Asian black bear - Knowledge

1623: 1401:. Although herbivorous to a greater degree than brown bears, and more carnivorous than American black bears, Asian black bears are not as specialized in their diet as giant pandas are: while giant pandas depend on a constant supply of low calorie, yet abundant foodstuffs, Asian black bears are more opportunistic and have opted for a nutritional boom-or-bust economy. They thus gorge themselves on a variety of seasonal high calorie foods, storing the excess calories as fat, and then hibernate during times of scarcity. Asian black bears will eat pine nuts and acorns of the previous year in the April–May period. In times of scarcity, they enter river valleys to gain access to hazelnuts and insect larvae in rotting logs. From mid-May through late June, they will supplement their diet with green vegetation and fruit. Through July to September, they will climb trees to eat bird cherries, 1583:

the lumbering units belonging to the county). By the early 1990s, the Asian black bear distribution area was reduced to only one-fifth of the area that existed before the 1940s. Isolated bear populations face environmental and genetic stress in these circumstances. However, one of the most important reasons for their decrease involves overhunting, as Asian black bear paws, gall bladders and cubs have great economic value. Asian black bear harvests are maintained at a high level due to the harm they cause to crops, orchards and bee farms. During the 1950s and 1960s, 1,000 Asian black bears were harvested annually in the Heilongjiang Province. However, purchased furs were reduced by 4/5, even by 9/10 yearly in the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Asian black bears have also been declining annually in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Nations Autonomous Prefecture and the Yunnan Province.

595: 1253:. Asian black bears prepare their dens for hibernation in mid-October, and will sleep from November until March. Their dens can either be dug-out hollow trees (60 feet above ground), caves or holes in the ground, hollow logs, or steep, mountainous and sunny slopes. They may also den in abandoned brown bear dens. Asian black bears tend to den at lower elevations and on less steep slopes than brown bears. Female Asian black bears emerge from dens later than do males, and female Asian black bears with cubs emerge later than barren females. Asian black bears tend to be less mobile than brown bears. With sufficient food, Asian black bears can remain in an area of roughly 1–2 km (0.39–0.77 sq mi), and sometimes even as little as 0.5–1 km (0.19–0.39 sq mi). 1816:, commonly known as the Himalayan Black Bear, that 'a wounded one will sometimes show fight, but in general it tries to escape.' This description is not, I think, quite correct. As it would lead one to suppose that this bear is not more savage than any other wild animal—the nature of most of the feræ being to try to escape when wounded, unless they see the hunter who has fired at them, when many will charge at once, and desperately. The Himalayan Black Bear will not only do this almost invariably, but often attacks men without any provocation whatever, and is altogether about the most fierce, vicious, dangerous brute to be met with either in the hills or plains of India. These brutes are totally different in their dispositions to the Brown Bear ( 890: 1266: 781: 1217: 882: 10195: 113: 1274: 2047: 319: 1594:

actually involved in the illegal trade. Some Russian sailors reportedly purchase bear parts from local hunters to sell them to Japanese and Southeast Asian clients. Russia's rapidly growing timber industry has been a serious threat to the Asian black bear's home range for three decades. The cutting of trees containing cavities deprives Asian black bears of their main source of dens, and forces them to den on the ground or in rocks, thus making them more vulnerable to tigers, brown bears and hunters.

183: 1910:, Asian black bears will ignore the flesh and eat the seeds, thus adversely affecting future harvests. Asian black bears can girdle and kill trees by stripping their bark for the sap. This can cause serious economic problems in Asia's valuable timber forests. In the late 1970s, 400–1,200 hectares of land had been affected by Asian black bears bark-stripping Japanese conifers. There is evidence that 70-year-old conifers (commanding the highest market values) may also have been bark-stripped. 10171: 917:), but is lighter and smaller. The lips and nose are larger and more mobile than those of brown bears. The skulls of the Asian black bear is relatively small, but massive, particularly in the lower jaw. Adult males have skulls measuring 311.7 to 328 mm (12.27 to 12.91 in) in length and 199.5–228 mm (7.85–8.98 in) in width, while female skulls are 291.6–315 mm (11.48–12.40 in) long and 163–173 mm (6.4–6.8 in) wide. Compared to other bears of the 695: 1299: 3740: 565: 141: 1282:

weigh 75 grams. Sows generally have their first litter at the age of three years. Pregnant females generally make up 14% of populations. Similar to brown bears, Asian black bears have delayed implantation. Sows usually give birth in caves or hollow trees in winter or early spring after a gestation period of 200–240 days. Cubs weigh 13 ounces at birth, and will begin walking at four days of age, and open their eyes three days later. The skulls of

625: 10159: 656: 1290:. Litters can consist of 1–4 cubs, with 2 being the average. Cubs have a slow growth rate, reaching only 2.5 kg by May. Asian black bear cubs will nurse for 104–130 weeks, and become independent at 24–36 months. There is usually a 2–3 year interval period before females produce subsequent litters. The average lifespan in the wild is 25 years, while the oldest Asian black bear in captivity died at the age of 44. 2002: 1082:

survey result says that most of the areas still has some isolated small bear populations, mainly the Asian black bears. According to the survey, the most evidence found relating to bears were of Asian black bears that included nests, footprints, local sightings, etc. There are many reports on the presence of Asian black bears in the central, north-central, northeastern and southeastern parts of Bangladesh.

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2012, Japanese Ministry of the Environment estimated the population at 15–20,000. Rough density estimates without corroborating methodology or data have been made in India and Pakistan, resulting in the estimates of 7–9,000 in India and 1,000 in Pakistan. Unsubstantiated estimates from China give varying estimates between 15 and 46,000, with a government estimate of 28,000.

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study suggested that American black bears and Asian black bears diverged as sister taxa after the sloth bear lineage and before the sun bear lineage. Further investigations on the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence indicate that the divergence of continental Asian and Japanese black bear populations might have occurred when bears crossed the land bridge between the

726: 1868:. The majority of attacks tend to occur when Asian black bears are encountered suddenly, and in close quarters. Because of this, Asian black bears are generally considered more dangerous than brown bears, which live in more open spaces and are thus less likely to be surprised by approaching humans. They are also likely to attack when protecting food. 1537:

due to lack of witnesses and lack of Wildlife Forensic Labs to detect the originality of confiscated animal parts or products. Moreover, due to India's wide-stretching boundaries with other nations such as Pakistan, Tibet, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, it is difficult to police such borders, which are often in mountainous terrain.

906:(4.3 in) long. Adults measure 70–100 cm (28–39 in) at the shoulder, and 120–190 cm (47–75 in) in length. Adult males weigh 60–200 kg (130–440 lb) with an average weight of about 135 kg (298 lb). Adult females weigh 40–125 kg (88–276 lb), and large ones up to 140 kg (310 lb). 1820:), which, however desperately wounded, will never charge. I believe there is no case on record of a hunter being charged by a Brown Bear; or even of natives, under any circumstances, being attacked by one; whereas every one of your readers who has ever marched in the Himalayas must have come across many victims of the ferocity of 1891:, Asian black bears accounted for 8% of attacks. Livestock predation, overall, was greatest in the summer and autumn periods, which corresponded with a peak in cropping agriculture; livestock are turned out to pasture and forest during the cropping season and, subsequently, are less well-guarded than at other times. 2228:. In the 19th century, its fur was considered of low value. Grease was the only practical use for their carcasses in British India, and bears living near villages were considered ideal, as they were almost invariably fatter than forest-dwelling ones. In the former USSR, the Asian black bear yielded fur, 2155:

would generally hunt Asian black bears in spring or from late autumn to early winter, before they hibernated. In mountain regions, Asian black bears were hunted by driving them upland to a waiting hunter, who would then shoot it. Bear hunting expeditions were preceded by rituals, and could last up to

1856:, the number of Asian black bear attacks on humans has gradually increased from 10 in 1988–89 to 21 in 1991–92. There are no records of predation on humans by Asian black bears in Russia, and no conflicts have been documented in Taiwan. Asian black bear attacks on humans were reported from Junbesi in 1775:

The Himalayan black bear is a savage animal, sometimes attacking without provocation, and inflicting horrible wounds, attacking generally the head and face with their claws, while using their teeth also on a prostrate victim. It is not uncommon to see men who have been terribly mutilated, some having

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Although Asian black bears have been afforded protection in Russia since 1983, illegal poaching, fueled by a growing demand for bear parts in the Asian market, is still a major threat to the Russian population. Many workers of Chinese and Korean origin, supposedly employed in the timber industry, are

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Within Sikhote-Alin, the breeding season of Asian black bears occurs earlier than in brown bears, starting from mid-June to mid-August. Birth also occurs earlier, in mid-January. By October, the uterine horns of pregnant females grow to 15–22 mm (0.59–0.87 in). By late December, the embryos

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province, Asian black bears occur in the counties of Ning An, BaYan, Wu Chang, Tong He, Bao Qing, Fu Yuan, Yi Chun, Tao Shan, Lan Xi, Tie Li, Sun Wu, Ai Hui, De Du, Bei An, and Nen Jiang. This population has a northern boundary of about 50° N and the southern boundary in Feng Cheng is about 40°30" N.

