236:. The published report provides a genealogy but does not indicated how the information was obtained nor whether it is likely to be reliable. At the time of Askiya Fodi Maÿroumfa (ruled 1798-1805) the Dendi kingdom split into three separate kingdoms with capitals in the above three towns.
406:
after the
Invasion. They were all descendants of Askiya Dawud who had ruled in Gao between 1549 and 1582. The list of Askiyas provides no dates but in a few cases the list specifies the length of their reigns. Most of the Askiyas based in Dendi are not mentioned elsewhere in the
79:, became ruler of the Songhay Empire. He was immediately challenged for the leadership by Muhammad (son of Abi Bakr) who had been one of Sonni Ali's military commanders. In 1493 Muhammad defeated Sonni Baru in battle and in so doing brought an end to the
95:, in contrast, mentions that the title had been used previously. The early use of the title is supported by the discovery of tombstones (stellae) with the Askiya title dating from the 13th century in a cemetery in
485:
The report of the Tilho commission includes a list of rulers of Gao and then of Gaya in the region of Dendi. The early names do not match those in the lists above. The spelling below is as used in the report.
106:
system of succession was used in which power passed to brothers before passing to the next generation. Some of the Askiya rulers had a large number of children creating great competition and sometimes
51:
over the vast
Songhai Empire until its defeat by a Moroccan invasion force in 1591. After the defeat, the dynasty moved south back to its homeland and created several smaller kingdoms in what is today
411:, but for those that are, it is sometimes possible to date their reigns. There were usually succession struggles and some of the reigns were very short. In 1639 Pasha Mesaoud sacked the town of
194:. This is an anonymous biographical dictionary of the Moroccan rulers of Timbuktu written in around 1750. For the earlier entries the text is copied directly from the
994:
is a biographical dictionary of the pashas of
Timbuktu from the Moroccan conquest up to 1750. It also contains a list of the Timbuktu based Ashiyas on pages 289-297.
415:
in Dendi where Askia Ismail was based. The location of Lulami is not known and the chronicle does not specify whether Lulami was a permanent capital. The
89:
gives a 'folk etymology' and explains that the word derives from a
Songhay expression meaning "He shall not be it" used by the sisters of Sunni Ali. The
133:
and gave orders for him to be killed. Sulayman, another brother, then agreed to cooperate with the
Moroccan army and was appointed as a puppet Askia in
202:
also provides some information on the collaborating Askiya rulers based in
Timbuktu. Elias Saad has published a genealogy of the Askiya dynasty.
180:
159:, provide dates for the reigns of the Askiyas from the time of Askiya Muhammad usurping the leadership until the Moroccan conquest in 1591. The
129:. After his defeat, Askiya Ishaq II was deposed by his brother, Askiya Muhammad Gao. The Moroccan military leader, Pasha Mahmud, set a trap for
206:
923:
states that al-Amin ruled for 7 years. The date of 1618 for the death of al-Amin and the succession of Askia Dawud II is mentioned in the
868:
1023:
Tarikh el-fettach ou
Chronique du chercheur, pour servir à l'histoire des villes, des armées et des principaux personnages du Tekrour
884:
1010:
1103:
1029:
862:
216:
to undertake a survey of the people in the occupied territories. In the Denki region the rulers of the small towns of
1064:
1045:
673:
621:
1038:
Arabic medieval inscriptions from the
Republic of Mali : Epigraphy, chronicles and Songhay-Tuareg history
205:
After the conquest of areas of West Africa at the end of the 19th century, the French government commissioned
17:
175:
ends in 1613. Hunwick includes a genealogy of the Askiya dynasty up to this date. The later sections of the
1113:
931:
894:
878:
845:
1003:
Timbuktu and the
Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents
1098:
813:
683:
631:
572:
966:. (Vol. 1 contains the Arabic text, Vol. 2 contains a translation into French). Internet Archive:
1108:
1093:
983:
141:
in Niger. From Dendi Askiya Nuh organised a campaign of resistance against the
Moroccan forces.
