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it was only a question of whether she would be appointed or institute a coup. This was of concern to Eddy, who took opportunists to make it clear that she would not appoint
Stetson as her successor. Eddy had maintained a regular correspondence with Stetson since she had gone to New York, and had consistently and increasingly chastised Stetson for her radical views, especially for Stetson's comparisons between Eddy and Jesus Christ. Eddy tried one last time to bring Stetson back into the fold in December of 1908, inviting her to her home in Massachusetts to talk. Stetson expressed repentance to Eddy, and said she would not build any branch churches to rival the Mother Church. However, in 1909, Stetson again sent Eddy a worshiping letter to the point of heresy. It was the last straw, and Eddy asked the Board of Directors of the Mother Church to investigate Stetson and the conditions of her New York church. She also wrote to Stetson, telling her to "awake" from the temptation to deify her.
183:(known as the Mother Church) in Boston, which was the headquarters of the Christian Science movement. The $ 1,200,000 church edifice on 96th Street and Central Park West was dedicated free of debt in November 1903. Stetson moved into a luxurious $ 100,000 mansion next to the church built and furnished by her followers for her in 1904, which was viewed speciously within the Mother Church and the wider Christian Science movement, as rumors that Stetson wanted to supplant Eddy as leader of the movement spread. As one historian wrote, at least some part of Stetson wanted Eddy dead so she could replace her as head of the church. Stetson also privately planned to move the headquarters of the Christian Science church from Boston to her home in New York after Eddy's death. Those who opposed Stetson's wishes continued to be ostracized or even excommunicated from her church, including the future First Reader of The Mother Church,
246:, and was often the subject of controversy. William Taylor, a Stetson follower who was the official licensee for the station, was expelled from the Mother Church for his involvement, and the Mother Church issued a circular denouncing WHAP's anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish broadcasts. Stetson's former church in New York condemned her for the station, saying that she was in "no way connected with the Christian Science movement" and that the church opposed all "attacks on other religions or religionists." In 1927, Stetson predicted her own immortality, and in 1928, shortly before her death, she announced she was withdrawing from her radio station. Stetson died on October 12, 1928, in
151:. Stetson however refused to acknowledge any Christian Science churches in New York other than her own. Stetson's rivalry with Lathrop was well known, and she and her followers even tried to purchase Second Church's building lot, which Lathrop's church had recently purchased to build their church edifice on, out from underneath them. By the 1890s, Stetson began losing support even among some of her star pupils such as Blanche Hersey Hogue and Carol Norton. Another teacher of Christian Science, Edward A. Kimball, wrote Eddy: "Mrs. Stetson's fellow scientists are getting thoroughly disgusted with her... If she does not begin to reform soon, she will find herself rather lonesome."
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had begun keeping a diary of what was said in them after becoming disturbed by what he heard during the meetings. His diary included entries on the fear
Stetson's inner circle had of her; her hatred of other churches in New York; that Stetson now believed Eddy was God and that Stetson herself was Christ; and how she tried to harm and even kill others through hypnotism, even at one point attempting to hypnotize Strickler himself in a "sing-song" voice. The Directors used his diary to frame yes or no questions for Stetson's inner circle in order to get straight answers from them.
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letter by Eddy to side with the Mother Church in Boston, accepting
Stetson's resignation and expelling a number of officials who had sided with her. As one historian wrote: "Such had been the turmoil caused by the case, and so shocking had been the evidence against Mrs. Stetson, that all but a few of her closest associates accepted the banishment with more relief than protest." In a reversal from the previous antagonism with Second Church, The new First Church leadership announced that the Thanksgiving service that year would be combined with Second Church's.
