648:, players compete individually, not in pairs, and after each hand has been dealt must name the number of tricks to take, scoring one point per trick and a bonus 10 for matching their contract. All 52 cards are dealt for the first hand, 48 for the second, 44 the next and so until a 13th round with just one trick. Trumps are pre-defined for each hand in sequence as: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, no trumps, lose all with no trumps â where players lose 10 points per trick taken and some players invariably end up in negative points â hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds. The total number of tricks bid each round cannot match the number of tricks available, so the dealer each hand must bid with this constraint in mind â sometimes this constraint is waived for the final round if players agree in advance. The winner is the player who has accumulated the most points at the end of the final round.
181:
3324:
539:
No Trumps (5 points per tick won), Misery (lose 5 points per trick 'won'), Blind (betting on number of tricks before cards are seen). Following the mid-section, seven further rounds are played, starting with seven cards and reducing to one. Trumps each round are pre-designated, following the pattern hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades. Scoring is based on 10 points for a correct bet, 1 point for every trick won (whether wanted or not).
862:
314:
45:
819:("ace partner") in which the bidder chooses his partner by calling an ace, who becomes a blind partner, and only revealed by playing the partner ace. Is also often played with 2 or 3 jokers as automatic suit-breaking trump cards. McLeod records two types: one with fixed partnerships and one in which the partner is called by an Ace.
1326:, whist is mentioned three times: in Chapter 18 ("A Retrospect") as the pastime of Mr. Chestle, the future husband of Miss Larkins; in Chapter 37 ("A Little Cold Water"), Mr. Mills is said to frequent a whist club; and in Chapter 41 ("Dora's Aunts"), as the game played by Mr. Pidger (more precisely in the form of short whist).
1426:, the Prince tells him, "Lord Melbourne, forgive me but you seem to have confused me with a member of your club. I am not your drinking companion nor your whist partner. I am the husband of your sovereign. And as such, I will make my own decisions, and I neither seek nor invite your advice. Good evening."
1252:
At the sound of that name, falling unexpectedly into this annoying affair, the
Assistant Commissioner dismissed brusquely the vague remembrance of his daily whist party at his club. It was the most comforting habit of his life, in a mainly successful display of his skill without the assistance of any
301:
The play at Whist is the simplest form of
Triumph and has been used by many other games. Eldest Hand, the player on Dealer's left, leads to the first trick. Dealer picks up the trump card when it is their turn to play. Players must follow suit if they can, and if they can't follow suit may discard or
428:
The play of a lower honour even though holding a higher one, hoping that the intermediate honour is held by a player who has already played to the trick. To give an example: you hold the ace and queen of hearts. Your right-hand antagonist leads a heart, from which you infer that he holds the king of
538:
Dutch whist, similar to diminishing contract whist, where up to seven players compete to win the most points by betting at the start of each round how many tricks they will win. In Dutch whist, players start with one card in round one and go up to seven cards, then play a mid section of rounds with
328:
Short Whist in
Britain was played with a game five odd tricks and the first pair to win two games won the Rubber. Honours were optional with a pair holding three of the top four Honours getting one trick bonus, and all four top honours a two trick bonus. In America game was seven odd tricks. Long
292:
Dealer chooses a pack, which their side will deal through out, and passes it to the player on their left to be shuffled. Dealer then picks up the pack, and may give it a last shuffle, before passing to the player on their right to cut. Dealer then completes the cut and deals 13 cards to each player
204:
as the most popular descendant of
Triumph played in England during the 17th Century. Whist is described as a simpler, more staid, version of Ruff and Honours with the twos removed instead of having a stock. In the 18th Century Whist, played with a 52 card pack, would supersede Ruff and Honours. The
1464:
who refuses to pay him in full for a hired killing. "I spent a long time waiting for the cavalry, me. One time, me and my comrades waited three days. When the cavalry finally came, an officer on the back of a fine white horse joked that he'd been delayed playing a game of whist. So, I took out my
724:
in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take and will be 'blobbed in' if wrong. Can be played with four or five players. Six cards each, total number of tricks bid for in each hand cannot add up to six. Person to left of dealer nominates trumps or no trumps and then
283:
A standard 52-card pack is used and the game is played
Clockwise. By the time of Whist, the Ace had been promoted to top honour, so the cards are ranked: A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. Whist is played by four players who draw cards to decide partnerships and the Dealer. The two lowest cards play
1173:
describes a high-stakes whist game between Jamie Fraser, "who was indeed an excellent card player. He also knew most of the possible ways of cheating at cards. However, whist was difficult, if not impossible to cheat at", and Phylip Wylie, who had angered Fraser by making advances to his
255:, which became the standard text. In his book, Jones outlined a comprehensive history of Whist, and suggested that its ancestors could include a game called Trionf, mentioned by a sixteenth century Italian poet named Berni, and a game called Trump (or Triumph), mentioned in Shakespeare's
1149:, the game is referenced numerous times as an aristocratic pursuit played frequently at the Vincy residence. In particular, the clergyman Mr. Farebrother supplements his income by playing for money, a pursuit looked down upon by many of his parishioners.