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The Wildlife Trust of Bangladesh conducted an on-field survey of bears in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2010 that included Asian black bears. The survey was done in 87 different places, mostly in the north-central, northeastern and southeastern areas of Bangladesh that had historical presence of bears. The

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Asian black bears are close relatives to American black bears, with which they share a common European ancestor; the two species are thought to have diverged 3,000,000 years ago, though genetic evidence is inconclusive. Both the American and Asian black species are considered sister taxa and are more

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area, Asian black bears are considered animals of the "third category": animals with the most remote relationship to humans and whose activity is restricted outside human settlements. Therefore, when Asian black bears encroach upon human settlements, they are considered ill omens. In this situation,

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Although the poaching of Asian black bears is well known throughout Japan, authorities have done little to remedy the situation. The killing of nuisance bears is practiced year-round, and harvest numbers have been on the increase. Box traps have been widely used since 1970 to capture nuisance bears.

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The main habitat threat to Asian black bears is overcutting of forests, mainly due to human populations increasing to over 430,000 in regions where bears are distributed, in the Shaanxi, Ganshu, and Sichuan provinces. 27 forestry enterprises were built in these areas between 1950 and 1985 (excluding

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Although the Asian black bear is protected in India, due to being listed as vulnerable in the Red Data Book in Appendix I of CITES in India and in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act and its 1991 amendment, it has been difficult to prosecute those accused of poaching Asian black bears

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observed a fight between a tiger and the largest Asian black bear he had ever seen. The bear managed to chase off the tiger, despite having half its nose and scalp torn off. He twice saw Asian black bears carry off tiger kills when the latter was absent. Asian black bears are usually safe from tiger

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mammals. In the Ussuri territory in the Russian Far East, Asian black bears can spend up to 15% of their time in trees. Asian black bears break branches and twigs to place under themselves when feeding on trees, thus causing many trees in their home ranges to have nest-like structures on their tops.

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gave birth to three cubs. Now, there are 56 Asian black bears living in the wild of Jirisan. If the Korea National Park Service releases three cubs born in natural adaptation training centers at September this year, the number of Asian black bears living in the wild will increase to 59. As a result,

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of all bears, and can walk upright for over 400 m (0.25 mi). The heel pads on the forefeet are larger than those of most other bear species. Their claws, which are primarily used for climbing and digging, are slightly longer on the fore foot at 30–45 mm (1.2–1.8 in) than the back

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received dozens of Asian black bear victims annually. When Asian black bears attack humans, they rear up on their hind legs and knock victims over with their front paws. Then they bite them on an arm or leg and snap on the victim's head, this being the most dangerous part of the attack. Asian black

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Vietnamese black bear populations have declined rapidly due to the pressures of human population growth and unstable settlement. Vietnamese forests have been shrinking: of the 87,000 km (34,000 sq mi) of natural forests, about 1,000 km (390 sq mi) disappear every year.

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have been responsible for unintentional bear trappings. Timber harvesting has largely stopped being a major threat to Taiwan's Asian black bear population, though a new policy concerning the transfer of ownership of hill land from the government to private interests has the potential to affect some

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Asian black bears have a wide range of vocalizations, including grunts, whines, roars, slurping sounds (sometimes made when feeding) and "an appalling row" when wounded, alarmed or angry. They emit loud hisses when issuing warnings or threats, and scream when fighting. When approaching other bears,

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by its longer, thicker fur and smaller, whiter chest mark. During the summer, Himalayan black bears occur in warmer areas in Nepal, China, Siberia, and Tibet at elevations of 3,000–3,600 m (9,800–11,800 ft). For winter, they descend as low as 1,500 m (4,900 ft). On average, they

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The book also describes a second method of black bear hunting involving the beating of small patches of forest, when the bears march out in single file. However, black bears were rarely hunted for sport, because of the poor quality of their fur and the ease by which they could be shot in trees, or

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In the past, the farmers of the Himalayan lowlands feared Asian black bears more than any other pest, and would erect platforms in the fields, where watchmen would be posted at night and would beat drums to frighten off any interlopers. However, some Asian black bears would grow accustomed to the

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to continue legally. As reported in 2009, approximately 1,374 Asian black bears reside in an estimated 74 bear farms, where they are kept for slaughter to fuel the demands of traditional Asian medicine. In sharp contrast, fewer than 20 Asian black bears can be found at Jirisan Restoration Center,

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There is no definitive estimate as to the number of Asian black bears: Japan posed estimates of 8–14,000 bears living on Honshū, though the reliability of this is now doubted. Although their reliability is unclear, rangewide estimates of 5–6,000 bears have been presented by Russian biologists. In

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Black bears here afford no sport; it is not shooting at all, it is merely potting a black thing in a tree... I can assure the reader that if he has a fondness for stalking, he will despise bear-killing, and will never shoot at them if there is a chance of anything else. If a man were to hunt for

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Tigers occasionally attack and consume Asian black bears. Russian hunters found their remains in tiger scats, and Asian black bear carcasses showing evidence of tiger predation. To escape tigers, Asian black bears rush up a tree and wait for the tiger to leave, though some tigers will pretend to

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The famed British sportsman known as the "Old Shekarry" wrote of how an Asian black bear he shot in India probably weighed no less than 363 kg (800 lb) based on how many people it took to lift its body. The largest Asian black bear on record allegedly weighed 200 kg (440 lb).

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study undertaken on Asian black bears suggested that the species arose after the American black bears, while a second study could not statistically resolve the branching order of sloth bears and the two black species, suggesting that these three species underwent a rapid radiation event. A third

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Five Asian black bear populations, occurring in Kyushu, Shikoku, West-Chugoku, East-Chugoku and Kii areas, were listed as endangered by the Environmental Agency in the Japanese Red Data Book in 1991. Small isolated populations in the Tanzawa and Shimokita areas of mainland Honshū were listed as

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A small subspecies weighing 60–120 kg (130–260 lb) for the adult male and 40–100 kg (88–220 lb) for the adult female. The average body length is 1.1–1.4 m (3 ft 7 in – 4 ft 7 in). It lacks the thick neck fur of other subspecies, and has a darker

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near human habitations. They will walk in a procession of largest to smallest. They are good climbers of rocks and trees, and will climb to feed, rest, sun, elude enemies and hibernate. Some older bears may become too heavy to climb. Half of their life is spent in trees and they are one of the

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and Khungari rivers, and comes to the shore of the Amur, crossing it at the level of the mouth of the Gorin River. Along the Amur river, the species' presence has been noted as far as 51° N. Lat. From there, the territorial boundary runs southwest of the river's left bank, passing through the

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Asian black bears occur as an infrequent species in the Red Data Book of Russia, thus falling under special protection and hunting is prohibited. There is currently a strong movement to legalize the hunting of Russian black bears, which is supported by most of the local scientific community.

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The Asian black bear has black fur, a light brown muzzle, and a distinct whitish or creamy patch on the chest, which is sometimes V-shaped. Its ears are bell shaped, proportionately longer than those of other bears, and stick out sideways from the head. Its tail is short, around 11 cm

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In the remoter areas of Japan, Asian black bears can be serious crop predators: the bears feed on cultivated bamboo shoots in spring, on plums, watermelons and corn in the summer, and on persimmons, sweet potatoes and rice in the autumn. Japanese black bears are estimated to damage 3,000

2103:, prohibited the practice altogether, while others developed rituals in order to placate the spirits of killed bears. In some Japanese hunting communities, Asian black bears lacking the white chest mark are considered sacred. In the Akita Prefecture, bears lacking the mark were known by 2215:

are permitted to hunt Asian black bears, though they believe that doing so will curse the hunters involved: Rukai people believe that hunting Asian black bears can result in disease. Children are forbidden from eating bear meat, which is itself not permitted to be taken within homes.

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the restoration of the target of 50 Asian black bears, or the minimum remaining population, will be achieved two years earlier. It was a goal by 2020. Their next goal is to expand and improve the habitat and to increase the genetic diversity of the Asian black bears in Mt. Jiri.

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requires much more care than is expended in approaching brown bear on the open hills above, the senses of sight and hearing being more strongly developed in the black than in the brown species. Many of these forests are very dense, so that it requires the eye of an experienced

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is in demand, as it supposedly cures various diseases, treats the accumulation of blood below the skin, and counters toxic effects. Products also include bone 'glue' and fat, both used in traditional medicine and consumed as a tonic. Asian black bear meat is also edible.

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foot at 18–36 mm (0.71–1.42 in), and are larger and more hooked than those of the American black bear. On average, adult Asian black bears are slightly smaller than American black bears, though large males can exceed the size of several other bear species.

