2039:
2571:
3142:
3569:
914:
31:
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1860:
3932:
2800:
1312:
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1198:
1141:
1020:
1795:
1672:
1549:
6015:
525:
1606:
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3626:
2381:
1077:
2563:
1730:
3256:
2438:
1664:
1484:
1541:
3805:
2914:
2153:
1982:
1255:
3085:
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3447:
3028:
2686:
2210:
1133:
3924:
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3683:
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1925:
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1369:
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2446:
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1917:
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1426:
4001:
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2506:
1852:
2096:
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faults are shown in grey. A number of faults characterised by sea floor studies off the west coast of North Island are not shown. The type of volcanic eruption (some are composite) is indicated by basalt shield type eruption (black), scoria cone (red), or phreatomagmatic eruptions tuff ring (red-brown) and maar (purple). Volcanoes from both the
Auckland volcanic field and
656:. The cones are also protected by a 1915 law, the Reserves and Other Lands Disposal and Public Bodies Empowering Act 1915, which was passed due to early concern that the distinctive landscape was being eroded, especially by quarrying. While often ignored until the late 20th century, it has amongst other things minimised severe changes to Mount Roskill proposed by
782:
that destroyed an area of 3 km (0.72 cu mi) by crater formation and base surge impact. This contrasts with the about 0.5 km (0.31 mi) diameter cone produced by the same amount of upwelling magma that might be expected to destroy an area of 0.3 km (0.072 cu mi)
487:
of rocks and the southern volcanoes over post
Miocene sediments. A large proportion of the volcanoes in the field, particularly those with cone structures, lie within 500 metres (1,600 ft) of inferred or known faults, with the qualification that these are inactive historic faults and unlike in
5267:
Hopkins, Jenni L.; Smid, Elaine R.; Eccles, Jennifer D.; Hayes, Josh L.; Hayward, Bruce W.; McGee, Lucy E.; van Wijk, Kasper; Wilson, Thomas M.; Cronin, Shane J.; Leonard, Graham S.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Németh, Karoly; Smith, Ian E. M. (3 July 2021). "Auckland
Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and
777:
Most eruptive events in the field have been small volume, very constrained in time, typically involving less than 0.005 km (0.0012 cu mi) of magma making its way to the surface. However the same amount of magma can have an order of magnitude different impact. An underwater eruption
737:
Since the field is not extinct, new volcanic events may occur at any time, though the usual period between events is, on average, somewhere between hundreds to thousands of years. There has been at least one eruption in every 2,500 years over the last 50,000 years. However, the effects of such an
449:
region. To show well the volcanoes in relation to fault lines you have to click on the map to enlarge and then zoom and pan. This also enables mouse over of the volcano and fault names. Definite active faults are shown in red. Well characterised inactive fault segments are in dark grey and other
287:
flows. With the exception of
Rangitoto, no volcano has erupted more than once, but the other eruptions lasted for various periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. Rangitoto erupted several times and recently twice; in an eruption that occurred about 600 years ago, followed by a second
567:
creates the volcanic field as a way to warm
Mataaho, after his wife leaves and takes his clothing. Because of their close association to Mataaho, the volcanic features can be collectively referred to as Nga Maunga a Mataaho ("The Mountains of Mataaho"), or Ngā Huinga-a-Mataaho ("the gathered
762:. These effects might continue for several months, potentially causing substantial destruction and disruption, ranging from the burial of substantial tracts of residential or commercial property, to the mid-to-long-term closures of major parts of the country's infrastructure such as the
4931:
412:. This may not be quite the case even though at least one steam only driven eruption occurred close to Matukutūreia. The second-longest individual cave in the Auckland field, some 270 metres (890 ft) in total length, is the Cave of a Thousand Press-ups to the east of
633:, and many terraces and other archeological remnants are still visible. Many of the cones have been levelled or strongly altered, in small part due to the historical Māori use, but mostly through relatively recent quarrying of construction materials (especially
783:
if there is no ground water interaction. Modelling has suggested that the next eruption in the volcanic field is likely to be associated with water and in the area extending from the central city to its north and northeast suburbs surrounding and including the
5004:
5055:
358:. The last volcano to erupt was much bigger than all others, with Rangitoto making up 41 per cent of the field's entire volume of erupted material with characteristics as to slope and symmetry around the eruptive vents seen in basaltic
4260:
Needham, A.J.; Lindsay, J.M.; Smith, I.E.M.; Augustinus, P.; Shane, P.A. (April 2011). "Sequential eruption of alkaline and sub-alkaline magmas from a small monogenetic volcano in the
Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand".
5420:
4437:
Rout, D.J.; Cassidy, J.; Locke, C.A.; Smith, I.E. (1993). "Geophysical evidence for temporal and structural relationships within the monogenetic basalt volcanoes of the
Auckland volcanic field, northern New Zealand".
4297:
5068:
794:
Various operative structures, plans and systems have been set up to prepare responses to volcanic activity within the urban areas, mainly coordinated in the
Auckland Volcanic Field Contingency Plan of the
721:/ Auckland, was vested to the collective. The legislation specified that the land be held in trust "for the common benefit of Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau and the other people of Auckland". The
2743:
4478:
Technical Report 6:Geological evaluation
Mclaughins Quarry private plan change request Geological evaluation of outstanding natural feature: Matukutūreia and Matukuturua lava field and tuff ring
5486:
4477:
108:
Location and extent of the
Auckland volcanic field. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcano name/wikilink. Please also see for age and geographical
671:
candidate based on its unique combination of natural and cultural features. At that time, only 2 per cent of more than 800 World Heritage Sites worldwide were in this "mixed" category.
774:. It is possible that several volcanoes could erupt simultaneously. There is strong evidence that eight erupted within a span of 3000 years or so, between 31,000 and 28,000 years ago.
4305:
4063:"High-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of Quaternary basalts from Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand, with implications for eruption rates and paleomagnetic correlations"
819:
likely to precede any volcanic activity. This is likely to give between a few hours and several days' warning of an impending eruption, and its approximate location.
416:. Two impressive depressions caused by lava cave collapses are the Puka Street Grotto and the nearby Hochstetter Pond, also known as Grotto Street Pond, in Onehunga.
4415:
492:
and the resulting fault blocks is complex but like the volcanic field their locations can be postulated to be related to gravitational variations and where the
829:, has an exhibition on the field, including the "Puia Street multi-sensory visitor experience", which simulates a grandstand view of an eruption in Auckland.
5635:
5417:"Probabilistic assessment of future vent locations and eruption styles for the Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand". Magill, Christina R; McAneney, K.J.;
3935:
The Glover Park sports ground at lower right of this photo is situated within the Whakamuhu tuff ring. Over the water in the distance on the right is the
1630:
4197:
Linnell, Tamzin; et al. (2016). "Long-lived shield volcanism within a monogenetic basaltic field: The conundrum of Rangitoto volcano, New Zealand".
4147:"Longevity of a small shield volcano revealed by crypto-tephra studies (Rangitoto volcano, New Zealand): Change in eruptive behavior of a basaltic field"
4061:
Leonard, Graham S.; Calvert, Andrew T.; Hopkins, Jenni L.; Wilson, Colin J. N.; Smid, Elaine R.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Champion, Duane E. (1 September 2017).
1753:
1335:
67:
1507:
4771:
5896:
4484:
362:
as might be expected in a volcano, that may have buried other volcanoes, and now known to have a 1000-year odd eruptive history. The field's other
4510:
3967:
3890:
3829:
3771:
3706:
3649:
3470:
3405:
3108:
3051:
2937:
2880:
2766:
2652:
2595:
2529:
2472:
2404:
2290:
2176:
2062:
2005:
1948:
1696:
1572:
1450:
1392:
1099:
1043:
986:
937:
5615:
4740:
3592:
3222:
2119:
1278:
1221:
1164:
3348:
3165:
2347:
2233:
2823:
5150:
3527:
2709:
1883:
880:
4878:
3291:
2994:
5207:
Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland Volcanic Field: a review of existing data".
4360:"A model for calculating eruptive volumes for monogenetic volcanoes — Implication for the Quaternary Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand"
1818:
729:
organisation established to administer the 14 Tūpuna Maunga. Auckland Council manages the Tūpuna Maunga under the direction of the TMA.
