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Summer

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Days continue to lengthen from equinox to solstice and summer days progressively shorten after the solstice, so meteorological summer encompasses the build-up to the longest day and a diminishing thereafter, with summer having many more hours of daylight than spring. Reckoning by hours of daylight
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is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common
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The meteorological convention defines summer as comprising the months of June, July, and August in the northern hemisphere and the months of December, January, and February in the southern hemisphere. Under meteorological definitions, all seasons are arbitrarily set to start at the beginning of a
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calendar month and end at the end of a month. This meteorological definition of summer also aligns with the commonly viewed notion of summer as the season with the longest (and warmest) days of the year, in which daylight predominates.
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Because the temperature lag is shorter in the oceanic temperate southern hemisphere, most countries in this region use the meteorological definition with summer starting on 1 December and ending on the last day of February.
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decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to
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Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for
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begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the
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Conversely, the music and film industries generally experience higher returns during the summer than other times of the year and market their summer hits accordingly. Summer is popular for
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the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before
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of half a season or more is common, reckoning based on astronomical markers is shifted half a season. By this method, in North America, summer is the period from the
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With many schools closed, especially in Western countries, travel and vacationing tend to peak during the summer. Teenagers and university students often take
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and solstices would be the middle of the respective seasons, but sometimes astronomical summer is defined as starting at the solstice, the time of maximal
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weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
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occurs, summer is more generally defined as lasting from March, April, May and June, the warmest time of the year, ending with the onset of the monsoon
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Summer is usually the season of travel, swimming, summer vacation for many people, and also the season for fruits and plants to fully develop.
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People generally take advantage of the high temperatures by spending more time outdoors during summer. Activities such as travelling to the
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In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the
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one week prior (although summer conditions vary widely across Canada's expansive territory) and ends, as in the United States, on
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centre of the season, which is based on average temperature patterns, occurs several weeks after the time of maximal insolation.
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because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the
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takes place over the shortest night of the year, which is the summer solstice, or on a nearby date that varies with tradition.
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In the United States, many television shows made for children are released during the summer, as children are off school.
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holidays. Many families take extended holidays for two or three weeks or longer during summer.
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In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of
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Gabler, Robert E.; Petersen, James F.; Trapasso, L. Michael; Sack, Dorothy (2008).
2155: 1323: 1285: 1228:, summer begins on 1 December and ends on 28 February (29 February in leap years). 916: 630: 517: 429: 272: 168: 160: 2671: 901: 2776: 2643: 1907: 1869: 1847: 1386: 1357: 1319: 1314:, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in 1152: 1111: 962: 954: 823: 598: 301: 248: 1360:
through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the
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have been held during the summer months every four years since 1896. The
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regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the
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The meteorological reckoning of seasons is used in countries including
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In the middle of summer, the sun can appear even at midnight in the
