1848:
1691:
5948:
6877:
7128:
6802:
6817:
7053:
1767:
7038:
6032:
7008:
6701:
6862:
2137:
7098:
44:
6892:
6562:
6774:
6847:
7113:
6592:
6759:
6993:
1864:
7157:
2197:
6936:
7143:
7083:
6907:
5936:
7068:
7023:
1562:. The differences to the current flag were the six-pointed Commonwealth Star, while the components stars in the Southern Cross had different numbers of points, with more if the real star was brighter. This led to five stars of nine, eight, seven, six and five points respectively. The Inner Diameter of the six-pointed Federal Star in the lower Hoist was larger than that of the later seven-pointed version of the Federal Star in the lower Hoist. Alpha Crucis and Delta Crucis were of different sizes than they are todayβwith Alpha being larger than at present and Delta being smaller than at present.
6547:
6965:
1636:
1629:
6832:
2167:
1824:
the chief national symbol, although no cabinet documents yet released to the public including the more detailed minutes have ever been adduced in support of this theory. This theory is unlikely, as since 1904 the
Australian Government had given precedence to the blue ensign, for example by giving the right to fly it in schools in 1940. Blue suited the anti-communist policy of the Menzies government (and other organisations such as the Catholic Church), however it was also suitable to the Labor party as it was the same colour as the Eureka Flag. The Red Ensign continues to be paraded on
6532:
6056:
6292:
6517:
6622:
1622:
6304:
6729:
6577:
1722:
896:
5960:
2122:
6466:
6478:
2182:
1409:
1423:
6950:
6181:
5818:
6359:
6637:
6979:
2152:
6454:
1487:
6670:
472:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1349:, which is similar in design to the present National Flag. The differences were that there was no Commonwealth Star, while the components of the Southern Cross are depicted with eight points and in gold. This flag was only briefly in usage, as two years after the formation of the Anti-Transportation League in 1851, the colonial authorities decided to stop the intake of convicts, so the ATL ceased its activities. The Eureka Flag has become an enduring symbol in Australian culture and has been used by various groups and movements. The
879:
6390:
1381:
6008:
5984:
6440:
6430:
6380:
5972:
1367:
6193:
70:
65:
1709:
6218:
6044:
5912:
6744:
6081:
5866:
6157:
6133:
865:
7171:
1153:
231:
6922:
6020:
2211:
1682:
that chosen by the judges to the
Admiralty for final approval. The Admiralty chose the Red for private vessels and Blue Ensigns for government ships. The Barton government regarded both the Blue and Red Ensigns as colonial maritime flags and "grudgingly" agreed to fly it only on naval ships. Later governments, that of Chris Watson in 1904 and Andrew Fisher in 1910, were also unhappy with the design, wanting something "more distinctive" and more "indicative of Australian unity".
6370:
5842:
1129:
912:
6145:
5996:
2484:
7287:
75:
6230:
6169:
5900:
6242:
5924:
1282:. This bill sought to make it an offence to desecrate the flag by "wilfully destroying or otherwise mutilating the Australian National Flag in circumstances where a reasonable person would infer that the destruction or mutilation is intended publicly to express contempt or disrespect for the Flag or the Australian Nation". The bill received a second reading but subsequently lapsed and did not proceed to be voted in the House of Representatives.
2470:
6267:
5854:
1471:
6337:
1395:
5830:
6093:
1804:
1328:. The second version post-1801 is depicted on the Australian flag. Each colony also had its own flag based on the British Blue Ensign, defaced with a state badge. As an Australian national consciousness began to emerge, several flag movements were formed and unofficial new flags came into common usage. Two attempts were made throughout the nineteenth century to design a national flag. The first such attempt was the
6788:
1141:
stations when there is a national election or referendum. Government ships, fishing vessels, pleasure craft, small craft and commercial vessels under 24 metres in tonnage length, can fly either the Red Ensign or the
Australian National Flag, but not both. The British Blue Ensign can be flown on an Australian owned ship instead of the Australian flag if the owner has a warrant valid under British law.
2386:(ANFA) (established 1983), which wants to keep the existing flag. The primary arguments for keeping the flag cite historic precedence, while those for changing the flag are based around the idea that the status quo does not accurately depict Australia's status as an independent and multicultural nation, nor is its design unique enough to easily distinguish it from similar flags, such as the flags of
1455:
1525:
and a blue ensign for naval and official use. The judging criteria for the designs included historical relevance, compliance with the conventions of heraldry, originality, utility, and the cost of manufacture. The majority of designs incorporated the Union Flag and the
Southern Cross, but native animals were also popular, including one that depicted a variety of indigenous animals playing
1337:, also designed by Nicholson. This flag was the same at the National Colonial Flag, except that the cross was blue instead of resembling that of St. George. Although the flag was designed by Nicholson in 1831, it did not become widely popular until the latter part of the century, when calls for federation began to grow louder. These flags, and many others such as the
3794:
same design as the Gamma Star (1/7 fly width, seven points) thus making the
Southern Cross the same as on the current flag. The 1901 six-point and 1908 seven-point Commonwealth Star outer diameters were both 3/10 of the fly width. However the inner diameters were different. The six-point was half, and the seven-point is 4/9 of the Commonwealth Star outer diameter.
1149:
dropped on the ground, nor should it be used to cover an object in the lead-up to an unveiling ceremony, or to hide other material. Flags that have decayed or faded should not be displayed. Old or decayed flags should be disposed of in private "in a dignified way"; a method given as an example is to cut the flag into small pieces before being placed in the waste.
705:: justice, prudence, temperance and fortitude. The number of points on the stars of the Southern Cross on the modern Australian flag differs from the original competition-winning design, in which they ranged between five and nine points each, representing their relative brightness in the night sky. The stars are named after the first five letters of the
2300:, felt that the government was appropriating their flag, saying it "doesn't need any more recognition". However, Thomas later transferred the flag's copyright to the Commonwealth Government, expressing hope that doing so would "provide comfort to all Aboriginal people and Australians to use the flag".
4290:
M.O.58 (1908) Attention is directed to
Statutory Rule 27/08 published in M.O. 58/08. The Australian Ensign will accordingly be flown at all flag stations throughout the Commonwealth. M.O.135 (1911) It is directed that in future the Australian flag is to be used as the saluting flag at all reviews and
1883:
MP, it had the same status as the Union Flag in the UK, when the
Australian House of Representatives proclaimed that the Blue Ensign "should be flown upon all forts, vessels, saluting places and public buildings of the Commonwealth upon all occasions when flags are used". The government agreed to fly
1777:
In the decades following federation the red ensign was also the pre-eminent flag in use by private citizens on land. This was largely due to the
Commonwealth government, assisted by flag suppliers, discouraging the use of the blue ensign by the general public. Both the blue and red versions were used
1214:
The
Australian National Flag may be used for commercial or advertising purposes without formal permission as long as the flag is used in a dignified manner and reproduced completely and accurately; it should not be defaced by overprinting with words or illustrations, it should not be covered by other
2059:
intended to replace the missing original flag. This flag was not a replica of the original flag, on which the
Commonwealth Star had only six points, but was a current Australian National Flag with a seven pointed Commonwealth Star. The flag has a special headband, including a cardinal red stripe and
1947:
In 1940 the Victorian government passed legislation allowing schools to purchase Blue Ensigns, which in turn allowed its use by private citizens. Prime Minister Robert Menzies then recommended schools, government building and private citizens to use the Blue Ensign, issuing a statement the following
1887:
On 2 June 1904 a resolution was passed by parliament to replace the Union Jack with the "Australian flag" on forts. Initially the Department of Defence resisted using the Flag, considering it to be a marine ensign and favouring King's Regulations that specified the use of the Union Jack. After being
851:
The shade of the red colour in the canton of the Australian flag (Pantone 185C, Hex: #FF0000) is actually generally lighter than the shade used (no specific shade is specified) in the British flag (Pantone 186C, Hex: #C8102E) from which it originated. The blue colour has a different hex code for RGB
3793:
The 1901 Southern Cross star-points ranged from nine (Alpha) to five (Epsilon) and inner diameter of each was 4/9 of their outer diameters. Beta, Gamma and Epsilon were the same outer diameter as today, Alpha was 1/6 and Delta 1/10 of the fly width. In 1903 Alpha, Beta and Delta were altered to the
2669:
In South Australia from 1916 state schools were not allowed to fly an Australian ensign instead of the Union Jack, reflecting the suppression of its large German-speaking minority and the closure of their Lutheran schools. Their children, insisted John Verran, Labor MP, must be 'taught by those who
2037:
since 1985. The inaugural event was held under the auspices of the New South Wales branch of the Australian National Flag Association to commemorate the anniversary of the flag being first flown in 1901. On Flag Day, ceremonies are held in schools, major centres, and the Governor-General, Governors
1999:
South Australia chose to continue with the Union Flag as National flag until 1956, when schools were given the option of using either the Union or Australian flags. The Union Flag was still regarded as the National flag by many Australians well into the 1970s, which inspired Arthur Smout's campaign
1823:
declared the Blue Ensign to be the national flag and the Red Ensign the flag of the Australian mercantile marine. It has been claimed that this choice was made on the basis that the predominately red version carried too many communist overtones for the government of the day to be legislated for as
1681:
with a star added, many critics in both the Federal Government and the New South Wales government objected to the chosen flag for being "too Victorian". They wanted the Australian Federation Flag, and Prime Minister Barton, who had been promoting the Federation Flag, submitted this flag along with
1590:
In years to come the flag which floated yesterday in the Exhibition building over Her Excellency the Countess of Hopetoun, who stood for Great Britain, and the Prime Minister (Mr Barton), who stood for Australia, will, in all human probability, become the emblem upon which the millions of the free
1524:
agreed to being integrated into the government initiative. The Β£75 prize money of each competition were combined and augmented by a further Β£50 donated by Havelock Tobacco Company. Each competitor was required to submit two coloured sketches, a red ensign for the merchant service and public use,
2067:
A warrant authorising the use of the Centenary Flag under section 6 of the Flags Act was issued by the Governor-General and the flag is now used as the official flag of state on important occasions. These included the opening of new parliamentary terms and when visiting heads of state arrive. The
1972:
This bill is very largely a formal measure which puts into legislative form what has become almost the established practice in Australia ... The design adopted was submitted to His Majesty King Edward VII, and he was pleased to approve of it as the Australian flag in 1902. However, no legislative
1892:
stated in parliament that he was not satisfied with the design of the Australian flag and that implementation of the 1904 resolution could wait until consideration was given to "adopt another which in our opinion is more appropriate". In 1908, Australian Army Military Order, No 58/08 ordered the
1148:
also advises that the flag should only be flown during daylight hours, unless it is illuminated. Two flags should not be flown from the same flagpole. The flag should not be displayed upside down under any circumstances, not even to express a situation of distress. The flag is not to be placed or
1140:
The National Flag must always be flown in a position superior to that of any other flag or ensign when flown in Australia or on Australian territory, and it should always be flown aloft and free. The flag must be flown in all government buildings and (where possible) displayed in or near polling
2421:
to require any changes to the national flag design to be passed at a plebiscite along the same lines of the 1977 national song poll. In 2002 it also supplied ANFA's promotional video free to all primary schools and in 2004 required all schools receiving federal funds to fly the Australian flag.