6342:
6327:
6322:
476:
5406:. Homer, Lloyd; Moore, Phil & Kermode, Les; Landscape Publications and the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, 2000.
691:
484:
4843:
1201:
Site of Grafton explosion crater and tuff ring in 2018, completely covered in houses and medical School except for Outhwaite Park
5630:
5835:
4358:
Kereszturi, Gábor; Németh, Károly; Cronin, Shane J.; Agustín-Flores, Javier; Smith, Ian E. M.; Lindsay, Jan (1 October 2013).
6307:
5889:
5351:
5251:
4244:
653:
5455:
6312:
5650:
6347:
5532:, School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland (with interactive maps, requiring Apple
5456:
Facies analysis of pyroclastic deposits within basaltic tuff-rings of the Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand (abstract)
4639:
4423:
497:
5561:
6332:
5473:
5448:
5411:
4848:
4116:
767:
6302:
5882:
5737:
4023:
3686:
The buildings in the middle of the photo are on the site of quarried away Te Puke ō Tara / Otara Hill volcano, 2009
346:
193,200 ± 2,800 years ago. The most recent eruption (about 600 years ago and within historical memory of the local
5815:
4145:
Shane, Phil; Gehrels, Maria; Zawalna-Geer, Aleksandra; Augustinus, Paul; Lindsay, Jan; Chaillou, Isabelle (2013).
6337:
427:
were dry land. All the volcanoes probably erupted on land except for Rangitoto, which erupted during the current
5840:
791:
volcano's but is likely to be perceived by the population affected as a greater potential nuisance if it occurs
6317:
5955:
5800:
5603:
4700:"Magmatic and Tectonic Interactions Revealed by Buried Volcanoes in Te Riu-a-Māui/Zealandia Sedimentary Basins"
4018:
3392:
2038:
630:
464:
109:
6101:
6059:
5160:
4038:
2163:
2049:
513:
488:
many other volcanic fields it is rare for volcanoes to be actually on the fault line. The structure of these
451:
385:
336:
2581:
5961:
4784:
1494:
822:
529:
60:
5511:
5182:
5810:
5790:
5760:
5685:
5640:
4978:
4869:
4033:
413:
240:
667:
In March 2007, New Zealand submitted the volcanic field, with several specifically named features, as a
5727:
4525:
4146:
645:
423:(ice ages) where sea levels were much lower due to water being locked up as ice, and the Waitemata and
256:
5973:
5949:
5437:, Volume 67, Issue 4, April 2005, Pages 331 – 339, DOI 10.1007/s00445-004-0374-6, accessed 2006-07-14.
4359:
4062:
2277:
778:
which is more likely to be explosive resulted in the formation of the 0.7 km (0.43 mi) wide
6280:
6268:
6065:
5820:
5775:
5712:
5063:
3335:
1208:
796:
332:
36:
5529:
4748:
6238:
6230:
5695:
5598:
5498:
4600:
4028:
2981:
509:
501:
500:
which comprises four volcanic fields with intra-plate basaltic volcanism starting in the south, at
489:
4673:
Nemeth, Karoly; Kereszturi, Gabor; Agustín-Flores, Javier; Briggs, Roger Michael (February 2012).
6077:
5943:
5845:
5503:
5433:
3940:
2810:
2570:
1992:
1870:
1805:
1740:
1379:
649:
605:
493:
5785:
674:
For most of Auckland's post-1840 history, the mountains have been administered variously by the
5554:
5155:
5087:"Volcanic risk ranking for Auckland, New Zealand. II: Hazard consequences and risk calculation"
5037:
4964:
3141:
853:
812:
675:
600:
names of volcanic features in the field refer to Mataaho by name, including Te Pane o Mataaho (
220:
5967:
5795:
5086:
4698:
Bischoff, Alan; Barriera, Andrea; Begg, Mac; Nicola, Andrew; Colea, Jim; Sahoo, Tusar (2020).
6124:
5625:
924:
683:
661:
408:
due to their mechanism of formation and a rootless cone was suggested to exist at Wiri being
572:
can be referred to as Nga Tapuwae a Mataoho ("The Sacred Footprints of Mataoho"), including
5750:
5586:
4779:
4447:
4371:
4270:
4206:
4158:
4074:
6225:
3947:. Beyond Ōrākei Basin in the middle distance are several vegetation covered scoria cones.
913:
389:
8:
6130:
5931:
5830:
5593:
5581:
5443:. Searle, Ernest J.; revised by Mayhill, R.D.; Longman Paul, 1981. First published 1964.
3693:
973:
867:
788:
668:
657:
505:
125:
6208:
5805:
5707:
5429:
Volcanic risk ranking for Auckland, New Zealand. I: Methodology and hazard investigation
5126:"Blue‐sky eruptions, do they exist? Implications for monitoring New Zealand's volcanoes"
4451:
4375:
4274:
4210:
4162:
4078:
3514:
3145:
Te Apunga-o-Tainui / McLennan Hills, Painting by G.H. Cooper, 1861, Auckland Art Gallery
601:
556:
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5755:
5295:
5224:
5106:
4895:
4719:
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2459:
698:
419:
For most of the 200,000 years that the field has been erupting, the planet has been in
230:
559:, who used deadly magic from the earth to defeat a war party of patupaiarehe from the
400:
and other lava caves have been discovered, including the 290-metre (950 ft)-long
5991:
5863:
5770:
5645:
5547:
5469:
5444:
5407:
5347:
5299:
5247:
5228:
5110:
4887:
4723:
4699:
4674:
4624:
4459:
4387:
4383:
4282:
4240:
4174:
4170:
4090:
4086:
3944:
3747:
2106:
804:
784:
779:
739:
637:). However many of the remaining volcanoes are now preserved as landmarks and parks.
540:
374:
6154:
4873:
4676:
Field Guide Monogenetic volcanism of the South Auckland and Auckland Volcanic Fields
4511:"New Zealand lava caves worth preserving for their geologic and geomorphic features"
1859:
1322:
597:
573:
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6003:
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4379:
4278:
4214:
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4082:
3931:
3152:
2753:
1798:
Maungauika / North Head (center) and Takarunga / Mount Victoria (left) scoria cones
1559:
771:
763:
679:
604:), Te Tapuwae a Mataoho (Robertson Hill) and Te Kapua Kai o Mataoho (the crater of
468:
381:
324:
5281:
4715:
807:
during an eruption. Auckland also has a seismic monitoring network comprising six
6202:
6190:
6184:
6136:
5925:
5919:
5700:
5620:
5375:
5341:
5220:
4812:
4616:
4601:"Post-Miocene faults in Auckland:insights from borehole and topographic analysis"
4333:
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1030:
826:
424:
6166:
6160:
2799:
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1436:
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in late Pliocene times (2.7-1.8 Ma). Activity has since moved north through the
409:
347:
6172:
6107:
6095:
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5722:
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5690:
5493:
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5125:
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3095:
1935:
1682:
1140:
593:
420:
401:
359:
351:
5102:
1794:
787:. Within New Zealand the volcanic hazard of the field is graded below that of
551:(the god of earthquakes and volcanoes), made as punishment against a tribe of
366:
are relatively small, with most less than 150 metres (490 ft) in height.
6296:
6262:
6214:
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5680:
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3224:
3209:
3180:
3167:
3123:
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3066:
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3009:
2996:
2952:
2939:
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2895:
2882:
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2781:
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2724:
2711:
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2597:
2544:
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2487:
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2419:
2406:
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2349:
2305:
2292:
2248:
2235:
2191:
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2134:
2121:
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2020:
2007:
1963:
1950:
1898:
1885:
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1820:
1768:
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1711:
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939:
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882:
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589:
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405:
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173:
82:
69:
30:
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5997:
5458:". Sharon R. Allen, Vivienne F. Bryner, Ian E. M. Smith, Peter F. Ballance,
3629:
Site of Te Pou Hawaiki is now a three-storey concrete carpark building, 2018
308:
6083:
6047:
6035:
5673:
3954:
3758:
3038:
2867:
2860:
The quarried out cone of Rarotonga / Mt Smart is now Mt Smart Stadium, 2018
1197:
755:
751:
687:
560:
552:
428:
328:
264:
6014:
5874:
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4907:
1548:
1023:
Oblique aerial view of Boggust Park explosion crater from the north, 2018.