1314:
The rubber was conducted with all that gravity of deportment and sedateness of demeanour which befit the pursuit entitled "whist"âa solemn observance, to which, as it appears to us, the title of "game" has been very irreverently and ignominiously
1253:
subordinate. He entered his club to play from five to seven, before going home to dinner, forgetting for those two hours whatever was distasteful in his life, as though the game were a beneficent drug for allaying the pangs of moral discontent.
838:
In it, the winning (or sometimes losing, dependent on the local custom) pair of a hand "progress" around the room, i.e. one person moves up the table sequence and one person moves down. On arriving at the new table, the next hand is played.
825:
Progressive whist or compass whist â a competition format in which two players from each table move to the next table after a fixed number of games which are played to a fixed format, e.g. with the designated trump suit changing each
518:
classifies this family into a number of sub-groups: the auction whist, Boston, classic whist and exact bidding groups, and games played by numbers of players other than four. The following is a selection within each sub-group.
336:
When playing for stakes a game is one point. Game where opponents score 1 or 2 tricks is a double game and game where opponents don't score any tricks is a triple game. There is a two point bonus for winning the Rubber.
268:
In the early 1890s, Whist was quickly replaced by the new game of Bridge in clubs. Whist was still played as a social game, in club individual duplicate cardplay competitions, and later at charitable social events called
366:
2nd hand usually plays low, especially with a single honour. However, it is often correct to split honours (play the lower of two touching honours) and to cover a J or 10 when holding Qx and cover a Q when holding the
876:
667:(also played in south Asia), a variation of court piece in which tricks are only captured when the same player wins two tricks in succession. The player then captures all the unclaimed tricks up to that point.
527:
The auction whist group is a family of games with the characteristics of whist â an auction for the right to choose trumps won by the highest contract or largest number of tricks â and fixed partnerships.
332:
Modern Short Whist is commonly played with three
Honours worth two points and all four Honours worth four points. A pair with four points is unable to win game by Honours and needs to make an odd trick.
959:
Whist has long been noted for its influence upon what is termed the calculating power; and men of the highest order of intellect have been known to take an apparently unaccountable delight in it, ...
1233:
laments his inability to play well under pressure. "I suffered similarly whenever I played chess or whist, which excited me so terribly that I always had nightmares from the thought of how I
429:
the same suit and wishes to draw the ace, in order to make his king. You however play the queen, and win the trick; still retaining your ace, ready to win again when he plays his king.
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The suit chosen by the last-dealt card that will beat all other suits regardless of rank. If two or more trump cards are played in a single trick, the highest-ranking trump wins it.
822:
Ladder whist â A student game that is effectively the opposite of knock-out whist. Players start as 'dogs' with just one card each and win the game by achieving a hand of 7 cards.
872:
1188:
notes that "his fondness for card-playing, which, although in his early years he had given up games of chance, still led him to squander but too much time upon whist."
731:, oh pshaw, or nomination whist â game for three to seven players in which the number of cards dealt is usually increased or decreased by one in each successive deal.
404:
One card at a time is given to each player by the dealer starting with the player on the dealer's left and proceeding clockwise until the deck is fully distributed.
586:
845:
A progressive whist drive is normally 24 hands, with each hand being a different trump. Trumps normally follow the sequence: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades.
835:
A whist drive is a social event at which progressive games of whist are played across a number of tables which are numbered or ordered into a sequence.
2029:
1094:, a character Hlestakov lies about playing whist with a group of influential ambassadors to look important. It is also prominent in Gogol's poema, "
946:, "The Underside of the Cards of a Game of Whist", traces the secret affair between a lady and an expert whist player, leading to an horrific act.
422:
In some variations, a hand is turned face up and is played from by the player seated opposite. This allows the game to be played by three players.
275:. There are many modern variants of whist still played for fun, though whist can still be played online following the same rules as 300 years ago.
453:
In some variations, extra points are assigned after a game to a team if they were dealt the ace, king, queen, and jack (knave) of the trump suit.
363:
1st hand: It is usual to lead the king from a sequence of honours that includes it, including AK (the lead of an ace therefore denies the king).
265:. Whist by now was governed by elaborate and rigid rules covering the laws of the game, etiquette and play which took time to study and master.
601:
253:
The
Principles of Whist Stated and Explained, and Its Practice Illustrated on an Original System, by Means of Hands Played Completely Through
980:
His only pastime was reading the papers and playing whist. He frequently won at this quiet game, so very appropriate to his nature; ...
691:â in which there are no trumps, and hands can be played to win tricks or to lose tricks; see also the very similar game of Norwegian whist.
1222:, members of the Falconeri family and the priest play the game, much to the joy of a Piedmontese guest, reassured of their civilized ways.
