victor Greenhalgh, the head of the 912:

The process of choosing the Australian of the Year has evolved considerably over half a century, including both the make-up of the selection committee and the system of nominations. In the 1960s

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For the first twenty years of the Australian of the Year Awards there was no specific honour reserved for younger Australia. This period several young sports stars won the main award, including

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proclaimed the new honour was symptomatic of Australia's growing confidence as a nation: 'We are beginning to count for something in the world and we should be intensely proud of this fact.'

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correspondent Nick Bryant, who recently observed that the awards program "offers an intriguing perspective on the Australian national character, which is both reinforcing and revelatory."

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visited the Australian of the Year Walk and interpreted it as a highly symbolic form of national memorial. The empty bollards stretching into the distance particularly intrigued him.

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Not all of the debate and discussion generated by the awards program has been of a serious nature. A more light-hearted portrait can be found in the award-winning television satire

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said, "The Herald knows the selection board will look closely at the 2016 process and work to improve public confidence in the awards in time for a better Australia Day in 2017".

236:. Three companion awards have been introduced, recognising both Young and Senior Australians, and proclaiming the efforts of those who work at a grass roots level through the " 1885: 873: 1523:

Since 2004 the award presentation has been held on Australia Day Eve in Canberra. The 32 finalists enjoy an eventful day including morning tea with the Prime Minister at

705:. Twenty years later the veteran country music star Slim Dusty received the inaugural 'Senior Australian of the Year' award. In 2003 the NADC introduced an award for ' 217:

ceremony is televised nationally. The award offers an insight into Australian identity, reflecting the nation's evolving relationship with world, the role of sport in

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During the 1960s, a network of state-based organisations worked hard to increase the profile of Australia Day. The most active and best resourced of these was the

1552:. Greenhalgh designed a bronze medallion, which reflected the prevailing mood as to the importance of Australia Day: its most prominent feature was a likeness of 418:

Australia Day Council also began to name a rival Australian of the Year. The Canberra council was run by a vibrant group of local inhabitants, who pursued a more

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Victorian Australia Day Council, which chose the Australian of the Year for the last time. The following year, the NADC assumed responsibility for both awards.

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and the president of the National Council for Women. Although the panel was certainly distinguished, it would in time become too closely associated with

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International achievement remained a key criterion during the award's first decade. Several sporting heroes were honoured, from America's Cup skipper

248:

The Australian of the Year award receives substantial sponsorship from private companies, including a relationship in excess of thirty years with the

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26 January each year, the National Australia Day Council encourages Australians to celebrate what's great about Australia and being Australian.'.

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During the 1960s and 1970s, the Australian of the Year award was presented at Melbourne's Australia Day Luncheon, which was held in either the

898: 3727: 685:) could be nominated as that state's representative. Following criticism of both the award process and the priorities of the 2016 recipient 2405: 529: 3992: 2120: 1809: 667:

took out the second award, but it is certainly true that women are under-represented. By 2009, 11 winners out of a total of 56 were women.

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in Sydney was the usual venue for the announcement, but more recently the concert has been revived and is held in the national capital.

3248: 4215: 3495: 2380: 2548: 252:. The close relationship with the Australian Government ensures that the award's profile and reputation is significantly enhanced. 1881: 482:

has continued to publish its own annual award, which sometimes coincides with the choice of the National Australia Day Council.

3769: 3579: 3387: 3301: 1572:, the NADC commissioned artist Michael Tracey to produce a more appropriate trophy, which the council described in its journal 533:

Recognising the role of Aboriginal Australians, Mandawuy Yunupingu, frontman of Yothu Yindi, was Australian of the Year in 1992

3665: 3505: 2573: 1484:, a shower of prepared press releases announcing the same thing landed gently on the table in front of the waiting pressmen. 3781: 3321: 3316: 3311: 2453: 4220: 4210: 4168: 4112: 4007: 3513: 3347: 3261: 1407:

Promote good citizenship, values and achievement by recognising excellence and service to the communities and the nation.

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Debates about the Australian of the Year award often revolve around the relative balance between sport, science and

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to the board of the NADC itself, whose members are appointed by the Prime Minister of the day. Former NADC chairman

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his position in 1996, the NADC asked Langley to produce an alternative trophy, which featured a map of Australia.