738:
event—especially a full-scale eruption—would be substantial, ranging from
496:
passes through this section of the North Island. The field is part of the
6250:
6142:
6089:
5985:
5745:
5404:
Lava and Strata: A guide to the volcanoes and rock formations of Auckland
4929:
2696:
2639:
1609:
Maungarahiri / Little Rangitoto from the north over Benson Rd shops, 2019
1087:
808:
641:
640:
The warmer northern sides of the mountains were also popular among early
581:
524:
471:, about 400 kilometres (250 mi) west of its plate boundary with the
343:
320:
148:
132:
4899:
2220:
1605:
548:
288:
eruption approximately 50 years later. The field is fuelled entirely by
6178:
5007:[Te Tū whakahira me ngā kōrero tuku iho mō ngā Tūpuna Maunga].
3815:
3636:
3625:
2380:
1671:
1076:
816:
743:
577:
442:
393:
296:
193:
158:
136:
5290:
4647:. Geoscience Society of New Zealand Conference (slideshow). Wellington
4331:
2562:
1729:
569:
6274:
6244:
6041:
6029:
5533:
4979:"Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52"
4218:
3278:
3268:
3255:
2437:
1663:
1616:
1540:
1483:
1429:
Rubbish heap replaces quarried away Matanginui / Green Mountain, 2009
759:
747:
397:
363:
300:
276:
198:
142:
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4357:
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3743:
The entire crater and tuff ring of Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta / Three Kings
3084:
2913:
2152:
1981:
1675:
Maungarei / Mount Wellington from the quarried remnants of Te Tauoma
1254:
475:. The volcanoes are located south of a geological region called the
380:
The field has produced voluminous lava flows that cover much of the
5570:
3739:
3446:
3027:
2685:
2209:
1132:
543:
myths describe the creation of the volcanic field as a creation of
446:
404:. There can be an association with lava caves and the formation of
370:
260:
188:
183:
168:
163:
153:
4144:
3943:
and in the left middle is the tuff crater filled in by the sea of
3923:
3862:
3682:
3560:
3438:
2970:
2628:
1924:
1786:
1368:
815:—and three repeaters within the region that will detect the small
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3324:
2445:
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1916:
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564:
544:
480:
455:
203:
178:
5053:
3503:
3198:
2856:
2266:
1425:
710:
373:, is a volcanic explosion crater. A few similar craters such as
4000:
3936:
3751:
Quarrying has removed two of the Tātua-a-Riukiuta / Three Kings
3381:
2505:
1851:
634:
289:
280:
50:
4295:
4259:
4235:
Hayward, Bruce W.; Murdoch, Graeme; Maitland, Gordon (2011).
4115:
Hayward, Bruce W.; Kenny, Jill A.; Grenfell, Hugh R. (2011).
292:
5313:
Searle, E. J. (May 1962). "The volcanoes of Auckland city".
2917:
Site of Styaks Swamp buried beneath buildings and road, 2009
2095:
625:
5539:
4641:
Auckland's buried faults and their influence on its geology
4060:
2450:
713:(also known as the Tāmaki Collective), ownership of the 14
355:
284:
272:
5468:. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, 335 pp.
4930:
Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority (23 June 2016).
4697:
5206:
706:
568:
volcanoes of Mataaho"). Many of the volcanic features of
4332:
New Zealand Department of Conservation (30 March 2007).
4230:
4228:
354:
just east of the city, erupting 0.7 cubic kilometres of
5376:"Mangere Mountain History Formation | Mangere Mountain"
5266:
4234:
4117:"More volcanoes recognised in Auckland Volcanic Field"
547:(the guardian of the earth's secrets) and his brother
4436:
4302:
Te Pῡ Ao Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences
4225:
1544:
Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill from the northwest, 2018
479:, and with the northern volcanoes located over early
110:
relationships to other North Island surface volcanism
4114:
5340:Hayward, Bruce William; Jamieson, Alastair (2019).
4874:"George Graham's Maori Place Names of Auckland"
4783:. Mangere Mountain Education Centre. Archived from
4422:. New Zealand Historic Places Trust. Archived from
4296:Ian E.M. Smith; Sharon R. Allen (26 January 2010).
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
1985:
Mount Robertson / Sturges Park from the north, 2018
5421:International Association for Mathematical Geology
5151:"New recorder boosts earthquake, volcano warnings"
5056:"Contingency Plan for the Auckland Volcanic Field"
4004:Site of quarried away Matukutururu / Wiri Mt, 2018
3572:Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Māngere Mountain from the east
3279:Te Kopua-o-Matakamokamo / Tank Farm / Tuff Crater
2974:Site of quarried away Takaroro / Mt Cambria, 2018
1733:Quarried out site of Maungataketake Volcano, 2018
6294:
4807:
4805:
4598:
4101:
3507:Te Motu-a-Hiaroa / Puketutu Island Volcano, 2918
3450:Crater of Te Kōpuke / Tītīkōpuke / Mount St John
2689:Pukewairiki explosion crater and tuff ring, 2009
917:Albert Park Volcano surrounded by city buildings
811:—including one 250 metres (820 ft) deep at
799:, which provides a framework for interaction of
652:were developed as military installations due to
5339:
4763:
4404:Hayward, Murdoch, Maitland (2011). pp. 134–135.
3866:Waitomokia explosion crater and tuff ring, 2018
2278:Ōwairaka / Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura / Mount Albert
1080:Site of Cemetery Crater beneath houses in 2018.
4958:"The volcanic hills are being destroyed..." –
4868:
4832:
4830:
4440:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4364:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4289:
4263:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4151:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
4067:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
271:in the field have produced a diverse array of
5890:
5555:
5460:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
5315:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
5270:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
5209:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
4925:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4802:
4735:
4733:
4704:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4605:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
4549:Hayward, Murdoch, Maitland (2011). pp. 17–18.
4471:
4469:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4056:
4054:
1315:Kohuora Explosion Crater from northwest, 2009
263:, New Zealand's largest city, located in the
5260:
4879:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
4691:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4121:Geoscience Society of New Zealand Newsletter
3442:Te Kōpuke / Tītīkōpuke / Mount St John, 2009
3385:Onepoto explosion crater and tuff ring, 2009
1552:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and its obelisk
528:Terraces carved by Māori into the slopes of
259:covered by much of the metropolitan area of
5904:
5333:
5131:(Master's thesis). University of Canterbury
5117:
5084:
5067:. Technical Publication 165. Archived from
5054:Beca Carter; Hollings & Ferner (2002).
4827:
4679:. 4th International Maar Conference. MP131B
4631:
4584:Hayward, Murdoch, Maitland (2011). pp. 2–3.
4413:
4253:
4140:
4138:
2441:Pukaki explosion crater and tuff ring, 2018
5897:
5883:
5562:
5548:
5343:Volcanoes of Auckland : a field guide
5246:. Auckland University Press. p. 334.
5078:
4914:
4730:
4659:
4466:
4237:Volcanoes of Auckland: The Essential Guide
4185:
4051:
3808:The site of Te Tauoma / Purchas Hill, 2018
3564:Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Māngere Mountain, 2009
2270:Ōtuataua volcanic cone and lava flow field
5289:
4587:
4518:Geoscience Reports of Shizuoka University
3328:Te Kopua-o-Matokamokamo / Tank Farm, 2009
3267:Te Kopua Kai-a-Hiku / Panmure Basin with
723:Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority
620:(mountains) were occupied by substantial
434:
5441:City of Volcanoes: A geology of Auckland
5431:. Magill, Christina R.; Blong, Russell;
5005:"Tūpuna Maunga significance and history"
4599:Kenny, A; Lindsay, JM; Howe, TM (2012).
4135:
3999:
3930:
3922:
3861:
3803:
3746:
3738:
3681:
3624:
3567:
3559:
3502:
3445:
3437:
3380:
3323:
3262:
3254:
3197:
3140:
3083:
3026:
2969:
2912:
2855:
2798:
2741:
2684:
2632:Pukewīwī / Puketāpapa / Mt Roskill, 2018
2627:
2569:
2561:
2504:
2444:
2436:
2379:
2322:
2265:
2208:
2151:
2094:
2037:
1980:
1923:
1915:
1858:
1850:
1793:
1785:
1728:
1670:
1662:
1604:
1547:
1539:
1482:
1424:
1367:
1310:
1253:
1196:
1139:
1131:
1075:
1018:
912:
725:or Tūpuna Maunga Authority (TMA) is the
523:
303:in the central North Island, such as at
39:in 1859 and published in English in 1864
5241:
5123:
5085:Magill, C.; Blong, R (7 October 2004).