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testing her. She came to believe her mission was to create a more "spiritual" version of
Christian Science, which she called the "Church Triumphant." When Eddy died in 1910, Stetson declared that she believed Eddy would rise from the grave like Jesus and appear to her personally before appearing to the rest of the world, a claim Stetson would repeat for the rest of her life. It became a national news story and Christian Scientists, including the Christian Science Board of Directors itself, repeatedly denounced these proclamations as
114:. Eddy's church was based on the healings of Christ Jesus, and drew both faithful adherents and hostile critics. After Eddy's class, Stetson went to Maine and soon began reporting impressive healings herself. In 1885, she was called to Boston to preach at Eddy's own church as one of five preachers on alternating Sundays. Eddy was apparently disappointed with Stetson's preaching style however, such as her going on stage in immodest dress, and was particularly "mortified" by her at least once "imitating a Negro playing on a banjo."
130:, who had been sent there in October 1885 to help organize a church there, roughly a year before Stetson. Lathrop was, according to a journalist, "almost the antithesis of Mrs. Stetson in character and temperament" and that "Mrs. Lathrop attracts love, whereas Mrs. Stetson compels respect." Before Stetson arrived in New York, Lathrop had already established a Christian Science teaching institute, stirred up interest for the new religion in the city, and had even been praised for her healing work by Methodist bishop
187:. Stetson's church continued to grow, and in 1908, Stetson planned to buy the entire blockfront on Riverside Drive from 109th to 110th Street for a new branch church. The new branch church was again envisioned to rival the Mother Church, and was seen as a "formal challenge to the Boston establishment" since only the Mother Church was allowed to have branches. Stetson's plan was that her church would then become a new "Mother Church" for the New York churches.
158:; however, Stetson required prodding by Eddy herself to in order to stop preaching. Despite relinquishing the position however, she retained absolute power over the church. Stetson believed she was the unquestioned leader of the Christian Scientists in New York, and had a special relationship with Eddy above her other students; Eddy reprimanded her for this, at one point writing her: "Do not claim that you are my chosen one for you are not."
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years. "Eddy," wrote one historian, "who seemed to genuinely care for
Stetson and appreciate her hard work, spent 20 years cajoling and praising her headstrong student, while also occasionally rapping her knuckles." Eddy told Stetson that she was "the most troublesome student that I call loyal", but still thanked her for her work. At one point Eddy told
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Lathrop should die, and that the Mother Church was corrupted by the devil. It was revealed that in 1901, Stetson and some of her followers had lied under oath during a lawsuit. Some of her other radical views included that sex and procreation were evil, and that she attempted to "control and to injure persons by mental means."
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The Board conducted an investigation over months of interviews, calling practitioners and officials from the New York church. In addition to what the Board already knew, they found
Stetson had told her inner circle that her New York church was the only true Christian Science church in the world, that
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Because
Stetson's church in New York was the largest and richest Christian Science church in the world at the time, many people within and without the movement saw her as Eddy's obvious successor as leader of the Christian Science church, a position Stetson clearly saw herself in as well, and to many
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A particularly important witness was Virgil O. Strickler, a lawyer from Omaha who had moved to New York and joined
Stetson's church in 1906, and who by 1909 was serving as the First Reader in Stetson's church. As First Reader, he was invited into Stetson's private meetings with her inner circle, and
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have been made to prevent injuring my students and causing me trouble in my church... She does not trample on my students as she used to, for she dare not owing to my church bylaws." Eddy increasingly chastised
Stetson in letters, but was also grateful for the support Stetson had given her over the
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Stetson clearly resented
Lathrop. In 1891, she established the "New York City Christian Science Institute" to rival Lathrop's teaching institute, and formed a core group of support for herself within the fledgling church. Stetson would not allow Lathrop to speak at meetings, and that year, although
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in February 1888; which was incorporated with 17 students with Stetson being named as preacher. According to one historian, Stetson's "tall, stately figure, her elegant appearance, her rich speaking voice, and her magnetic personality attracted a large and rapidly growing following, a considerable
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Stetson still retained some support, and continued to live in her mansion next to First Church, instructing students who had remained loyal to her. She claimed that Eddy was still on her side, and that Eddy's actions were actually a way to free her from the Mother Church, or that Eddy was merely
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In the fall of 1909, the Board revoked Stetsons license as a Christian Science teacher and practitioner, and soon afterwards called Stetson for a personal examination, after which they dropped her name from membership in the church. Stetson's own church, though divided, was persuaded by a timely
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Churches of Christ, Scientist within a single city are named "First", "Second", "Third" and so on, appended with the name of the city. The Mother Church in Boston is known as "The First Church of Christ, Scientist" and is the only one to use the definitive article "The" in its
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grew larger, they were forced to change meeting location several times to accommodate their increasing congregation. In 1899 they began construction on a large and expensive edifice of their own, costing over one million dollars and which Stetson envisioned would rival
161:
Stetson held the position of First Reader in her church until 1902, when the term of reader in all Christian Science churches was set by Eddy to no more than three years, in part because of Stetson herself. As Eddy told Lathrop: "Almost all my rules in the
221:. Stetson was, as one historian put it, an "incurable mythomaniac" and that "nothing she says, especially about herself, can be taken at face value", even going so far as to reassemble photostats of handwritten letters from Eddy to make herself look good.
