291:. When initially constructed between 1899 and 1902, nothing of its scale had ever been attempted; on completion, it was the largest masonry dam in the world. The dam was designed to provide storage of annual floodwater and augment dry season flows to support greater irrigation development and population growth in the lower Nile. The dam, originally limited in height by conservation concerns, worked as designed, but provided inadequate storage capacity for planned development and was raised twice: between 1907 and 1912 and again between 1929 and 1933. These heightenings still did not meet irrigation demands and in 1946 it was nearly over-topped in an effort to maximize pool elevation. This led to the investigation and construction of the
500:
439:), the dam is 1,950 metres (6,400 ft) in length, with a crest level 36 metres (118 ft) above the original riverbed; the dam provides the main route for traffic between the city and the airport. With the construction of the High Dam upstream, the Old Dam's ability to pass the flood's sediments was lost, as was the serviceability provided by the locks. The previous Old Dam reservoir level was also lowered and now provides control of
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428:. The initial construction was found to be inadequate for development needs, and the height of the dam was raised in two phases: 5 metres (16 ft) between 1907 and 1912 and 9 metres (30 ft) between 1929 and 1933. Generation of electricity was added. The first phase was supervised by Sir Benjamin Baker, but much of the detailed work was undertaken by
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for a combined capacity of 280 megawatts (380,000 hp) and is located west of the dam. Aswan II contains 4 x 67.5 megawatts (90,500 hp) generators for an installed capacity of 270 megawatts (360,000 hp) and is located at the toe of the dam.
528:. Reports of the Technical Commission on Reservoirs with a note by W.E. Garstin, under Secretary of State, Public Works Department. (1894) National Printing Office, Cairo.
357:
engineers were instructed to go ahead with the project even if a different site could not be found. Following their 1882 victory of the Anglo-Egyptian War leading to the
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400:, which were opened yearly to pass the flood and its nutrient-rich sediments, but without retaining any yearly storage. The dam was constructed of rubble
361:, the British began construction of the first dam across the Nile in 1898. Construction lasted until 1902, and it was opened on 10 December 1902, by
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of similar construction on the western bank, which allowed shipping to pass upstream as far as the second cataract, whereas a
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power plants, Aswan I (1960) and Aswan II (1985–1986). Aswan I contains 7 X 40 megawatts (54,000 hp) generators with
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overland was previously required. At the time of its construction, nothing of such scale had ever been attempted.
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granite. When constructed, the Old Aswan Dam was the largest masonry dam in the world. The design also included a
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of the Nile, and is located about 1000 km up-river and 690 km (direct distance) south-southeast of
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699:"The Philae Controversy—Muscular Modernization and Paternalistic Preservation in Aswan and London"
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The earliest recorded attempt to build a dam near Aswan was in the 11th century, when the
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Power from the Assuan Dam to Be Used to
Increase Still Further the Cotton Crop in Egypt
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convinced him of the impracticality of this scheme, and fearing the Caliph's anger, he
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Rashed, Roshdi (2002-08-02), "Portraits of
Science: A Polymath in the 10th Century",
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from 1011 until al-Hakim's death in 1021, during which time he wrote his influential
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History of
Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard
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Initial limitations were imposed on the dam's height, due to concern for the
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Constructing the dam at Aswan was known to result in the flooding of Philae.
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With its final raising (designed and supervised by MacDonald's firm,
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381:, was the main contractor. Capital and financing were furnished by
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Irrigation; its principles and practice as a branch of engineering
538:, Oxford 1904. Discusses 'Assouan' Dam and Nile River development.
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and involved several eminent engineers of the time, including Sir
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Laboratory studies of the stone masonry in the Old Aswan Dam
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866:. Egypt Ministry of Energy and Electricity. Archived from
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For the higher Aswan Dam completed upstream in 1970, see
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Aswan II: 4 x 67.5 MW (90,500 hp) Kaplan-type
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Perennial irrigation and flood protection for Egypt
283:. The dam was built by the British at the former
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396:dam; the buttress sections accommodate numerous
363:Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
925:Buildings and structures in Aswan Governorate
864:"Aswan Dam (1,2) Electric Hydro Power Plant"
250:592 MW (794,000 hp) (Aswan I, II)
536:The Binding of the Nile and the new Soudan
315:in the West) was summoned to Egypt by the
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235:Aswan I: 7 x 40 MW (54,000 hp)
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605:. University of Michigan. Archived from
915:Energy infrastructure completed in 1985
910:Energy infrastructure completed in 1980
905:Energy infrastructure completed in 1960
900:Energy infrastructure completed in 1933
761:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
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627:
887:
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940:Hydroelectric power stations in Egypt
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295:6 kilometres (3.7 mi) upstream.