5049:
5047:
5027:
5025:
4844:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4637:
4508:
4483:(Report). pp. 1–23. Archived from
4196:
3874:Whakamuhu / Saint Heliers / Glover Park
563:. In some traditions, the fire goddess
331:(Wiri Mountain) in the south, and from
6295:
5425:, Portsmouth, UK, 7–12 September 2003.
5312:
4862:
4836:
4769:
4475:
4199:Geological Society of America Bulletin
3393:Te Kōpuke / Tītīkōpuke / Mount St John
2574:Sports grounds within Pukekawa volcano
268:
5878:
5543:
4638:Stewart, John R. (26 November 2015).
1790:Maungauika / North Head Volcano, 2018
1258:Hampton Park Volcano from north, 2009
701:settlement between the Crown and the
369:Lake Pupuke, on the North Shore near
5466:Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide
5373:
5244:Volcanoes of Auckland. A Field Guide
5044:
5022:
4327:
4325:
4323:
3927:Whakamuhu / St Heliers Volcano, 2009
3515:Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Māngere Mountain
837:The volcanoes within the field are:
832:
825:, itself built on the crater rim of
682:(or its former bodies including the
644:settlers for housing. In the 1880s,
555:, supernatural beings living in the
4952:
4837:Taonui, Rāwiri (10 February 2015).
3962:80 metres (260 ft) (quarried)
3766:50 metres (160 ft) (quarried)
3644:89 metres (292 ft) (quarried)
3587:95 metres (312 ft) (quarried)
3210:Te Kopua Kai-a-Hiku / Panmure Basin
3103:45 metres (148 ft) (quarried)
3096:Te Apunga-o-Tainui / McLennan Hills
2818:87 metres (285 ft) (quarried)
1487:Matukutureia / McLaughlins Mt, 2018
13:
5636:Skyscrapers and tallest structures
5397:
5031:"When the earth starts to shake".
3824:22 metres (72 ft) (quarried)
3153:Te Hopua-a-Rangi / Gloucester Park
2932:30 metres (98 ft) (quarried)
1667:Maungarei / Mount Wellington, 2018
14:
6359:
5480:
4849:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4320:
4298:"Auckland Volcanic Field Geology"
3694:Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta / Three Kings
1863:Crater of Maungawhau / Mount Eden
703:Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau
6343:Volcanoes of the Auckland Region
6328:Mountains of the Auckland Region
6323:Landforms of the Auckland Region
6013:
5859:
5858:
4993:– via legislation.govt.nz.
4384:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.09.003
4283:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.07.017
4171:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.03.026
4087:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.033
4024:List of volcanoes in New Zealand
3031:Takarunga / Mount Victoria, 2018
2746:Pupuke crater from space in 2006
2566:Pukekawa / Auckland Domain, 2018
519:
516:and Auckland fields since then.
146:
29:
5367:
5306:
5235:
5200:
5175:
5143:
5124:Doherty, Angela Louise (2009).
4997:
4971:
4770:Pegman, David M (August 2007).
4578:
4552:
4543:
4502:
4430:
4407:
4398:
2803:Rangitoto Island on the horizon
1920:Motukorea / Browns Island, 2009
1560:Maungarahiri / Little Rangitoto
388:northward, almost crossing the
384:. One of the longest runs from
5327:10.1080/00288306.1962.10423108
4351:
4019:Geology of the Auckland Region
1936:Mount Robertson / Sturges Park
350:) was of Rangitoto, an island
1:
6251:Pupuke Moana / Pupuke Volcano
5346:. Auckland University Press.
5282:10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102
5161:New Zealand Press Association
4716:10.1080/00288306.2020.1773510
4239:. Auckland University Press.
4044:
4039:South Auckland volcanic field
1855:Maungawhau / Mount Eden, 2018
452:South Auckland volcanic field
16:Volcanic field in New Zealand
6308:Potentially active volcanoes
5962:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
5569:
5516:Auckland War Memorial Museum
5221:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805
5187:Auckland War Memorial Museum
4932:"Integrated Management Plan"
4617:10.1080/00288306.2012.706618
4460:10.1016/0377-0273(93)90032-M
4338:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
3955:Wiri Mountain / Matukutūruru
3088:Taurere / Taylors Hill, 1994
2099:Ohuiarangi / Pigeon Mt, 2009
2050:Ohuiarangi / Pigeon Mountain
1495:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
823:Auckland War Memorial Museum
535:
530:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
483:sedimentary deposits of the
7:
6313:Monogenetic volcanic fields
5530:Geology: Rocks and minerals
4772:"The Volcanoes of Auckland"
4509:Kermode, Les (March 1994).
4414:David Lomas (Winter 2006).
4034:Stratigraphy of New Zealand
4012:
3637:Te Puke ō Tara / Otara Hill
3458:Te Motu-a-Hiaroa / Puketutu
2213:Ōtāhuhu / Mt Richmond, 2018
1136:Crater Hill volcano in 2009
654:fears of a Russian invasion
314:
10:
6364:
6348:Auckland Volcanic Province
4813:"The History of Our Marae"
4334:"Auckland Volcanic Fields"
2982:Takarunga / Mount Victoria
2517:Pukekawa / Auckland Domain
2327:Ōwairaka / Mt Albert, 2009
866:
732:
705:collective of 13 Auckland
692:Department of Conservation
646:Takarunga / Mount Victoria
498:Auckland Volcanic Province
414:Maungakiekie/One Tree Hill
342:The first vent erupted at
35:Map of the field drawn by
6224:
6117:
6022:
6011:
5912:
5854:
5736:
5661:
5577:
5462:, 1996, Vol. 39: 309–327.
5103:10.1007/s00445-004-0375-5
5064:Auckland Regional Council
3701:133 metres (436 ft)
3522:106 metres (348 ft)
3400:126 metres (413 ft)
3271:/ Mount Wellington behind
2761:260 metres (850 ft)
2590:110 metres (360 ft)
2285:135 metres (443 ft)
2000:143 metres (469 ft)
1928:Motukorea / Browns Island
1871:Motukorea / Browns Island
1813:196 metres (643 ft)
1625:135 metres (443 ft)
1502:182 metres (597 ft)
797:Auckland Regional Council
717:(ancestral mountains) of
239:
229:
219:
124:
119:
103:
98:
59:
49:
44:
28:
23:
6333:Volcanism of New Zealand
6102:Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond
5499:Global Volcanism Program
4029:Volcanism in New Zealand
3983:37.007334°S 174.858441°E
3906:36.846911°S 174.867662°E
3885:65 metres (213 ft)
3845:36.976981°S 174.770336°E
3787:36.887138°S 174.847476°E
3759:Te Tauoma / Purchas Hill
3722:36.902926°S 174.754651°E
3665:36.947105°S 174.898363°E
3486:36.965186°S 174.747248°E
3465:65 metres (213 ft)
3421:36.883431°S 174.780196°E
3343:46 metres (151 ft)
3286:46 metres (151 ft)
3217:35 metres (115 ft)
3124:36.929208°S 174.846468°E
3067:36.864223°S 174.869943°E
3046:56 metres (184 ft)
2989:87 metres (285 ft)
2953:36.824444°S 174.801933°E
2925:Takaroro / Mount Cambria
2896:36.936138°S 174.900155°E
2782:36.786742°S 174.860115°E
2725:36.780115°S 174.766184°E
2704:34 metres (112 ft)
2668:36.944078°S 174.865887°E
2647:35 metres (115 ft)
2611:36.912286°S 174.737371°E
2545:36.859158°S 174.775808°E
2524:77 metres (253 ft)
2488:36.983756°S 174.757183°E
2420:36.982998°S 174.810226°E
2399:37 metres (121 ft)
2306:36.890475°S 174.720097°E
2228:64 metres (210 ft)
2192:36.932562°S 174.839451°E
2171:50 metres (160 ft)
2164:Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond
2114:54 metres (177 ft)
2078:36.888846°S 174.903116°E
2057:55 metres (180 ft)
2021:36.877814°S 174.786156°E
1964:36.948477°S 174.841726°E
1943:78 metres (256 ft)
1878:68 metres (223 ft)
1748:50 metres (160 ft)
1712:36.994635°S 174.747548°E
1691:76 metres (249 ft)
1588:36.875407°S 174.809636°E
1567:75 metres (246 ft)
1466:37.013511°S 174.845974°E
1445:73 metres (240 ft)
1408:36.939911°S 174.898267°E
1387:78 metres (256 ft)
1380:Matanginui / Green Mount
1273:37 metres (121 ft)
1216:43 metres (141 ft)
1180:36.858440°S 174.763624°E
1159:82 metres (269 ft)
1115:36.986546°S 174.827135°E
1059:36.989828°S 174.841082°E
1038:33 metres (108 ft)
1002:36.955413°S 174.813552°E
953:37.002754°S 174.867545°E
629:(fortifications) before
611:
490:Auckland regional faults
458:volcanoes are not shown.