543:

republican movement and the campaign to change the national flag. Australians of the Year in this period included

3886: 3685: 3675: 3611: 3352: 3326: 2635: 877: 229:. It has also provoked spirited debate about the fields of endeavour that are most worthy of public recognition. 3972: 3871: 3591: 3569: 3475: 3281: 3241: 2498: 2244: 2151: 1850: 787: 775: 759: 451: 190: 142: 83: 422:

agenda than their Victorian counterparts. In particular, the Canberra council was sympathetic to the emerging

209:

Since 1960 the award for the Australian of the Year has been bestowed as part of the celebrations surrounding

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Between 1975 and 1979, the Canberra Australia Day Council named four Australians of the Year. Prime Minister

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division, and the Australian of the Year award was embroiled in a wider debate about Australian nationalism.

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and their emptiness begs the question: What sort of nation will Australia become over the next few decades?

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Promote the meaning of Australia Day through activity, education, reflection, discussion and debate; and

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For the first two decades the Australian of the Year was chosen by a panel of five, which included the

4062: 4019: 3967: 3866: 3712: 3680: 3596: 3586: 3554: 3234: 2857: 2817: 2161:, Australian of the Year Awards (quotes the line from Phillip Adams, but no original source is cited) 1919: 1569: 1456: 706: 487: 341:

to be appropriate for a national award. The panel's first choice of Nobel Prize winning immunologist

237: 3977: 3962: 3809: 3645: 3606: 3433: 2531: 2044: 1753: 1693: 1509: 676: 2512:

Hassall, Greg (31 August 2005). "Review: 'We Can Be Heroes: Finding the Australian of the Year'".

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A highly memorable Australian of the Year function occurred in 1994, when the guest of honour was

655:, religious leadership and philanthropy. There has been relatively little public debate about the 4127: 4002: 3982: 3957: 3937: 3690: 3660: 3485: 3362: 3291: 2972: 2710: 2611: 1743: 1517: 1477:

It was somehow an anticlimax when Sir Norman demanded: "Do you bear a message from the Premier?"

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The National Australia Day Council works with and for the people and government of Australia to:

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lent his support to the Canberra award when he presented the inaugural honour to Major General

226: 2558: 2187:'Executive Directors Meeting, 26–27 July 1982,' NAA C4688/1, Directors Meeting Folders, Box 13 4097: 4029: 3927: 3881: 3744: 3650: 3537: 3423: 2841: 2514: 2377: 2312: 2125: 1954: 1524: 660: 644: 571: 513: 342: 194: 1613:. The lake side is bordered by white paving stones, the land side by a white paved walkway. 1596: 857:

The Senior Australian of the Year award initially had no connection with the NADC. When the

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goals for themselves, and encourages older people to take pride in what they have achieved.

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The third of these criteria supports the NADC's key goal of encouraging good citizenship.

8: 4082: 4024: 3856: 3819: 3549: 2778: 1632: 1621: 1452: 1394:

The NADC's mission statement demonstrates how the awards program fits its wider purpose:

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is also a biting critique of what we look for in role models. In contrast, the magazine

762:, the Young Australian of the Year Awards was facilitated and coordinated nationally by 4184: 4142: 4117: 4102: 4092: 4087: 4077: 4044: 3947: 3851: 3455: 3450: 2916: 2908: 2833: 1545: 743: 548: 496: 455: 218: 4072: 3814: 2205:'Public Relations Report, June 1989,' NAA C4688/1, Directors Meetings Folders, Box 14 913: 698: 648: 447: 322: 292: 276: 249: 232:

The award program promotes active citizenship and seeks to elevate certain people as

198: 36: 4189: 3623: 3146: 2956: 926: 736: 511:, who were far more likely to attract public attention. In 1988, the editor of the 363: 222: 590:

Fiona Stanley, Australian of the Year 2003, running with Summer Olympic Torch 2008

3214: 3138: 3082: 2651: 2619: 2384: 2158: 2068:"Miranda Devine: Australian of the Year has become a vehicle for feminist agenda" 1559:, who was described on the medal as 'The Outstanding Australian 1788.' In 1961. 1549: 1481: 835: 664: 628: 376: 371: 303: 4067: 3202: 3130: 2999: 2786: 2766: 2742: 2734: 2098: 2035: 1556: 869: 858: 818: 814: 802: 767: 686: 671: 656: 618:. A recurring criticism that sport features too regularly peaked in 2004, when 446:, as 'the real Australian of the Year'. The impasse was only resolved when the 410: 163: 55: 1717: 1616: 1480:"Yes" said the messenger meekly, and as Sir Norman announced the winner to be 1465:

did not follow the script, preferring to poke fun at the stage-managed event:

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Unite all Australians through celebration with a focus on Australia Day;

770:. Hopp and his team ran the awards nationally, working closely with the 739:. Gould remains the youngest person to be named Australian of the Year. 3186: 3039: 3031: 3007: 2873: 2849: 885: 839: 806: 783: 747: 578:

1994. This resulted in there being no Australian of the Year for 1993.

500: 233: 1588:", but gave particularly prominence to the lesser-known second verse. 659:

of past winners. In 1961 several news outlets incorrectly referred to

201:. Similar awards are also conferred at the state and territory level. 3257: 3226: 2774: 2762: 1531:. The winners are announced on a specially erected stage in front of 443: 388: 338: 1489:

The 1966 announcement of the Australian of the Year, as reported in

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Significant contribution to the Australian community and nation; and

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The "Australians of the Year Walk" in Canberra was designed by the

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as 'Man of the Year'; the mistake was not allowed to continue, as

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State Library of Victoria, Subject File, 'Australian of the Year'

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See NADC Directors Meeting, 25 November 1993, NAA C4688/1 Box 14

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offers a strong endorsement of the awards program's potential:

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until, rather thankfully, he at last handed the envelope over.

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Australia Day Council (Victoria), 'Annual Report, 1970 – 1971'

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The walk is situated along a straight section of shoreline on

562:. Yunupingu's award continued a strong tradition of honouring 189:

is a national award conferred on an Australian citizen by the

793:

During that period, the awards recognised, Rebecca Chambers,

742:

Shortly after the formation of the NADC in October 1979, the

2094:"Cate McGregor's nomination: Canberra, that's in Queensland" 1874: 880:

took over responsibility for the program and Prime Minister

622:

was the fourth sporting winner in seven years and the third

1718:

Australian of the Year Awards as part of Australian society

458:

created a new Victorian Australia Day Committee within the

2529:"Editorial, 'Who makes you proud to be an Australian?'". 2458: 2015: 1724: 1431:

An inspirational role model for the Australian community.

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with a plan to increase the prominence of the award. The

606:. Fourteen winners have excelled in sports as diverse as 379:

and the four members of the chart-topping singing group

1800:

List of Senior Australian of the Year Award recipients

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Awards Announcement, Australia Day Eve 25 January 2005

831:

List of Senior Australian of the Year Award recipients

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List of Young Australian of the Year Award recipients

719:

List of Young Australian of the Year Award recipients

462:, which joined the NADC's official national network. 122: 1969:"Knock-out shock for Rose, Australian of the Year". 1738:

We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year

1620:

The Australians of the Year Walk is on the shore of

2435:McKenna, Mark (March 2008). "The Nation Reviewed". 2171:"Now Evonne Goolagong is Australian of the Year". 884:presented the award to veteran country music star 287:Australia Day Council, which had grown out of the 2395:Interview with Kristin McFarlane, 12 January 2009 638:Dame Joan Sutherland, Australian of the Year 1961 4202: 824: 2368:Interview with Warren Langley, 20 February 2009 2065: 2034: 1849:. Australian of the Year Awards. Archived from 1790:List of Australian of the Year Award recipients 1591: 1512:. The Australian of the Year, environmentalist 712: 525:John Farnham was Australian of the Year in 1987 262:List of Australian of the Year Award recipients 18:List of Australian of the Year Award recipients 2091: 1909:Interview with Phillip Adams, 16 December 2008 1805:List of Australian Local Hero Award recipients 899:List of Australian Local Hero Award recipients 547:lead singer and prominent Aboriginal identity 3242: 2574: 2511: 2484:Interview with Tam Johnston, 13 November 2008 2434: 438:, the commander of the emergency response to 2451: 2227:Interview with Warren Pearson, 27 March 2009 1905: 1903: 1810:Orders, decorations, and medals of Australia 255: 47:Contributing to positive change in Australia 1470:chairman of the Australia Day Council. ... 3249: 3235: 2581: 2567: 2235: 2233: 1538: 1389: 35: 2121:"Sober reflections on Australia Day 2016" 1900: 1826: 1824: 1527:, and lunch with the Governor General at 892: 786:until the awards were handed back to the 598:Ita Buttrose, Australian of the Year 2013 1615: 1595: 1442: 845: 834: 633: 610:, swimming, athletics, sailing, tennis, 593: 585: 566:. The first Aboriginal winner was boxer 528: 520: 345:gained general approval. The editors of 309: 297: 270: 2261:, 'Chief Executive's Officer's Report,' 2230: 2196:NAA C4688/1, Directors Meetings Folders 2040:"Sorry David, but it's the wrong fight" 1839: 1550:Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 1425:Demonstrated excellence in their field; 933: 907: 4203: 3256: 2310:"Annual Award for "Best" Australian". 1821: 3230: 2562: 2328:The Australia Day Award presented to 1933:from the original on 28 December 2016 1888:from the original on 12 December 2015 1689:, on Australia Day, 26 January 2006. 1415: 275:The first Australian of the Year Sir 1997:from the original on 27 January 2018 1639:and the Commonwealth Avenue Bridge ( 938: 853:, Senior Australian of the Year 2010 2133:from the original on 20 August 2016 2066:Devine, Miranda (31 January 2016). 863:International Year of Older Persons 13: 2416:from the original on 11 March 2016 2092:Thomas, Hedley (29 January 2016). 2020:(exhibition catalogue). Canberra: 2016:National Portrait Gallery (1996). 1294: 551:; environmentalist and republican 414:in 1971. In 1975 the newly formed 402: 14: 4232: 2542: 2466:from the original on 19 June 2020 2378:'Australian of the Year Trophies' 4216:1960 establishments in Australia 2452:Bryant, Nick (19 January 2009). 2257:National Australia Day Council, 2214:National Australia Day Council, 1682:The walk was opened by the then 1438: 581: 362:, to world champion motor racer 327:Anglican Archbishop of Melbourne 2522: 2505: 2487: 2478: 2454:"'Australian of the Year' blog" 2445: 2428: 2398: 2389: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2341: 2320: 2303: 2285: 2273: 2264: 2251: 2221: 2208: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2164: 2145: 2113: 2085: 2059: 2028: 2009: 1882:"Whose Australian of the Year?" 878:Department of Health and Ageing 842:, Australian Senior of the Year 289:Australian Natives' Association 2549:Australian of the Year website 2499:National Australia Day Council 2406:"Australians of the Year Walk" 2332:, Australian of the Year, 1973 2245:National Australia Day Council 1979: 1962: 1958:. 31 January 1988. p. 50. 1945: 1865: 754:In 1996, at the invitation of 452:National Australia Day Council 243: 191:National Australia Day Council 84:National Australia Day Council 1: 2316:. 16 January 1960. p. 6. 2177:. 18 January 1972. p. 2. 2022:National Library of Australia 1975:. 18 January 1972. p. 2. 1835:. 27 January 1961. p. 2. 