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Both Stetson and Lathrop refused monetary offers of thanks by their respective churches for their tenure as readers, and Lathrop refused any remuneration at all, or the title of Reader Emeritus; while Stetson did accept an annual stipend from the
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portion of which was personally devoted to her." Stetson began exerting her influence and control more and more over the New York Christian Scientist community, as well as in other parts of the United States, including as far west as
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Stetson published pamphlets advocating her "Church Triumphant" and attacking the Mother Church, and spent a significant amount of her followers' money promoting her views in newspapers. She also started a short lived magazine called
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propaganda and classical music." The station, known as WHAP for "We Hold America Protestant", and officially owned by a group of Stetson's students who called themselves the Defenders of Truth Society, was known for being overtly
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Eddy also later hired Lathrop's son John as a secretary, and would take Lathrop's side during conflicts between the two churches, such as preventing Stetson from building a church two blocks away from Lathrop's.
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In addition to serving as preacher of her church, Stetson had total control over it and approved all major decisions. In 1895, preachers in all Christian Science churches were replaced by
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62:. Afterwards she began preaching and publishing various works on her theories which she named the "Church Triumphant," and started a controversial radio station to advance her cause.
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Simmons) (October 12, 1842 – October 12, 1928) was an American religious leader. Known for her impressive oratory skills and magnetic personality, she attracted a large following in
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Stetson had a largely negative impact on biographies of Eddy. In particular, Stetson was a main source for a book attacking Eddy by Edwin Dakin.
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Nearly one hundred years later in 2004, the two churches merged, retaining the name First Church but moving into Second Church's building.
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in America" which in 1925 merged with a radio station bought for her by her students. The station broadcast "an extraordinary mixture of
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that she had "rebuked more severely than almost any other student and am still trying to save her."
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Swihart, Altman K. (1971). James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (eds.).
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614:"Laura Lathrop: I sat down there with my bonnet on and gave him treatment"
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78:. She married Frederick J. Stetson and lived in
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593:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
522:. Reading, Mass: Perseus Books.