55:260 m (850 ft)
6303:Auckland volcanic field
6042:Whakamuhu / Glover Park
5974:Ōwairaka / Mount Albert
5950:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
5944:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
5906:Auckland volcanic field
5504:Smithsonian Institution
5434:Bulletin of Volcanology
5091:Bulletin of Volcanology
4983:New Zealand Legislation
4524:: 15–24. Archived from
3941:Maungauika / North Head
3608:36.88247°S 174.766726°E
3238:36.90495°S 174.849343°E
3160:12 metres (39 ft)
2875:16 metres (52 ft)
2811:Rarotonga / Mount Smart
2467:30 metres (98 ft)
2342:24 metres (79 ft)
2135:36.867124°S 174.81308°E
2042:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
1993:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
1806:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
1769:36.827751°S 174.81205°E
1741:Maungauika / North Head
1646:36.89306°S 174.846556°E
1439:/ McLaughlins Mountain
1330:20 metres (66 ft)
1294:36.97873°S 174.842691°E
1237:36.950925°S 174.89544°E
981:14 metres (46 ft)
932:30 metres (98 ft)
650:Maungauika / North Head
606:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
494:Stokes Magnetic Anomaly
295:, unlike the explosive
253:Auckland volcanic field
24:Auckland Volcanic Field
6338:Geology of New Zealand
5242:Hayward, B.W. (2019).
5156:The New Zealand Herald
5038:The New Zealand Herald
4965:The New Zealand Herald
4005:
3988:-37.007334; 174.858441
3948:
3928:
3911:-36.846911; 174.867662
3867:
3850:-36.976981; 174.770336
3809:
3792:-36.887138; 174.847476
3752:
3744:
3727:-36.902926; 174.754651
3687:
3670:-36.947105; 174.898363
3630:
3573:
3565:
3508:
3491:-36.965186; 174.747248
3451:
3443:
3426:-36.883431; 174.780196
3386:
3364:36.80818°S 174.75085°E
3329:
3272:
3260:
3203:
3181:36.9295°S 174.784734°E
3146:
3129:-36.929208; 174.846468
3089:
3072:-36.864223; 174.869943
3039:Taurere / Taylors Hill
3032:
2975:
2958:-36.824444; 174.801933
2918:
2901:-36.936138; 174.900155
2861:
2839:36.91833°S 174.81250°E
2804:
2787:-36.786742; 174.860115
2758:0.62 (first eruption)
2747:
2730:-36.780115; 174.766184
2690:
2673:-36.944078; 174.865887
2633:
2616:-36.912286; 174.737371
2575:
2567:
2550:-36.859158; 174.775808
2510:
2493:-36.983756; 174.757183
2453:
2442:
2425:-36.982998; 174.810226
2385:
2363:37.01465°S 174.83296°E
2328:
2311:-36.890475; 174.720097
2271:
2249:36.98611°S 174.75417°E
2214:
2197:-36.932562; 174.839451
2157:
2100:
2083:-36.888846; 174.903116
2043:
2026:-36.877814; 174.786156
1986:
1969:-36.948477; 174.841726
1929:
1921:
1864:
1856:
1799:
1791:
1734:
1717:-36.994635; 174.747548
1676:
1668:
1610:
1593:-36.875407; 174.809636
1553:
1545:
1523:36.90000°S 174.78306°E
1488:
1471:-37.013511; 174.845974
1430:
1413:-36.939911; 174.898267
1373:
1351:36.95702°S 174.77763°E
1316:
1259:
1202:
1185:-36.858440; 174.763624
1145:
1137:
1120:-36.986546; 174.827135
1081:
1064:-36.989828; 174.841082
1024:
1007:-36.955413; 174.813552
958:-37.002754; 174.867545
918:
532:
435:Tectonic relationships
319:The field ranges from
6318:Geography of Auckland
5751:Aotea / Great Barrier
5035:, insert magazine in
4962:, insert magazine in
4003:
3934:
3926:
3865:
3807:
3750:
3742:
3685:
3628:
3613:-36.88247; 174.766726
3571:
3563:
3506:
3449:
3441:
3384:
3327:
3266:
3258:
3243:-36.90495; 174.849343
3201:
3144:
3087:
3030:
2973:
2916:
2859:
2802:
2745:
2688:
2631:
2582:Pukewīwī / Puketāpapa
2573:
2565:
2509:Pukeiti volcano, 2009
2508:
2448:
2440:
2384:Puhinui Craters, 2018
2383:
2326:
2269:
2212:
2155:
2140:-36.867124; 174.81308
2098:
2041:
1984:
1927:
1919:
1862:
1854:
1797:
1789:
1774:-36.827751; 174.81205
1732:
1674:
1666:
1651:-36.89306; 174.846556
1608:
1551:
1543:
1486:
1428:
1371:
1314:
1299:-36.97873; 174.842691
1257:
1242:-36.950925; 174.89544
1200:
1143:
1135:
1079:
1022:
916:
846:Age (thousand years)
768:State Highway network
684:Auckland City Council
662:Southwestern Motorway
527:
377:are open to the sea.
275:(explosion craters),
257:monogenetic volcanoes
4780:Manukau City Council
4420:Heritage New Zealand
3543:36.9496°S 174.7831°E
3369:-36.80818; 174.75085
3307:36.8020°S 174.7533°E
3186:-36.9295; 174.784734
3010:36.8266°S 174.7990°E
2844:-36.91833; 174.81250
2368:-37.01465; 174.83296
2254:-36.98611; 174.75417
1899:36.8306°S 174.8948°E
1528:-36.90000; 174.78306
1356:-36.95702; 174.77763
896:36.8486°S 174.7673°E
477:Northland Allochthon
267:. The approximately
6131:Boggust Park Crater
5968:Te Tātua a Riukiuta
5932:Albert Park Volcano
5796:Maungakiekie-Tāmaki
5419:Proceedings of the
5374:Mountain, Māngere.
5268:hazard: a review".
5074:on 15 October 2008.
5041:, 15 February 2008.
4564:The Onehunga Grotto
4490:on 10 February 2024
4476:Cronin, S. (2019).
4452:1993JVGR...57...71R
4376:2013JVGR..266...16K
4275:2011JVGR..201..126N
4211:2016GSAB..128.1160L
4163:2013JVGR..257..174S
4079:2017JVGR..343...60L
3979: /
3902: /
3841: /
3783: /
3718: /
3661: /
3604: /
3539: /
3482: /
3417: /
3360: /
3303: /
3259:Panmure Basin, 2009
3234: /
3177: /
3120: /
3063: /
3006: /
2949: /
2892: /
2835: /
2778: /
2721: /
2664: /
2607: /
2541: /
2484: /
2416: /
2359: /
2302: /
2245: /
2188: /
2131: /
2074: /
2017: /
1960: /
1895: /
1830: /
1765: /
1708: /
1685:/ Elletts Mountain
1642: /
1619:/ Mount Wellington
1584: /
1519: /
1462: /
1404: /
1347: /
1290: /
1233: /
1176: /
1144:Crater Hill volcano
1111: /
1055: /
998: /
974:Boggust Park Crater
949: /
892: /
868:Albert Park Volcano
789:Taupo Volcanic Zone
669:World Heritage Site
658:Transit New Zealand
79: /
5756:Devonport-Takapuna
5489:, Auckland Council
4968:, 15 February 2008
4751:on 1 December 2020
4426:on 20 August 2007.