510:
As Whist is the simplest form of
Triumph played with full 52 card pack and developed formal rules, it formed the basis of many subsequent
302:
play a trump. The trick is won by the highest card of the suit led, unless trumps are played to the trick, when the highest trump wins.
305:
Before the next trick starts, a player may ask to review the cards from the last trick. The winner of the trick leads to the next trick.
232:
Whist was first played on scientific principles by gentlemen in the Crown Coffee House in
Bedford Row, London, around 1728, according to
1642:
465:
Rare or obsolete. To prevent one's adversary from scoring a treble or in the phrase 'save one's lurch' to just escape losing the game .
1439:
is mentioned to have become impoverished after her father lost their fortune at whist, along with various other references throughout.
932:", the banker Mr. Merryweather complains that he is missing his regular rubber of whist in order to help Holmes catch a bank robber.
573:
is a
Russian card-game also known as Russian whist, with an ascending auction similar to bridge and more complex scoring than whist.
1397:
973:
935:
180:
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in which partners communicate about their cards, and one directs the play of the other. Good for teaching learners and children.
2022:
1943:
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1001:
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which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the rules are simple, there is scope for strategic play.
489:
A suit holding containing the highest and third-highest of the suit or (the "minor tenace") second- and fourth-highest.
561:â a contract-type game similar to bid whist; the game's name comes from the fact that spades is always the trump suit.
1667:
1569:
395:
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3327:
2015:
1465:
Webley revolver and I shot him in the head, stole his horse, reported him for cowardice. All for a game of chance."
921:
1691:
654:â played in Britain; a game where individuals can bid to win five, nine or thirteen tricks or to lose every trick.
3397:
3392:
1436:
1352:
describes a game of whist played by a group of dinner guests, one of whom is ridiculed for not knowing the rules.
1392:) mentions he plays whist, and is so good that nobody in his hometown will play with him because he always wins.
928:", Brenda Tregennis plays whist with her brothers George, Mortimer and Owen shortly before she is murdered. In "
3333:
1714:
360:
may also be a good lead, aiming at trumping in that suit, as one's partner should normally return the suit led.
284:
together, and choose their seats facing each other. Highest card is Dealer and 2nd highest is their partner.
953:
895:
515:
357:
17:
1266:, whist was the most frequently played card game in her social circle while she lived in Richmond, Virginia.
353:
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1219:
1209:(it was also noted that The Shade would regularly win at whist, while Savage would regularly win at poker).
1107:
240:, suspected to be a member of this group, began to tutor wealthy young gentlemen in the game and published
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1123:, the characters contrast the solemnity of the funeral ceremony with the desire to escape and play whist.
110:
382:
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3283:
2042:
1444:
1038:
891:
2511:
1020:
747:â game in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take; similar to oh hell.
261:. Many subsequent editions and enlargements of Jones's book were published using the simpler title
2823:
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By convention the pair who sits has shuffled and deals after the arriving pair has cut the pack.
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Thirteen tricks. (52 cards in the deck divided by four players equals thirteen cards per player.)
374:
can be a useful technique, especially in trumps where honours cannot be trumped if they are not
3087:
2773:
1423:
1344:
1053:
Miss Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Wickham discuss Mr. Darcy during a whist party in chapter 16 of
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series. Hornblower is featured as living off his winnings from playing whist while a half-pay
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3149:
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1701:
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1197:
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929:
772:, trumps (UK) or diminishing whist â game in which a player who wins no tricks is eliminated.
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2198:
1485:
1365:, whist is mentioned in several scenes; StanisĆaw Wokulski and Tomasz ĆÄcki play for money.
1160:
talks about playing whist with an ex-girlfriend during a chapter on her husband's insomnia.
257:
248:
555:â a Finnish variant of vint, which became common in Finland while it was a part of Russia.
8:
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2281:
1984:
1303:
1259:
1059:
925:
244:
in 1742. It became the standard text and rules for the game for the next hundred years.
1540:
567:(played in the Arab world, a game in which the person who wins the bid picks the trump).
535:â a partnership game with bidding, popular among African Americans in the United States.
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1992:
329:
Whist was also played where game was 9 or 10 odd tricks, usually played with Honours.
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Discards are usually low cards of an unwanted suit. However, when the opponents are
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924:", Ronald Adair plays whist at one of his clubs shortly before he is murdered. In "
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For the opening lead, it is best to lead your strongest suit, which is usually the
201:
192:
of a session of the Women's Whist Club Congress, April 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri
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2007:
1953:
1910:
1601:
1480:
1308:
1298:
1016:
949:
917:
769:
707:â four-hand Swedish game with two contracts: red (positive) and black (negative).
688:
645:
385:
a suit preference signal is given by throwing a low card of one's strongest suit.
318:
2818:
2778:
1744:
Official Rules of Card Games, United States Playing Card Company, 59th ed., 1973
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325:
A point is scored for each odd trick (trick in excess of six) won by a pair.