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Although easy to track and shoot, Asian black bears were known by British sportsmen to be extremely dangerous when injured. Brigadier General R.G. Burton wrote of how many sportsmen had been killed by Asian black bears after failing to make direct hits.

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measure 1.4–1.6 m (4 ft 7 in – 5 ft 3 in) from nose to tail and weigh from 90–120 kg (200–260 lb), though they may weigh as much as 181 kg (399 lb) in the fall when they are fattening up for hibernation.

1134:. Korean National Park Service announced on April 15, 2018, that eight mother bears gave birth to 11 cubs. Six mother bears living in the wild gave birth to eight cubs. Two mothers that were being taken care by the nature adaptation training center in 2189:

of Taiwan consider Asian black bears to be almost human in their behaviors, and thus unjust killing of bears is equated with murder and will cause misfortunes such as disease, death, or crop failure. The Bunun people call Asian black bears

1671:). Asian black bears feature very little in lowland Japanese folklore, but are prominent in upland Japan, a fact thought to reflect the bear's greater economic value in upland areas. According to the local folklore in Kituarahara-gun in 1405:, vines and grapes. On rare occasions they will eat dead fish during the spawning season, though this constitutes a much lesser portion of their diet than in brown bears. In the 1970s, Asian black bears were reported to kill and eat 2910:

Endo, H., Taru, H., Yamamoto, M., Arishima, K., & Sasaki, M. (2003). Comparative morphology of the muscles of mastication in the giant panda and the Asiatic black bear. Annals of Anatomy. Anatomischer Anzeiger 185 (#3):

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Nine people were killed by Asian black bears in Japan between 1979 and 1989. In September 2009, an Asian black bear attacked a group of 9 tourists, seriously injuring four of them at a bus station in the built-up area of

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and sweet foods. Keeping captive Asian black bears is popular in China, especially due to the belief that milking the bear's gall bladder leads to quick prosperity. Asian black bears are also popular as pets in Vietnam.

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bears, with certain scientists arguing that it is likely that all other lineages of ursine bear stem from this species. Scientists have proposed that Asian black bears are either a surviving, albeit modified, form of

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It is estimated that the number of shot bears will decrease in time, due to the decline of old traditional hunters and the increase of a younger generation less inclined to hunt. Logging is also considered a threat.

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Zoo-kept specimens can weigh up to 225 kg (496 lb). Although their senses are more acute than those of brown bears, their eyesight is poor, and their hearing range is moderate, the upper limit being 30

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is low and short, even in old specimens, and does not exceed more than 19–20% of the total length of the skull, unlike in the brown bear, which has a sagittal crest comprising up to 41% of the skull's length.

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The Asian black bear is listed as a protected animal in China's National Protection Wildlife Law, which stipulates that anyone hunting or catching bears without permits will be subject to severe punishment.

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The rifle in Cashmere: a narrative of shooting expeditions in Ladak, Cashmere, Punjaub, etc., with advice on travelling, shooting, and stalking: to which are added notes on army reform and Indian politics

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Today, Asian black bears are only legally hunted for sport in Japan and Russia. In Russia, 75–100 Asian black bears are legally harvested annually, though 500 a year are reportedly harvested illegally.

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The Asiatic black bears are the comedians of the performing bears. They appear to appreciate applause and will intentionally move into their prescribed position late to attain laughter and attention. —

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As of January 30, 1989, Taiwan's Formosan black bears have been listed as an endangered species under the Natural and Cultural Heritage Act on, and was later listed as a Conserved Species Category I.

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in physical confrontations in heavily vegetated areas, while leopards are uppermost in open areas, though the outcome of such encounters is largely dependent on the size of the individual animals.

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No. 329 and it is considered an extinction crisis. At the present time, the Endangered Species Restoration Center of Korea National Park Service is going through species restoration business.

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The Vietnamese government issued Decision 276/QD, 276/1989, which prohibits the hunting and exporting of Asian black bears. The Red Book of Vietnam lists Vietnamese black bears as endangered.

1208:. Typically they are found in rugged areas at elevations of 1,000–3,500 metres (3,300–11,500 ft). The estimated number of individuals in these regions number some 200 to 600 bears. 4333: 3917: 2149:

communities believed that killing an Asian black bear in the mountains would result in a bad storm, which was linked to the belief that bear spirits could affect weather. The

3198: 2730: 1089:, the population is very small. Conservationists fear that the species will soon be extinct in the country if necessary steps to protect it are not taken in the near future. 4094: 3983: 2535:

G. F. Baryshnikov and D. S. Zakharov. 2013. Early Pliocene Bear Ursus thibetanus (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Priozernoe Locality in the Dniester Basin (Moldova Republic).

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while picking bamboo shoots, and in August a female safari park worker in Gunma prefecture was killed when an Asian black bear climbed into her car and attacked her.

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Villalba de Alvarado, Mónica; Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Collado Giraldo, Hipólito; van der Made, Jan; Gómez-Olivencia, Asier (February 1, 2024).

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in Japan, which prohibited the killing of animals, the Japanese compromised by devising different strategies in hunting bears. Some, such as the inhabitants of the

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lowland habitat, particularly in the eastern part of the nation. The building of new cross island highways through bear habitat is also potentially threatening.

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they produce "tut tut" sounds, thought to be produced by bears snapping their tongue against the roof of their mouth. When courting, they emit clucking sounds.

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province, Asian black bears occur mainly in the counties of Hunchun, Dun Hua, Wangqing, An Tu, Chang Bai, Fu Song, Jiao He, Hua Dian, Pan Shi, and Shu Lan. In

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Although usually shy and cautious animals, Asian black bears are more aggressive towards humans than the brown bears of Eurasia and American black bears.

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endangered in 1995. Beyond recognizing these populations as endangered, there is still a lack of efficient conservation methods for Japanese black bears.

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to detect the dark forms of the bears while searching for chestnuts on the ground without the advancing party being detected by the vigilant animals.

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province, there are about 100 Asian black bears, which only inhabit the five counties of Xin Bin, Huan Ren, Ben Xi, Kuan Dian, and Fen Cheng. Within

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nothing else but bears, and kill a hundred in his six months' leave, he would not have enjoyed such real sport as he would, had he killed ten buck

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Sangay, T.; Vernes, K. (2008). "Human-wildlife conflict in the Kingdom of Bhutan: Patterns of livestock predation by large mammalian carnivores".

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In India, attacks on humans have been increasing yearly, and have occurred largely in the northwestern and western Himalayan region. In the

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in direct encounters. They eat the fruit dropped by Asian black bears from trees, as they themselves are too large and cumbersome to climb.

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closely related to each other than to the other species of bear. The earliest known specimens of Asian black bears are known from the Early

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crossing it at the sources of the Samarga River. At this point, the boundary directs itself to the north, through the middle course of the

3774: 1249:. They may hibernate in their colder, northern ranges, though some bears will simply move to lower elevations. Nearly all pregnant sows 2137:, and give up hunting from that time on. Similar beliefs were held in Nagano, where the completely black Asian black bears were termed 1925:

Along with sun bears, Asian black bears are the most typically used species in areas where bears are used either in performances or as

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In Korea, most of the Asian black bears live in the broad-leaved forest of the alpine region, more than 1,500 meters north of

845:, was thought to have been the offspring of an escaped female Asian black bear and a male American black bear, and Scherren's 10260: 10056: 4299: 4050: 3660: 3631: 3450: 3028: 2441: 10017: 1667:), a loving mother, and a child. Being a largely solitary creature, the Asian black bear is also viewed as "lonely person" ( 3068:"Pleistocene Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus Cuvier, 1823) in the Iberian Peninsula: new evidence and a complete review" 1516:

attacks once they reach five years of age. One fatal attack of a tiger on a juvenile Asian black bear has been recorded in

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2016 saw several attacks by Asian black bears in Japan. In May and June four people were killed by Asian black bears in

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Biologically and morphologically, Asian black bears represent the beginning of the arboreal specializations attained by

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Although mostly herbivorous, the jaw structure of Asian black bears is not as specialized for plant eating as that of

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leave, and wait for the bear to descend. Tigers prey foremost on young bears. Some are very tenacious when attacked:

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harvest, as it is believed that the killing of an Asian black bear will cause the millet crop to burn black. In the

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Livestock killed by Asian black bears in Himachal Pradesh, India increased from 29 in 1988–1989 to 45 in 1992–1993.