546:Journal of the Royal African Society
388:The Old Aswan Dam was designed as a
754:Roberts, Chalmers (December 1902),
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960:20th-century architecture in Egypt
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365:. The project was designed by Sir
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837:, Vol. 57, No. 4 (February 1899)
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548:, Vol. 12, No. 46, January, 1913
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210: m (4,300,000 acre⋅ft)
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697:Andersen, Casper (2011-04-19).
451:The Aswan Low Dam supports two
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437:Sir M MacDonald & Partners
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829:Frederic Courtland Penfield,
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555:, Third Edition, London. 1920
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955:1902 establishments in Egypt
715:10.1080/02757206.2011.558580
169:1,950 m (6,400 ft)
7:
853:. Accessed: 4 January 2014.
592:, July 27, 1913, (pdf file)
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851:Murdoch MacDonald obituary
820:1993, Vol. 26, pp. 103–110
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818:Materials and Structures
811:August 26, 2011, at the
703:History and Anthropology
192:tailwater of Lake Nasser
647:10.1126/science.1074591
506:Renewable energy portal
355:Public Works Department
246:Installed capacity
161:36 m (118 ft)
101:Construction began
895:Dams completed in 1902
307:polymath and engineer
849:Grace's Guide (1952)
741:May 13, 2005, at the
603:"The First Aswan Dam"
573:at Wikimedia Commons
321:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
139:Type of dam
85:24.03389°N 32.86583°E
335:. He was kept under
325:flooding of the Nile
220:Commission date
831:Harnessing the Nile
789:Jewish Encyclopedia
756:"Subduing the Nile"
404:and faced with red
379:John Aird & Co.
359:occupation of Egypt
197:Total capacity
81: /
803:V. Novokshshenov,
589:The New York Times
443:for the High Dam.
323:, to regulate the
174:Spillway type
90:24.03389; 32.86583
569:Media related to
430:Murdoch MacDonald
367:William Willcocks
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133:Dam and spillways
109:Opening date
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930:Dams on the Nile
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514:Energy in Egypt
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709:(2): 203–220.
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371:Benjamin Baker
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342:Book of Optics
317:Fatimid Caliph
309:Ibn al-Haytham
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285:first cataract
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262:Old Aswan Dam
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258:Aswan Low Dam
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49:Aswan Low Dam
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46:Official name
44:
40:Aswan Low Dam
37:
32:
29:Aswan Low Dam
27:
19:
950:Masonry dams
945:Gravity dams
872:. Retrieved
868:the original
858:
825:
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780:
770:, retrieved
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611:. Retrieved
607:the original
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587:
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492:Water portal
478:Egypt portal
450:
447:Power plants
434:
423:
387:
352:
349:Construction
340:
337:house arrest
327:. After his
312:
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269:buttress dam
261:
257:
255:
223:Aswan I:1960
207:
23:Dam in Egypt
768:: 2861–2870
532:Sidney Peel
420:Heightening
237:Kaplan-type
125:Operator(s)
88: /
64:Coordinates
889:Categories
772:2009-07-10
736:Egypt bond
560:References
329:field work
311:(known as
299:Background
273:Nile River
178:Floodgates
152:River Nile
76:32°51′57″E
73:24°02′02″N
874:2 January
723:0275-7206
613:2 January
441:tailwater
375:John Aird
184:Reservoir
18:Aswan Dam
809:Archived
739:Archived
671:(1993),
656:12161634
636:(5582),
464:See also
394:buttress
373:and Sir
231:Turbines
148:Impounds
117:Owner(s)
54:Location
791:c. 1906
785:Finance
640:: 773,
630:Science
414:portage
402:masonry
390:gravity
313:Alhazen
271:on the
266:masonry
189:Creates
721:
681:
654:
406:ashlar
166:Length
158:Height
920:Aswan
398:gates
289:Cairo
281:Egypt
277:Aswan
200:5,300
128:Egypt
120:Egypt
58:Egypt
876:2011
719:ISSN
679:ISBN
652:PMID
615:2011
305:Arab
256:The
112:1902
104:1899
711:doi
642:doi
634:297
275:in
260:or
891::
842:^
833:,
816:,
796:^
787:,
764:,
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717:.
707:22
705:.
701:.
650:,
632:,
586:,
544:,
534:,
432:.
385:.
345:.
319:,
279:,
204:10
878:.
766:V
725:.
713::
644::
617:.
392:-
208:^
202:×
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