1815: 1637:National Library of Australia 825:Senior Australian of the Year 774:Councils in every state, and 370:. The pioneering neurologist 317:, 1968 Australian of the Year 306:, Australian of the Year 1965 279:, Australian of the Year 1960 2554:Australians of the Year Walk 2336:Mitchell Library (Australia) 1692:In December 2007 journalist 1670:Australians of the Year Walk 1600:Australians of the Year Walk 1592:Australians of the Year Walk 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 713:Young Australian of the Year 225:, and the special status of 94:Reflect. Respect. Celebrate. 7: 1783: 1684:Prime Minister of Australia 647:, the military, social and 105:; 64 years ago 10: 4237: 4221:Annual events in Australia 4211:Awards established in 1960 2410:National Capital Authority 1611:Commonwealth Avenue Bridge 1606:National Capital Authority 896: 874:National Seniors Australia 828: 716: 259: 204: 15: 4155: 4053: 3923: 3914: 3805: 3796: 3743: 3619:Intelligence and security 3545: 3536: 3504: 3409: 3400: 3335: 3277: 3268: 3168: 3072: 2981: 2890: 2799: 2692: 2601: 1927:s Australian of the Year" 691:The Sydney Morning Herald 555:; and Chinese-Australian 329:, the vice-chancellor of 256:Awards history, by decade 148: 138: 134:Television/radio coverage 133: 117: 99: 89: 79: 71: 61: 51: 43: 34: 29: 1510:Charles, Prince of Wales 766:under the leadership of 537: 266: 2535:: 1–2. 22 January 2007. 2018:Australians of the Year 1742:(2005), in which actor 1539:Medallions and trophies 1390:Contemporary governance 1148:Politics/Public office 651:, business enterprise, 335:Lord Mayor of Melbourne 4013:Indigenous Australians 3514:States and territories 2594:Australian of the Year 2282:, 15 January 1966, p.2 1991:Australian of the Year 1773: 1715: 1628: 1601: 1586:Advance Australia Fair 1498: 1448: 974:Science (non-medical) 893:Australia's Local Hero 867:Minister for Aged Care 854: 843: 707:Australia's Local Hero 639: 599: 591: 564:Indigenous Australians 534: 526: 318: 307: 280: 238:Australia's Local Hero 227:Indigenous Australians 187:Australian of the Year 30:Australian of the Year 3307:Territorial evolution 2515:Sydney Morning Herald 2313:Sydney Morning Herald 2126:Sydney Morning Herald 1955:Sydney Morning Herald 1759: 1698: 1619: 1599: 1467: 1446: 1206:Non-science academic 897:Further information: 849: 838: 829:Further information: 717:Further information: 661:Sir Macfarlane Burnet 645:public administration 637: 597: 589: 532: 524: 514:Sydney Morning Herald 499:, comedian and actor 343:Sir Macfarlane Burnet 313: 301: 274: 260:Further information: 195:Australian Government 16:Further information: 3753:Cabinet of Australia 3728:Government ministers 3496:World Heritage Sites 3302:European exploration 2383:21 July 2008 at the 2348:Australia Day Update 2218:, Chairman's Message 1987:"What's your cause?" 1574:Australia Day Update 934:Statistical profiles 908:Choosing the winners 460:Premier's Department 331:Melbourne University 3825:Gross state product 2779:Galarrwuy Yunupingu 2350:, Vol 8 No 2 (1987) 2157:11 May 2013 at the 2129:. 30 January 2016. 2072:The Daily Telegraph 2045:The Daily Telegraph 2038:(27 January 2016). 1654: / 1633:Lake Burley Griffin 1622:Lake Burley Griffin 1061:Indigenous affairs 861:declared 1999 the ' 795:Nova Peris-Kneebone 677:The Daily Telegraph 492:Sir Edward Williams 193:, a not-for-profit 4143:Australian studies 4078:Australian English 3887:Telecommunications 3723:Government leaders 3666:Political ideology 2917:Mandawuy Yunupingu 2909:Peter Hollingworth 2842:Lowitja O'Donoghue 2834:Robert de Castella 2501:. 2005. p. 8. 2259:Annual Report 2008 2247:. 2007. p. 9. 2216:Annual Report 2004 1659:35.295°S 149.129°E 1629: 1602: 1449: 1416:Selection criteria 1119:Community Service 855: 844: 758:, chairman of the 744:Northern Territory 689:, an editorial in 640: 600: 592: 572:Lowitja O'Donoghue 549:Mandawuy Yunupingu 535: 527: 497:Robert de Castella 319: 308: 281: 219:Australian culture 4198: 4197: 4151: 4150: 3973:Human trafficking 3910: 3909: 3792: 3791: 3592:Foreign relations 3532: 3531: 3396: 3395: 3343:Asian Australians 3224: 3223: 2295:; Jarratt, Phil. 1387: 1386: 1292: 1291: 1235:Military service 939:Award by category 914:Sir Norman Martin 811:James Fitzpatrick 699:community service 488:Sir John Crawford 448:Fraser