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1979:
1931:
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1085:
795:(also known as Scotch whist) â two to eight players, 36 cards related to the
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629:
370:
3rd hand usually plays high, though play the lowest of touching honours. The
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1980:
Whist on the Internet Archive (includes a number of 19th century manuals)
1876:
1529:
Waddingtons Family Card Games, Robert Harbin, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1972
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and was used mainly to portray gambling much the same way poker is today.
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1999:
1969:
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The Pan Book of Card Games, Hubert Phillips, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1960
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1974:
1495:
1409:) mentions and is seen playing whist several times throughout the film.
1290:
1277:, the game is mentioned as a way Ajarry was sold to another slaveowner.
1180:
1095:
997:, and famously playing whist with subordinate officers before a battle.
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782:
is dealt, which players have the option to exchange for their own hand.
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Reaching a total score agreed beforehand to be the score played up to.
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1660:
Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the History Behind Them
1202:
1192:
741:, in which one tries to bid the exact number of tricks one will take.
694:
680:
641:
606:
532:
416:
The pack of cards used for playing comprising 52 cards in four suits.
169:
54:
2156:
636:
Diminishing contract whist â British variant, combining elements of
3233:
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19th-century whist scoring counter, depicting the departure of
44:
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one at a time, dealing their last card face up to set trumps.
3268:
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2783:
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2071:
2065:
778:â Also called widow whist, a three-player variant in which a
1635:
848:
Sometimes a break for refreshments is taken after 12 hands.
3291:
3273:
3258:
3180:
1505:
670:
623:â played in 19th-century Europe, played by Count Rostov in
570:
546:
441:
The winning, by one team, of all thirteen tricks in a hand.
1538:
1590:. Longmans, Green, and Co. (New York, London), 269 pages.
766:â British two-player adaptation of whist without bidding.
1848:
1846:
1564:
Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 340, David Parlett
1858:
751:
1843:
1795:
1783:
1662:. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 167.
483:
The winning, by one team, of twelve tricks in a hand.
251:, writing under the pseudonym "Cavendish", published
1294:
book series, the game is played by the protagonists.
2037:
956:", alluding to the analytical mind needed to play:
340:Whist can be scored with a pen and paper, or with
1735:Notes and queries, p. 328 â Bell & Daldy 1863
3369:
205:game takes its name from the 17th-century word
2023:
1952:
1697:
809:. Combines several whist variants, including
786:
1602:"Wistful - Define Wistful at Dictionary.com"
1205:is a whist player, and enjoyed playing with
939:
814:
584:
1098:", and mentioned in Gogol's short stories "
1063:. The game is also mentioned in her books
678:
599:
545:â a predecessor and more primitive form of
2030:
2016:
495:Four cards played one each by the players.
410:The player who deals the cards for a hand.
1630:
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1801:
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1542:English Whist and English Whist players
14:
3370:
1126:Whist is played by many characters in
1050:is an extremely skillful whist player.
851:
760:â a three-player variant of bid whist.
711:
658:
522:
2011:
1986:A short treatise on the game of whist
1646:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911.
1619:
952:briefly mentioned whist in his tale "
920:detective stories feature whist. In "
242:A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist
1676:
1657:
1580:
1545:. London: Richard Bentley & Son.
855:
1539:Courtney, William Prideaux (1894).
1442:In series 5 of the television show
752:Whists for other numbers of players
24:
886:by removing the content or adding
225:, which is the root of the modern
25:
3409:
1963:
926:The Adventure of the Devil's Foot
459:The first card played in a trick.
396:Glossary of contract bridge terms
3323:
3322:
2001:The Laws and Principles of Whist
1958:. Oxford University Press. 1872.
922:The Adventure of the Empty House
860:
346:
270:
43:
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1707:
1452:recalls a story of his time in
974:Around the World in Eighty Days
967:uses whist playing to describe
583:Belgian whist or colour whist (
577:
1936:The Penguin book of card games
1650:
1594:
1574:
1558:
1549:
1532:
1523:
916:Three of Arthur Conan Doyle's
830:
613:) â a Belgian game similar to
389:
13:
1:
1975:Whist Counters, Whist Markers
1822:. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
1780:. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
1686:Cambridge Dictionaries Online
1516:
985:Whist figures extensively in
954:The Murders in the Rue Morgue
725:becomes dealer for next hand.
685:(an originally Persian game).
1220:Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa
1046:mentions several times that
198:The Complete Gamester (1674)
53:by the British printing Co.
7:
3352:Tarot and Tarock card games
3343:Non trick-taking card games
1762:. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
1469:
1422:tries to provide advice to
1398:Around the World in 80 Days
1376:
1201:series it is revealed that
505:
10:
3414:
1970:Rules of Card Games: Whist
1917:. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
1901:. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
1885:. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
1840:Parlett (2008), pp. 86â87.
1831:Parlett (2008), pp. 87â88.