1943:
In the 1920s there was debate over whether the Blue Ensign was reserved for Commonwealth buildings only, culminating in a 1924 agreement that the Union Flag should take precedence as the National Flag with state and local governments henceforth able to use the blue ensign. As the Union Flag was
1136:
Guidelines for flying the flag are laid out in the pamphlet "Australian Flags", which is infrequently published by the Australian Government. The guidelines say that the Australian National Flag is allowed to be flown on every day of the year, and that it "should be treated with the respect and
1167:, it should be recognisably at half-mastβfor example, a third of the way down from the top of the pole. The Australian flag should never be flown half mast at night, unless directed to half-mast for an extended period. Days on which flags are flown at half-mast on government buildings include,
1332:
created in 1823β1824 by Captains John Nicholson and John Bingle. This flag consisted of a red cross on a white background, with an eight-point star on each of the four limbs of the cross, while incorporating a Union Jack in the canton. The most popular national flag of the period was the 1831
2457:
that asked: "Do you think Australia should have a new design for our National Flag?" was supported by 29% of respondents and opposed by 66%, with 5% uncommitted. A 2013 survey found that 95 per cent of surveyed adults stated that they took pride in the national flag, which was enjoying
1609:... Minds move slowly: and Australia is still Britain's little boy. What more natural than that he should accept his father's cut-down garments, β lacking the power to protest, and only dimly realising his will. That bastard flag is a true symbol of the bastard state of Australian opinion.
2352:
1757:
had officially approved the design as the flag of Australia on 11 February 1903. The published version made all the stars in the Southern Cross seven-pointed and of equal size apart from the smallestβand is the same as the current design except for the six-pointed Commonwealth Star.
1800:"the Red Ensign is the flag to be flown by the public generally" and the federal government policy was "The flying of the Commonwealth Blue Ensign is reserved for Commonwealth Government use but there is no reservation in the case of the Commonwealth Merchant Flag, or Red Ensign".
1782:). A colourised version of a photograph held by the Australian War Memorial of the Armistice Day celebrations in Sydney's Martin Place, 11 November 1918, reveals both ensigns being displayed by the assembled crowd. Illustrations and photos of the opening of Australia's provisional
2458:
increasing popularity; half (50%) said they were extremely proud. Conversely, a 2016 self-selected non-weighted online survey from Western Sydney University found that 64% of the responders wanted the flag to change, with 36% wanting it to remain the same.
2375:, who publicly supported a change in the flag, saying "I do not believe that the symbols and the expression of the full sovereignty of Australian nationhood can ever be complete while we have a flag with the flag of another country on the corner of it."
1357:. It is the same as the National Colonial Flag, except that the white background in the three quadrants other the canton were replaced with four alternating blue and white stripes, representing the four major rivers that run into the Murray River.
1831:
Technically, private non-commercial vessels were liable to a substantial fine if they did not fly the British Red Ensign. However, an Admiralty Warrant was issued on 5 December 1938, authorising these vessels to fly the Australian Red Ensign. The
1533:
in Melbourne and the judges took six days to deliberate before reaching their conclusion. Five almost identical entries were chosen as the winning design, and the designers shared the Β£200 (2021: $ 35,200) prize money, with Β£40 each. They were
1795:
covering the flags of the world and containing coloured illustrations describes the red ensign as "Australia – Merchant" and omits the blue ensign altogether. A memo from the Prime Minister's Department dated 6 March 1939
1575:
a huge "Blue Ensign," with the prize design of the Southern Cross and a six pointed star thereon, was run up to the top of the flagstaff on the dome, and breaking, streamed out on the heavy south-westerly breeze a brave and inspiriting
1931:
remained the most popular Australian flag for public and even some official events. It was flown at the 1907 State Premiers conference in Melbourne and during the 1927 visit to Australia of the Duke and Duchess of York, the future
568:
was officially adopted in 1903. It was later modified to the current design on 8 December 1908, with the change from a six to a seven point Commonwealth Star. In 1954, the flag was recognised in legislation with the passage of the
3498:
1991:, which had been passed two months earlier. The monarch's assent was timed to coincide with the Queen's visit to the country and came after she had opened the new session of Parliament. The act confers statutory powers on the
1210:
The department provides an email service called the Commonwealth Flag Network, which gives information on national occasions to fly the flag at half-mast as well as national days of commemoration and celebration of the flag.
717:
standardised the size and shape of the four larger outer stars at seven points and each of the same size, leaving the smaller, more central star with five points. This change was officially gazetted on 23 February 1903.
2366:
There have been mild but persistent debates over whether or not the Union Flag should be removed from the canton of the Australian flag. This debate has culminated on several occasions, such as the period preceding the
1508:βa Melbourne-based publicationβ suggested that entries incorporate a design based on the British ensigns and around the Southern Cross, noting that designs without these emblems were unlikely to be successful. After
2003:
By the mid-1980s, the Commonwealth Government no longer reminded Australians they had the right to fly the Union Flag alongside the National Flag or provided illustrations of how to correctly display them together.
4919:
1995:
to appoint "flags and ensigns of Australia" and authorise warrants and make rules as to use of flags. Section 8 ensures that the "right or privilege" of a person to fly the Union Flag is not affected by the act.
1188:
On the death of a distinguished Australian citizen in accordance with protocol. Flags in any locality may be flown at half-mast on the death of a notable local citizen or on the day, or part of the day, of their
1175:β from the time of announcement of the death up to and including the funeral. On the day the accession of the new sovereign is proclaimed, it is customary to raise the flag to the top of the mast from 11 am.
1884:
the Blue Ensign on special flag days, but not if it meant additional expense, which undermined the motion. The Blue Ensign could only be flown on a state government building if a state flag was not available.
674:, and any future territories. Another rationale for the change was to match the star used on the coat of arms, which was created in the same year. The Commonwealth Star does not have any official relation to
2452:
that asked: "Are you personally in favour or against changing the Australian flag so as to remove the Union Jack emblem?" was supported by 32% of respondents and opposed by 57%, with 11% uncommitted. A 2010
943:
a large seven-pointed white star (six representing the six states of Australia and one representing the territories) in the centre of the lower quarter next to the staff and pointing direct to the centre of
4900:
2096:
before becomes too faded or too tattered, be taken down and perhaps offered to a museum or an art gallery as the seminal flag that flew over this building 100 years from the time the first flag was flown?
5799:
4975:
2258:) until the adoption of similar ensigns based on the Australian National Flag in 1948 and 1967 respectively. The current Navy and Air Force Ensigns were officially appointed in 1967 and 1982 respectively.
1729:
On 3 September 1901, the new Australian flag flew for the first time from the dome of the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne. The names of the joint winners of the design competition were announced by
4572:
It reads: "The Centenary Flag. Presented to the Hon John Howard MP, Prime Minister of Australia on behalf of the people of Australia by the Australian National Flag Association on 3 September 2001 at the
3180:
2230:, the Governor-General may proclaim flags other than the National Flag and the Red Ensign as flags or ensigns of Australia. Five flags have been appointed in this manner. The first two were the
1786:
in 1927 show Australian Ensigns flown alongside Union Flags. However, sources disagree on the colours of the Australian flags, leaving open the possibility that either ensign or both were used.
1839:
As a result of the declaration of 3 September as Merchant Navy Day in 2008, the Red Ensign can be flown on land alongside the Australian national flag on this occasion as a matter of protocol.
1797:
1944:
recognised as the National flag, it was considered disloyal to fly either ensign without the Union flag alongside, and it was the Union Flag that covered the coffins of Australia's war dead.
2262:
5166:
2670:
are British, and taught what it is to be British'. Under Labor, 'I love my country' became 'I love my country, the British Empire', in the words accompanying the salute of the Union Jack.
6718:
5485:
2502:
2318:
required the proclamations of these flags to be lodged in a Federal Register. Due to an administrative oversight they were not, and the proclamations were automatically repealed. The
2136:
5129:
2555:
1908:. Despite the government wanting to use the Blue Ensign on Australian warships, officers continued to fly the Union Flag, and it was not until 1913, following public protest in
2945:
2250:
has no ensign of its own, but they are given the ceremonial task to be the defender of the National Flag. The Air Force and the Navy flew the appropriate British ensigns (the
1215:
objects in displays, and all symbolic parts of the flag should be identifiable. It also must sit first (typically, left) where more than one flag is used. For this reason the
1893:"Australian Ensign" replace the Union Flag at all military establishments. From 1911 it was the saluting flag of the Australian army at all reviews and ceremonial parades.
4577:, Melbourne to commemorate the first flying of the Australian National Flag on 3 September 1901 attended by the Rt Hon Sir Edmund Barton MHR, Prime Minister of Australia."
4916:
5702:
2441:. The date of the release was met with some backlash, which Harold Scruby, Ausflag's executive director called "the lowest form of censorship". Following the release,
1250:, proposed to introduce laws banning desecration of the Australian flag, a call that attracted support from some parliamentarians both in his own party and the senior
2101:
1192:
On the death of the head of state of another country with which Australia has diplomatic relations β the flag would be flown at half-mast on the day of the funeral.
4897:
1145:
738:
4481:
3149:
1973:
action has ever been taken to determine the precise form of the flag or the circumstances of its use, and this bill has been brought down to produce that result.
4834:
2445:, then-prime minister and a former Ausflag director, told the group that the flag would never change, viewing it as an important symbol of Australian history.
4972:
3247:
670:, also known as the Federation Star, originally had six points, representing the six federating colonies. In 1908, a seventh point was added to symbolise the
2337:
and the Australian Federal Police Flag, eight Vice-Regal flags and nine state and territory flags that are recognised as official flags through other means.
659:
The Union Jack acknowledges the history of British settlement in Australia. Historically, it was included in the design as a demonstration of loyalty to the
4742:
3717:
6036:
3931:
3280:
713:
in the sky. Alpha was originally larger than Beta and Gamma whilst Delta was originally smaller than Beta and Gamma. In order to simplify manufacture, the
3172:
2406:
sharing near identical flags). The similarity between the flag of Australia and those of other countries is often derived from a common colonial history.
1529:, a six-tailed kangaroo representing the six Australian states, and a kangaroo aiming a gun at the Southern Cross. The entries were put on display at the
2166:
3210:
2104:
and has been paraded at schools to mark Australian National Flag Day on a tour of the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Queensland.
576:
This act also ended the confusion since 1901 as to whether the red ensign or the blue ensign was to be used, with the blue ensign designated as the
2196:
2429:, and holds flag design competitions, while ANFA's activities include promotion of the existing flag through events such as National Flag Day. On
6939:
5366:
2181:
7335:
5068:
2307:
was proclaimed in 2000. This flag is used to represent the Defence Force when more than one branch of the military is involved, such as at the
1516:
held an official competition for a new federal flag in April. The competition attracted 32,823 entries, including those originally sent to the
500:
6012:
2322:
issued new proclamations dated 25 January 2008, with effect from 1 January 2008 (or 1 October 2006 in the case of the Defence Force Ensign).
1262:, rejected the calls, stating that "in the end I guess it's part of the sort of free speech code that we have in this country". In 2003, the
6031:
5495:
1414:
1346:
5530:
1206:
flags are flown at peak until 10:30 am, at half-mast from 10:30 am to 11:02 am, then at peak for the remainder of the day.