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17:
12:
11:
5:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
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1826:
1816:
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1809:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:Restorationism
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1708:materia medica
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1683:
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1677:
1669:
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1663:
1662:
1660:
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1648:
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1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1633:(Fraser, 1999)
1626:
1618:
1617:(Braden, 1958)
1610:
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1594:
1585:
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1579:
1578:
1576:
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1518:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:Martin Gardner
1486:
1481:
1479:Julius Dresser
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
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1449:Norman Beasley
1446:
1440:
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1419:
1418:
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1413:Robin Williams
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1388:Audrey Hepburn
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1311:Jean Stapleton
1308:
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1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Carol Channing
1258:
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1220:H. R. Haldeman
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1197:
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1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
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1157:
1155:Adam H. Dickey
1152:
1146:
1144:
1143:Church leaders
1137:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
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1123:
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1103:
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1087:Other churches
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877:External links
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119:
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67:
64:
60:false teaching
52:excommunicated
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1924:
1913:
1912:Elocutionists
1910:
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1819:The Principia
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1705:Avoidance of
1704:
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1625:(Knapp, 1991)
1624:
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1593:(Twain, 1907)
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1398:Henry Paulson
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1371:
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1359:Raised within
1357:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Violet S. Hay
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1317:
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1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Mickey Rooney
1304:
1302:
1301:Ginger Rogers
1299:
1297:
1296:Mary Pickford
1294:
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1256:Joan Crawford
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:Entertainment
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1223:
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1218:
1216:
1213:
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1198:
1194:Other notable
1192:
1186:
1183:
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1178:
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1173:
1171:
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1163:
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1158:
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1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:and buildings
1085:
1078:
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1073:
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1023:
1019:
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990:Church Manual
987:
985:
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979:
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962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
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945:
942:
941:
939:
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936:Mother Church
933:
930:
928:
924:
920:
913:
908:
906:
901:
899:
894:
893:
890:
884:
881:
880:
867:
861:
854:
853:
846:
844:
842:
833:
826:
810:
806:
800:
793:
792:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
763:
757:
755:
747:
746:
739:
737:
735:
726:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
671:
669:
667:
665:
656:
650:
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636:
632:
631:
623:
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604:
602:
600:
592:
591:
584:
578:
574:
570:
569:
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560:
558:
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548:
546:
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531:
529:9780738200422
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520:
512:
510:
508:
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500:
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432:
430:9780486245232
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411:
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388:
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326:
317:
307:
298:
288:
284:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
251:
249:
245:
241:
240:anti-Catholic
236:
232:
228:
222:
220:
209:
205:
201:
197:
188:
186:
182:
177:
172:
170:
165:
159:
157:
152:
150:
144:
142:
137:
133:
129:
128:Laura Lathrop
125:
124:New York City
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:British Burma
85:
81:
77:
73:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:Laura Lathrop
37:
36:New York City
33:
29:
21:
1706:
1696:The Absolute
1672:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1568:Sibyl Wilbur
1548:Rodney Stark
1516:Willa Cather
1508:
1504:B. O. Flower
1494:Gillian Gill
1408:Denton Welch
1281:Horton Foote
1159:
1065:Church roles
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
860:
850:
831:
825:
813:. Retrieved
799:
789:
743:
687:(1): 11–18.
684:
680:
629:
622:
588:
583:
566:
518:
466:
419:
385:
325:
316:
306:
297:
287:
271:
265:
259:
244:anti-Semitic
235:protofascist
226:
223:
215:
206:
202:
198:
194:
173:
160:
153:
145:
121:
100:elocutionist
69:
31:
27:
26:
1857:1928 deaths
1852:1842 births
1797:New Thought
1770:Eschatology
1666:Legal cases
1538:Robert Peel
1383:Henry Fonda
1368:Anne Archer
1210:Nancy Astor
1170:Calvin Frye
1165:Bliss Knapp
1025:(newspaper)
1014:Periodicals
997:Prose Works
92:New England
1846:Categories
1558:Mark Twain
1316:King Vidor
1291:Val Kilmer
1225:Egil Krogh
1057:(magazine)
1049:(magazine)
1041:(magazine)
815:2009-09-04
337:References
1510:McClure's
1266:Doris Day
964:Mapparium
649:cite book
577:1522-5658
219:heretical
1724:Idealism
1203:Politics
693:40491894
1753:Related
1430:Writers
1077:Readers
311:church.
156:readers
80:England
58:and of
1645:Groups
1437:People
691:
637:
575:
526:
427:
292:title.
274:(1914)
268:(1913)
164:Manual
96:Boston
86:, and
1582:Books
1329:Other
689:JSTOR
279:Notes
260:Poems
84:India
655:link
635:ISBN
573:ISSN
524:ISBN
425:ISBN
242:and
32:née
1848::
840:^
807:.
769:^
753:^
733:^
701:^
685:97
683:.
679:.
663:^
651:}}
647:{{
598:^
538:^
474:^
458:^
439:^
395:^
345:^
250:.
143:.
82:,
911:e
904:t
897:v
818:.
695:.
657:)
643:.
532:.
433:.
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
