235:. A total of 15 people (five men, two pregnant women and eight mostly small children) were arrested. The community's possessions, including the royal jewels and regalia were confiscated. Only Sabina Bader was able to avoid arrest by jumping out of a window. The adults were distributed to different prisons and the children were sent to different institutions.
147:
During this uncertain time, Bader hid in the attic of a sympathizer and waited for new revelations. In July and August, Bader experienced three visions in his hiding place, upon which he based his own doctrine of the "great change" that he believed would occur at Easter 1530. The visions gave him the
139:
Despite this new prediction, Bader returned to
Augsburg at Pentecost 1528 to see the fulfillment of Hut's prophecy. When Bader arrived in Augsburg, he found the Anabaptist community almost completely destroyed. At Easter 1528, a 88 Anabaptists were arrested and expelled from the city. More arrests
230:
group can be reconstructed quite well. However, it is not known who reported the whereabouts of Bader and his
Anabaptist community in Stuttgart. After the allegations became known, the authorities sent a representative in mid-January 1530 to arrest the community together with the chief bailiff of
253:
Although the authorities were unable to extract a plan from him, he was sentenced to death for rebellion. On March 30, he and his followers were executed for political upheaval in
Stuttgart, Tübingen and Nürtingen. Bader was led through the streets of Stuttgart on a cart and pinched with red-hot
194:
On St. Martin's Day 1529, Bader's other followers and their families arrived in
Lautern from Basel to wait together for the "great change" and to convey Hut's teachings about the final judgment to the people in a kind of missionary procession to convey. For the eschatological mission, Bader had
238:
Bader was jailed in
Stuttgart, where he was subjected to his first interrogation on January 27, 1530. He freely gave information about his teachings and his calling to be king in the coming thousand-year kingdom. At the same time, the others were questioned. After the first questioning, those
70:
After this wave of arrests, most leaders of the
Augsburg Anabaptists were taken prisoner or banished from the city, so Bader was appointed head of the community at the suggestion of Leonhard Freisleben. However, a few days after his election he was also arrested. Unlike his wife, he formally
210:
At the end of
November, Bader's teaching significantly expanded based on the vision of Vischer. Vischer stated that he had seen in a dream how her house had opened and royal regalia had descended on Bader. Bader interpreted Vischer's dream as a prediction for his future role as king in the
183:. There, they continued to evolve their theology, fueled by dreams, visions, and reflections on intellectual currents from late medieval and early modern Germany. Some of their views aligned with demands for social justice, which were characteristic of populist preaching during the early
151:
Towards the end of 1528, Bader left
Augsburg again and appeared at various Anabaptist meetings, where he spread his visions and tried to find followers for the movement he founded. Via Esslingen am Neckar he went to a meeting on the Schönberg river, near Geroldseck Castle in modern-day
46:
Little is known about
Augustin Bader's youth and origins. He was probably born in Augsburg shortly before 1500. He was first mentioned as a journeyman weaver in 1516; He was also referred to as a furrier. In 1517 he appears in the records as a homeowner, which indicates he was married.
163:. At this meeting he openly renounced Anabaptism in accordance with the baptismal ban decided upon in Augsburg. He received a different command from God. After the meeting in Teufen, Bader seems to have taken part in an Anabaptist meeting in
215:. The insignia included a dagger, a cup and a gold braid as a belt. They then had a sword and a dagger gold-plated. In addition, a small crown, a chain and a scepter were commissioned to be made.
156:
in order to reveal himself as a prophet to a group of confidants. He then traveled back to
Augsburg and tried to sell his property there in order to create a material basis for his new community.
211:
thousand-year kingdom and for the royal lineage of his recently born youngest son. As a direct consequence of this vision, Bader and his companions ordered the royal regalia from goldsmiths in
250:. Bader was not primarily accused of heresy, but rather of planned rebellion. On March 10, 1530, Augustin Bader was interrogated for the last time under severe torture. He refused to recant.
254:
tongs in each district. On the execution site, the executioner pressed a glowing crown onto his head. He was then beheaded with his own gold-plated sword and afterwards burned at the stake.
82:
1528. Through Eitelhans Langenmantel, Bader had obtained a copy of Hut's "Mission Booklet" and was thus informed about his apocalyptic teachings and calculation of the end times.