1717:. The Whist Markers Museum
1113:In the opening chapter of
1011:Whist is often enjoyed by
787:Other games called 'whist'
393:
308:
175:
120:A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
29:
3318:
3282:
3199:
2923:
2842:
2580:
2453:
2050:
1911:"Progressive Whist Cards"
882:Please help Knowledge to
153:
148:
140:
132:
124:
116:
106:
98:
90:
82:
72:
62:
42:
2424:Twenty-five (Spoil Five)
1715:"Hoyle's scoring method"
1388:(1936) math whiz Elmer (
1275:The Underground Railroad
1120:The Death of Ivan Ilyich
1000:The same is true in the
697:â French variant with a
278:
3383:17th-century card games
2039:Trick-taking card games
1643:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
296:
190:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
30:For the racehorse, see
3398:Four-player card games
3393:French deck card games
1994:Whist, and Short whist
1988:by Edmond Hoyle (1743)
1656:"History of Whist" in
1587:The Evolution of Whist
1345:In Search of Lost Time
1317:
1255:
1227:Harold Bauer: His Book
1225:In his autobiography,
1152:In his autobiography,
982:
961:
940:
815:
679:
617:, but more elaborate).
600:
585:
322:
193:
27:Trick-taking card game
3334:Historical card games
2931:(except where stated)
2058:(except where stated)
1754:"Auction Whist Group"
1335:, Pip plays whist at
1312:
1250:
1091:The Inspector General
1078:Sense and Sensibility
1021:AubreyâMaturin series
978:
957:
930:The Red-Headed League
720:â British variant of
316:
288:Shuffling and dealing
183:
165:is a classic English
1462:Member of Parliament
1460:while threatening a
1019:while at sea in the
884:improve this section
258:Antony and Cleopatra
3088:Officers' Schafkopf
2003:by Cavendish (1889)
1938:. London: Penguin.
1658:Roya, Will (2021).
1304:The Pickwick Papers
1260:Mary Boykin Chesnut
1060:Pride and Prejudice
896:independent sources
852:Literary references
712:Exact bidding group
677:or rang, and alike
659:Classic whist group
523:Auction whist group
39:
3388:English card games
3284:Swiss German packs
2968:Bohemian Schneider
2915:WĂŒrttemberg Tarock
1814:"Court Piece/Rang"
1415:The Young Victoria
1385:All American Chump
1332:Great Expectations
1249:mentions the game:
1039:Gone with the Wind
991:Horatio Hornblower
938:, in a story from
936:Barbey d'Aurevilly
776:Three-handed whist
737:â game related to
587:whist Ă la couleur
512:trick-taking games
323:
263:Cavendish On Whist
194:
37:
3363:
3362:
3176:Wendish Schafkopf
3123:Russian Schnapsen
2932:
2848:
2587:
2460:
2059:
1955:Notes and Queries
1945:978-0-141-03787-5
1698:Notes and Queries
1323:David Copperfield
913:
912:
234:Daines Barrington
186:Marguerite Martyn
160:
159:
94:Tactics, strategy
16:(Redirected from
3405:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3012:German Schafkopf
2928:
2846:
2585:
2458:
2297:Norseman's knock
2055:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2009:
2008:
1959:
1949:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1892:
1886:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1769:
1763:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1711:
1705:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1578:
1572:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1368:August Wilson's
1271:Colson Whitehead
1242:The Secret Agent
1133:Fathers and Sons
1044:Alexandra Ripley
1036:, the sequel to
1006:Bernard Cornwell
945:
908:
905:
899:
864:
863:
856:
818:
684:
673:, also known as
612:
610:
597:
595:
202:Ruff and Honours
47:
40:
36:
21:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3314:
3278:
3195:
2995:Dreierschnapsen
2973:Bohemian Watten
2945:Bauernschnapsen
2930:
2927:
2919:
2860:Bavarian Tarock
2838:
2689:Klaberjass/Bela
2584:
2576:
2457:
2449:
2249:Knock-out whist
2057:
2054:
2046:
2036:
1966:
1946:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1770:
1766:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1655:
1651:
1634:
1633:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1472:
1379:
1299:Charles Dickens
1264:Civil War Diary
1166:The Fiery Cross
1048:Scarlett O'Hara
1025:Patrick O'Brian
1017:Stephen Maturin
950:Edgar Allan Poe
942:Les diaboliques
918:Sherlock Holmes
909:
903:
900:
881:
877:popular culture
865:
861:
854:
833:
789:
770:Knock-out whist
754:
714:
689:Minnesota whist
661:
646:knock-out whist
604:
589:
580:
525:
508:
398:
392:
349:
319:Cumberland Jack
311:
299:
290:
281:
178:
117:Rank (highâlow)
58:
49:A 19th-century
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3411:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2935:
2933:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Tausendundeins
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2729:Officers' Skat
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2614:Bauernheinrich
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2167:Call-ace whist
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2107:
2105:Auction bridge
2102:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1996:by Matthews, T
1990:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1964:External links
1962:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1944:
1932:Parlett, David
1926:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1903:
1895:"Ladder Whist"
1887:
1869:
1867:, p. 247.