613:
5140:
2536:
2064:
speech that urged Federation, due to the "crimson thread of kinship" of a common British origin that connected the colonists together.
1819:
In the 1940s, the federal government began to encourage public use of the blue ensign. Despite this, there remained confusion until the
7325:
7242:
5952:
5591:
5232:
4053:
2121:
3390:
701:, one of the flag's designers, intended the Southern Cross to also refer to the four moral virtues ascribed to the four main stars by
7315:
7247:
5285:
4764:
3950:
2933:
2142:
1836:
reaffirmed that the Australian Red Ensign was the proper colours for commercial ships over 24 metres (79 ft) in tonnage length.
461:
4517:
7215:
7057:
6791:
5311:
17:
7340:
5940:
5563:
2746:
3588:
3331:
2151:
7355:
5201:
4295:
878:
2060:
an inscription. The red stripe represents the "crimson thread of kinship of all peoples of Australia"; an idea sourced from a
1919:, that the government reminded them of the 1911 legislation. The British White Ensign was finally replaced by a distinctively
6453:
4259:
4175:
4022:
3484:
1924:
1779:
1739:
1247:
5103:
3899:
2899:
2828:
1464:
front cover signed by Egbert Nuttall, after the winning designers of the 1901 Federal Flag design competition were announced
1120:
of the outer diameter. The flag's width is the measurement of the hoist edge of the flag (the distance from top to bottom).
7037:
6806:
6581:
6060:
5790:
5742:
5515:
4510:
2383:
2270:
2052:
1597:
1444:
1345:
in 1854), featured the Southern Cross. The oldest known flag to show the stars arranged as they are seen in the sky is the
1329:
557:
6935:
6763:
6686:
5707:
5525:
5321:
5024:
1408:
697:
visible in the Southern Hemisphere, and has been used to represent Australia since the early days of British settlement.
339:
64:
4851:
3272:
1317:
on 26 January 1788. He first raised the Union Flag on 7 February 1788 when he proclaimed the Colony of New South Wales.
5964:
4340:
3094:(2nd ed.). Canberra: Department of the Special Minister of State, Australia; Australian Govt. Pub. Service. 1985.
2549:
1847:
493:
3141:
2038:
and some politicians attend or release statements to the media. Australian National Flag Day is not a public holiday.
1297:
The Union Flag, as the flag of the British Empire, was first used on Australian soil on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant
7330:
7273:
6911:
6609:
6536:
6482:
6470:
6308:
6303:
6296:
6122:
5464:
3099:
2876:
2838:
2801:
2777:
2718:
2636:
2235:
2172:
1731:
1291:
4831:
3476:
1788 : the brutal truth of the First Fleet : the biggest single overseas migration the world has ever seen
1690:
7052:
6660:
5275:
3244:
2330:
2308:
1965:
affirmed the Blue ensign as the National flag and in 1951 King George VI approved the Government's recommendation.
1937:
1754:
74:
5490:
2713:(3rd ed.). Barton ACT: Dept. of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Awards and Culture Branch. 2006. p. 41.
2521:
According to a breakdown of the figures, 41% said they were "strongly" opposed, more than favoured change overall.
1766:
1242:
in 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992 to ban desecration, but on each occasion the bill lapsed. In 2002, the leader of the
6690:
5768:
5459:
4734:
2489:
2304:
2202:
621:
3928:
1512:
on 1 January 1901, and following receipt of a request from the British government to design a new flag, the new
1380:
7042:
6851:
6393:
6363:
5947:
5336:
5225:
4193:
2909:
2008:
1783:
1714:
A colour lithograph by an unknown artist of the opening of provisional parliament house in Canberra, 9 May 1927
1226:
of the Australian flag a crime. In 1953, during the second reading debate on the Flags Bill, the leader of the
362:
5423:
7360:
2319:
1992:
1735:
486:
450:
268:
206:
2652:
7268:
7208:
7147:
6992:
6787:
5988:
5889:
5747:
5606:
5469:
5290:
5196:
2967:
2816:
2414:
2334:
2231:
2157:
2068:
flag has been transported across the country for flying in every state and territory. It was later used on
1743:
1678:
1270:
without support from Howard and subsequently lapsed. In 2006, following a flag-burning incident during the
319:
3202:
1749:
The competition-winning designs were submitted to the British Colonial Secretary in 1902. Prime Minister
1366:
7345:
7310:
7012:
6256:
5935:
5556:
5520:
5265:
2285:
2281:
2219:
2127:
1959:
1520:. One of these was submitted by an unnamed governor of a colony. The two contests were merged after the
1422:
1243:
895:
4084:
3001:
2269:
on 20 September 1962 and was only flown when she visited Australia. It was used in a similar way as the
852:
scheme, but when printed -the Pantone number- it is the same: Australia (Pantone 280C, Hex: 00008B) vs.
7252:
6876:
6733:
6669:
6458:
5976:
5870:
5510:
5438:
5260:
2277:
2243:
2215:
2187:
2012:
1928:
1386:
1334:
1321:
1255:
853:
164:
4632:
Commonwealth, Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 18 September 2001, 30853 (Paul Neville)
4441:
4426:
4411:
7117:
6655:
6477:
6465:
6423:
6291:
6197:
5757:
5387:
5361:
5218:
4574:
2900:
Australia. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Awards and National Symbols Branch. (2000).
2829:
Australia. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Awards and National Symbols Branch. (2000).
2089:
2056:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1530:
1219:
had to reverse its logo, which previously featured the flag until a logo refresh at the end of 2017.
1216:
937:
440:
419:
296:
172:
69:
6801:
6641:
6626:
6566:
6531:
6413:
6222:
6185:
6085:
6055:
6048:
5916:
5783:
5717:
5697:
5669:
5626:
5433:
5356:
5316:
5241:
4383:
Commonwealth, Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives 20 November 1953, 367, (Bob Menzies).
3369:
2391:
2113:
1863:
1239:
263:
1742:) and she unfurled the flag for the first time. Since 1996 this date has been officially known as
7350:
7201:
7102:
7097:
7067:
6949:
6758:
6621:
6373:
6161:
6137:
5636:
5346:
5326:
4115:
3356:
2941:
2288:, this recognition caused a small amount of controversy at the time, with then opposition leader
1920:
1868:
1513:
1509:
679:
561:
397:
382:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
3530:
3528:
3259:
2433:
in 2018, Ausflag released an alternative design of the flag without the Union Jack, featuring a
1486:
7022:
6926:
6281:
5959:
5737:
5692:
5549:
5331:
5295:
4941:
3811:
3245:
Bills Digest No. 42 2003β04, Protection of Australian Flags (Desecration of the Flag) Bill 2003
2425:
Ausflag periodically campaigns for flag change in association with national events such as the
2368:
2346:
2297:
2293:
2255:
1496:
1372:
1227:
456:
445:
409:
252:
5418:
3513:
2653:"Elizabeth Kwan "National Parliament, National Symbols: From British to Australian Identity*""
911:
7320:
7228:
6964:
6816:
6561:
6418:
5732:
5712:
5270:
5186:
4535:
4274:
4272:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3662:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3606:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3525:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3313:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3062:
3060:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
2239:
1913:
1897:
1812:
1770:
1697:
1582:
1251:
1179:
1172:
649:
553:
402:
306:
280:
275:
51:
4061:
678:, despite the latter's brightness and location in the sky; however, the 1870 version of the
7142:
6383:
6070:
6024:
4929:
4879:
4795:
4783:
4603:
3391:"ParlInfo - Protection of the Australian National Flag (Desecration of the Flag) Bill 2006"
2871:. Snooks & Co. (6th ed.). Canberra: John Wiley & Sons Australia. p. 299.
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2426:
2360:
2024:
1876:
1721:
1234:, unsuccessfully called for provisions to be added to the bill to criminalise desecration.
945:
629:
334:
247:
216:
4269:
4131:
3973:
3947:
3747:
3735:
3678:
3630:
3559:
3540:
3408:
3225:
3116:
3072:
3057:
3030:
2742:
2608:
926:
Under the Flags Act, the Australian National Flag must meet the following specifications:
8:
7127:
7082:
7007:
6521:
6433:
5880:
5846:
5776:
5616:
4514:
3018:
3006:
2387:
1791:
1605:
a staled rΓ©chauffΓ© of the British flag, with no artistic virtue, no national significance
1271:
392:
367:
311:
2675:
2088:
On 18 September 2001 during the centenary of federation the federal member for Hinkler,
2015:
in 1988. Subsequently, the flag was displayed in the Senate for the first time in 1992.
1635:
1628:
868:
Construction sheet for the flag of Australia. The length of the flag is twice the width.
6846:
6778:
6773:
6636:
6149:
6000:
5341:
3455:
1867:
The Australian flag and the Union Jack embellishing the Victoria Cross Memorial in the
1535:
1325:
1320:
The Union Flag at that stage was the one introduced in 1606, which did not include the
710:
698:
671:
414:
387:
377:
357:
329:
324:
187:
1968:
When the Flags Bill was introduced into parliament on 20 November 1953, Menzies said,
1948:
year allowing Australians to use either ensign providing it was done so respectfully.
1621:
7175:
7170:
7112:
7087:
6906:
6866:
6506:
6207:
6192:
5428:
5382:
4227:
4171:
3490:
3480:
3447:
3255:
3105:
3095:
2915:
2905:
2882:
2872:
2844:
2834:
2797:
2773:
2724:
2714:
2632:
2545:
2434:
2073:
1428:
1350:
1182:
by special command of the Sovereign and/or by direction of the Australian Government.
963:
918:
714:
667:
606:
530:
372:
257:
160:
156:
4292:
2007:
In 1977, the Australian flag was first displayed in the House of Representatives in
1494:
As Federation approached, thoughts turned to an official federal flag. In 1900, the
7193:
7160:
7132:
6982:
6896:
6881:
6748:
6743:
6596:
6551:
6234:
6217:
6180:
6173:
6043:
6007:
5983:
5911:
5904:
5601:
5572:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5351:
4256:
2475:
2442:
2000:
from 1968 to 1982 to encourage Australians to give the Australian flag precedence.