71:
renounced Anabaptism in order to avoid being expelled from the city. As a result, Bader secretly led a large number of meetings and carried out baptisms for believers.
89:
for a short time to prepare the Anabaptist community there for the end times. When he secretly returned to Augsburg, the community was under the leadership of
59:
in the winter of 1526/27 and joined the Augsburg Anabaptist community. Although he is not mentioned by name, it is likely Bader participated in the Augsburg
275:
90:
322:
141:
109:
105:
56:
144:, was executed as a deterrent. The remaining Anabaptist leaders agreed on a period of reflection and decided on a moratorium on baptisms.
85:
When the Augsburg council launched a second wave of arrests in February 1528, Bader was able to avoid capture through stealth. He moved to
296:
571:
566:
239:
arrested were subjected to the torture. The authorities were less interested in Bader's religious motives than in his political views.
176:
576:
561:
400:
541:
345:
306:
93:. Bader and Nespitzer disagreed regarding the end date and to avoid splitting the community, Bader was voted out as leader.
223:
Bader was not able to fulfill his role as future king for long, as he and his supporters were arrested on January 15, 1530.
195:
costumes specially designed by him made from the community treasury. The preparations also included contacting Jews from
175:
By 1529, Bader, with his wife, three children and a small group of followers had established a commune in the hamlet of
536:
556:
546:
74:
From spring of 1528 he also held large, open-air meetings outside the city to prepare the Anabaptists for the
63:
from August 20 to 24, 1527. On September 15, 1527, the Anabaptist community was raided and Gross, Sabina and
551:
492:
466:
316:
125:
247:
226:
Based on the trial files, the arrests, interrogations with torture and executions of the Bader's
121:
180:
184:
440:
262:
The line of baptismal succession for Augustin Bader (baptized 1526/27) probably goes back to
531:
8:
361:
97:
267:
341:
302:
60:
187:. Others were influenced by "elite" religious culture, including a fascination with
412:
243:
271:
153:
493:"The Anabaptists and the Jews: the case of Hatzer, Denck and the Worms Prophets"
338:
Täufertum und Kabbalah. Augustin Bader und die Grenzen der Radikalen Reformation
416:
525:
263:
148:
certainty that he was called to work as a prophet of the dawning end times.
75:
35:
467:"Millenarian Communism in Munster: The Anabaptists of the Early Reformation"
167:
in January 1529. Afterwards he disappeared from the record until July 1529.
227:
200:
124:
preacher Oswald Leber, who, based on the Jewish messianic revelation of
401:"Augustin Bader of Augsburg (d. 1530): Weaver, prophet, messianic king"
232:
159:
At the end of 1528, Bader appeared at an Anabaptist meeting in Teufen,
101:
86:
31:
164:
160:
79:
27:
204:
196:
64:
23:
188:
133:
96:
Bader then left the city and went to the Anabaptist community of
266:(baptized January 1525) via Jakob Gross (baptized Easter 1525),
129:
405:
Journal of the Economic & Social History of the Orient
212:
246:, Bader was portrayed as an agent of the expelled Duke
203:
in order to have them confirm the end times based on
50:
523:
445:Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
55:Bader and his wife Sabina were baptized by
321:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
298:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
340:(in German). Cambridge University Press.
335:
112:, who were also expelled from Augsburg.
435:
433:
140:followed. The leader of the community,
524:
394:
392:
390:
490:
430:
398:
387:
13:
572:Protestant missionaries in Germany
567:Protestant missionaries in Austria
132:as the date for the return of the
78:predicted by Hans Hut to occur at
51:Leader of the Augsburg Anabaptists
14:
588:
464:
257:
369:Concordia Theological Quarterly
577:16th-century Christian martyrs
562:German Protestant missionaries
484:
458:
354:
329:
288:
16:16th century Anabaptist leader
1:
281:
104:together with his colleagues
542:16th-century apocalypticists
491:Beck, James (October 2021).
274:(baptized January 1525) and
218:
67:were among those arrested.
41:
7:
441:"Bader, Augustin (d. 1530)"
10:
593:
500:Mennonite Quarterly Review
126:Abraham ben Eliezer Halevi
115:
417:10.1163/15685209-12341446
336:Schubert, Anselm (2008).