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Asian black bears will prey on livestock if their natural food is in poor supply. They have been known to attack

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on how Asian black bears were no more dangerous than other animals in India, a reader responded with a letter to

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watershed of eastern Cambodia. An Asian black bear/brown bear hybrid, taken from a bile farm, is housed at the

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Asian black bears are reproductively compatible with several other bear species, and have on occasion produced

4320: 3936: 889: 10235: 8292: 2670: 2460: 1841:. In November 2009, in the Kulgam district of Indian-administered Kashmir, an Asian black bear attacked four 10225: 10220: 3824: 1030:

is patchy, and it is absent in much of east-central China. Other population clusters exist in the southern

3171: 10051: 9913: 9908: 8283: 5486: 3870: 754: 2785: 2628: 10149: 9886: 9748: 9404: 3072: 7770: 3718: 3067: 2343: 10250: 6609: 1793: 1517: 2354:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 713–733. 2295: 9667: 9562: 8301: 6591: 6319: 6286: 6262: 6083: 5335: 4164:

Human casualties and livestock depredation by black and brown bears in the Indian Himalaya, 1989–98

3729:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 95–202. 943: 4116:

The Intellectual observer: review of natural history, microscopic research, and recreative science

3510: 182: 10265: 9329: 8310: 8041: 7734: 7669: 7051: 6627: 6100: 5622: 4353: 3047:"Detailed Physiology Notes" with literature reports for the Asiatic black bear – Ursus thibetanus 2923: 2709: 894: 870: 587: 403: 10108: 3918:"Status of Asiatic black bears in protected areas of Nepal and the effects of political turmoil" 2352:

Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II Part 1a, Sirenia and Carnivora (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears)

1641:

In Japanese culture, the Asian black bear is traditionally associated with the mountain spirit (

10004: 9848: 9553: 9305: 9118: 8994: 8606: 8588: 8416: 8110: 8101: 7743: 6481: 5273: 4166:, N.P.S. Chauhan, Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001, India 1857: 1086: 600: 3771: 3648: 3567:

Ecology of the Asiatic black bear and people-bear interactions in Yushan National Park, Taiwan

3437:

Schaller, G. B.; Qitao, T.; Johnson, K. G.; Xiaoming, W.; Heming, S. & Jinchu, H. (1989).

3018: 2977: 1586:

Poaching for gall bladders and skin are the main threats faced by Asian black bears in India.

1151:

In Siberia, the Asian black bear's northern range runs from Innokenti Bay on the coast of the

608:

A small subspecies with relatively short, coarse hair, often reddish-brown rather than black.

10103: 9730: 8985: 8967: 8958: 8949: 8434: 8425: 7797: 6567: 6558: 6549: 6498: 6436: 6418: 6409: 6346: 6295: 6133: 6124: 4561: 3439:"The Feeding Ecology of Giant Pandas and Asiatic Black Bears in the Tangjiahe Reserve, China" 2096: 1265: 1197: 1139: 1131: 780: 648: 277: 10095: 7752: 7648: 3478: 1606:

Hunting pressures have also increased with a coinciding decline of environmental awareness.

1204:. These populations' individuals and numbers can be found south to Tawushan Reserve through 10129: 10030: 9934: 9895: 9571: 9472: 9431: 9145: 8656: 8384: 7710: 6775: 6525: 6516: 6472: 6427: 6050: 5556: 5291: 5117: 4137: 4090: 3866: 3847: 3081: 2671:

Middle Pleistocene Ursus thibetanus (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Kudaro Caves in the Caucasus

2648: 1469: 1205: 1201: 661: 435: 3871:

The living animals of the world; a popular natural history with one thousand illustrations

3297: 2174:

itself is often used in Japanese folklore to describe the slaying of monsters and demons.

1216: 881: 8: 9900: 9811: 9757: 9529: 8976: 8862: 8844: 8689: 8538: 8443: 7693: 7639: 7388: 7130: 7121: 6385: 5658: 5640: 5495: 5344: 4847: 3604: 3407: 3065: 1410: 1193: 1185: 1164: 962: 630: 570: 399: 130: 6881: 4220: 4141: 3085: 965:. An Asian black bear with broken hind legs can still climb effectively. It is the most 9626: 8853: 8375: 8065: 7788: 7761: 7024: 6766: 6618: 5721: 5613: 5513: 5453: 4838: 4774: 4451: 4346: 4288: 4264: 4237: 3940: 3533: 3373: 3252: 3105: 2753: 2554:"Genetic Structure of the Asiatic Black Bear in Japan Using Mitochondrial DNA Analysis" 2430: 1764: 1672: 1085:

Although Asian black bears still occur in different parts of Bangladesh, mainly in the

991: 686: 419: 331: 177: 145: 4005: 2689: 2272: 1597:

In Taiwan, Asian black bears are not actively pursued, though steel traps set out for

10090: 9921: 9505: 9422: 9202: 8698: 8665: 7589: 7096: 6818: 6600: 6454: 6328: 6212: 5565: 5395: 5353: 5300: 5080: 5062: 4820: 4295: 4269: 4236:

Feng, Y.; Siu, K.; Wang, N.; Ng, K.-M.; Tsao, S.-W.; Nagamatsu, T.; Tong, Y. (2009).

3805: 3656: 3627: 3587: 3482: 3446: 3109: 3097: 3024: 2891: 2575: 2520: 2496: 2437: 2207:

the community can either destroy the trespassing bears or settle somewhere else. The

2100: 1520:. One Siberian tiger was reported to have lured an Asian black bear by imitating its 1473: 787: 517: 4328: 3944: 3884: 3580:

Asiatic black bear, Selenarctos thibetanus Cuvier 1823, Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae

3093: 2834: 2757: 1273: 9926: 9784: 9617: 8895: 8325: 7615: 7147: 6337: 6236: 6020: 6011: 5595: 5386: 5377: 5171: 5162: 4720: 4259: 4249: 4145: 3932: 3751: 3525: 3456: 3244: 3089: 2745: 2565: 2290: 1872: 1853: 1838: 1468:

in the southern part of the Russian Far East. Asian black bears seem to intimidate

1452:

The dentition of an Asian black bear (below), compared with that of a tiger (above)

1417:

with some regularity, including domestic livestock. Wild ungulate prey can include

1066: 1031: 995: 961:, and relatively weak hind legs which are shorter than those in the brown bear and 842: 834: 802: 617: 522: 475:. From an evolutionary perspective, Asian black bears are the least changed of the 407: 112: 3436: 2046: 857:'s "Las Delicias" Zoo, a female Asian black bear shared its enclosure with a male 849:

published in 1907 mentioned a successful mating between an Asian black bear and a

10194: 10077: 9802: 9793: 9721: 9676: 9338: 9288: 9279: 9154: 9100: 9044: 8913: 8886: 8779: 8597: 8556: 8521: 8266: 7329: 7042: 7009: 7000: 6507: 6245: 5694: 5144: 5071: 5029: 4765: 4570: 4504: 4481: 4149: 3854: 3831: 3778: 3758: 3284: 3178: 3053: 2999: 2963: 2934: 2792: 2716: 2696: 2677: 2475: 2162:

would pray for the bear's soul. Asian black bear hunts in Japan are often termed

1849: 1776:

the scalp torn from the head, and many sportsmen have been killed by these bears.

1686: 1503:

are potential predators of bear cubs as well. Asian black bears usually dominate

1246: 1097:

Three subspecies of the Asian black bear occur in China: the Tibetan subspecies (

947: 858: 10121: 10043: 3359:"Denning ecology of brown bears and Asiatic black bears in the Russian Far East" 1860:, Nepal in 2005, and occurred in villages as well as in the surrounding forest. 1675:, the Asian black bear received its white mark after being given a silk-wrapped 861:, and produced several hybrid descendants. In 2005, a possible Asian black bear– 525:

and Japan 500,000 years ago, which is consistent with paleontological evidence.

318: 10187: 10175: 10163: 9775: 9694: 9496: 9243: 9136: 9109: 8162: 7779: 7379: 7243: 6926: 6463: 6445: 6376: 5987: 5978: 5580: 5541: 4495: 4407: 2025: 1865: 1744:

An Asian black bear, shot after charging the "Old Shekarry", as illustrated in

1728: 1406: 1027: 1019: 987: 939: 927: 822: 557: 487: 482: 293: 254: 4039:

Burton, R. G. (1931). A Book of Man Eaters. Hutchinson & Co. Ltd., London.