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In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in
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Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In
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A wide range of public holidays fall during summer, including:
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from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the
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Reckoning by cultural festivals, the summer season in the
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marks the midpoint, not the beginning, of the seasons.
2322:. Belmont, California: Cengage Learning. p. 107. 2074: 2285:(in Chinese). 寧波出版社. 1 January 2019. pp. 9, 21. 2667: 2468:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
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Driscol, D. M.; Rice, P. B.; Fong, J. M. Y. (1994).
1356:season in the United States and Canada runs in the 973:, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the 82:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2525: 2494: 1760:occur during the summer months. Sports including 2768: 2259:. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. 2476:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2257:Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China 2133: 2462: 2460: 2458: 1189:In some Southern Hemisphere countries such as 41:"Summers" redirects here. For other uses, see 2612: 2500: 2006:. London: The MacMillan Company. p. 52. 1235:, summer starts on or around 5 May, with the 924: 2056:"Is it true summer in Ireland starts May 1?" 1372:, usually during the afternoon and evening. 2455: 2053: 1696:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2619: 2605: 2254: 1260:In southern and southeast Asia, where the 1166:is traditionally regarded as beginning on 931: 917: 2030:Organizations and strategies in Astronomy 1716:Learn how and when to remove this message 946:is the hottest and brightest of the four 142:Learn how and when to remove this message 2342: 1735: 1727: 1328: 1293: 1170:(the last weekend in May) and ending on 1110: 1080:. It is also used by many people in the 2273: 2174:"First day of summer worth celebrating" 14: 2769: 2397:"Characteristics of tropical savannas" 2377:from the original on 12 September 2017 2600: 2200:"Father's Day is first day of summer" 2033:. Vol. 7. Springer. p. 14. 29:Hottest of the four temperate seasons 2345:"Answers: When do the seasons begin" 2140:International Journal of Climatology 2026: 1999: 1694:adding citations to reliable sources 1661: 1096:, are June, July and August. By the 80:adding citations to reliable sources 51: 2343:Williams, Jack (22 February 2005). 2234:Eric Weisstein's World of Astronomy 2089:. London: HMSO. 1991. p. 260. 2062:from the original on 30 August 2011 24: 1523:Independence Day (Jordan) (25 May) 1494:, National Day of France (14 July) 1473: 25: 2788: 2564: 2540:World Meteorological Organization 2482:from the original on 18 July 2006 2299:from the original on 5 April 2023 2180:from the original on 13 July 2011 1488:in the United Kingdom and Ireland 1393:Western countries with statutory 1257:(立秋, "establishment of autumn"). 2670: 2582: 2570: 1929: 1914: 1900: 1888: 1666: 1551:Independence Day (United States) 1380: 1209:, summer is associated with the 900: 251: 167: 56: 2542:. 10 March 2009. Archived from 2470:, Hurricane Research Division. 2437:American Meteorological Society 2421: 2389: 2363: 2336: 2311: 2222: 1872:to be released theatrically in 1639:(26 December) in many countries 1025:From an astronomical view, the 67:needs additional citations for 2503:"Tropical Cyclone Climatology" 2347:. Usatoday.Com. Archived from 2206:. 19 June 2009. Archived from 2192: 2166: 2127: 2103: 2047: 2020: 1993: 1968: 1924:bear fruit when summer is near 1895:Children cycling during summer 1740:Hotels and tourists along the 13: 1: 2587:The dictionary definition of 2501:McAdie, Colin (10 May 2007). 2373:. Bom.gov.au. 11 March 2011. 2054:Cecil Adams (11 March 1983). 1962: 1657: 1746:Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 1539:Independence Day (Indonesia) 1326:, it is known as a monsoon. 988: 7: 2626: 2000:Ball, Sir Robert S (1900). 1945: 1651:(6 February) In New Zealand 1545:Independence Day (Malaysia) 1527:Independence Day (Pakistan) 1375: 1364:. These storms can produce 1178:tradition starts summer on 1037:and the summer solstice is 828:Severe weather terminology 290:Temperate and polar seasons 231:1 December – 28/29 February 10: 2793: 2748:bezdorizhzhia / rasputitsa 2255:Stepanchuk, Carol (1991). 2236:. Scienceworld.wolfram.com 2116:Royal Geographical Society 1810:also occur. These include 1304:Darwin, Northern Territory 1279: 1275: 1100:, summer begins on 1 May ( 1018: 40: 33: 2710: 2687: 2665: 2634: 2507:National Hurricane Center 2402:Charles Darwin University 1582:National Day of Singapore 1559:(United States) (19 June) 1343:Atlantic hurricane season 1014: 243: 235: 227: 219: 212: 204: 196: 188: 181: 166: 159: 1563:King's Official Birthday 1533:Independence Day (India) 47:Summers (disambiguation) 34:Not to be confused with 2433:Glossary of Meteorology 2371:"Bureau of Meteorology" 2086:Meteorological Glossary 1104:) and ends on 31 July ( 961:. At or centred on the 239:1 November – 31 January 214:Southern temperate zone 183:Northern temperate zone 43:Summer (disambiguation) 2575:Quotations related to 2439:. 2009. Archived from 2405:. 2009. Archived from 2160:10.1002/joc.3370140905 1749: 1733: 1588:National Day of Sweden 1510:Festa della Repubblica 1338: 1337:from late August 2021. 