228:
claimed descent from the Askiya dynasty of Gao. These town are near the modern border between
857:
Askiya Al-Mukhtar died in 1724 giving a 6-year gap before the appointment of his successor. (
276:
318:
190:
which was published in 1898-1900. Information on the dynasty after 1656 is provided by the
122:
states that Askiya Dawud had 'at least 61 children', of whom more than 30 died as infants.
8:
971:
423:
137:. Yet another brother, Nuh, became Askiya in Dendi, a region south of the modern town of
327:: 1588-1591. Ishaq fled to Dendi after being defeated by the Moroccans, but was deposed.
130:
967:
502:
Askiya El Hadjj Hanga, son of Ismaïla, son of Morobani: -1761 (came from Gao to Dendi)
1060:
1041:
1006:
244:
The names and dates of reigns listed below are those given in the translation of the
155:
91:
403:
282:
256:
185:
83:. Muhammad adopted the title of 'Askiya'. The origin of the word is not known. The
40:
1021:
975:
217:
85:
557:
336:
These are the Askiya rulers appointed by the Moroccans. The dates are from the
324:
126:
52:
36:
1057:
Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and Notables 1400–1900
490:
Askiya Maammarou, son of Kasseï: legendary ruler of the dynasty (based in Gao)
1087:
567:
562:
312:
292:
211:
80:
60:
44:
1026:(in French), Houdas, O., Delafosse, M. ed. and trans., Paris: Ernest Leroux
998:
249:
168:
477:
Askiya Dawud III, son of Muhammad Sorko-ije: in power in c. 1655 when the
302:
225:
103:
429:
266:
138:
107:
76:
125:
At the time of the Moroccan invasion in 1591, the empire was ruled by
72:
781:
779:
523:
Askiya Boumi a.k.a. Askia Kodama Komi, son of Samsou-Béri: 1842-1845
1076:
Documents Scientifiques de la Mission Tilho (1906-1909) (3 volumes)
221:
134:
766:
764:
776:
761:
412:
39:
at the height of that state's power. It was founded in 1493 by
233:
229:
56:
362:
Askiya Muhammad Bankanu, son of Muhammad al-Sadiq: 1635-1642
356:
Askiya Muhammad Bankanu, son of Muhammad al-Sadiq: 1621-1635
167:
provides information on the Askiyas in Timbuktu up to 1656.
340:. The spelling generally follows that used by Elias Saad.
791:
118:
Muhammad had 471 children while Askiya Dawud had 333. The
818:
661:
649:
637:
585:
529:
Askiya Koïzé Babba Baki, son of Fodi Maÿroumfa: 1864-1865
96:
48:
737:
520:
Askiya Bassarou Missi Izé, son of Samsou-Béri: 1823-1842
239:
1020:
Kâti, Mahmoûd Kâti ben el-Hâdj el-Motaouakkel (1913),
725:
713:
701:
689:
609:
597:
514:
Askiya Fodi Maÿroumfa, son of Samsou-Béri: 1798-1805
505:
Askiya Samsou-Béri, son of El Hadjj Hanga: 1761-1779
496:
Askiya Karbachi Binta, son of Daouda (based in Gao)
371:
Askiya Muhammad al-Sadiq, son of Al-Hajj: 1668-1684
179:are available in a translation into French made by
749:
456:Askiya Dawud III, son of Muhammad Sorko-ije: 1639-
365:Askiya Al-Hajj, son of Muhammad Bankanu: 1642-1657
43:, a general of the Songhai Empire who usurped the
964:, Houdas, Octave ed. and trans., Paris: E. Leroux
1085:
508:Askiya Hargani, son of El Hadjj Hanga: 1779-1793
447:Askiya Dawud II, son of Muhammad Bano: 1618-1639
380:Askiya Bakr, son of Muhammad al-Sadiq: 1709-1718
511:Askiya Samsou Keïna, son of Morobani: 1793-1798
277:Askiya Muhammad Bonkana, son of Umar Komadiakha
985:Tedzkiret en-nisiān fi Akhbar molouk es-Soudān
493:Askiya Daouda, son of Maammarou (based in Gao)
1035:
643:
499:Askiya Morobani, son of Daouda (based in Gao)
462:Askiya Mar-Chindin, son of Fari-Mondzo Hammad
459:Askiya Muhammad Borgo, son of Harun Dankataya
331:
959:
927:
890:
874:
841:
743:
450:Askiya Ismail, son of Muhammad Bano: c. 1639
377:Askiya Abd al-Rahman, son of Umar: 1705-1709
402:includes a list of the Askia rulers of the
544:Askiya Igoumou, son of Bassarou: 1901-1905
526:Askiya Koïzé Babba, son of Tomo: 1845-1864
517:Askiya Tomo, son of Samsou-Béri: 1805-1823
393:
383:Askiya Al-Mukhtar, son of Shams: 1718-1724
374:Askiya Muhammad, son of Al-Hajj: 1684-1702
350:Askiya Bakr Kanbu, son of Yaqub: 1608-1619
149:The 17th century Timbuktu chronicles, the
910:states that Askiya Nuh ruled for 7 years.
538:Askiya Doauda, son of Bassarou: 1882-1887
535:Askiya Biyo Birma, son of Tomo: 1868-1882
468:Askiya Muhammad Al-Borko, son of Dawud II
419:makes no mention of Dendi or its rulers.
389:Askiya Mahmud, son of Ammar: 1748- ?
1078:(in French), Paris: Imprimerie Nationale
982:Houdas, Octave (ed. and trans.) (1901),
946:states that Dawud II ruled for 22 years.
474:Askiya Ismail, son of Muhammad Sorko-ije
344:Askiya Sulayman, son of Dawud: 1592-1604
110:. Margin notes in one manuscript of the
66:
997:
797:
731:
719:
707:
695:
667:
655:
615:
603:
591:
444:Askiya al-Amin, son of Dawud: 1611-1618
438:Askiya Muhammad Sorko-ije, son of Dawud
353:Askiya Al-Hajj, son of Kisha: 1619-1621
347:Askiya Harun, son of Al-Hajj: 1604-1608
14:
1086:
981:
858:
824:
755:
532:Askiya Ouankoÿ, son of Tomo: 1865-1868
386:Askiya Al-Hajj, son of Bakr: 1730-1748
1073:
785:
368:Askiya Dawud, son of Harun: 1657-1668
1054:
1019:
809:
770:
679:
627:
541:Askiya Malla, son of Tomo: 1887-1901
441:Askiya Harun Dankataya, son of Dawud
359:Askiya Ali Zalil, son of Kisha: 1635
325:Askiya Ishaq II, son of Askiya Dawud
313:Askiya Al-Hajj, son of Askiya Dawud
240:Askiya dynasty of the Songhai Empire
1040:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
453:Askiya Muhammad, son of Anasa: 1639
75:'s death in 1492, one of his sons,
24:
960:es-Sadi, Abderrahman (1898–1900),
25:
1125:
465:Askiya Nuh II, son of al-Mustafa
321:, son of Askiya Dawud: 1586-1588
1036:Moraes Farias, P.F. de (2003),
936:
913:
900:
851:
830:
803:
471:Askiya Al-Hajj, son of Dawud II
435:Askiya al-Mustafa, son of Dawud
1059:, Cambridge University Press,
293:Askiya Ishaq I, son of Askiya
283:Askiya Isma'il, son of Askiya
171:'s partial translation of the
13:
1:
990:. The anonymous 18th century
988:(in French), Paris: E. Laroux
953:
432:I, son of Dawud: c. 1592-1599
788:, pp. 505-510 Volume 2.