government 323:Victorian Premier 293:Sir Norman Martin 277:Macfarlane Burnet 250:Commonwealth Bank 199:social enterprise 183: 182: 179: 178: 4228: 4178: 4171: 4164: 4040:Waste management 3921: 3920: 3842:Household income 3803: 3802: 3765:Governor-General 3575:Electoral system 3543: 3542: 3407: 3406: 3275: 3274: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3209: 3201: 3193: 3185: 3177: 3153: 3147:Michelle Simmons 3145: 3137: 3129: 3121: 3113: 3105: 3097: 3089: 3081: 3062: 3054: 3046: 3038: 3030: 3022: 3014: 3006: 2998: 2990: 2971: 2963: 2955: 2947: 2939: 2931: 2923: 2915: 2907: 2899: 2880: 2872: 2864: 2856: 2848: 2840: 2832: 2824: 2816: 2808: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2753: 2741: 2733: 2725: 2717: 2711:Evonne Goolagong 2709: 2701: 2682: 2674: 2666: 2658: 2650: 2642: 2634: 2626: 2618: 2610: 2583: 2576: 2569: 2560: 2559: 2537: 2536: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2375: 2369: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2237: 2228: 2225: 2219: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2168: 2162: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2089: 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649:community work 583: 580: 539: 536: 507:and cricketer 480:The Australian 411:The Australian 404: 401: 268: 265: 257: 254: 245: 242: 206: 203: 181: 180: 177: 176: 166: 161: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 131: 130: 119: 115: 114: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 63: 59: 58: 56:Australia Post 53: 49: 48: 45: 41: 40: 32: 31: 23: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4233: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4008:Ethnic groups 4006: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 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3025: 3019: 3017: 3016:Fiona Stanley 3011: 3009: 3003: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2992:Gustav Nossal 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2965:Cathy Freeman 2960: 2958: 2957:Peter Doherty 2952: 2950: 2944: 2942: 2936: 2934: 2928: 2926: 2920: 2918: 2912: 2910: 2904: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2869: 2867: 2861: 2859: 2853: 2851: 2845: 2843: 2837: 2835: 2829: 2827: 2821: 2819: 2818:John Crawford 2813: 2811: 2810:Manning Clark 2805: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2756: 2755:Edward Dunlop 2750: 2748: 2747:Alan Stretton 2744: 2738: 2736: 2730: 2728: 2727:Patrick White 2722: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2706: 2704: 2703:Norman Gilroy 2698: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2663: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2647: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2628:Jock Sturrock 2623: 2621: 2615: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2572: 2570: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2534: 2533: 2532:Eureka Street 2525: 2517: 2516: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2495:Annual Report 2490: 2481: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2448: 2440: 2439: 2431: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2392: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2374: 2365: 2356: 2349: 2344: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2330:Patrick White 2323: 2315: 2314: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2281: 2276: 2267: 2260: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2234: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2176: 2175: 2167: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2148: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2116: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2088: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2012: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1982: 1974: 1973: 1965: 1957: 1956: 1952:"Editorial". 1948: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1915: 1906: 1904: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1868: 1852: 1848: 1847:"An Overview" 1842: 1834: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1778: 1777:Eureka Street 1769: 1768:Eureka Street 1763: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1754:Eureka Street 1750: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1712:, March 2008. 