1409:

in Nepal. They appear to be more carnivorous than most other bears, including

121: 10209: 10025: 9871: 9739: 9635: 9608: 9234: 8932: 8877: 8399: 8343: 8084: 7725: 7180: 6742: 5907: 5874: 5676: 5667: 5604: 5504: 5462: 5314: 4907: 3825:

ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Ecological Heritage and Sacred Sites of India

3101: 2812: 2281: 2212: 2178: 2061: 2017: 2006: 1500: 1492: 1437: 1430: 1354: 1338: 1169: 922: 508:

of Moldova. The earliest American black bear fossils, which were located in

492: 464: 427: 423: 150: 70: 9965: 6364: 6176: 3727:

Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)

3692:"Himalayan bear killed by tiger: Is it effect of climate change on habitat?" 3230:"Historical and Present Status of the Asiatic Black Bear in Northeast China" 2570: 2553: 10170: 9766: 9712: 9413: 9181: 9127: 8904: 8803: 8358: 8334: 8153: 8144: 7964: 7931: 7854: 7815: 7225: 7207: 7069: 6941: 6400: 5801: 5764: 5649: 5631: 5044: 4990: 4916: 4594: 4338: 4273: 4055: 2579: 2224:

Asian black bears have been hunted for their body parts in China since the

2208: 2186: 2182: 1962: 1698: 1643: 1504: 1318: 1172:. Asian black bears are encountered in the Urmi's lower course. Within the 1156: 1152: 1135: 1118: 866: 694: 513: 4254: 2680:. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, Vol. 314, No. 1, pp. 67–79. 10199: 10082: 9986: 9880: 9380: 8571: 8488: 8461: 8210: 8124: 8056: 7982: 7973: 7940: 7898: 7863: 7580: 7473: 7305: 6845: 6757: 6665: 6310: 5883: 5703: 5368: 5282: 5265: 5242: 5205: 5089: 5053: 4898: 4687: 4542: 4421: 3978: 3802:

Natural Enemies: People-Wildlife conflicts in Anthropological Perspective

2630:

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Mammalia Volume 2

1723: 1690: 1521: 1512: 1370: 1298: 1250: 1173: 1039: 1035: 1003: 935: 472: 45: 3609:

Wanderings of a naturalist in India: the western Himalayas, and Cashmere

2749: 2710:"Historical Review on the Spectacled Bear Captive Breeding in Venezuela" 2432:

Search for the golden moon bear: science and adventure in Southeast Asia

1632:, woodblock print by Torii Kiyomasu I, c. 1700, Honolulu Academy of Arts 564: 9978: 9589: 8835: 8766: 8753: 8720: 8506: 8244: 8004: 7552: 7529: 7415: 7406: 7355: 7320: 7296: 7060: 6959: 6908: 6854: 6836: 6809: 6716: 6666: 6065: 6038: 5966: 5949: 5712: 5685: 5531: 5435: 5419: 5255: 5135: 4975: 4811: 4678: 4470: 4438: 4422: 4238:"Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection" 3537: 3377: 3256: 2979:

Wild sports of the world: a boy's book of natural history and adventure

2952: 1978: 1974: 1903: 1752: 1746:

Wild Sports of the World: A Boy's Book of Natural History and Adventure

1694: 1484: 1465: 1457: 1225: 1160: 954: 910: 850: 452: 90: 55: 9991: 9947: 9520: 9455: 9068: 9008: 8794: 8615: 8230: 8222: 8171: 8021: 7907: 7889: 7603: 7437: 7270: 7112: 7078: 6890: 6582: 5856: 5326: 4802: 4370: 3332: 2992: 2552:

Yasukochi Y, Nishida S, Han S, Kurosaki T, Yoneda M, Koike H (2009).

2237: 2225: 1991: 1768: 1610: 1598: 1571: 1433: 1402: 1346: 1229: 1176:, the species is restricted to broad-leaved Manchurian-type forests. 1011: 854: 704: 667: 624: 476: 460: 391: 234: 194: 95: 9842: 3529: 3248: 1693:(also known as Jambavan or Jamvanta) is believed to have lived from 946:

is also much smaller in Asian black bears. The lateral slips of the

411: 10158: 9952: 9865: 9217: 8680: 8497: 8473: 7834: 7684: 7630: 7566: 7561: 7514: 7446: 7364: 7234: 6983: 6974: 6872: 6827: 6707: 6540: 6277: 6186: 6155: 6115: 6002: 5934: 5842: 5833: 5153: 4949: 4702: 4585: 4552: 4401: 4389: 4171:

October 9, 2022, at Ghost Archive. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-09-26.

3889: 2092: 1899: 1829: 1757: 1703: 1461: 1414: 1322: 1287: 1234: 1110: 1023: 1007: 862: 814: 750: 505: 456: 431: 387: 214: 85: 80: 65: 60: 50: 1168:

northern part of Lake Bolon and the juncture point of the Kur and

9599: 9446: 9320: 9035: 8547: 7877: 7343: 6899: 6863: 6730: 6698: 6682: 6195: 5898: 5477: 4958: 4865: 4783: 4711: 4653: 4630: 4523: 2065: 1970: 1966: 1907: 1833: 1767:

theorizes that this greater aggression is an adaptation to being

1740: 1627: 1575: 1488: 1418: 1394: 1330: 1307: 1283: 1051: 1015: 966: 742: 655: 415: 383: 100: 75: 3356: 2001: 9939: 9703: 9650: 9395: 9083: 8817: 7537: 7198: 7033: 6790: 6227: 4999: 4925: 4874: 4856: 4829: 4750: 4612: 4395: 4383: 3915: 3869:, Selous, F. C., Johnston, H. H., Maxwell, H., (eds.) (1902). 2957:: Its significance in the folklore and upland hunting in Japan. 2199: 2105: 1950: 1930: 1914: 1888: 1716: 1676: 1390: 1314: 1311: 1286:

Asian black bear cubs bear great resemblance to those of adult

1059: 1055: 1047: 806: 746: 224: 204: 957:, the Asian black bear has a powerful upper body for climbing 792:

southern Siberia, northeastern China and the Korean peninsula

578:

This subspecies lacks the thick neck fur of other subspecies.

10116: 9685: 9544: 9487: 9360: 9163: 9020: 8647: 8629: 8252: 7922: 7171: 7156: 5817: 5108: 4603: 3716: 3056:. Wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 2461:

Aspects of evolution and adaptation in American black bears (

1958: 1808:

Mr Sterndale, in the course of his interesting papers on the

1480: 1426: 1422: 1398: 1386: 1378: 1374: 1366: 1362: 1350: 1342: 1326: 1184:

In Taiwan, the endemic subspecies of Asiatic Black Bear, the

1114: 1043: 918: 898: 772: 738: 734: 468: 167: 161: 1566: 9059: 7955: 7280: 7216: 4889: 4621: 4479: 4051:"Warning after four people killed in bear attacks in Japan" 2551: 2341: 2229: 1954: 1845:

after discovering them in its den, and killed two of them.

1756:

A trio of captive Asian black bears around their keeper in

1712: 1708: 1496: 1491:

are known to prey on bear cubs younger than two years old.

1448: 1382: 1358: 1239: 999: 958: 395: 380: 244: 3192:"Baseline Survey Report of Bears in Bangladesh. 2008–2010" 2728: 2270: 2129:. If such a bear was shot, the huntsman would offer it to 1771:

with tigers. According to Brigadier General R. G. Burton:

490:(Upper Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene) or a larger form of 10182: 7189: 6798: 5126: 3937:

10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[101:SOABBI]2.0.CO;2

3508: 2233: 1926: 1792:

In response to a chapter on Asian black bears written by

1554:

The Korean Government designated the Asian black bear as

1334: 975: 926:, the projections of the skull are weakly developed; the 3723:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

3676:

Perry, R. (1964). "Chapter Eleven: Jungle Contacts-II".

2348:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

2236:

of greater quality than those of the brown bear. Today,

2121:(black-chested), and were also considered messengers of 1443: 3357:

Seryodkin, I. V.; Goodrich, J. M.; et al. (2003).

1837:

bear attacks have been increasing in Kashmir since the

1456:

The Asian black bear's range overlaps with that of the

725: 3873:. Volume 1: Mammals. Dodd, Mead and Company, New York. 3445:. Ithaca: Comstock Pub. Associates. pp. 212–241. 2169: 2163: 2157: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2131: 2123: 2116: 2110: 1917:, either killing them outright, or eating them alive. 1878: 1680: 1662: 1656: 1649: 1245:

Asian black bears do not hibernate over most of their

516:, greatly resemble the Asian black species. The first 10147: 3655:. Edinburgh: Russian Nature Press. pp. 101–118. 3611:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. pp. 208–247. 763:

by its short, thin coat with little to no underwool.

8020: 5416: 3694:. Kuenselonline.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 2009. 3586:, Issue 6 of Flora & Fauna handbook, CRC Press, 2411:

Servheen, C., Herrero, S., & Peyton, B. (1999).