4308:on 9 February 2013
4205:(7–8): 1160–1172.
4006:
3949:
3929:
3868:
3810:
3753:
3745:
3688:
3631:
3574:
3566:
3548:-36.9496; 174.7831
3509:
3452:
3444:
3387:
3330:
3312:-36.8020; 174.7533
3273:
3261:
3204:
3147:
3090:
3033:
3015:-36.8266; 174.7990
2976:
2919:
2862:
2805:
2748:
2691:
2634:
2576:
2568:
2511:
2454:
2443:
2386:
2329:
2272:
2215:
2158:
2156:Ōrākei Basin, 2018
2101:
2044:
1987:
1930:
1922:
1904:-36.8306; 174.8948
1865:
1857:
1834:36.877°S 174.764°E
1800:
1792:
1735:
1677:
1669:
1611:
1554:
1546:
1489:
1431:
1374:
1317:
1260:
1203:
1146:
1138:
1082:
1025:
919:
901:-36.8486; 174.7673
805:emergency services
754:, and the venting
740:pyroclastic surges
699:Treaty of Waitangi
533:
441:Map of faults and
141:0.193–0.0006
83:36.877°S 174.764°E
45:Highest point
6290:
6289:
6226:Waitematā Harbour
5872:
5871:
5771:Hibiscus and Bays
5738:Local board areas
5353:978-0-582-71784-8
5253:978-1-86940-901-2
5183:"Visit Volcanoes"
4246:978-1-86940-479-6
4010:
4009:
833:List of volcanoes
785:Waitemata Harbour
676:New Zealand Crown
631:Pākehā settlement
445:volcanoes in the
431:(warmer) period.
390:Waitematā Harbour
249:
248:
6355:
6209:Māngere Mountain
6017:
6004:Little Rangitoto
5980:Te Hopua a Rangi
5956:Mount Saint John
5920:Pukekawa Volcano
5913:Central Auckland
5899:
5892:
5885:
5876:
5875:
5862:
5861:
5836:Waitākere Ranges
5806:Ōtara-Papatoetoe
5766:Henderson-Massey
5708:Pōhutukawa Coast
5669:Auckland isthmus
5564:
5557:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5507:
5494:"Auckland field"
5487:Volcanic hazards
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5380:Māngere Mountain
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5276:(2–3): 213–234.
5264:
5258:
5257:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5060:
5051:
5042:
5029:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5009:Auckland Council
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4975:
4969:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4939:Auckland Council
4936:
4927:
4912:
4911:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4834:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4815:. Makaurau Marae
4809:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4790:on 24 March 2012
4789:
4776:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4747:. Archived from
4737:
4728:
4727:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4670:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4596:
4585:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4531:on 3 August 2016
4530:
4515:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4489:
4482:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4416:"Cave New World"
4411:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4329:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4304:. Archived from
4293:
4287:
4286:
4269:(1–4): 126–142.
4257:
4251:
4250:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4219:10.1130/B31392.1
4194:
4183:
4182:
4142:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4112:
4099:
4098:
4058:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2754:Rangitoto Island
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2584:/ Mount Roskill
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:-36.877; 174.764
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
964:
963:
961:
960:
959:
954:
950:
947:
946:
945:
942:
907:
906:
904:
903:
902:
897:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
840:
839:
772:Auckland Airport
764:Port of Auckland
690:Council) or the
680:Auckland Council
602:Māngere Mountain
557:Waitākere Ranges
469:Australian Plate
467:lies within the
425:Manukau Harbours
382:Auckland isthmus
360:shield volcanoes
327:in the north to
325:Rangitoto Island
215:
145:
139:
94:
93:
91:
90:
89:
88:-36.877; 174.764
84:
80:
77:
76:
75:
72:
33:
21:
20:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6228:
6220:
6203:Puketutu Island
6191:Puhinui Craters
6137:Cemetery Crater
6113:
6060:Pigeon Mountain
6018:
6009:
5926:Grafton Volcano
5908:
5903:
5873:
5868:
5850:
5786:Māngere-Ōtāhuhu
5732:
5701:East Coast Bays
5657:
5616:Historic places
5573:
5568:
5520:
5518:
5510:
5492:
5483:
5400:
5398:Further reading
5395:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5372:
5368:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5338:
5334:
5311:
5307:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5240:
5236:
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5118:
5097:(94): 340–349.
5083:
5079:
5071:
5058:
5052:
5045:
5030:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4988:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4957:
4953:
4943:
4941:
4934:
4928:
4915:
4867:
4863:
4853:
4851:
4839:"Tāmaki tribes"
4835:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4811:
4810:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4774:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4696:
4692:
4682:
4680:
4671:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4636:
4632:
4597:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4474:
4467:
4435:
4431:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4356:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4330:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4294:
4290:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4233:
4226:
4195:
4186:
4143:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4113:
4102:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4015:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2335:Puhinui Craters
2310:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1152:Grafton Volcano
1119:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1031:Cemetery Crater
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
992:
989:
987:
985:
984:
957:
955:
951:
948:
943:
940:
938:
936:
935:
900:
898:
894:
891:
886:
883:
881:
879:
878:
835:
735:
719:Tāmaki Makaurau
614:
538:
522:
485:Waitematā Group
465:Auckland region
461:
460:
459:
454:are displayed.
437:
421:glacial periods
396:. More than 50
337:Pigeon Mountain
335:in the west to
317:
214:
213:
212:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
140:
131:
130:
115:
114:
113:
112:
87:
85:
81:
78:
73:
70:
68:
66:
65:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6361:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6278:
6272:
6269:Mount Victoria
6266:
6260:
6254:
6248:
6242:
6235:
6233:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6212:
6206:
6200:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6176:
6173:Maungataketake
6170:
6164:
6158:
6155:Māngere Lagoon
6152:
6146:
6140:
6134:
6128:
6121:
6119:
6118:South Auckland
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6108:Robertson Hill
6105:
6099:
6096:McLennan Hills
6093:
6087:
6081:
6075:
6069:
6063:
6057:
6051:
6045:
6039:
6033:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5938:Te Pou Hawaiki
5935:
5929:
5923:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5902:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5879:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5723:Waiheke Island
5720:
5718:South Auckland
5715:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5693:
5691:Hibiscus Coast
5688:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5609:Volcanic field
5601:
5596:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5527:
5508:
5490:
5482:
5481:External links
5479:
5478:
5477:
5463:
5452:
5438:
5426:
5415:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5366:
5352:
5332:
5321:(2): 193–227.
5305:
5259:
5252:
5234:
5215:(4): 379–401.
5199:
5174:
5142:
5116:
5077:
5043:
5021:
4996:
4970:
4951:
4913:
4870:Simmons, D. R.
4861:
4826:
4801:
4762:
4729:
4690:
4658:
4630:
4611:(4): 323–343.
4586:
4577:
4551:
4542:
4501:
4465:
4446:(1–2): 71–83.