301:. Bader, Augustin. 1996.
278:(baptized January 1525).
120:In Strasbourg he met the
100:. From there he moved to
537:16th-century Anabaptists
399:Bast, Robert J. (2018).
270:(baptized Easter 1525),
547:Anabaptist missionaries
170:
362:"Theological Observer"
185:Protestant Reformation
248:Ulrich of Württemberg
242:In the run-up to the
128:, predicted the year
557:German Peasants' War
181:Duchy of Württemberg
122:German Peasants' War
375:(3): 243. July 1983
295:"Bader, Augustin".
98:Esslingen am Neckar
552:German Anabaptists
268:Balthasar Hubmaier
26:— March 30, 1530,
347:978-3-579-05372-1
317:cite encyclopedia
308:978-0-19-506493-3
584:
516:
515:
513:
511:
497:
488:
482:
481:
479:
477:
462:
456:
455:
453:
451:
437:
428:
427:
425:
423:
411:(1/2): 147–171.
396:
385:
384:
382:
380:
366:
358:
352:
351:
333:
327:
326:
320:
312:
292:
244:Diet of Augsburg
592:
591:
587:
586:
585:
583:
582:
581:
522:
521:
520:
519:
509:
507:
495:
489:
485:
475:
473:
463:
459:
449:
447:
439:
438:
431:
421:
419:
397:
388:
378:
376:
364:
360:
359:
355:
348:
334:
330:
314:
313:
309:
294:
293:
289:
284:
272:Wilhelm Reublin
260:
221:
173:
154:Hohengeroldseck
118:
91:Georg Nespitzer
53:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
590:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
518:
517:
483:
457:
429:
386:
353:
346:
328:
307:
286:
285:
283:
280:
259:
258:Baptismal line
256:
220:
217:
172:
169:
117:
114:
61:Martyrs' Synod
52:
49:
43:
40:
20:Augustin Bader
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
589:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
527:
505:
501:
494:
487:
472:
471:kyleorton.com
468:
465:Orton, Kyle.
461:
446:
442:
436:
434:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
395:
393:
391:
374:
370:
363:
357:
349:
343:
339:
332:
324:
318:
310:
304:
300:
299:
291:
287:
279:
277:
276:Jörg Blaurock
273:
269:
265:
264:Konrad Grebel
255:
251:
249:
245:
240:
236:
234:
229:
224:
216:
214:
208:
206:
202:
198:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
168:
166:
162:
157:
155:
149:
145:
143:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
76:Last Judgment
72:
68:
66:
62:
58:
48:
39:
37:
36:Millennialist
33:
29:
25:
22:(circa 1495,
21:
508:. Retrieved
503:
499:
486:
474:. Retrieved
470:
460:
448:. Retrieved
444:
420:. Retrieved
408:
404:
377:. Retrieved
372:
368:
356:
337:
331:
297:
290:
261:
252:
241:
237:
225:
222:
209:
193:
174:
158:
150:
146:
142:Hans Leupold
138:
119:
110:Hans Koeller
106:Gall Vischer
95:
84:
73:
69:
54:
45:
19:
18:
532:1530 deaths
228:millenarian
57:Jakob Gross
34:leader and
526:Categories
282:References
233:Blaubeuren
102:Strasbourg
87:Kaufbeuren
32:Anabaptist
219:Martyrdom
165:Nuremberg
161:Appenzell
80:Pentecost
42:Biography
30:) was an
28:Stuttgart
510:26 April
476:26 April
450:26 April
422:26 April
379:26 April
205:kabbalah
201:Günzburg
197:Leipheim
65:Hans Hut
24:Augsburg
189:Judaism
179:in the
177:Lautern
134:Messiah
116:Prophet
344:
305:
496:(PDF)
365:(PDF)
512:2024
478:2024
452:2024
424:2024
381:2024
342:ISBN
323:link
303:ISBN
199:and
171:King
130:1530
108:and
506:(4)
413:doi
213:Ulm
528::
504:75
502:.
498:.
469:.
443:.
432:^
409:61
407:.
403:.
389:^
373:47
371:.
367:.
319:}}
315:{{
207:.
191:.
136:.
38:.
514:.
480:.
454:.
426:.
415::
383:.
350:.
325:)
311:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.