1312:Mediterranean climates 1307: 1132: 1021:Meteorological seasons 889:Tropical cyclone terms 223:22 December – 21 March 192:21 June – 23 September 2058:. The Straight Dope. 2003:Elements of Astronomy 1976:"Etymology of summer" 1739: 1731: 1332: 1297: 1114: 1019:Further information: 496:Extratropical cyclone 420:Air-mass thunderstorm 236:Solar (Celtic) season 228:Meteorological season 205:Solar (Celtic) season 197:Meteorological season 2210:on 17 September 2011 2027:Heck, Andre (2006). 1952:Summer Olympic Games 1852:2016 Summer Olympics 1840:2000 Summer Olympics 1766:association football 1690:improve this section 1623:Southern Hemisphere 1614:Victory Day (Turkey) 1498:Belgian National Day 1482:Northern Hemisphere 1168:Memorial Day weekend 856:Weather modification 454:Anticyclonic tornado 76:improve this article 2409:on 17 February 2009 2152:1994IJCli..14.1001D 2123:on 2 February 2017. 1571:(United States) or 1391:Southern Hemisphere 1368:, strong winds and 1348:Southern Hemisphere 1117:northern hemisphere 993:The modern English 983:Southern Hemisphere 975:Northern Hemisphere 851:Weather forecasting 687:Rain and snow mixed 513:Subtropical cyclone 220:Astronomical season 189:Astronomical season 156: 2351:on 27 January 2012 2320:Physical Geography 1750: 1734: 1635:(25 December) and 1608:Swiss National Day 1339: 1308: 1133: 985:, and vice versa. 953:, occurring after 907:Weather portal 523:Atlantic hurricane 501:European windstorm 408:Volcanic lightning 369:Cumulonimbus cloud 200:1 June – 31 August 154: 2764: 2763: 2636:Temperate seasons 2292:978-7-5526-3347-4 2230:"Summer Solstice" 2096:978-0-11-400363-0 2040:978-1-4020-5300-9 2013:978-1-4400-5323-8 1936:Using a handheld 1778:American football 1726: 1725: 1718: 1575:(Canada) through 1233:Chinese astronomy 997:derives from the 941: 940: 266: 265: 152: 151: 144: 126: 16:(Redirected from 2784: 2739:Mud / breakup / 2689:Tropical seasons 2680: 2675: 2674: 2621: 2614: 2607: 2598: 2597: 2586: 2574: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2549:on 25 March 2009 2548: 2537: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2509:. 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The modern 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804:are played. 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1786:skateboarding 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1744:shoreline in 1743: 1738: 1730: 1720: 1717: 1709: 1706:December 2022 1699: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1675:This section 1673: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633:Christmas Day 1631: 1628: 1627:Australia Day 1625: 1624: 1622: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1602:Faroe Islands 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590:(6 June) and 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1486:Bank holidays 1484: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1456:Calendar year 1453: 1452:academic year 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1381:School breaks 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1336: 1335:Hurricane Ida 1331: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1164:United States 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1041:. A variable 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1022: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1000: 996: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 949: 945: 934: 929: 927: 922: 920: 915: 914: 912: 911: 908: 903: 898: 897: 890: 887: 885: 884:Tornado terms 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 871: 865: 864: 857: 854: 852: 849: 843: 842:United States 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 829: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 816: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 778: 775: 771: 768: 767: 766: 763: 761: 758: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 735: 734: 733: 730: 727: 725: 724:Air pollution 722: 721: 718: 713: 712: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 684: 683: 680: 678: 675: 671: 668: 667: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 649: 646: 645: 644: 641: 639: 636: 632: 629: 628: 627: 624: 623: 620: 619:Precipitation 615: 614: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 586: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 563: 560: 559: 558: 555: 551: 548: 546: 543: 542: 541: 538: 536: 533: 529: 526: 524: 521: 520: 519: 516: 514: 511: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 451: 450: 447: 443: 440: 439: 438: 435: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 416: 413: 409: 406: 405: 404: 401: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 383: 382: 379: 375: 372: 370: 367: 366: 365: 362: 361: 358: 353: 352: 345: 342: 338: 335: 334: 333: 330: 329: 326: 321: 320: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 294: 291: 286: 285: 282: 279: 278: 274: 270: 269: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 184: 180: 176: 170: 165: 162: 158: 146: 143: 135: 132:November 2023 124: 121: 117: 114: 110: 107: 103: 100: 96: 93: –  92: 88: 87:Find sources: 81: 77: 71: 70: 65:This article 63: 59: 54: 53: 48: 44: 37: 32: 27: 19: 2756:Rainy season 2747: 2740: 2648: 2589: 2579:at Wikiquote 2551:. 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Index

Austral summer
Sumer
Summer (disambiguation)
Summers (disambiguation)

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Temperate season

Belgium
Northern temperate zone
Southern temperate zone
Summer
Spring

Autumn
Winter
a series
Weather
Temperate and polar seasons
Winter
Spring

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