1547:
1501:
1476:
1353:, popular since the 1850s, is still widely used by boats that traverse Australia's
1223:
746:
476:
183:
5798:
5167:"Survey finds 'Southern Horizon' the favourite alternative Australian flag design"
4337:
1394:
733:
The colours of the flag, although not specified by the Flags Act, have been given
7291:
7156:
7072:
6954:
6891:
6821:
6705:
6443:
6246:
6156:
6132:
5928:
5807:
5752:
5651:
5280:
5107:
5028:
4979:
4923:
4904:
4838:
4521:
4299:
4263:
4197:
3954:
3935:
3907:
3251:
2247:
2069:
1342:
1203:
1157:
750:
702:
565:
4091:. Vol. 66, no. 3. Washington: National Geographic Society. p. 374
3370:"Protection of the Australian National Flag (Desecration of the Flag) Bill 2006"
3317:
1927:). Despite the new Australian flags official use, from 1901 until the 1920s the
529:
in the upper hoist quarterβaugmented with a large white seven-pointed star (the
471:
43:
7027:
6978:
6836:
6831:
6271:
5971:
5865:
5858:
5727:
5646:
5069:"Malcolm Turnbull says Australian flag will never change, rejecting new design"
4220:
4119:. Vol. LXXXIX, no. 25, 926. South Australia. 6 March 1924. p. 11
2589:
2438:
2395:
1987:
1962:
1880:
1708:
1310:
1275:
1231:
1053:
952:
902:
706:
690:
683:
660:
598:
571:
538:
301:
168:
5443:
5021:
4641:
Ian Warden, 'How cricketing animals were kept off Australia's national flag',
3806:
3357:
Protection of the Australian National Flag (Desecration of the Flag) Bill 2006
1280:
Protection of the Australian National Flag (Desecration of the Flag) Bill 2006
1152:
7304:
7224:
6997:
6969:
6673:
6591:
5641:
5631:
5621:
5611:
4344:
4231:
4110:
3494:
3451:
3304:
2430:
1750:
932:
864:
694:
675:
541:
and four, larger, seven-pointed stars). Australia also has a number of other
514:
56:
4947:
4935:
4885:
4801:
4789:
4548:
4278:
4144:
3997:
3984:
3762:
3741:
3697:
3657:
3641:
3612:
3574:
3553:
3534:
3519:
3421:
3231:
3127:
3109:
3078:
3066:
3051:
3024:
3012:
2919:
2886:
2848:
2728:
2692:
2614:
2534:
1900:(RAN) was promulgated on 5 October 1911 and was directed to fly the British
230:
6700:
6576:
6097:
6080:
6019:
5834:
5722:
5674:
5596:
4599:
2497:
2372:
2266:
2251:
2210:
2061:
1982:
1978:
1901:
1889:
1354:
1267:
1235:
1027:
1011:
969:
753:
specifications for depicting the flag in print and on screen respectively.
60:
4310:
George Odgers, "The Royal Australian Navy β An Illustrated History", p. 41
3929:
National Parliament, National Symbols: From British to Australian Identity
3841:. Vol. 22, no. 1128. Sydney, N.S.W. 28 September 1901. p. 9
3474:
2284:
were also appointed flags of Australia. While mainly seen as a gesture of
1696:
The original, official painting of the opening of Old Parliament House by
1128:
6921:
6728:
6358:
5841:
5505:
5500:
3776:
3652:
3650:
2454:
2410:
2289:
1952:
1559:
1400:
1338:
1314:
1306:
1259:
985:
807:
522:
153:
3459:
3435:
3170:
2051:
On the centenary of the first flying of the flag, 3 September 2001, the
6144:
5995:
4170:. Sydney: University of New South Wales university press. p. 106.
1852:
1302:
1298:
886:
602:
581:
552:
on 3 September 1901, after being selected alongside a red version (the
526:
139:
3957:. Australian National Flag Association. Retrieved on 24 November 2014.
3834:
3647:
2483:
2398:(despite the counter argument that this is not uncommon, as seen with
2100:
The parliament house centenary flag was subsequently entrusted to the
1090:
of the flag's width, while that of the stars in the Southern Cross is
721:
A complete specification for the official design was published in the
6861:
5817:
5210:
5192:
4190:
2029:
In 1996, 3 September was proclaimed as Australian National Flag Day.
1933:
1909:
1905:
1856:
1825:
1591:
people of the Commonwealth will gaze with a thrill of national pride.
1539:
1196:
1164:
1137:
dignity it deserves as the nation's most important national symbol".
518:
3666:. No. 17, 207. Victoria, Australia. 4 September 1901. p. 9
2355:
A poster calling for a redesign of the Australian flag, released by
6546:
6501:
6340:
6229:
6168:
5899:
5541:
2503:
Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories
2449:
2351:
2030:
1555:
1470:
1100:
of the flag's width, except for Epsilon, for which the fraction is
643:
3815:. No. 2383. Victoria, Australia. 7 September 1901. p. 26
1811:
specified the Blue Ensign as the Australian National Flag and the
1542:; Leslie John Hawkins, a teenager apprenticed to an optician from
1454:
1185:
On the death of the governor-general or a former governor-general.
6241:
5923:
2399:
2379:
2356:
2055:
presented the then prime minister John Howard with a flag at the
1803:
1567:
1526:
785:
737:
specifications by the Parliamentary and Government Branch of the
734:
653:
639:
633:
4168:
Flag and nation: Australians and their national flags since 1901
2794:
Flag and Nation: Australians and their national flags since 1901
6516:
6266:
5853:
2770:
The Australian flag : colonial relic or contemporary icon?
2629:
The Australian flag : colonial relic or contemporary icon?
2077:
2034:
1543:
5800:
National, regional and city flags incorporating the Union Jack
2382:(established 1981), which supports changing the flag, and the
2329:, there are three additional Australian Government flags, the
4693:
Sarah Harvey, 'Now that's a flag! Students salute big flag',
3171:
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (11 November 2022).
2011:. It continued to be displayed in the chamber on the opening
1778:
by armed forces during the First and Second World Wars (see:
1551:
617:
6092:
5829:
5031:. Anbg.gov.au (20 November 2007). Retrieved on 27 May 2011.
2403:
1504:(A$ 4,400 in 2021 terms). The competition conducted by the
1274:
and a burnt flag display by a Melbourne artist, Liberal MP
832:
534:
2072:
in 2003 for the opening of the Australian War Memorial in
1879:
at St Louis in 1904. In the same year, due to lobbying by
5130:"Aussie pride: what Australians love about their country"
4218:
802:
2378:
There are two lobby groups involved in the flag debate:
1888:
approached by the Department of Defence, Prime Minister
4654:'Students celebrate as the Australian flag turns 103',
4054:"The Flag Debate: Red or blue β A question of evidence"
3904:
National Archives of Australia: Flags Act 1953: History
3436:"The Territorial Boundaries of New South Wales in 1788"
1438:
4858:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 January 2022
4706:
Chris Owen, 'Ensign flags a very special Aussie day',
1479:, one of the winning designers for the Australian flag
597:
The Australian flag uses three prominent symbols: the
4765:"Her Majesty the Queen's Personal Flag for Australia"
2594:
Australian Government Federal Register of Legislation
2535:
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (2022).
1977:
This status was formalised on 14 February 1954, when
7223:
5022:
The Australian Flag β Similar and Related Flags
4898:
Explanatory Statement accompanying 2008 proclamation
4580:
3970:, University of New South Wales press, 2006, p. 106.
2465:
2222:
flags as they are often displayed at official events
1700:, showing numerous Red Ensigns alongside Union Flags
1546:; Egbert John Nuttall, an architect from Melbourne;
1586:newspaper was also celebratory in nature, stating,
1565:The flag's initial reception was mixed. Readers of
548:The original version of the flag first flew as the
190:, Lesley Hawkins, Egbert Nutall and William Stevens
5106:. Roy Morgan Research. 13 May 2010. Archived from
4347:. Home.alphalink.com.au. Retrieved on 27 May 2011.
3303:
2325:In addition to the seven flags declared under the
2083:
1500:conducted a design competition with a prize of 25
5104:"Clear Majority Want to Keep the Australian flag"
4948:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
4936:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
4886:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
4802:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
4790:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
4549:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
4279:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
4145:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3985:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3897:
3763:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3742:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3698:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3642:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3613:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3575:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3554:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3535:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3520:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3422:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3232:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3139:
3128:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3079:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3067:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3052:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3025:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
3013:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
2693:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
2615:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2022
955:) in the half of the flag further from the staff.
120:(current seven-pointed Commonwealth Star version)
7302:
4917:Legislative Instruments enabled by the Flags Act
4257:History of the Australian national flag (Part 3)
2934:"Commercial use of the Australian National Flag"
1616:
4667:Annelie Hailes, 'Huge flag for a big country',
3243:Department of the Parliamentary Library. 2003.
2590:"Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 1908 No. 65"
1875:The Blue Ensign replaced the Union Jack at the
1828:in recognition of its historical significance.
1264:Australian flags (Desecration of the Flag) Bill
1080:The outer diameter of the Commonwealth Star is
580:and given priority for the first time over the
564:. A slightly simplified version as approved by
545:representing its people and government bodies.
2869:Style manual for authors, editors and printers
2620:
1904:on the stern and the flag of Australia on the
743:Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers
7209:
5784:
5557:
5226:
5189:βDepartment of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
3777:"Construction Details of the Australian flag"
3718:"How the Australian National flag was chosen"
3479:. North Sydney, NSW: Random House Australia.
2582:
1554:; and William Stevens, a ship's officer from
494:
6037:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4733:Cabinet, Prime Minister and (27 June 2016).
2938:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
2772:. Sydney: Federation Press. pp. 29β30.
2572:
2570:
1595:Alternatively, the then republican magazine
1146:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
1014:β 7-pointed star, straight above centre fly
972:β 7-pointed star, straight below centre fly
930:the Union Jack occupying the upper quarter (
739:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
537:constellation, made up of five white stars (
5531:Parliament house centenary flag (Australia)
4990:
4988:
4680:'Special day flagged by Central students',
1842:
1753:announced in the Commonwealth Gazette that
614:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
542:
7216:
7202:
5791:
5777:
5564:
5550:
5233:
5219:
4221:"Commonwealth of Australia Gazette: GN 26"
4127:– via National Library of Australia.
3849:– via National Library of Australia.
3823:– via National Library of Australia.
3332:"New bill for desecrating Australian flag"
2866:
2417:and in 1998 sponsored an amendment to the
2046:
1199:the flag is flown at half-mast until noon.
873:Constituent parts of the flag of Australia
501:
487:
4832:Aboriginal Tent Embassy: Icon or Eyesore?
4812:
4810:
4266:. Flagspot.net. Retrieved on 27 May 2011.
4219:Commonwealth of Australia (2 July 2008).
4200:. Flagspot.net. Retrieved on 27 May 2011.
2993:
2991:
2989:
2567:
2143:Flag of the Governor-General of Australia
2107:
1761:
1222:There have been several attempts to make
966:β 7-pointed star, centred in lower hoist.
959:The location of the stars is as follows:
616:, the Union Flag combined three heraldic
612:In its original usage as the flag of the
4985:
4973:Question without Notice: Australian Flag
4559:
4557:
3177:Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet
2631:. Sydney: Federation Press. p. 18.
2350:
2209:
1862:
1846:
1802:
1765:
1720:
1490:Entries for the Federal Flag Competition
1485:
1151:
1127:
863:
4732:
4403:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4293:Source: Australian Army Military Orders
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3774:
2833:. Barton, A.C.T.: The Dept. p. 5.
2544:(3rd ed.). Australian Government.
2371:, and during the Prime Ministership of
2145:(adopted 1936, modified circa 1950-60s)
14:
7303:
5240:
5207:βIncludes the Federal Flag Competition
4958:
4956:
4807:
4658:(Acacia Ridge), 8 September 2004, p. 3
4598:
4479:
4243:
4241:
4082:
4076:
3623:
3621:
3586:
3270:
2986:
1324:; it was included from 1801 after the
7336:Flags that incorporate the Union Jack
7197:
5772:
5545:
5214:
5164:
4757:
4554:
4470:Elizabeth Kwan, Flag and Nation, 2004
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3589:"Eureka Flag heralds winds of change"
2948:from the original on 15 November 2017
2862:
2860:
2858:
2767:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2626:
1925:Flags of the Australian Defence Force
1780:Flags of the Australian Defence Force
1538:, a fourteen-year-old schoolboy from
5571:
4844:
4745:from the original on 1 December 2017
4586:
4511:Australian National Flag Association
4398:
4386:
4203:
4165:
3880:
3472:
3433:
3301:
3271:Hudson, Phillip (16 November 2002).