1647:) and is characterized variously as "mountain man" ( 909:

The Asian black bear is similar in general build to

885:

The white V-shaped chest mark of an Asian black bear

3848:

Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon

3772:

Vietnamese urge Koreans not to travel for bear bile

3020:

The Great and Small Game of India, Burma, and Tibet

2729:Galbreath GJ, Hunt M, Clements T, Waits LP (2008). 2039:

The Great and Small Game of India, Burma, and Tibet

2014:

The Great and Small Game of India, Burma, and Tibet

1798:

Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon

1306:Asian black bears are omnivorous, and will feed on 4287: 3834:. Ecoheritage.cpreec.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 3477:Gursky-Doyen, S., & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2007). 2879: 2636: 2429: 1609:South Korea remains one of two countries to allow 4235: 3016: 2413:Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2024:Black bear stalking in the forests bordering the 1238:Asian black bears will rest for short periods in 10207: 5816: 4083:"Japan safari park worker killed in bear attack" 3770:Kim Mi Young, Green Korea United, (2009-10-28), 3739:Cultural Heritage Administration, (1982.11.20), 3276:Korea National Park Service Report, (2018-4-17), 2016:, regarding the hunting of Asian black bears in 986:The Asian black bear once ranged as far west as 3916:Stubblefield, C. H. & Shrestha, M. (2007). 2296:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22824A166528664.en 1920: 1828:At the turn of the 20th century, a hospital in 1479:Asian black bears are occasionally attacked by 950:are thicker and stronger in Asian black bears. 486:, specifically the early, small variety of the 2642: 2486: 2484: 2427: 2337: 2335: 2333: 1902:annually. When feeding on large crops such as 1685:, which left the mark after being removed. In 1260: 6680: 4521: 4354: 4218: 3023:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 361–. 3012: 3010: 3008: 2975: 2885: 2786:Hybrid Asiatic black bear/brown bear ("Emma") 2490: 2478:Bears: Their biology and management: 221–231. 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 1636: 386:native to Asia that is largely adapted to an 4368: 4127: 3842: 3840: 3799: 3227: 3223: 3221: 3219: 2804: 2731:"An apparent hybrid wild bear from Cambodia" 2005:An Asian black bear hunt, as illustrated by 1617: 463:nearly identical to those of the five other 446: 4334:Asiatic Black Bear Conservation Action Plan 4214: 4212: 4210: 2795:. Animalsasia.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 2537:Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 2481: 1985: 1722:Asian black bears are briefly mentioned in 1440:, which they kill by breaking their necks. 981: 4541: 4361: 4347: 4035: 4033: 4031: 3974:"Bear mauls nine at Takayama bus terminal" 3443:Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution 3352: 3350: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3005: 2699:. Messybeast.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 2495:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 446. 2455: 2453: 2310: 2271:Garshelis, D. & Steinmetz, R. (2020). 1614:located in Korea's Jirisan National Park. 1242:on trees standing fifteen feet or higher. 317: 139: 111: 8764: 5253: 4436: 4263: 4253: 4242:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4194: 4192: 3837: 3717:Heptner, V. G.; Sludskij, A. A. (1992) . 3646: 3509:Neas, J. F. & R. S. Hoffmann (1987). 3216: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3042: 3040: 3002:. Greatbear.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 2919: 2917: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2569: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2294: 1038:. A small remnant population survives in 7110: 4207: 3596: 3578:Humphrey, S. R. and Bain, J. R. (1990). 3569:. Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota. 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2798: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2045: 2000: 1751: 1739: 1621: 1565: 1447: 1297: 1272: 1264: 1215: 888: 880: 500:with those of modern Asian black bears. 6184: 4947: 4468: 4225:. London: Smith, Elder. pp. 73–74. 4048: 4028: 3882: 3481:Springer Science & Business Media. 3408:"Ursus thibetanus (Asiatic black bear)" 3347: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2450: 2342:Heptner, V. G.; Naumov, N. P. (1992) . 2156:two weeks. After killing the bear, the 1211: 938:: Asian black bears have much narrower 805:, two further subspecies ranged across 635:Honshū and Shikoku. Extinct on Kyushu. 14: 10208: 9277: 7513: 4189: 4174: 4063:from the original on December 10, 2017 3986:from the original on December 29, 2017 3621: 3418:from the original on December 20, 2014 3266:from the original on December 3, 2010. 3123: 3037: 2914: 2841:from the original on November 12, 2022 2811:. Emmaus: Rodale Press. Archived from 2610: 2423: 2421: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 1302:An Asian black bear feeding on berries 873:'s China Moon Bear Rescue as of 2010. 821:from Eastern Europe, particularly the 434:for its body parts, which are used in 418:in Japan, and Taiwan. It is listed as 9847: 9846: 8751: 8208: 7512: 6664: 5799: 5240: 4420: 4342: 4109: 4016:from the original on January 25, 2020 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3684: 3675: 3669: 3602: 2853: 2808:Bears, Majestic Creatures of the Wild 2586: 2465:Pallas) and brown and grizzly bears ( 2358: 1887:Of 1,375 livestock kills examined in 1444:Interspecific predatory relationships 837:offspring. According to Jack Hanna's 3761:. Aapn.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 3649:"Life Cycle, Predation, Competitors" 3640: 3405: 3119:– via Elsevier Science Direct. 2993:Bear Species @ Great Bear Foundation 2940: 2647:. Bears Of The World. Archived from 2509: 2168:, meaning "bear conquest". The word 2055:stalked, as their hearing was poor. 1735: 1105:), and the northeastern subspecies ( 5731:South African small-spotted genet ( 4097:from the original on April 17, 2018 3883:Hussain, Altaf (November 3, 2009). 3547:from the original on April 25, 2013 2890:. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2418: 2282:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2251: 1879:Livestock predation and crop damage 1574:in a "crush cage" on Huizhou Farm, 1460:in central and southern India, the 1155:southwest to the elevated areas of 406:, the Korean Peninsula, China, the 24: 4329:Bearplanet.org: Asiatic Black Bear 3857:. Thacker, Spink and Co, Calcutta. 3804:. London: Routledge. p. 254. 3784: 3698:from the original on June 10, 2011 3326: 3308:from the original on July 17, 2023 2966:. Asian Ethnology 67 (#1): 79–101. 942:, and the weight ratio of the two 876: 25: 10277: 6075:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 4309: 4118:, published by Groombridge., 1865 3897:from the original on May 24, 2023 3885:"Bear kills militants in Kashmir" 3479:Primate anti-predator strategies. 2937:. (PDF). Retrieved on 2011-09-26. 467:bears, and, as is typical in the 10216:IUCN Red List vulnerable species 10193: 10181: 10169: 10157: 5800: 4203:The Influence of Bears on Humans 4006:"Bear attacks tourists in Japan" 1944:The Influence of Bears on Humans 1026:. Its range in northeastern and 779: 724: 693: 654: 623: 593: 563: 181: 43: 8209: 5241: 4229: 4156: 4121: 4075: 4042: 3998: 3966: 3909: 3876: 3860: 3818: 3764: 3752:Asian Animal Protection Network 3745: 3733: 3710: 3615: 3572: 3559: 3502: 3491: 3471: 3430: 3399: 3320: 3290: 3278:지리산 반달가슴곰 50마리 넘었다...올봄 11마리 출산 3270: 3237:Int. Conf. Bear Res. And Manage 3184: 3165: 3094:10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108385 3059: 2986: 2969: 2904: 2888:The New Encyclopedia of Mammals 2827: 2779: 2722: 2702: 2683: 2663: 1933:acts. According to Gary Brown: 1527: 1101:), the Indochinese subspecies ( 865:hybrid cub was captured in the 326:Asian black bear range in 2016 8752: 3584:Endangered Animals of Thailand 2545: 2529: 2493:The Encyclopedia of Mammals: 1 1476:may attack Asian black bears. 1010:, across the foothills of the 13: 1: 5487:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3441:. In Gittleman, J. L. (ed.). 2953:The Moon Bear as a symbol of 2633:. Taylor and Francis, London. 