1857:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1764:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1706:
1690:
1675:
1668:
1649:
1618:
1606:Dictionary.com
1593:
1573:
1557:
1548:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1445:Peaky Blinders
1440:
1427:
1420:Lord Melbourne
1410:
1393:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1327:
1318:
1295:
1278:
1267:
1256:
1238:
1223:
1210:
1189:
1175:
1171:Diana Gabaldon
1161:
1154:Groucho and Me
1150:
1137:
1124:
1111:
1082:
1066:Mansfield Park
1051:
1028:
1009:
1002:Richard Sharpe
998:
987:C. S. Forester
983:
962:
947:
933:
911:
910:
875:references to
868:
866:
859:
853:
850:
832:
829:
828:
827:
823:
820:
807:call-ace whist
800:
797:aceâten family
788:
785:
784:
783:
773:
767:
761:
753:
750:
749:
748:
745:Romanian whist
742:
732:
726:
713:
710:
709:
708:
702:
699:shortened pack
692:
686:
668:
660:
657:
656:
655:
649:
634:
618:
579:
576:
575:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
540:
536:
524:
521:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
391:
388:
387:
386:
383:drawing trumps
379:
368:
364:
361:
348:
345:
310:
307:
298:
295:
289:
286:
280:
277:
177:
174:
158:
157:
151:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3410:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3366:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:Hindersi-Jass
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Unteransetzen
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Rosbiratschka
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Lusti-Kartl'n
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:Slobberhannes
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Letzter Stich
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Catch the ten
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:(Danish) (20)
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2254:Konter a Matt
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1855:, p. 38.
1854:
1849:
1847:
1837:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1804:, p. 49.
1803:
1798:
1792:, p. 24.
1791:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1741:
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1669:9780762473519
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1637:"Whist"
1631:
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1583:
1582:Pole, William
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1570:0-19-869173-4
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1459:
1458:the Great War
1455:
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1434:
1433:
1432:The Favourite
1428:
1425:
1424:Prince Albert
1421:
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1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1387:
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1371:
1370:Seven Guitars
1367:
1364:
1363:BolesĆaw Prus
1360:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1350:Marcel Proust
1347:
1346:
1341:
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1337:Miss Havisham
1334:
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1247:Joseph Conrad
1244:
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1237:have played."
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1128:Ivan Turgenev
1125:
1122:
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1116:
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1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:Nikolai Gogol
1083:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1023:of novels by
1022:
1018:
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889:
885:
879:
878:
874:
869:This section
867:
858:
857:
849:
846:
843:
840:
836:
824:
821:
817:
813:and the game
812:
808:
804:
801:
798:
794:
793:Catch the ten
791:
790:
781:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
746:
743:
740:
736:
735:Israeli whist
733:
730:
727:
723:
719:
716:
715:
706:
705:Swedish whist
703:
700:
696:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
676:
672:
669:
666:
663:
662:
653:
650:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
631:
630:War and Peace
626:
622:
619:
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603:
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593:
588:
582:
581:
572:
569:
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543:Siberian vint
541:
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400:
399:
397:
384:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:
359:
355:
351:
350:
347:Basic tactics
344:
343:
342:whist markers
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:from Britain.
320:
315:
306:
303:
294:
285:
276:
274:
273:
266:
264:
260:
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182:
173:
171:
168:
164:
156:
152:
149:Related games
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
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68:
65:
61:
56:
52:
46:
41:
33:
32:Whist (horse)
19:
18:Auction Whist
3365:
3355:}}
3349:{{
3346:}}
3340:{{
3337:}}
3331:{{
3300:Schieberjass
3239:Calabresella
2939:Bauernfangen
2925:German packs
2881:Haferltarock
2855:Bauerntarock
2844:German packs
2824:Twenty-eight
2779:SiebenschrÀm
2582:French packs
2542:Six-bid solo
2455:French packs
2438:
2429:Two-ten-jack
2419:Turkish King
2219:German whist
2214:French whist
2052:French packs
2000:
1993:
1985:
1954:
1935:
1925:Bibliography
1914:
1906:
1899:gambiter.com
1898:
1890:
1880:
1872:
1865:Parlett 2008
1860:
1853:Parlett 2008
1836:
1827:
1817:
1809:
1802:Parlett 2008
1797:
1790:Parlett 2008
1785:
1775:
1767:
1757:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1721:11 September
1719:. Retrieved
1709:
1693:
1659:
1652:
1641:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1560:
1551:
1541:
1534:
1525:
1450:Tommy Shelby
1443:
1437:Abigail Hill
1430:
1413:
1403:Phileas Fogg
1396:
1390:Stuart Erwin
1383:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1329:In Dickens'
1321:
1320:In Dickens'
1313:
1311:plays whist:
1309:Mr. Pickwick
1302:
1289:
1285:
1274:
1263:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1231:Harold Bauer
1226:
1213:
1207:Brian Savage
1196:
1178:
1164:
1158:Groucho Marx
1153:
1147:George Eliot
1140:
1131:
1118:
1104:The Carriage
1100:The Overcoat
1089:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1037:
1031:
979:
972:
969:Phileas Fogg
958:
901:
871:may contain
870:
847:
844:
841:
837:
834:
803:Danish whist
764:German whist
628:
578:Boston group
526:
509:
477:Three games.