3213:from the original on 4 December 2017
3173:"Flag announcement: Remembrance Day"
2384:Australian National Flag Association
2271:Royal Standard of the United Kingdom
2053:Australian National Flag Association
1955:issued a similar statement in 1947.
1725:First raising of the Australian flag
1445:1901 Federal Flag Design Competition
1439:1901 Federal Flag Design Competition
1313:established a convict settlement at
4953:
4359:
4322:
4313:
4238:
3871:
3853:
3618:
3142:"Ceremonial protocols and guidance"
2311:, and by the Minister for Defence.
2033:celebrations had been occurring in
951:five white stars (representing the
24:
5093:Source: Newspoll, 25 January 2004.
4645:(Canberra), 4 September 2002, p. 7
4455:
4350:
4083:Booker, Herbert (September 1934).
3775:Thomson, Jeff (10 November 2015).
3703:
3587:Wright, Clare (28 November 2014).
3305:"Bid to ban burning of flag fails"
3302:Farr, Malcom (17 September 2003).
3183:from the original on 7 August 2023
3152:from the original on 7 August 2023
2926:
2855:
2698:
2041:
229:
167:quarter and the five stars of the
25:
7372:
7326:Flags adopted through competition
6448:Flags inspired by the Union Jack
5491:Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies
5203:Review of Reviews for Australasia
5180:
4621:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
4499:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
3501:from the original on 18 July 2021
3283:from the original on 2 March 2007
2814:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
2577:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
2561:from the original on 17 May 2023.
2236:Royal Australian Air Force Ensign
2173:Royal Australian Air Force Ensign
1506:Review of Reviews for Australasia
1292:Timeline of the flag of Australia
7316:1908 establishments in Australia
7285:
7169:
7155:
7141:
7126:
7111:
7096:
7081:
7066:
7058:Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
7051:
7036:
7021:
7006:
6991:
6977:
6963:
6948:
6934:
6920:
6905:
6890:
6875:
6860:
6845:
6830:
6815:
6800:
6786:
6772:
6757:
6742:
6727:
6699:
6668:
6635:
6620:
6590:
6575:
6560:
6545:
6530:
6515:
6476:
6464:
6452:
6438:
6428:
6388:
6378:
6368:
6357:
6335:
6302:
6290:
6265:
6240:
6228:
6216:
6191:
6179:
6167:
6155:
6143:
6131:
6091:
6079:
6054:
6042:
6030:
6018:
6006:
5994:
5982:
5970:
5958:
5946:
5934:
5922:
5910:
5898:
5864:
5852:
5840:
5828:
5816:
5526:Queen's Personal Australian Flag
5158:
5122:
5096:
5087:
5061:
5052:
5043:
5034:
5015:
5006:
4997:
4965:
4910:
4891:
4870:
4819:
4726:
4713:
4700:
4687:
4674:
4661:
4648:
4635:
4626:
4614:
4592:
4566:
3674:– via National Library of.
2749:from the original on 16 May 2013
2596:. 19 December 1908. p. 1709
2515:
2482:
2468:
2331:Australian Civil Aviation Ensign
2316:Legislative Instruments Act 2003
2309:Australian Defence Force Academy
2292:describing it as divisive. Some
2263:Queen's Personal Australian flag
2195:
2190:(designed 1971, proclaimed 1995)
2180:
2165:
2150:
2135:
2120:
2092:, requested to the speaker that
1912:after its use for the review of
1707:
1689:
1677:As the design was basically the
1663:
1655:
1647:
1646:competition winning design
1634:
1627:
1620:
1469:
1453:
1421:
1407:
1393:
1379:
1365:
1178:On the death of a member of the
1156:Australian flag at half-mast on
1110:. Each star's inner diameter is
910:
894:
877:
470:
73:
68:
63:
42:
5496:Anti-Transportation League Flag
5165:Smith, Mark (26 January 2016).
4526:
4504:
4492:
4473:
4464:
4446:
4431:
4416:
4377:
4368:
4331:
4304:
4284:
4250:
4212:
4184:
4159:
4150:
4103:
4046:
4037:
4015:
3990:
3960:
3941:
3922:
3862:
3827:
3799:
3781:FOTW Flags Of The World website
3768:
3580:
3466:
3427:
3383:
3362:
3350:
3324:
3295:
3273:"PM defends right to burn flag"
3264:
3237:
3195:
3164:
3133:
3084:
2960:
2893:
2822:
2807:
2786:
2490:Heraldry and Vexillology portal
2409:The Coalition government under
2305:Australian Defence Force Ensign
2203:Australian Defence Force Ensign
2084:Parliament house centenary flag
1662:As approved by King Edward VII
1654:Blue version of winning design
1415:Anti-Transportation League Flag
1347:Anti-Transportation League Flag
1305:. Following the arrival of the
1290:For a chronological guide, see
859:
693:is one of the most distinctive
622:countries of the United Kingdom
7341:Flags with blue, red and white
5953:British Indian Ocean Territory
5592:Federated States of Micronesia
4480:Madden, Cathy (22 June 2023).
4191:Commonwealth of Australia Flag
3146:Australian Government: Defence
2968:"Union Flag: approved designs"
2761:
2735:
2645:
2369:Australian Bicentenary in 1988
2340:
2296:, such as the flag's designer
1834:Shipping Registration Act 1981
1815:as the merchant shipping flag.
741:. The Australian Government's
533:) and a representation of the
13:
1:
7356:National symbols of Australia
5388:North Queensland (separatist)
4719:Iconic flag to tour Warwick,
3998:"Armistice Day, Sydney, 1918"
2528:
2359:in 2000 to coincide with the
2320:Governor-General of Australia
2175:(adopted 1949, modified 1982)
2130:(adopted 1935, modified 1948)
856:(Pantone 280C, Hex: 012169).
6792:British South Africa Company
5312:Australian Capital Territory
5281:Boxing Kangaroo (unofficial)
4829:, July 1995, p. 3, cited in
4515:History of National Flag Day
3092:The Australian National Flag
2904:. Barton, A.C.T.: The Dept.
2415:Australian National Flag Day
2335:Australian Border Force Flag
2232:Royal Australian Navy Ensign
2158:Royal Australian Navy Ensign
1851:The Australian flag and the
1744:Australian National Flag Day
1732:Hersey, Countess of Hopetoun
1341:(which came into use at the
1266:was tabled in Parliament by
682:featured the pointer stars,
138:and given priority over the
7:
6471:Newfoundland & Labrador
5941:British Antarctic Territory
4697:, p. 4 September 2012, p. 1
4623:No. S382, 20 September 2001
4604:"The Crimson Thread Speech"
3203:"Commonwealth Flag Network"
2743:"South Australia 1870β1876"
2461:
2282:Torres Strait Islander flag
2018:
1123:
539:one small five-pointed star
10:
7377:
6882:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
2972:www.college-of-arms.gov.uk
2344:
2244:Royal Australian Air Force
2188:Australian Aboriginal flag
2111:
2022:
1580:The report carried by the
1571:newspaper were told that,
1442:
1387:Australian Federation Flag
1289:
1285:
1163:When the flag is flown at
887:flag of the United Kingdom
728:
624:(as constituted in 1801):
592:
7282:
7261:
7235:
6717:
6685:
6653:
6608:
6500:
6493:
6483:St. Pierre & Miquelon
6424:List of New Zealand flags
6406:
6349:
6328:
6321:
6297:Somerset County, Maryland
6280:
6255:
6206:
6121:
6110:
6069:
5888:
5879:
5806:
5683:
5660:
5579:
5478:
5452:
5396:
5375:
5304:
5248:
5171:Western Sydney University
4671:, 4 September 2009, p. 33
4575:Royal Exhibition Building
3900:"Documenting a Democracy"
3593:The Sydney Morning Herald
3336:The Sydney Morning Herald
2214:The Australian national,
2057:Royal Exhibition Building
1531:Royal Exhibition Building
1217:Collingwood Football Club
1076:down from the centre fly.
831:
801:
784:
779:
777:
775:
773:
770:
709:, in decreasing order of
587:
194:
179:
148:
89:
81:
50:
41:
37:
7331:Flags introduced in 1901
6807:British Windward Islands
6414:List of Australian flags
6115:administrative divisions
6061:Turks and Caicos Islands
5743:Northern Mariana Islands
5521:Van Diemen's Land Ensign
5187:Australian National Flag
4710:, 3 September 2013, p. 2
4684:, 2 September 2010, p. 6
4501:No. S321, 28 August 1996
4166:Kwan, Elizabeth (2006).
3934:13 February 2014 at the
3434:King, Robert J. (1981).
2768:Foley, Carol A. (1996).
2627:Foley, Carol A. (1996).
2508:
2238:, the flags used by the
2114:List of Australian flags
1958:On 4 December 1950, the
1843:Status of the Union Jack
578:Australian National Flag
550:Commonwealth blue ensign
521:is based on the British
205:This article is part of
136:Australian National Flag
18:Australian national flag
6764:British Leeward Islands
5708:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5367:Governors of the States
5322:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5012:Kwan, pp. 131β137.
4994:Kwan, pp. 138β139.
4978:6 February 2009 at the
4962:Kwan, pp. 125β129.
4922:12 January 2009 at the
4903:12 January 2009 at the
4852:"Who is Harold Thomas?"
4532:Kwan, pp. 136β138, 144.
4486:Parliament of Australia
4452:Kwan, pp. 104β105, 109.
4298:5 February 2012 at the
4196:26 January 2005 at the
4116:The Register (Adelaide)
3953:20 October 2014 at the
3898:Commonwealth Document.
3140:Australian Government.
2974:. College of Arms. 2023
2942:Government of Australia
2792:Kwan, Elizabeth. 2006.
2579:No. 8, 20 February 1903
2226:Under Section 5 of the
2102:Australian flag Society
2047:Centenary flag of state
1921:Australian White Ensign
1869:Queen Victoria Building
1514:Commonwealth Government
1322:Saint Patrick's Saltire
1050:up from the centre fly.
1008:up from the centre fly.
680:flag of South Australia
525:βa blue field with the
111:; 115 years ago
97:; 121 years ago
7262:National coats of arms
7043:Rhodesia and Nyasaland
6394:Taunton, Massachusetts
6364:Baton Rouge, Louisiana
5965:British Virgin Islands
5516:National Colonial Flag
5305:States and territories
5266:Torres Strait Islander
4971:Hansard. 2 June 1994.