2244: 1949:Asian black bears are easily 1269:A 44-day-old Asian black bear 1076: 528: 309: 10261:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier 9749:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 9405:North American river otter ( 8293:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 5347:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 4150:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.02.027 3161:Bear Behavior and Activities 1921:Tameability and trainability 813:from Western Europe and the 584:Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus 534:Asian black bear subspecies 398:, the northern parts of the 7: 6610:Somalian slender mongoose ( 4185:Use of Bears and Bear Parts 3853:September 29, 2018, at the 2875:Bear Anatomy and Physiology 2791:September 24, 2018, at the 2669:Baryshnikow, G. F. (2010). 2344:"White-chested, black bear" 2219: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2132: 2124: 2117: 2111: 1884:sound and encroach anyway. 1681: 1663: 1657: 1650: 1630:Wrestling with a Black Bear 1261:Reproduction and life cycle 1190:Ursus thibetanus formosanus 718:Ursus thibetanus thibetanus 683:Ursus thibetanus mupinensis 554:Ursus thibetanus formosanus 441: 390:lifestyle. It lives in the 27:Bear species native to Asia 10: 10282: 10246:Mammals of the Middle East 9563:Asian small-clawed otter ( 8302:American hog-nosed skunk ( 8284:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 6592:Angolan slender mongoose ( 6287:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 5336:Small-toothed palm civet ( 4285: 4198: 4180: 3497: 3156: 3073:Quaternary Science Reviews 3017:Lydekker, Richard (1900). 2870: 2805:Stirling, I., ed. (1993). 2695:December 26, 2010, at the 2091:After the introduction of 1996: 1989: 1939: 1637:In folklore and literature 1561: 1464:in Southeast Asia and the 1293: 1146: 1058:and the Chinese island of 893:Asian black bear skull at 847:Some notes on hybrid bears 828: 794: 791: 786: 769:Ursus thibetanus ussuricus 767: 758: 733: 730: 716: 709:light-colored, similar to 708: 703: 700: 681: 671: 665: 660: 643: 637: 634: 629: 614:Ursus thibetanus japonicus 612: 607: 604: 599: 582: 577: 574: 569: 552: 10256:Mammals described in 1823 9855: 9648: 9597: 9588: 9542: 9518: 9485: 9468: 9444: 9393: 9376: 9359: 9330:Saharan striped polecat ( 9318: 9301: 9260: 9215: 9198: 9189: 9180: 9081: 9057: 9033: 9016: 9007: 8930: 8875: 8833: 8816: 8792: 8775: 8760: 8747: 8719: 8678: 8645: 8628: 8569: 8519: 8486: 8469: 8460: 8397: 8356: 8323: 8311:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 8264: 8243: 8221: 8217: 8204: 8140: 8123: 8082: 8054: 8042:Mediterranean monk seal ( 8037: 8003: 7953: 7920: 7885: 7876: 7850: 7833: 7814: 7771:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7735:South American fur seal ( 7723: 7706: 7682: 7670:South American sea lion ( 7665: 7628: 7611: 7602: 7578: 7550: 7528: 7524: 7508: 7472: 7445: 7436: 7377: 7351: 7342: 7318: 7294: 7279: 7268: 7169: 7143: 7095: 7052:South American gray fox ( 7022: 6996: 6972: 6955: 6940: 6925: 6788: 6755: 6738: 6729: 6696: 6676: 6660: 6628:Common slender mongoose ( 6580: 6538: 6494: 6398: 6372: 6363: 6308: 6275: 6258: 6225: 6208: 6175: 6154: 6113: 6101:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 6096: 6063: 6046: 6037: 6000: 5974: 5965: 5948: 5932: 5896: 5870: 5855: 5831: 5812: 5808: 5795: 5763: 5759: 5623:Crested servaline genet ( 5578: 5539: 5530: 5475: 5449: 5434: 5412: 5366: 5322: 5313: 5264: 5249: 5236: 5204: 5106: 5042: 5025: 5016: 4988: 4971: 4938: 4887: 4800: 4763: 4746: 4737: 4700: 4676: 4667: 4651: 4583: 4550: 4537: 4517: 4464: 4447: 4432: 4416: 4378: 3846:Sterndale, R. A. (1884). 3622:Powell, A. N. W. (2008). 3331:. 台灣動物新聞網. Archived from 2962:October 25, 2014, at the 2708:Torres, Dennis Alexander 2474:December 3, 2010, at the 2469:Linne.) of North America. 1810:Mammalia of British India 1794:Robert Armitage Sterndale 1715:and battle her abductor, 1618:Relationships with humans 1518:Jigme Dorji National Park 1179: 839:Monkeys on the Interstate 809:and West Asia. These are 459:. Asian black bears have 447:Ancestral and sister taxa 337: 330: 325: 316: 306: 301: 283: 276: 178:Scientific classification 176: 159: 137: 128: 119: 110: 34: 9686:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 9554:African clawless otter ( 9306:African striped weasel ( 9119:Yellow-throated marten ( 8995:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8699:Western mountain coati ( 8690:Eastern mountain coati ( 8607:Western lowland olingo ( 8589:Eastern lowland olingo ( 8417:Southern spotted skunk ( 8111:Southern elephant seal ( 8102:Northern elephant seal ( 7892:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6669:("dog-like" carnivorans) 6482:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 6103:Mungotictis decemlineata 4978:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 4425:("cat-like" carnivorans) 4049:McCurry, Justin (2016). 3777:August 12, 2010, at the 3181:. env.go.jp (March 2013) 2436:. Simon & Schuster. 2050:An Asian black bear skin 1986:Hunting and exploitation 1125: 1103:U. thibetanus mupinensis 1099:U. thibetanus thibetanus 1092: 1042:. It also occurs on the 982:Distribution and habitat 645:Ursus thibetanus laniger 10241:Carnivorans of Malaysia 10231:Fauna of Southeast Asia 9731:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8986:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8968:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8959:Bornean ferret badger ( 8950:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 8435:Eastern spotted skunk ( 8426:Western spotted skunk ( 8156:Leptonychotes weddellii 7798:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7744:Australasian fur seal ( 6568:Black-footed mongoose ( 6550:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 6499:White-tailed mongoose ( 6437:Indian brown mongoose ( 6419:Short-tailed mongoose ( 6410:Small Indian mongoose ( 6347:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 6320:Alexander's kusimanse ( 6296:Common dwarf mongoose ( 6263:Pousargues's mongoose ( 6125:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 6084:Grandidier's mongoose ( 5338:Arctogalidia trivirgata 4562:Sunda clouded leopard ( 4294:. Lyons & Burford. 4130:Biological Conservation 3680:. Cassel & Company. 2998:April 13, 2011, at the 2601:Baluchistan black bear 2428:Montgomery, S. (2002). 1689:, the Asian black bear 1107:U. thibetanus ussuricus 895:Kyoto University Museum 871:Animals Asia Foundation 795:the largest subspecies 701:Indochinese black bear 426:, and is threatened by 404:Mainland Southeast Asia 9572:Congo clawless otter ( 9475:Hydrictis maculicollis 9473:Spotted-necked otter ( 9432:Southern river otter ( 9383:Pteronura brasiliensis 9146:European pine marten ( 8657:South American coati ( 8385:Palawan stink badger ( 7711:New Zealand sea lion ( 6776:Japanese raccoon dog ( 6473:Crab-eating mongoose ( 6428:Indian grey mongoose ( 6051:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5862:(bone-crushing hyenas) 5557:Central African oyan ( 5118:Chinese mountain cat ( 4321:Animal Diversity Web: 4290:The Great Bear Almanac 4219:Brinckman, A. (1862). 3830:July 22, 2011, at the 3757:July 22, 2012, at the 3678:The World of the Tiger 3283:June 12, 2018, at the 3177:June 26, 2016, at the 2982:. London: S.O. Beeton. 2976:Greenwood, J. (1862). 2886:Macdonald, D. (2001). 2645:"Himalayan Black Bear" 2627:Pocock, R. I. (1941). 2515:Craighead, L. (2003). 2491:Macdonald, D. (1984). 2289:: e.T22824A166528664. 2079: 2051: 2044: 2009: 1953:, and can be fed with 1947: 1858:Langtang National Park 1826: 1790: 1760: 1749: 1707:, Jambavantha assists 1661:), "mountain father" ( 1633: 1579: 1453: 1303: 1278: 1277:A sow nursing her cubs 1270: 1224:Asian black bears are 1221: 1087:Chittagong Hill Tracts 1065:It typically inhabits 902: 886: 601:Balochistan black bear 340:Selenarctos thibetanus 10104:Paleobiology Database 9812:Back-striped weasel ( 9758:Black-footed ferret ( 9530:Smooth-coated otter ( 9308:Poecilogale albinucha 8977:Javan ferret-badger ( 8863:Sumatran hog badger ( 8845:Northern hog badger ( 8539:Crab-eating raccoon ( 8444:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 8165:Lobodon carcinophagus 7901:Histriophoca fasciata 7694:Australian sea lion ( 7640:California sea lion ( 7389:American black bear ( 7131:Black-backed jackal ( 7122:Side-striped jackal ( 6962:Chrysocyon brachyurus 6386:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5659:Rusty-spotted genet ( 5496:Large-spotted civet ( 5345:Sulawesi palm civet ( 5274:Owston's palm civet ( 4848:Andean mountain cat ( 4255:10.1186/1746-4269-5-2 3954:on September 29, 2013 3800:Knight, John (2000). 3603:Adams, A. L. (1867). 3565:Hwang, M. H. (2003). 3327:何宜 (March 13, 2014). 3298:"Formosan Black Bear" 3228:Xu, Xueliang (1997). 