303:Askiya Dawud, son of Askiya
248:from Arabic into English by
7:
1104:Lists of monarchs in Africa
836:Year of death given in the
551:
267:Askiya Musa, son of Askiya
10:
1130:
1032:but requires subscription.
773:, p. 253 Appendix 18.
332:Askiya dynasty in Timbuktu
144:
573:Songhai people (subgroup)
261:Muhammad, son of Abi Bakr
59:and further south in the
578:
47:. The Askiya ruled from
1055:Saad, Elias N. (1983),
928:es-Sadi & 1898-1900
891:es-Sadi & 1898-1900
875:es-Sadi & 1898-1900
842:es-Sadi & 1898-1900
744:es-Sadi & 1898-1900
394:Askiya dynasty of Dendi
163:ends in 1599 while the
1028:. Also available from
548:French conquest: 1901
114:indicates that Askiya
67:Historical background
426:, son of Dawud: 1592
319:Askiya Muhammed Bani
309:: 1549-1582 or -1583
31:, also known as the
1114:History of Timbuktu
992:Tadhkirat al-Nisyan
827:, pp. 289–297.
800:, pp. 336–337.
594:, pp. 100–102.
424:Askiya Muhammad Gao
417:Tadhkirat al-Nisyan
338:Tadhkirat al-Nisyan
200:Tadhkirat al-Nisyan
192:Tadhkirat al-Nisyan
1074:Tilho, J. (1911),
670:, p. 184 n68.
658:, p. 180 n40.
644:Moraes Farias 2003
131:Askia Muhammad Gao
1099:African dynasties
1012:978-90-04-12822-4
1005:, Leiden: Brill,
161:Tarikh al-Fattash
156:Tarikh al-Fattash
120:Tarikh al-fattash
92:Tarikh al-fattash
55:in south-western
16:(Redirected from
1121:
1079:
1069:
1050:
1027:
1015:
999:Hunwick, John O.
989:
965:
962:Tarikh es-Soudan
947:
940:
934:
917:
911:
904:
898:
888:
882:
872:
866:
855:
849:
834:
828:
822:
816:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
774:
768:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
215:
189:
41:Askia Mohammad I
21:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1084:
1083:
1067:
1048:
1013:
956:
951:
950:
944:Tarikh al-Sudan
941:
937:
925:Tarikh al-Sudan
921:Tarikh al-Sudan
918:
914:
908:Tarikh al-Sudan
905:
901:
889:
885:
873:
869:
856:
852:
838:Tarikh al-Sudan
835:
831:
823:
819:
808:
804:
796:
792:
784:
777:
769:
762:
754:
750:
742:
738:
730:
726:
718:
714:
706:
702:
694:
690:
678:
674:
666:
662:
654:
650:
642:
638:
626:
622:
614:
610:
602:
598:
590:
586:
581:
554:
479:Tarikh al-Sudan
409:Tarikh al-Sudan
400:Tarikh al-Sudan
396:
334:
246:Tarikh al-Sudan
242:
209:
196:Tarikh al-Sudan
183:
177:Tarikh al-Sudan
173:Tarikh al-Sudan
165:Tarikh al-Sudan
151:Tarikh al-Sudan
147:
112:Tarikh al-Sudan
86:Tarikh al-Sudan
69:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1109:History of Gao
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:Songhai Empire
1082:
1081:
1071:
1065:
1052:
1046:
1033:
1017:
1011:
995:
979:
955:
952:
949:
948:
935:
912:
899:
883:
867:
850:
829:
817:
802:
790:
775:
760:
748:
736:
734:, p. 364.
724:
722:, p. 203.
712:
710:, p. 201.
700:
698:, p. 198.
688:
672:
660:
648:
636:
620:
618:, p. 103.
608:
606:, p. 335.