1711: 1710: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1680: 1676: 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4003:Demographics 3968:Homelessness 3867:Reserve Bank 3681:Conservatism 3629:Constitution 3597:Human rights 3555:Constitution 3506:Subdivisions 3287:Bibliography 3195:Dylan Alcott 3179:James Muecke 3107:Ita Buttrose 3091:Simon McKeon 3048:Tim Flannery 2924: 2901:Fred Hollows 2882:Allan Border 2866:John Farnham 2791:Harry Butler 2660:Jack Brabham 2612:Frank Burnet 2593: 2530: 2524: 2513: 2507: 2494: 2489: 2480: 2468:. Retrieved 2457: 2447: 2436: 2430: 2418:. Retrieved 2400: 2391: 2373: 2364: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2327: 2322: 2311: 2305: 2297:Coming Clean 2296: 2293:Kiernan, Ian 2287: 2279: 2275: 2266: 2258: 2253: 2240: 2223: 2215: 2210: 2201: 2192: 2183: 2172: 2166: 2147: 2135:. Retrieved 2124: 2115: 2103:. Retrieved 2097: 2087: 2075:. Retrieved 2071: 2061: 2049:. Retrieved 2043: 2030: 2017: 2011: 1999:. Retrieved 1990: 1981: 1970: 1964: 1953: 1947: 1935:. Retrieved 1921: 1914: 1890:. Retrieved 1876: 1867: 1855:. 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1816:References 1723:including 1668: ( 1646:35°17′42″S 1570:Dick Smith 1529:Yarralumla 1518:John Fahey 886:Slim Dusty 840:Slim Dusty 807:Ian Thorpe 790:in 2003. 784:Lisa Curry 778:Chairmain 748:Ella Stack 701:volunteer 501:Paul Hogan 490:and judge 424:republican 366:and boxer 66:25 January 4035:Squatting 3988:Languages 3953:Education 3933:Aged care 3897:Transport 3706:Socialism 3686:Far-right 3676:Christian 3671:Anarchism 3634:Judiciary 3570:Donations 3565:Elections 3476:Mountains 3424:Continent 3402:Geography 3322:1901–1945 3317:1851–1900 3312:1788–1850 3258:Australia 2775:Alan Bond 2763:Raigh Roe 2441:(32): 10. 1525:The Lodge 1453:Town Hall 1264:Business 1090:Religion 670:In 2016, 503:, singer 456:John Cain 444:Raigh Roe 389:Athol Guy 339:Melbourne 285:Victorian 240:" award. 75:Australia 4185:Category 4030:Religion 3928:Abortion 3882:Taxation 3651:Monarchy 3646:Military 3602:Intersex 3538:Politics 3519:Capitals 3383:Monarchy 3378:Military 3358:Economic 3336:By topic 3282:Timeline 3262:articles 2925:no award 2464:Archived 2414:Archived 2381:Archived 2155:Archived 2131:Archived 1995:Archived 1931:Archived 1886:Archived 1831:"none". 1784:See also 1765:— 1704:— 1626:Canberra 1554:Governor 1487:— 653:academia 604:the arts 416:Canberra 215:Canberra 4162:Outline 4133:Theatre 4123:Symbols 4088:Cuisine 4055:Culture 3916:Society 3892:Tourism 3862:Poverty 3798:Economy 3580:Parties 3481:Regions 3471:Islands 3466:Geology 3461:Forests 3429:Deserts 3414:Climate 3388:Railway 3270:History 3217:(joint) 3161:(joint) 2949:John Yu 2592:of the 2590:Winners 2280:The Age 2241:Charter 2174:The Age 1972:The Age 1857:21 July 1833:The Age 1561:The Age 1548:at the 1492:The Age 1462:The Age 1455:or the 1330:Female 1322:2020-29 1319:2010–19 1316:2000–09 1313:1990–99 1310:1980–89 1307:1970–79 1304:1960–69 966:2020–29 963:2010–19 960:2000–09 957:1990–99 954:1980–89 951:1970–79 948:1960–69 865:,' the 608:cricket 560:John Yu 348:The Age 205:History 197:-owned 139:Network 118:Website 108: ( 72:Country 4190:Portal 4083:Cinema 4025:Racism 3998:People 3857:Mining 3820:Energy 3815:Dollar 3560:Courts 3550:Asylum 3524:Cities 3491:Rivers 3439:issues 3260: 1325:Total 1177:Sport 969:Total 799:Tan Le 612:boxing 333:, the 325:, the 171: 157: 143:ABC TV 4169:Index 4118:Sport 4113:Radio 4103:Music 4093:Dance 4045:Women 3948:Crime 3852:Media 3718:Women 3456:Fauna 3451:Flora 3169:2020s 3073:2010s 2982:2000s 2891:1990s 2800:1980s 2693:1970s 2602:1960s 2596:Award 1925:' 1359:Male 1003:Arts 538:1990s 267:1960s 90:Motto 24:Award 4073:Arts 3782:list 3770:list 3758:list 3607:LGBT 3208:2024 3200:2023 3192:2022 3184:2021 3176:2020 3152:2019 3144:2018 3136:2017 3128:2016 3120:2015 3112:2014 3104:2013 3096:2012 3088:2011 3080:2010 3061:2009 3053:2008 3045:2007 3037:2006 3029:2005 3021:2004 3013:2003 3005:2002 2997:2001 2989:2000 2970:1999 2962:1998 2954:1997 2946:1996 2938:1995 2930:1994 2922:1993 2914:1992 2906:1991 2898:1990 2879:1989 2871:1988 2863:1987 2855:1986 2847:1985 2839:1984 2831:1983 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