4482:"Flags in the Chamber"
4338:The Status Of The Flag
3250:4 October 2013 at the
2363:
2347:Australian flag debate
2265:was approved by Queen
2256:Royal Air Force Ensign
2223:
2220:Torres Strait Islander
2108:Other Australian flags
2098:
1975:
1872:
1860:
1816:
1774:
1762:Blue versus red ensign
1726:
1611:
1593:
1578:
1491:
1373:National Colonial Flag
1330:National Colonial Flag
1258:. The Prime Minister,
1240:private member's bills
1160:
1133:
869:
234:
125:; 70 years ago
7274:Dependent territories
7248:Dependent territories
6419:List of British flags
5881:Dependent territories
5686:and other territories
5276:Civil Aviation Ensign
5027:14 March 2011 at the
4769:Royal Australian Navy
4520:17 March 2012 at the
3948:Federal Flag and Seal
3938:Elizabeth Kwan Pg 110
3663:The Argus (Melbourne)
3658:"The Australian flag"
2817:No. 18, 23 March 1934
2354:
2240:Royal Australian Navy
2213:
2094:
1970:
1923:on 1 March 1967 (see
1898:Royal Australian Navy
1866:
1850:
1806:
1771:Australian red ensign
1769:
1724:
1698:Harold Septimus Power
1603:
1588:
1573:
1489:
1155:
1131:
1066:of the way right and
1040:of the way right and
867:
276:Monarchy of Australia
233:
95:11 February 1903
7361:Southern Cross flags
6612:external territories
6384:New Castle, Delaware
5486:British Empire flags
5460:Defence Force Ensign
4708:The Queensland Times
4695:The Queensland Times
4682:The Queensland Times
4291:ceremonial parades.
4085:"Flags of the World"
3473:Hill, David (2009).
2427:2000 Summer Olympics
2413:in 1996 established
2361:2000 Summer Olympics
2025:Flag Day (Australia)
2013:New Parliament House
2009:Old Parliament House
1740:7th Earl of Hopetoun
1171:On the death of the
998:of the way left and
982:up from bottom edge.
723:Commonwealth Gazette
620:which represent the
462:World Heritage Sites
109:8 December 1908
7292:Heraldry portal
7133:Straits Settlements
6309:Westmoreland County
5205:, 20 September 1901
5146:on 13 February 2014
4876:Kwan, pp. 116, 126.
4602:(6 February 1890).
4343:31 October 2004 at
4262:14 May 2011 at the
4156:Kwan, 2006, p. 106.
4089:National Geographic
3807:"EXHIBITION OPENED"
3395:parlinfo.aph.gov.au
3310:The Daily Telegraph
2867:Australia. (2002).
1792:National Geographic
1460:The edition of the
1272:2005 Cronulla riots
1024:down from top edge.
686:and Beta Centauri.
638:The white diagonal
289:Arts and literature
134:(designated as the
34:
7346:Flags with cantons
7311:Flags of Australia
6852:East India Company
6779:British Somaliland
6507:independent states
6208:Canadian provinces
5337:Northern Territory
5242:Flags of Australia
5197:Flags of the World
5058:Kwan, p. 144.
5049:Kwan, p. 137.
5040:Kwan, p. 116.
4950:, pp. 46, 53.
4926:, ComLaw database.
4907:, ComLaw database.
4837:7 May 2006 at the
4816:Kwan, pp. 133β135.
4735:"Australian flags"
4721:Warwick Daily News
4643:The Canberra Times
4563:Kwan, pp. 140β141.
4111:"THE EMPIRE FLAGS"
4058:flagsociety.org.au
3522:, pp. 46, 60.
2944:. 17 August 2016.
2902:Australian symbols
2831:Australian symbols
2364:
2224:
1979:Queen Elizabeth II
1873:
1861:
1817:
1775:
1727:
1492:
1326:Acts of Union 1801
1161:
1134:
1056:β 5-pointed star,
1030:β 7-pointed star,
988:β 7-pointed star,
948:in the Union Jack;
885:Flags forming the
870:
672:Territory of Papua
650:St Patrick's Cross
235:
32:
7298:
7297:
7191:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7180:
7165:
7152:
7137:
7122:
7118:Southern Rhodesia
7107:
7092:
7077:
7062:
7047:
7032:
7017:
7002:
6987:
6974:
6959:
6944:
6931:
6916:
6901:
6886:
6871:
6856:
6841:
6826:
6811:
6796:
6783:
6768:
6753:
6738:
6710:
6678:
6646:
6631:
6601:
6586:
6571:
6556:
6541:
6526:
6402:
6401:
6317:
6316:
6198:Western Australia
6123:Australian states
6111:States, provinces
6106:
6105:
5766:
5765:
5758:Wallis and Futuna
5703:Clipperton Island
5661:Associated states
5539:
5538:
5362:Western Australia
5075:. 25 January 2018
4825:Harold Thomas in
4771:. 5 November 2014
4551:, pp. 35β36.
4177:978-0-86840-567-4
3615:, pp. 63β64.
3537:, pp. 60β62.
3486:978-1-74166-800-1
2435:Commonwealth Star
2294:Indigenous people
2205:(proclaimed 2000)
1734:(the wife of the
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1550:, an artist from
1522:Review of Reviews
1518:Review of Reviews
1502:Australian pounds
1462:Review of Reviews
1429:Murray River Flag
1351:Murray River Flag
964:Commonwealth Star
946:St George's Cross
919:Commonwealth Star
849:
848:
715:British Admiralty
668:Commonwealth Star
648:The red diagonal
640:St Andrew's Cross
630:St George's Cross
607:Commonwealth Star
531:Commonwealth Star
511:
510:
220:
198:
197:
161:Commonwealth Star
123:8 April 1954
33:Flag of Australia
16:(Redirected from
7368:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7269:Sovereign states
7243:Sovereign states
7218:
7211:
7204:
7195:
7194:
7178:
7174:
7173:
7163:
7159:
7150:
7146:
7145:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7105:
7101:
7100:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7060:
7056:
7055:
7045:
7041:
7040:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6985:
6981:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6942:
6938:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6914:
6910:
6909:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6869:
6865:
6864:
6854:
6850:
6849:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6824:
6820:
6819:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6794:
6790:
6781:
6777:
6776:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6751:
6749:British Cameroon
6747:
6746:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6708:
6704:
6703:
6676:
6672:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6539:
6535:
6534:
6524:
6520:
6519:
6498:
6497:
6481:
6480:
6469:
6468:
6457:
6456:
6442:
6441:
6432:
6431:
6392:
6391:
6382:
6381:
6372:
6371:
6362:
6361:
6339:
6338:
6326:
6325:
6307:
6306:
6295:
6294:
6270:
6269:
6245:
6244:
6233:
6232:
6223:British Columbia
6221:
6220:
6196:
6195:
6184:
6183:
6172:
6171:
6160:
6159:
6148:
6147:
6136:
6135:
6119:
6118:
6096:
6095:
6084:
6083:
6059:
6058:
6049:Tristan da Cunha
6047:
6046:
6035:
6034:
6023:
6022:
6013:Pitcairn Islands
6011:
6010:
5999:
5998:
5989:Falkland Islands
5987:
5986:
5975:
5974:
5963:
5962:
5951:
5950:
5939:
5938:
5927:
5926:
5917:Ascension Island
5915:
5914:
5903:
5902:
5886:
5885:
5869:
5868:
5857:
5856:
5845:
5844:
5833:
5832:
5821:
5820:
5808:Sovereign states
5793:
5786:
5779:
5770:
5769:
5748:Pitcairn Islands
5718:French Polynesia
5698:Christmas Island
5627:Papua New Guinea
5607:Marshall Islands
5580:Sovereign states
5573:Flags of Oceania
5566:
5559:
5552:
5543:
5542:
5465:Air Force Ensign
5397:Cities and towns
5317:Christmas Island
5286:Governor-General
5235:
5228:
5221:
5212:
5211:
5175:
5174:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5145:
5139:. Archived from
5137:Mccrindle.com.au
5134:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5110:on 11 April 2012
5100:
5094:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5032:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4983:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4914:
4908:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4848:
4842:
4827:Land Rights News
4823:
4817:
4814:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4730:
4724:
4717:
4711:
4704:
4698:
4691:
4685:
4678:
4672:
4665:
4659:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4552:
4546:
4533:
4530:
4524:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4444:
4435:
4429:
4420:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4393:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4348:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4302:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4267:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4225:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4201:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4060:. Archived from
4050:
4044:
4043:Kwan, pp. 84β85.
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3971:
3966:Elizabeth Kwan,
3964:
3958:
3945:
3939:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3906:. Archived from
3895:
3878:
3875:
3869:
3868:Kwan, pp. 19β22.
3866:
3860:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3714:
3701:
3695:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3654:
3645:
3639:
3628:
3625:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3557:
3551:
3538:
3532:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3440:The Great Circle
3431:
3425:
3419:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3307:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3268:
3262:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3114:
3113:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3055:
3049:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2995:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2826:
2820:
2811:
2805:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2711:Australian flags
2707:
2696:
2690:
2673:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2562:
2560:
2543:
2538:Australian flags
2522:
2519:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2478:
2476:Australia portal
2473:
2472:
2471:
2443:Malcolm Turnbull
2199:
2184:
2169:
2154:
2139:
2128:Civil Air Ensign
2124:
1993:governor-general
1859:ceremony in 1937
1789:A 1934 issue of
1784:Parliament House
1736:Governor-General
1711:
1693:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1644:Melbourne Herald
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1548:Annie Dorrington
1497:Melbourne Herald
1477:Annie Dorrington
1473:
1457:
1425:
1411:
1397:
1383:
1369:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1007:
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
992:
981:
980:
976:
921:
914:
905:
898:
889:
881:
756:
755:
503:
496:
489:
477:Australia portal
474:
451:National colours
269:Multiculturalism
223:
218:
210:
200:
199:
184:Annie Dorrington
180:Designed by
133:
131:
126:
119:
117:
112:
105:
103:
98:
77:
72:
67:
46:
35:
31:
21:
7376:
7375:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7286:
7284:
7278:
7257:
7231:
7222:
7192:
7183:
7168:
7161:United Colonies
7140:
7125:
7110:
7103:Solomon Islands
7095:
7080:
7065:
7050:
7035:
7020:
7005:
6990:
6962:
6947:
6919:
6904:
6897:Gilbert Islands
6889:
6874:
6859:
6844:
6829:
6814:
6799:
6771:
6756:
6741:
6726:
6713:
6698:
6689:
6681:
6661:trust territory
6658:
6649:
6634:
6619:
6611:
6604:
6589:
6574:
6559:
6544:
6529:
6514:
6504:
6489:
6475:
6463:
6451:
6444:George Rex Flag
6439:
6429:
6398:
6389:
6379:
6374:Mobile, Alabama
6369:
6356:
6345:
6336:
6313:
6301:
6289:
6276:
6264:
6251:
6239:
6227:
6215:
6202:
6190:
6178:
6166:
6162:South Australia
6154:
6142:
6138:New South Wales
6130:
6114:
6112:
6102:
6090:
6078:
6065:
6053:
6041:
6029:
6017:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5945:
5933:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5875:
5863:
5851:
5839:
5827:
5815:
5802:
5797:
5767:
5762:
5685:
5679:
5662:
5656:
5637:Solomon Islands
5575:
5570:
5540:
5535:
5511:Federation Flag
5474:
5448:
5392:
5371:
5347:South Australia
5327:New South Wales
5300:
5244:
5239:
5183:
5178:
5163:
5159:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5029:Wayback Machine
5020:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4986:
4982:, p. 1318.