596:
583:
582:
580:
577:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
558:Songhai Empire
553:
550:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
483:
482:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
427:
395:
392:
391:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
333:
330:
329:
328:
322:
316:
310:
300:
290:
280:
274:
264:
241:
238:
146:
143:
127:Askia Ishaq II
68:
65:
37:Songhai Empire
29:Askiya dynasty
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1126:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1066:0-521-24603-2
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1047:0-19-726222-8
1043:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
987:
986:
980:
977:
973:
969:
963:
958:
957:
945:
939:
933:
929:
926:
922:
916:
909:
903:
896:
892:
887:
880:
876:
871:
864:
860:
854:
847:
843:
839:
833:
826:
821:
815:
811:
806:
799:
794:
787:
782:
780:
772:
767:
765:
757:
752:
745:
740:
733:
728:
721:
716:
709:
704:
697:
692:
685:
681:
676:
669:
664:
657:
652:
645:
640:
633:
629:
624:
617:
612:
605:
600:
593:
588:
584:
574:
571:
569:
568:Sonni dynasty
566:
564:
563:Dendi Kingdom
561:
559:
556:
555:
549:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
488:
487:
480:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
420:
418:
414:
410:
405:
401:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
342:
341:
339:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
306:
301:
298:
296:
291:
288:
286:
281:
278:
275:
272:
270:
265:
262:
260:
255:
254:
253:
251:
247:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
213:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
187:
182:
181:Octave Houdas
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:
152:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
93:
88:
87:
82:
81:Sonni dynasty
78:
74:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:Sonni dynasty
42:
38:
34:
33:Askia dynasty
30:
19:
18:Askia dynasty
1075:
1056:
1037:
1022:
1002:
991:
984:
961:
943:
938:
924:
920:
915:
907:
902:
886:
870:
853:
837:
832:
820:
805:
798:Hunwick 2003
793:
751:
739:
732:Hunwick 2003
727:
720:Hunwick 2003
715:
708:Hunwick 2003
703:
696:Hunwick 2003
691:
675:
668:Hunwick 2003
663:
656:Hunwick 2003
651:
646:, p. l.
639:
623:
616:Hunwick 2003
611:
604:Hunwick 2003
599:
592:Hunwick 2003
587:
547:
484:
478:
416:
408:
399:
397:
337:
335:
304:
294:
284:
268:
258:
250:John Hunwick
245:
243:
204:
199:
195:
191:
176:
172:
169:John Hunwick
164:
160:
154:
150:
148:
124:
119:
115:
111:
101:
90:
84:
70:
35:, ruled the
32:
28:
26:
974:; Gallica:
877:, pp.
859:Houdas 1901
825:Houdas 1901
756:Houdas 1901
481:was written
315:: 1582-1586
299:: 1539-1549
289:: 1537-1539
279:: 1531-1537
273:: 1529-1531
263:: 1493-1529
210: [
184: [
104:patrilineal
1088:Categories
954:References
930:, p.
893:, p.
861:, p.
844:, p.
812:, p.
786:Tilho 1911
682:, p.
630:, p.
430:Askiya Nuh
207:Jean Tilho
108:fratricide
77:Sonni Baru
810:Kâti 1913
771:Saad 1983
680:Kâti 1913
628:Kâti 1913
73:Sonni Ali
1001:(2003),
976:Volume 2
972:Volume 2
968:Volume 1
552:See also
307:Muhammad
297:Muhammad
287:Muhammad
271:Muhammad
222:Madékali
218:Karimama
153:and the
135:Timbuktu
879:470-473
305:al-hajj
295:al-hajj
285:al-hajj
269:al-hajj
259:al-hajj
257:Askiya
145:Sources
116:al-hajj
53:Songhai
1063:
1044:
1009:
413:Lulami
198:. The
71:After
1030:Aluka
579:Notes
404:Dendi
234:Benin
230:Niger
214:]
188:]
61:Dendi
57:Niger
1061:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1007:ISBN
942:The
919:The
906:The
398:The
232:and
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