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
304:
300:
291:
282:
272:whist drives
271:
267:
262:
256:
252:
246:
241:
238:Edmond Hoyle
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
197:
195:
189:
167:trick-taking
162:
161:
133:Playing time
77:Trick-taking
51:whist marker
3310:Kaiserspiel
3264:Truc y Flou
3191:Zehnerlegen
3073:Matzlfangen
3017:German Solo
2604:Bassadewitz
2537:Scharwenzel
2375:SkĂŠrvindsel
2364:Sixty-three
2344:Ristikontra
2292:Ninety-nine
2209:Forty-fives
2194:Court piece
2137:Black Maria
1772:"Bid Whist"
1688:Whist drive
1407:David Niven
1286:Ghost Beach
1282:R. L. Stine
1215:The Leopard
1186:Carl Schurz
1142:Middlemarch
1117:'s novella
1115:Leo Tolstoy
1055:Jane Austen
1013:Jack Aubrey
965:Jules Verne
831:Whist drive
758:Dummy whist
675:court piece
625:Leo Tolstoy
605: [
602:kleurwiezen
590: [
390:Terminology
249:Henry Jones
184:Drawing by
3372:Categories
3161:Trischettn
3042:Kein Stich
2983:Doppelkopf
2898:Mulatschak
2829:Zwanzig ab
2774:Sheepshead
2759:Préférence
2547:SvÀngknack
2527:Marjapussi
2517:Hindersche
2391:Spoil Five
2234:Hucklebuck
2132:Black lady
1915:wopc.co.uk
1700:, p.
1611:20 January
1517:References
1496:Solo whist
1429:In 2018's
1291:Goosebumps
1229:, pianist
1181:Henry Clay
1096:Dead Souls
1004:series by
995:lieutenant
873:irrelevant
811:Solo Whist
780:dummy hand
665:Double sar
652:Solo whist
638:solo whist
615:solo whist
480:Small slam
438:Grand Slam
394:See also:
213:) meaning
200:describes
3254:Tressette
3224:Botifarra
3166:Wallachen
3150:Sixty-six
3134:Schnapsen
3129:Schafkopf
3103:Ramscheln
3093:Quodlibet
3078:Mauscheln
3027:Grasobern
2909:Schnalzen
2903:Perlaggen
2769:Schwimmen
2754:Preferans
2699:Klaverjas
2679:Herzblatt
2674:FĂŒnf dazu
2629:Bierlachs
2609:Bauerchen
2396:StĂœrivolt
2277:Lanterloo
2239:Kachufool
2121:Bid whist
2100:All fours
1882:pagat.com
1819:pagat.com
1777:pagat.com
1759:pagat.com
1339:'s house.
1203:The Shade
1193:DC Comics
1130:âs novel
904:June 2023
888:citations
695:Quadrette
681:troefcall
642:bid whist
627:'s novel
533:Bid whist
471:See Deck.
358:singleton
247:In 1862,
223:attentive
196:Cotton's
170:card game
128:Clockwise
55:De La Rue
3328:Category
3234:Briscola
3156:Sticheln
2978:Bolachen
2951:Bierkopf
2929:32 cards
2871:Brusbart
2847:36 cards
2749:Polignac
2734:Oma Skat
2724:Mistigri
2719:Marjolet
2694:Klammern
2634:Brandeln
2586:32 cards
2567:Viersche
2557:Tarabish
2532:Rutersju
2459:36 cards
2359:Sheng ji
2349:RödskÀgg
2328:Polskpas
2312:Pinochle
2287:Napoleon
2271:KnĂŒffeln
2266:Köpknack
2224:Gong Zhu
2199:Cucumber
2056:52 cards
1934:(2008).
1584:(1895).