4980:Wayback Machine
4970:
4966:
4961:
4954:
4946:
4942:
4934:
4930:
4924:Wayback Machine
4915:
4911:
4905:Wayback Machine
4896:
4892:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4839:Wayback Machine
4824:
4820:
4815:
4808:
4800:
4796:
4788:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4746:
4731:
4727:
4718:
4714:
4705:
4701:
4692:
4688:
4679:
4675:
4666:
4662:
4653:
4649:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4619:
4615:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4581:
4571:
4567:
4562:
4555:
4547:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4522:Wayback Machine
4509:
4505:
4497:
4493:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4436:
4432:
4421:
4417:
4406:
4399:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4300:Wayback Machine
4289:
4285:
4277:
4270:
4264:Wayback Machine
4255:
4251:
4246:
4239:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4198:Wayback Machine
4189:
4185:
4178:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4143:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4064:on 17 July 2011
4052:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4004:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3983:
3974:
3968:Flag and Nation
3965:
3961:
3955:Wayback Machine
3946:
3942:
3936:Wayback Machine
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3786:
3784:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3716:
3715:
3704:
3696:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3631:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3560:
3552:
3541:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3487:
3471:
3467:
3432:
3428:
3420:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3338:. 27 March 2006
3330:
3329:
3325:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3269:
3265:
3252:Wayback Machine
3242:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3138:
3134:
3126:
3117:
3102:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2996:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2912:
2898:
2894:
2879:
2865:
2856:
2841:
2827:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2721:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2691:
2676:
2662:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2625:
2621:
2617:, pp. 4β6.
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2568:
2558:
2552:
2541:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2349:
2343:
2278:Aboriginal flag
2248:Australian Army
2206:
2200:
2191:
2185:
2176:
2170:
2161:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2086:
2070:Remembrance Day
2049:
2044:
2042:Centenary flags
2027:
2021:
1951:Prime Minister
1938:Queen Elizabeth
1929:Federation Flag
1845:
1773:in maritime use
1764:
1755:King Edward VII
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1606:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1447:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1398:
1389:
1384:
1375:
1370:
1343:Eureka Stockade
1335:Federation Flag
1295:
1288:
1278:introduced the
1204:Remembrance Day
1158:Remembrance Day
1132:The flag flying
1126:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
989:
978:
974:
973:
922:
917:
915:
906:
901:
899:
890:
884:
882:
862:
840:0%β100%β100%β0%
824:
819:
814:
805:
731:
595:
590:
566:King Edward VII
560:held following
507:
475:
455:
320:Performing arts
318:
260:
221:
217:
204:
129:
127:
124:
115:
113:
110:
106:
101:
99:
96:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7374:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7351:National flags
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7296:
7295:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7239:
7237:
7236:National flags
7233:
7232:
7225:National flags
7221:
7220:
7213:
7206:
7198:
7189:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7166:
7153:
7138:
7123:
7108:
7093:
7078:
7063:
7048:
7033:
7018:
7003:
6988:
6983:Mosquito Coast
6975:
6960:
6945:
6940:Ionian Islands
6932:
6917:
6902:
6887:
6872:
6857:
6842:
6827:
6812:
6797:
6784:
6769:
6754:
6739:
6723:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6695:
6693:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6665:
6663:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6632:
6616:
6614:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6587:
6572:
6557:
6542:
6527:
6511:
6509:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6473:
6461:
6459:Basque Country
6446:
6436:
6434:British Empire
6426:
6421:
6416:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6386:
6376:
6366:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6332:
6330:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6299:
6286:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6261:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6237:
6225:
6212:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6188:
6176:
6164:
6152:
6140:
6127:
6125:
6116:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6088:
6075:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6051:
6039:
6027:
6015:
6003:
5991:
5979:
5977:Cayman Islands
5967:
5955:
5943:
5931:
5919:
5907:
5894:
5892:
5890:United Kingdom
5883:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5871:United Kingdom
5861:
5849:
5837:
5825:
5812:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5773:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5738:Norfolk Island
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5693:American Samoa
5689:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5663:of New Zealand
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5569:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5546:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5332:Norfolk Island
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5199:
5190:
5182:
5181:External links
5179:
5177:
5176:
5157:
5121:
5095:
5086:
5060:
5051:
5042:
5033:
5014:
5005:
4996:
4984:
4964:
4952:
4940:
4928:
4909:
4890:
4878:
4869:
4843:
4818:
4806:
4794:
4782:
4756:
4739:www.pmc.gov.au
4725:
4712:
4699:
4686:
4673:
4660:
4647:
4634:
4625:
4613:
4608:Foundation1901
4591:
4589:, p. 140.
4579:
4565:
4553:
4534:
4525:
4503:
4491:
4472:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4438:Flags Act 1953
4430:
4423:Flags Act 1953
4415:
4408:Flags Act 1953
4397:
4385:
4376:
4374:Kwan, pp.96β97
4367:
4358:
4349:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4283:
4268:
4249:
4237:
4226:. p. 22.
4211:
4202:
4183:
4176:
4158:
4149:
4130:
4102:
4075:
4045:
4036:
4014:
4002:www.awm.gov.au
3989:
3972:
3959:
3940:
3921:
3910:on 2 June 2008
3879:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3826:
3798:
3767:
3746:
3734:
3702:
3677:
3646:
3629:
3617:
3605:
3579:
3558:
3539:
3524:
3512:
3485:
3465:
3426:
3407:
3382:
3361:
3349:
3323:
3294:
3263:
3236:
3224:
3207:www.pmc.gov.au
3194:
3163:
3132:
3115:
3100:
3083:
3071:
3056:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2998:Flags Act 1953
2985:
2959:
2925:
2910:
2892:
2877:
2854:
2839:
2821:
2806:
2785:
2778:
2760:
2734:
2719:
2697:
2674:
2657:www.aph.gov.au
2644:
2637:
2619:
2607:
2581:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2551:978-0642471345
2550:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2479:
2463:
2460:
2439:Southern Cross
2345:Main article:
2342:
2339:
2286:reconciliation
2228:Flags Act 1953
2208:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2160:(adopted 1967)
2156:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2112:Main article:
2109:
2106:
2085:
2082:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2023:Main article:
2020:
2017:
1988:Flags Act 1953
1963:Robert Menzies
1960:Prime Minister
1934:King George VI
1881:Richard Crouch
1844:
1841:
1821:Flags Act 1953
1809:Flags Act 1953
1763:
1760:
1713:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1679:Victorian flag
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:Main article:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1311:Arthur Phillip
1287:
1284:
1276:Bronwyn Bishop
1244:National Party
1232:Arthur Calwell
1208:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1125:
1122:
1078:
1077:
1054:Epsilon Crucis
1051:
1025:
1009:
983:
967:
957:
956:
953:Southern Cross
949:
941:
936:) next to the
924:
923:
916:
909:
907:
903:Southern Cross
900:
893:
891:
883:
876:
874:
861:
858:
854:United Kingdom
847:
846:
844:
841:
838:
837:100%β80%β0%β0%
835:
829:
828:
826:
821:
816:
811:
799:
798:
796:
794:
791:
788:
782:
781:
778:
776:
774:
772:
768:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
730:
727:
707:Greek alphabet
695:constellations
691:Southern Cross
661:British Empire
657:
656:
646:
636:
599:Southern Cross
594:
591:
589:
586:
572:Flags Act 1953
543:official flags
535:Southern Cross
509:
508:
506:
505:
498:
491:
483:
480:
479:
467:
466:
465:
464:
459:
453:
448:
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438:
430:
429:
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422:
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407:
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405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
375:
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365:
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347:
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343:
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337:
332:
327:
316:
315:
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304:
299:
291:
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286:
285:
284:
283:
278:
273:
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266:
255:
250:
242:
241:
237:
236:
226:
225:
213:
212:
196:
195:
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181:
177:
176:
169:Southern Cross
150:
146:
145:
144:
143:
121:
107:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7373:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
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7347:
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7334:
7332:
7329:
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7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7308:
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7281:
7275:
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7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7229:coats of arms
7226:
7219:
7214:
7212:
7207:
7205:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
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7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
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7059:
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7049:
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7024:
7019:
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6994:
6989:
6984:
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6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
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6863:
6858:
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6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
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6730:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6675:
6674:Western Samoa
6671:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6607:
6598:
6597:United States
6593:
6588:
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6578:
6573:
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6558:
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6445:
6437:
6435:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:Miscellaneous
6405:
6395:
6387:
6385:
6377:
6375:
6367:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6350:United States
6348:
6342:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6109:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6014:
6009:
6004:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5794:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:New Caledonia
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5713:Easter Island
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5659:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:National flag
5254:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5224:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5142:
5138:
5131:
5125:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5090:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5055:
5046:
5037:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5009:
5000:
4991:
4989:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4968:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4944:
4938:, p. 44.
4937:
4932:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4913:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4894:
4888:, p. 41.
4887:
4882:
4873:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4813:
4811:
4804:, p. 38.
4803:
4798:
4792:, p. 52.
4791:
4786:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4716:
4709:
4703:
4696:
4690:
4683:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4657:
4651:
4644:
4638:
4629:
4622:
4617:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4600:Parkes, Henry
4595:
4588:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4560:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4529:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4500:
4495:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4395:Kwan, p. 106.
4392:
4390:
4380:
4371:
4362:
4353:
4346:
4345:archive.today
4342:
4339:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4287:
4281:, p. 69.
4280:
4275:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4244:
4242:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4209:Kwan, p. 113.
4206:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4153:
4147:, p. 66.
4146:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4040:
4024:
4018:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3987:, p. 42.
3986:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3969:
3963:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3795:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3765:, p. 65.
3764:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3744:, p. 36.
3743:
3738:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3700:, p. 64.
3699:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3644:, p. 63.
3643:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3577:, p. 61.
3576:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3556:, p. 62.
3555:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3516:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3424:, p. 60.
3423:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3371:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3234:, p. 18.
3233:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3130:, p. 23.
3129:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3101:9780644040464
3097:
3093:
3087:
3081:, p. 20.
3080:
3075:
3069:, p. 26.
3068:
3063:
3061:
3054:, p. 10.
3053:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2878:9780701636470
2874:
2870:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2840:9780642471314
2836:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2802:0-86840-567-1
2799:
2795:
2789:
2781:
2779:9781862871885
2775:
2771:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2720:9780642471345
2716:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2659:. 7 July 2007
2658:
2654:
2648:
2640:
2638:9781862871885
2634:
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2611:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2578:
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2566:
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2540:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:Australia Day
2428:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2353:
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2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2298:Harold Thomas
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2276:In 1995, the
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:Olympic Games
1870:
1865:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:Edmund Barton
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1710:
1699:
1692:
1683:
1680:
1666:
1661:
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1650:
1645:
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1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1601:labelled it,
1600:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1446:
1430:
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1254:partner, the
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1248:John Anderson
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558:a competition
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27:National flag
19:
7321:Blue Ensigns
6998:North Borneo
6706:New Hebrides
6687:Anglo-French
6654:New Zealand
6582:South Africa
6567:South Africa
6537:Newfoundland
6086:Cook Islands
6025:Saint Helena
5822:
5684:Dependencies
5670:Cook Islands
5586:
5470:Naval Ensign
5383:Murray River
5291:Border Force
5255:
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5160:
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5141:the original
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5124:
5112:. Retrieved
5108:the original
5098:
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5073:The Guardian
5072:
5063:
5054:
5045:
5036:
5017:
5008:
5003:Kwan, p. 11.
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4872:
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4855:
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4738:
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4361:
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4328:Kwan, p. 55.