4429:
4406:
4397:
4350:
4319:
4288:
4252:
4245:
4224:
4184:
4134:
4100:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3920:
3918:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3878:Achilles Point
3870:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3736:
3734:
3702:
3699:
3696:
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3679:
3677:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3580:Te Pou Hawaiki
3576:
3575:
3557:
3555:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3435:
3433:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3252:
3250:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3202:Te Hopua, 2018
3195:
3193:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3092:
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3081:
3079:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3022:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2876:
2873:
2870:
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2863:
2853:
2851:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2693:
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2682:
2680:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2578:
2577:
2559:
2557:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2434:
2432:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2377:
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2343:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1913:
1911:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1848:
1846:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1783:
1781:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:Maungataketake
1679:
1678:
1660:
1658:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1537:
1535:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:Māngere Lagoon
1365:
1363:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:Māngere Lagoon
1319:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1129:
1127:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1014:
982:
979:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
933:
930:
927:
921:
920:
910:
908:
876:
873:
870:
864:
863:
860:
857:
850:
847:
844:
834:
831:
734:
731:
613:
610:
598:Māori language
596:. Many of the
594:Robertson Hill
574:Māngere Lagoon
537:
534:
521:
518:
514:South Auckland
440:
439:
438:
436:
433:
406:rootless cones
402:Wiri Lava Cave
352:shield volcano
316:
313:
255:is an area of
247:
246:
243:
237:
236:
233:
227:
226:
225:Volcanic field
223:
217:
216:
209:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
128:
122:
121:
117:
116:
107:
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
96:
95:
63:
57:
56:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6360:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6263:Mount Cambria
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6227:
6223:
6216:
6215:Pukaki Lagoon
6213:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6054:Panmure Basin
6052:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:East Auckland
6021:
6016:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5900:
5895:
5893:
5888:
5886:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5865:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5826:Upper Harbour
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5729:
5728:West Auckland
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5681:East Auckland
5679:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5475:
5474:0-582-71784-1
5471:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5450:
5449:0-582-71784-1
5446:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5412:0-908800-02-9
5409:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5381:
5377:
5370:
5355:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5336:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5301:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5263:
5255:
5249:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5163:. 11 May 2008
5162:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5146:
5127:
5120:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5057:
5050:
5048:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4833:
4831:
4814:
4808:
4806:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4773:
4766:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4694:
4678:
4677:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4643:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4581:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4546:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4401:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4354:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4229:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4139:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3887:
3884:
3882:161.0 ± 36.0
3881:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3818:/ Mt Gabriel
3817:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3019:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Pukaki Lagoon
2390:
2389:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1637:174°50′47.6″E
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1011:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
968:
966:
962:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
915:
911:
909:
905:
877:
874:
871:
869:
865:
861:
858:
855:
851:
848:
845:
842:
841:
838:
830:
828:
824:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:civil defence
798:
792:
790:
786:
781:
780:Ōrākei crater
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:, as well as
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
730:
728:
727:co-governance
724:
720:
716:
715:Tūpuna Maunga
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
627:
623:
619:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:Pukaki Lagoon
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
531:
526:
520:Human context
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:Pacific Plate
470:
466:
457:
453:
448:
444:
432:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:Mt Saint John
383:
378:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
339:in the east.
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
312:
310:
306:
305:Mount Ruapehu
302:
298:
294:
291:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
244:
242:
241:Last eruption
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
222:
221:Mountain type
218:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
144:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
118:
111:
102:
97:
92:
64:
62:
58:
54:
52:
48:
43:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6167:Matukutūruru
6161:Matukutūreia
6084:Styaks Swamp
6066:Hampton Park
6048:Taylors Hill
6036:Purchas Hill
5992:Ōrākei Basin
5905:
5646:Tāmaki Māori
5608:
5599:Demographics
5521:28 September
5519:. Retrieved
5515:
5497:
5465:
5459:
5440:
5432:
5418:
5403:
5383:. Retrieved
5379:
5369:
5357:. Retrieved
5342:
5335:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5273:
5269:
5262:
5243:
5237:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5192:28 September
5190:. Retrieved
5186:
5177:
5165:. Retrieved
5154:
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5119:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5069:the original
5062:
5036:
5033:City of Fire
5032:
5012:. Retrieved
5008:
4999:
4987:. Retrieved
4985:. April 2022
4982:
4973:
4963:
4960:City of Fire
4959:
4954:
4942:. Retrieved
4883:
4877:
4864:
4854:15 September
4852:. Retrieved
4842:
4817:. Retrieved
4792:. Retrieved
4785:the original
4778:
4765:
4755:12 September
4753:. Retrieved
4749:the original
4745:maori.org.nz
4744:
4707:
4703:
4693:
4681:. Retrieved
4675:
4649:. Retrieved
4640:
4633:
4608:
4604:
4580:
4568:. Retrieved
4566:. 9 May 2008
4563:
4554:
4545:
4533:. Retrieved
4526:the original
4521:
4517:
4504:
4492:. Retrieved
4485:the original
4443:
4439:
4432:
4424:the original
4419:
4409:
4400:
4367:
4363:
4353:
4341:. Retrieved
4337:
4310:. Retrieved
4306:the original
4301:
4291:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4236:
4202:
4198:
4154:
4150:
4125:. Retrieved
4120:
4070:
4066:
3945:Ōrākei Basin
3519:59.0 ± 20.0
3283:181.0 ± 2.0
2929:42.3 ± 22.0
2868:Styaks Swamp
2701:193.2 ± 5.6
2587:105.3 ± 6.2
2521:106.0 ± 8.0
2282:119.2 ± 5.6
2111:126.0 ± 6.0
2107:Ōrākei Basin
1745:87.5 ± 15.2
1499:67.0 ± 12.0
1437:Matukutūreia
1213:57.0 ± 32.0
1209:Hampton Park
872:145.0 ± 4.0
836:
821:
809:seismometers
793:
776:
756:volcanic gas
736:
722:
718:
714:
702:
697:In the 2014
696:
688:Manukau City
673:
666:
639:
624:
617:
616:Many of the
615:
561:Hunua Ranges
553:patupaiarehe
541:Tāmaki Māori
539:
462:
429:interglacial
418:
410:Matukutūreia
379:
375:Ōrākei Basin
368:
341:
333:Mount Albert
329:Matukutururu
318:
269:53 volcanoes
265:North Island
252:
250:
231:Type of rock
18:
6231:North Shore
6143:Crater Hill
6090:Pukewairiki
5986:Mount Smart
5746:Albert-Eden
5696:North Shore
5674:City Centre
5662:Major areas
5512:"Volcanoes"
4819:1 September
4710:: 378–401.
4651:12 November
4494:10 February
4157:: 174–183.
3986: /
3974:174°51′30″E
3909: /
3897:174°52′04″E
3848: /
3836:174°46′13″E
3821:20.3 ± 0.2
3790: /
3778:174°50′51″E
3763:10.9 ± 0.2
3725: /
3713:174°45′17″E
3698:31.0 ± 1.8
3668: /
3656:174°53′54″E
3611: /
3599:174°46′00″E
3546: /
3534:174°46′59″E
3489: /
3477:174°44′50″E
3462:29.8 ± 4.4
3424: /
3412:174°46′49″E
3397:75.3 ± 3.4
3367: /
3355:174°45′03″E
3310: /
3298:174°45′12″E
3241: /
3229:174°50′58″E
3214:25.2 ± 1.8
3184: /
3172:174°47′05″E
3127: /
3115:174°50′47″E
3100:41.3 ± 2.4
3070: /
3058:174°52′12″E
3043:30.2 ± 0.2
3013: /
3001:174°47′56″E
2986:34.8 ± 4.0
2956: /
2944:174°48′07″E
2899: /
2887:174°54′01″E
2842: /
2830:174°48′45″E
2815:20.1 ± 0.2
2785: /
2773:174°51′36″E
2728: /
2716:174°45′58″E
2671: /
2659:174°51′57″E
2640:Pukewairiki
2614: /
2602:174°44′15″E
2548: /
2536:174°46′33″E
2491: /
2479:174°45′26″E
2423: /
2411:174°48′37″E
2366: /
2354:174°49′59″E
2309: /
2297:174°43′12″E
2252: /
2240:174°45′15″E
2225:24.2 ± 1.8
2195: /
2183:174°50′22″E
2168:30.2 ± 4.2
2138: /
2126:174°48′47″E
2081: /
2069:174°54′11″E
2054:23.4 ± 0.8
2024: /
2012:174°47′10″E
1997:34.2 ± 1.8
1967: /
1955:174°50′30″E
1940:24.3 ± 0.8
1902: /
1890:174°53′41″E
1875:24.4 ± 0.6
1837: /
1825:174°45′50″E
1810:28.0 ± 0.6
1772: /
1760:174°48′43″E
1715: /
1703:174°44′51″E
1688:88.9 ± 4.8
1649: /
1622:10.0 ± 1.0
1591: /
1579:174°48′35″E
1564:24.6 ± 0.6
1526: /
1514:174°46′59″E
1469: /
1457:174°50′46″E
1442:48.0 ± 3.0
1411: /
1399:174°53′54″E
1384:19.6 ± 6.6
1354: /
1342:174°46′39″E
1297: /
1285:174°50′34″E
1270:33.7 ± 2.4
1240: /
1228:174°53′44″E
1183: /
1171:174°45′49″E
1118: /
1106:174°49′38″E
1092:30.4 ± 0.8
1088:Crater Hill
1062: /
1050:174°50′28″E
1005: /
993:174°48′49″E
956: /
944:174°52′03″E
929:31.8 ± 0.4
899: /
887:174°46′02″E
854:Coordinates
744:earthquakes
582:Crater Hill
321:Lake Pupuke
283:cones, and
133:Pleistocene
126:Age of rock
86: /
74:174°45′50″E
61:Coordinates
37:Hochstetter
6297:Categories
6239:Maungauika
6179:Waitomokia
6078:Green Hill
6072:Ōtara Hill
5998:Puketāpapa
5816:Puketāpapa
5359:30 October
5291:2292/51323
4683:2 November
4535:6 December
4123:(5): 11–16
4045:References
3971:37°00′26″S
3959:30.1–31.0
3894:36°50′49″S
3833:36°58′37″S
3816:Waitomokia
3775:36°53′14″S
3710:36°54′11″S
3653:36°56′50″S
3596:36°52′57″S
3531:36°56′59″S
3474:36°57′55″S
3409:36°53′00″S
3352:36°48′29″S
3295:36°48′07″S
3226:36°54′18″S
3169:36°55′46″S
3112:36°55′45″S
3055:36°51′51″S
2998:36°49′36″S
2941:36°49′28″S
2884:36°56′10″S
2770:36°47′12″S
2713:36°46′48″S
2656:36°56′39″S
2599:36°54′44″S
2533:36°51′33″S
2476:36°59′02″S
2408:36°58′59″S
2351:37°00′53″S
2294:36°53′26″S
2237:36°59′10″S
2180:36°55′57″S
2123:36°52′02″S
2066:36°53′20″S
2009:36°52′40″S
1952:36°56′55″S
1887:36°49′50″S
1822:36°52′37″S
1757:36°49′40″S
1700:36°59′41″S
1634:36°53′35″S
1576:36°52′31″S
1454:37°00′49″S
1396:36°56′24″S
1339:36°57′25″S
1282:36°58′43″S
1225:36°57′03″S
1168:36°51′30″S
1103:36°59′12″S
1047:36°59′23″S
990:36°57′19″S
941:37°00′10″S
884:36°50′55″S
852:Location (
843:Volcanoes
760:lava flows
748:lava bombs
578:Waitomokia
443:Quaternary
398:lava tubes
394:Meola Reef
309:Lake Taupō
297:subduction
277:tuff rings
245:c. 1400 CE
137:Meghalayan
71:36°52′37″S
6275:Tank Farm
6257:Rangitoto
6245:Motukorea
6030:Maungarei
5841:Waitematā
5781:Kaipātiki
5626:Transport
5534:QuickTime
5300:216443777
5229:129707270
5111:140571635
4944:6 October
4908:Q58677091
4892:0067-0464
4886:: 11–39.
4794:6 October
4741:"Mataaho"
4724:221380777
4625:128945408
4560:"Geology"
4392:0377-0273
4370:: 16–33.
4343:5 January
4312:5 January
4179:0377-0273
4095:0377-0273
4073:: 60–74.
3269:Maungarei
2827:36°55′6″S
1617:Maungarei
1511:36°54′0″S
813:Riverhead
770:, or the
752:ash falls
536:Mythology
510:Ngatutura
364:volcanoes
301:volcanism
99:Geography
51:Elevation
6185:Ōtuataua
6125:Ash Hill
5864:Category
5811:Papakura
5791:Manurewa
5761:Franklin
5686:Franklin
5587:Timeline
5571:Auckland
5385:28 April
4904:Wikidata
4900:42906272
4872:(1979).
4570:25 April
4127:19 April
4013:See also
3939:cone of
2339:Undated
2221:Ōtuataua
1035:Undated
925:Ash Hill
875:Unclear
827:Pukekawa
660:for the
549:Rūaumoko
447:Auckland
392:to form
371:Takapuna
315:Features
299:-driven
290:basaltic
261:Auckland
6281:Onepoto
6197:Pukeiti
6149:Kohuora
5831:Waiheke
5641:Suburbs
5631:Schools
5604:Geology
5594:Culture
5582:History
5167:22 July
5014:18 July
4989:18 July
4448:Bibcode
4372:Bibcode
4271:Bibcode
4207:Bibcode
4159:Bibcode
4075:Bibcode
3336:Onepoto
2460:Pukeiti
2449:Pukaki
1266:Kohuora
862:Images
849:Height
817:tremors
733:Dangers
586:Kohuora
570:Māngere
565:Mahuika
545:Mataaho
504:, near
481:Miocene
456:Miocene
210:↓
120:Geology
5821:Rodney
5801:Ōrākei
5776:Howick
5713:Rodney
5621:Region
5472:
5447:
5410:
5350:
5298:
5250:
5227:
5135:7 June
5109:
4906:
4898:
4890:
4722:
4623:
4390:
4243:
4177:
4093:
3937:scoria
3876:– see
3584:28.0+
3340:187.6
2697:Pupuke
1156:106.5
766:, the
678:, the
642:Pākehā
635:scoria
618:maunga
506:Raglan
344:Pupuke
281:scoria
235:Basalt
5651:Marae
5296:S2CID
5225:S2CID
5129:(PDF)
5107:S2CID
5072:(PDF)
5059:(PDF)
4935:(PDF)
4896:JSTOR
4788:(PDF)
4775:(PDF)
4720:S2CID
4645:(PDF)
4621:S2CID
4529:(PDF)
4514:(PDF)
4488:(PDF)
4481:(PDF)
3641:56.5
3157:31.0
2872:19.1
2644:130+
2464:23.7
1327:59.5
978:130+
859:Refs
622:Māori
612:Usage
502:Okete
348:Māori
293:magma
273:maars
6229:and
6217:(44)
6211:(37)
6205:(39)
6199:(41)
6193:(53)
6187:(42)
6181:(40)
6175:(43)
6169:(48)
6163:(47)
6157:(38)
6151:(46)
6145:(45)
6139:(52)
6133:(51)
6127:(49)
6110:(30)
6104:(28)
6098:(29)
6092:(31)
6086:(35)
6080:(34)
6074:(33)
6068:(32)
6062:(36)
6056:(25)
6050:(22)
6044:(21)
6038:(23)
6032:(24)
6006:(19)
6000:(14)
5994:(20)
5988:(26)
5982:(27)
5976:(13)
5970:(15)
5964:(16)
5958:(17)
5952:(18)
5946:(11)
5940:(12)
5928:(50)
5922:(10)
5846:Whau
5523:2017
5470:ISBN
5445:ISBN
5423:2003
5408:ISBN
5387:2019
5361:2022
5348:ISBN
5248:ISBN
5194:2017
5169:2023
5137:2022
5016:2022
4991:2022
4946:2021
4888:ISSN
4856:2016
4821:2021
4796:2021
4757:2021
4685:2022
4653:2022
4572:2013
4537:2011
4496:2024
4388:ISSN
4345:2023
4314:2023
4241:ISBN
4175:ISSN
4129:2013
4091:ISSN
2451:maar
2396:45+
803:and
711:hapū
709:and
686:and
648:and
592:and
463:The
356:lava
323:and
307:and
285:lava
251:The
149:PreꞒ
6283:(3)
6277:(2)
6271:(4)
6265:(5)
6259:(7)
6253:(1)
6247:(8)
6241:(6)
5934:(9)
5323:doi
5286:hdl
5278:doi
5217:doi
5099:doi
4712:doi
4613:doi
4456:doi
4380:doi
4368:266
4279:doi
4267:201
4215:doi
4203:128
4167:doi
4155:257
4083:doi
4071:343
742:to
707:iwi
608:).
135:to
6299::
5536:).
5514:.
5502:.
5496:.
5378:.
5317:.
5294:.
5284:.
5274:64
5272:.
5223:.
5213:54
5211:.
5185:.
5159:.
5153:.
5105:.
5095:67
5093:.
5089:.
5061:.
5046:^
5024:^
4981:.
4937:.
4916:^
4902:.
4894:.
4884:16
4882:.
4876:.
4847:.
4841:.
4829:^
4804:^
4777:.
4743:.
4732:^
4718:.
4708:63
4706:.
4702:.
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