1486:Napoleon
1470:See also
1377:In media
1358:The Doll
1179:Life of
1108:The Nose
1106:", and "
1088:'s play
1033:Scarlett
892:reliable
816:Esmakker
506:Variants
188:for the
3296:Chratze
3214:Aluette
3205:Spanish
3201:Italian
3145:Sedmice
3047:Lampeln
3032:Herzeln
2963:Blattla
2957:Binokel
2892:Kratzen
2834:Zwicken
2799:Solo 66
2739:Pilotta
2714:Manille
2704:Letzter
2649:Coinche
2644:Chouine
2624:Bezique
2572:Voormsi
2562:Trekort
2444:Zwikken
2408:Tarneeb
2302:Oh hell
2282:Mizerka
2204:Femkort
2177:Clabber
1877:"Whist"
1501:Tarneeb
1456:during
1418:, when
1401:(1956)
1315:applied
1288:in the
1198:Starman
739:oh hell
729:Oh hell
722:oh hell
565:Tarneeb
553:Skruuvi
450:Honours
425:Finesse
372:finesse
354:longest
309:Scoring
227:wistful
176:History
83:Players
67:England
3249:Julepe
3229:Brisca
3219:Bestia
3171:Watten
3118:Rumpel
3108:Ramsen
3098:Ramsch
3083:Mucken
3068:MariĂĄĆĄ
3057:Lupfen
3037:Herzla
3022:Gilten
3008:(2x24)
3006:Gaigel
3001:Elfern
2985:(2x24)
2959:(2x24)
2886:Jaggln
2865:Bieten
2819:Tuppen
2814:Toepen
2809:Tippen
2744:Piquet
2684:Kaiser
2669:Fipsen
2664:Euchre
2654:ĂcartĂ©
2619:Belote
2599:Baloot
2413:Thunee
2386:Spades
2354:Shelem
2334:Priffe
2314:(2x24)
2229:Hearts
2188:Chlust
2162:Bridge
2157:Bourré
2152:Boston
2147:Bonken
1942:
1666:
1568:
1481:Bridge
1476:Euchre
1454:France
1075:, and
621:Boston
559:Spades
516:McLeod
486:Tenace
474:Rubber
407:Dealer
376:cashed
219:silent
155:Bridge
144:Medium
141:Chance
136:30 min
111:French
91:Skills
63:Origin
3378:Whist
3269:Truco
3207:packs
3140:Sedma
3052:Lorum
2989:Dreeg
2876:Dobbm
2784:Sjavs
2659:Enflé
2639:Bruus
2522:Knack
2492:Bruus
2477:BrÀus
2467:Agram
2439:Whist
2402:Sueca
2381:Smear
2369:Sjavs
2318:Pitch
2307:Pedro
2172:Cinch
2142:Bluke
2126:Bisca
2115:BaĆka
2110:Barbu
2072:3-5-8
2066:3-2-5
1235:might
1218:, by
1174:wife.
826:time.
609:]
594:]
498:Trump
492:Trick
462:Lurch
419:Dummy
279:Rules
215:quiet
207:whist
163:Whist
99:Cards
38:Whist
3292:Jass
3274:Tute
3259:Truc
3244:Gilé
3181:Ulti
3152:(24)
3136:(20)
3125:(24)
3059:(20)
2997:(20)
2991:(24)
2953:(20)
2947:(20)
2941:(20)
2911:(33)
2905:(33)
2894:(33)
2888:(33)
2867:(33)
2789:Skat
2764:Rams
2552:Tapp
2512:Frog
2507:Dapp
2497:Bura
2487:BrĂșs
2482:Brus
2472:BĂȘte
2446:(20)
2434:Vira
2415:(24)
2404:(40)
2398:(48)
2377:(28)
2330:(24)
2323:Phat
2273:(48)
2262:(16)
2256:(24)
2244:King
2190:(20)
2183:Clag
2179:(24)
2128:(40)
2117:(16)
2096:(24)
2094:1001
2090:(24)
2088:1000
2084:(43)
2068:(30)
2043:list
1940:ISBN
1723:2021
1664:ISBN
1613:2015
1566:ISBN
1506:Vint
1491:Skat
1102:", "
1072:Emma
1015:and
894:and
718:Blob
671:Hokm
644:and
571:Vint
547:vint
468:Pack
456:Lead
444:Hand
432:Game
413:Deck
401:Deal
367:ace.
356:. A
297:Play
211:wist
209:(or
125:Play
107:Deck
73:Type
3203:or
2594:304
2339:Put
2260:Kop
2082:500
2077:400
1412:In
1395:In
1382:In
1361:by
1355:In
1342:In
1297:In
1284:'s
1280:In
1273:'s
1269:In
1262:'s
1258:In
1245:by
1212:In
1191:In
1177:In
1163:In
1145:by
1139:In
1084:In
1057:'s
1030:In
989:'s
971:in
890:to
805:or
598:or
3374::
3302:,
3298:,
1913:.
1897:.
1879:.
1845:^
1816:.
1774:.
1756:.
1702:26
1678:^
1640:.
1621:^
1604:.
1511:42
1448:,
1435:,
1348:,
1307:,
1301:'
1195:'
1184:,
1169:,
1156:,
1110:".
1069:,
1042:,
640:,
607:nl
592:fr
514:.
236:.
229:.
221:,
217:,
102:52
3306:)
3294:(
2045:)
2041:(
2031:e
2024:t
2017:v
1948:.
1725:.
1704:.
1672:.
1615:.
1405:(
1372:.
1136:.
1081:.
1027:.
977::
906:)
902:(
898:.
880:.
799:.
633:.
549:.
378:.
86:4
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