4324:
4319:Kwan, p. 54.
4315:
4306:
4286:
4252:
4247:Kwan, p. 32.
4214:
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4161:
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4088:
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4062:the original
4057:
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3908:the original
3903:
3877:Kwan, p. 23.
3873:
3864:
3859:Kwan, p. 18.
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3839:The Bulletin
3838:
3829:
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3810:
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3792:
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3780:
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3737:
3725:. Retrieved
3721:
3668:. Retrieved
3661:
3627:Kwan, p. 16.
3608:
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3592:
3582:
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3475:
3468:
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3335:
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3276:
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3145:
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3091:
3086:
3074:
3027:, p. 9.
3020:
3015:, p. 4.
3008:
2997:
2976:. Retrieved
2971:
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2937:
2928:
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2868:
2830:
2824:
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2769:
2763:
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2737:
2710:
2695:, p. 6.
2668:
2661:. Retrieved
2656:
2647:
2628:
2622:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2593:
2584:
2576:
2537:
2517:
2498:Flag of Fiji
2447:
2424:
2418:
2408:
2392:Cook Islands
2377:
2373:Paul Keating
2365:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2302:
2275:
2267:Elizabeth II
2260:
2252:White Ensign
2227:
2225:
2099:
2095:
2090:Paul Neville
2087:
2066:
2062:Henry Parkes
2050:
2028:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1983:royal assent
1976:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1915:
1902:White Ensign
1895:
1890:Chris Watson
1886:
1874:
1838:
1833:
1830:
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1818:
1808:
1790:
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1598:The Bulletin
1596:
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1461:
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1279:
1268:Trish Draper
1263:
1236:Michael Cobb
1221:
1213:
1209:
1180:royal family
1162:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1079:
1028:Delta Crucis
1012:Gamma Crucis
970:Alpha Crucis
958:
931:
925:
860:Construction
850:
742:
732:
722:
720:
688:
665:
658:
611:
596:
577:
570:
549:
547:
512:
441:Coat of arms
435:
420:Video gaming
297:Architecture
203:
135:
61:state ensign
29:
7179:(1898β1930)
7164:(1775β1776)
7151:(1923β1961)
7136:(1874β1946)
7121:(1924β1964)
7106:(1906β1977)
7091:(1946β1959)
7076:(1947β1963)
7061:(1958β1967)
7046:(1953β1963)
7031:(1949β1957)
7016:(1927β1948)
7001:(1882β1963)
6986:(1824β1860)
6973:(1875β1964)
6958:(1951β1957)
6943:(1815β1864)
6930:(1880β1947)
6915:(1871β1997)
6900:(1976β1979)
6885:(1937β1976)
6870:(1875β1982)
6855:(1600β1858)
6840:(1881β1960)
6825:(1939β1948)
6810:(1886β1958)
6795:(1892β1965)
6782:(1903β1960)
6767:(1871β1958)
6752:(1922β1961)
6737:(1937β1963)
6719:Other flags
6709:(1906β1980)
6691:condominium
6677:(1925β1948)
6645:(1884β1971)
6630:(1921β1971)
6600:(1776β1777)
6585:(1928β1994)
6570:(1910β1928)
6555:(1964β1968)
6540:(1907β1931)
6525:(1868β1965)
6282:US counties
6071:New Zealand
5847:New Zealand
5617:New Zealand
5506:Eureka Flag
5501:Bowman flag
5444:Wagga Wagga
5296:Honour Flag
5079:26 December
4775:21 February
4488:. FlagPost.
4461:Kwan, p. 9.
4356:Kwan, p. 8.
4095:3 September
3787:21 November
3783:. Jon Radel
2978:23 February
2952:15 November
2796:UNSW Press
2745:. Ausflag.
2455:Morgan Poll
2411:John Howard
2388:New Zealand
2341:Flag debate
2290:John Howard
1953:Ben Chifley
1798:states that
1560:New Zealand
1401:Eureka Flag
1339:Eureka Flag
1315:Sydney Cove
1307:First Fleet
1260:John Howard
1238:introduced
1224:desecration
986:Beta Crucis
843:0%β0%β0%β0%
823:255β255β255
745:also gives
523:Blue Ensign
264:Immigration
219:Culture of
154:Blue Ensign
7305:Categories
7148:Tanganyika
6627:New Guinea
6610:Australian
6494:Historical
6150:Queensland
6001:Montserrat
5479:Historical
5424:Launceston
5342:Queensland
5271:Red Ensign
5261:Aboriginal
4862:25 January
4749:3 December
4025:. Facebook
4023:"Facebook"
4007:17 January
3835:"The Flag"
3722:pmc.gov.au
3598:5 December
3217:3 December
3002:s ch1
2911:0642471312
2600:25 January
2529:References
2216:Aboriginal
1855:during an
1853:Union Jack
1813:Red Ensign
1536:Ivor Evans
1510:Federation
1309:, Captain
1303:Botany Bay
1301:landed at
1299:James Cook
1228:Opposition
780:Source(s)
711:brightness
699:Ivor Evans
603:Union Jack
582:Union Flag
562:Federation
554:Red Ensign
527:Union Jack
383:Newspapers
307:Literature
188:Ivor Evans
140:Union Flag
130:1954-04-08
116:1908-12-08
102:1903-02-11
82:Proportion
7176:Weihaiwei
7088:Singapore
7013:Palestine
6912:Hong Kong
6867:Gibraltar
6502:Dominions
6257:US states
6113:and other
5823:Australia
5587:Australia
5429:Melbourne
5193:Australia
5150:12 August
4587:Kwan 2006
4232:0819-7105
3727:10 August
3495:313723118
3452:0156-8698
3400:13 August
3375:14 August
3342:13 August
3318:358963129
3260:1328-8091
2663:10 August
2419:Flags Act
2327:Flags Act
2074:Hyde Park
1916:Melbourne
1910:Fremantle
1906:jackstaff
1857:Anzac Day
1826:Anzac Day
1540:Melbourne
1252:Coalition
1197:ANZAC Day
1173:sovereign
1165:half-mast
825:(#FFFFFF)
820:(#FF0000)
815:(#00008B)
725:in 1934.
519:Australia
457:Monuments
410:Mythology
363:Festivals
222:Australia
159:with the
7253:Timeline
6552:Rhodesia
6341:Coquimbo
6235:Manitoba
6186:Victoria
6174:Tasmania
5905:Anguilla
5602:Kiribati
5453:Military
5414:Canberra
5409:Brisbane
5404:Adelaide
5376:Regional
5357:Victoria
5352:Tasmania
5249:National
5114:27 April
5025:Archived
4976:Archived
4920:Archived
4901:Archived
4856:ABC News
4835:Archived
4743:Archived
4518:Archived
4442:s 8
4427:s 6
4412:s 5
4341:Archived
4296:Archived
4260:Archived
4194:Archived
4123:7 August
3951:Archived
3932:Archived
3845:7 August
3819:7 August
3670:7 August
3499:Archived
3460:41562651
3314:ProQuest
3287:7 August
3281:Archived
3248:Archived
3211:Archived
3187:7 August
3181:Archived
3156:7 August
3150:Archived
3110:17384901
2946:Archived
2920:48405603
2887:49316140
2849:48405603
2747:Archived
2729:76889205
2556:Archived
2462:See also
2450:Newspoll
2280:and the
2254:and the
2242:and the
2234:and the
2031:Flag Day
2019:Flag Day
1871:, Sydney
1576:picture.
1556:Auckland
1189:funeral.
1124:Protocol
644:Scotland
628:The red
605:and the
403:Internet
368:Folklore
281:Religion
253:Language
207:a series
7073:Sarawak
6955:Malacca
6656:mandate
6247:Ontario
5929:Bermuda
5753:Tokelau
5652:Vanuatu
4029:1 March
3914:18 June
3505:18 July
3277:The Age
2804:p. 143.
2753:14 June
2448:A 2004
2400:Romania
2380:Ausflag
2357:Ausflag
1985:to the
1568:The Age
1527:cricket
1286:History
1115:⁄
1105:⁄
1095:⁄
1085:⁄
1071:⁄
1061:⁄
1045:⁄
1035:⁄
1019:⁄
1003:⁄
993:⁄
977:⁄
818:255β0β0
813:0β0β139
786:Pantone
771:Scheme
735:Pantone
729:Colours
654:Ireland
634:England
618:crosses
593:Devices
428:Symbols
358:Cuisine
335:Theatre
248:History
240:Society
171:in the
157:defaced
128: (
114: (
100: (
90:Adopted
7028:Penang
6837:Cyprus
6522:Canada
6322:Cities
6272:Hawaii
5859:Tuvalu
5728:Hawaii
5647:Tuvalu
5439:Sydney
5419:Hobart
4723:, p. 3
4440:(Cth)
4425:(Cth)
4410:(Cth)
4230:
4174:
4068:27 May
3812:Leader
3493:
3483:
3458:
3450:
3316:
3258:
3108:
3098:
3000:(Cth)
2918:
2908:
2885:
2875:
2847:
2837:
2800:
2776:
2727:
2717:
2635:
2548:
2396:Tuvalu
2246:. The
2078:London
2035:Sydney
1738:, the
1607:
1544:Sydney
933:canton
601:, the
588:Design
446:Anthem
415:Sports
393:Cinema
373:Humour
312:Comics
258:People
209:on the
149:Design
6970:Malta
6927:India
6822:Burma
6642:Papua
6329:Chile
5642:Tonga
5632:Samoa
5622:Palau
5612:Nauru
5434:Perth
5144:(PDF)
5133:(PDF)
4224:(PDF)
3456:JSTOR
3359:(Cth)
2559:(PDF)
2542:(PDF)
2509:Notes
1981:gave
1914:HMAS
1583:Argus
1552:Perth
938:staff
793:185 C
790:280 C
703:Dante
684:Alpha
556:) in
388:Radio
378:Media
350:Other
330:Music
325:Dance
175:half.
165:hoist
7227:and
6734:Aden
6659:and
6505:and
6098:Niue
5835:Fiji
5723:Guam
5675:Niue
5597:Fiji
5152:2015
5116:2012
5081:2021
4864:2022
4777:2022
4751:2017
4228:ISSN
4172:ISBN
4125:2023
4097:2023
4070:2011
4031:2022
4009:2019
3916:2008
3847:2023
3821:2023
3789:2023
3729:2024
3672:2023
3600:2021
3507:2021
3491:OCLC
3481:ISBN
3448:ISSN
3402:2024
3377:2024
3344:2024
3289:2023
3256:ISSN
3219:2017
3189:2023
3158:2023
3106:OCLC
3096:ISBN
2980:2023
2954:2017
2916:OCLC
2906:ISBN
2883:OCLC
2873:ISBN
2845:OCLC
2835:ISBN
2798:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2755:2013
2725:OCLC
2715:ISBN
2665:2024
2633:ISBN
2602:2019
2546:ISBN
2437:and
2404:Chad
2402:and
2394:and
2314:The
2303:The
2261:The
2218:and
1936:and
1896:The
1807:The
1144:The
833:CMYK
749:and
747:CMYK
689:The
666:The
513:The
436:Flag
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5195:at
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1195:On
1047:240
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803:RGB
751:RGB
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495:t
488:v
142:)
132:)
118:)
104:)
20:)
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