2571:10.1093/jhered/esn097 2074:The rifle in Cashmere 2057: 2049: 2022: 2004: 1935: 1806: 1773: 1755: 1743: 1655:), "mountain uncle" ( 1625: 1569: 1470:Himalayan brown bears 1451: 1301: 1276: 1268: 1228:, though they become 1219: 1140:South Jeolla Province 892: 884: 841:, a bear captured in 605:southern Balochistan 488:Middle Villafranchian 363:), also known as the 41:Early Pliocene–Recent 10236:Mammals of East Asia 9627:Long-tailed weasel ( 9205:Lyncodon patagonicus 8854:Greater hog badger ( 8376:Sunda stink badger ( 8066:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7789:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7762:Antarctic fur seal ( 7753:Galápagos fur seal ( 7649:Galápagos sea lion ( 6767:Common raccoon dog ( 6619:Cape gray mongoose ( 6559:Jackson's mongoose ( 6519:Paracynictis selousi 6510:Cynictis penicillata 6134:Durrell's vontsira ( 5722:Giant forest genet ( 5514:Large Indian civet ( 5454:Small Indian civet ( 5063:Sunda leopard cat ( 4839:Southern tiger cat ( 4775:African golden cat ( 4452:African palm civet ( 4091:Agence France-Presse 3412:Animal Diversity Web 2835:"Asiatic Black Bear" 2676:May 7, 2013, at the 2643:Bears Of The World. 2459:Herrero, S. (1972). 1782:A Book of Man Eaters 1711:in finding his wife 1411:American black bears 1212:Behavior and ecology 1206:Yushan National Park 1202:Taroko National Park 1198:Sheipa National Park 1194:Snow mountain ranges 662:Himalayan black bear 436:traditional medicine 379:, is a medium-sized 10226:Fauna of South Asia 10221:Asiatic black bears 9670:M. aistoodonnivalis 9506:Hairy-nosed otter ( 9423:Neotropical otter ( 9203:Patagonian weasel ( 8666:White-nosed coati ( 7866:Cystophora cristata 7857:Erignathus barbatus 7590:Northern fur seal ( 7367:Helarctos malayanus 7003:Atelocynus microtis 6710:U. cinereoargenteus 6601:Egyptian mongoose ( 6528:Rhynchogale melleri 6526:Meller's mongoose ( 6517:Selous's mongoose ( 6501:Ichneumia albicauda 6455:Collared mongoose ( 6329:Angolan kusimanse ( 6213:Liberian mongoose ( 5566:West African oyan ( 5465:Civettictis civetta 5396:Golden palm civet ( 5354:Masked palm civet ( 5329:Arctictis binturong 5303:Hemigalus derbyanus 5301:Banded palm civet ( 5292:Hose's palm civet ( 5081:Rusty-spotted cat ( 4316:Asiatic Black Bears 4142:2008BCons.141.1272S 3459:on October 27, 2021 3335:on February 2, 2020 3086:2024QSRv..32508385V 2951:Knight, C. (2008). 2924:Asiatic Black Bear 2750:10.2192/07SC007R2.1 2558:Journal of Heredity 2177:Traditionally, the 1186:Formosan black bear 963:American black bear 953:In contrast to the 811:U. t. mediterraneus 759:Distinguished from 731:Tibetan black bear 672:Distinguished from 631:Japanese black bear 571:Formosan black bear 535: 400:Indian subcontinent 131:Conservation status 9785:European polecat ( 9618:Colombian weasel ( 9268:(African polecats) 8896:Caucasian badger ( 8824:(Eurasian badgers) 8274:(hog-nosed skunks) 8011:("southern seals") 7910:Halichoerus grypus 7841:("northern seals") 7713:Phocarctos hookeri 7618:Eumetopias jubatus 7616:Steller sea lion ( 7398:Asian black bear ( 7148:African wild dog ( 7102:(wolf-like canids) 6379:Atilax paludinosus 6338:Common kusimanse ( 6265:Dologale dybowskii 6237:Gambian mongoose ( 6021:Western falanouc ( 6012:Eastern falanouc ( 5981:Cryptoprocta ferox 5886:Parahyaena brunnea 5641:Johnston's genet ( 5596:Abyssinian genet ( 5548:(African linsangs) 5456:Viverricula indica 5387:Brown palm civet ( 5378:Asian palm civet ( 5285:Cynogale bennettii 5276:Chrotogale owstoni 5172:European wildcat ( 5163:Black-footed cat ( 4753:Leptailurus serval 4721:Asian golden cat ( 4487:(Asiatic linsangs) 4286:Brown, G. (1993). 3647:Prynn, D. (2004). 3513:Burdocas taxicolor 3406:Goodness, Tracie. 3387:on October 9, 2022 3204:on January 7, 2016 3052:2011-09-30 at the 2933:2016-03-04 at the 2837:. Yadanarbon Zoo. 2715:2013-05-27 at the 2517:Bears of the World 2052: 2010: 1765:David W. Macdonald 1761: 1750: 1634: 1580: 1474:Ussuri brown bears 1454: 1304: 1279: 1271: 1222: 992:Middle Pleistocene 903: 887: 853:. In 1975, within 533: 377:white-chested bear 369:Asiatic black bear 269:U. thibetanus 18:Asiatic black bear 10145: 10144: 10091:Open Tree of Life 9849:Taxon identifiers 9840: 9839: 9836: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9824: 9823: 9803:Siberian weasel ( 9794:American ermine ( 9722:Japanese weasel ( 9677:Mountain weasel ( 9661: 9584: 9583: 9370: 9355: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9339:Striped polecat ( 9289:Marbled polecat ( 9271: 9256: 9255: 9228: 9176: 9175: 9155:Japanese marten ( 9101:American marten ( 9094: 8952:M. cucphuongensis 8943: 8926: 8925: 8914:European badger ( 8887:Japanese badger ( 8827: 8780:American badger ( 8743: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8715: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8639: 8598:Northern olingo ( 8582: 8557:Cozumel raccoon ( 8532: 8456: 8455: 8410: 8369: 8277: 8258: 8200: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8188: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8174:Ommatophoca rossi 8147:Hydrurga leptonyx 8134: 8131:(Antarctic seals) 8104:M. angustirostris 8095: 8078: 8077: 8044:Monachus monachus 8031: 8014: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7844: 7827: 7810: 7809: 7672:Otaria flavescens 7661: 7660: 7572: 7540:Odobenus rosmarus 7504: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7491: 7455: 7432: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7330:Spectacled bear ( 7288: 7264: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7104: 7091: 7090: 7010:Crab-eating fox ( 7001:Short-eared dog ( 6949: 6934: 6921: 6920: 6803: 6745:Otocyon megalotis 6689: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6508:Yellow mongoose ( 6359: 6358: 6246:Banded mongoose ( 6215:Liberiictus kuhni 6169: 6150: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6033: 6032: 5959: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5864: 5825: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5755: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5695:Servaline genet ( 5614:Bourlon's genet ( 5589: 5550: 5526: 5525: 5408: 5407: 5380:P. hermaphroditus 5232: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5145:African wildcat ( 5102: 5101: 5072:Flat-headed cat ( 5012: 5011: 4796: 4795: 4733: 4732: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4571:Clouded leopard ( 4530: 4505:Spotted linsang ( 4489: 4454:Nandinia binotata 4301:978-1-55821-210-7 3662:978-0-9532990-3-4 3633:978-1-4437-6235-9 3624:Call of the Tiger 3522:Mammalian Species 3452:978-0-8014-3027-5 3302:Bear Conservation 3172:クマ類の保護管理に関するレポート 3030:978-81-206-1162-7 2651:on March 20, 2015 2606:(G. Cuvier, 1823) 2443:978-0-7432-0584-9 2101:Nagano Prefecture 2026:valley of Kashmir 1818:Ursus Isabellinus 1804:on May 11, 1880: 1736:Attacks on humans 1611:bear bile farming 1067:deciduous forests 1002:eastward through 944:pterygoid muscles 799: 798: 788:Ussuri black bear 410:, the islands of 365:Indian black bear 351: 350: 346:(Blandford 1888) 171: 154: 16:(Redirected from 10273: 10251:Fauna of Siberia 10198: 10197: 10186: 10185: 10174: 10173: 10162: 10161: 10153: 10138: 10137: 10125: 10124: 10112: 10111: 10099: 10098: 10086: 10085: 10073: 10072: 10060: 10059: 10047: 10046: 10034: 10033: 10021: 10020: 10008: 10007: 9995: 9994: 9982: 9981: 9969: 9968: 9956: 9955: 9943: 9942: 9930: 9929: 9917: 9916: 9904: 9903: 9901:Ursus_thibetanus 9891: 9890: 9889: 9887:Ursus thibetanus 9876: 9875: 9874: 9857:Ursus thibetanus 9844: 9843: 9776:Malayan weasel ( 9695:Steppe polecat ( 9668:Sichuan weasel ( 9660: 9659: 9655: 9595: 9594: 9532:L. perspicillata 9497:Eurasian otter ( 9374: 9373: 9369: 9368: 9364: 9275: 9274: 9270: 9269: 9265: 9244:Greater grison ( 9227: 9226: 9222: 9196: 9195: 9187: 9186: 9137:Nilgiri marten ( 9110:Pacific marten ( 9093: 9092: 9088: 9014: 9013: 8997:M. subaurantiaca 8942: 8941: 8940:(ferret-badgers) 8937: 8831: 8830: 8826: 8825: 8821: 8773: 8772: 8762: 8761: 8749: 8748: 8643: 8642: 8638: 8637: 8633: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8531: 8530: 8526: 8467: 8466: 8409: 8408: 8407:(spotted skunks) 8404: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8256: 8248: 8219: 8218: 8206: 8205: 8163:Crabeater seal ( 8138: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8094: 8093: 8092:(elephant seals) 8089: 8068:N. schauinslandi 8035: 8034: 8030: 8029: 8025: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8008: 7883: 7882: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7842: 7838: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7825: 7819: 7780:Brown fur seal ( 7755:A. galapagoensis 7642:Z. californianus 7609: 7608: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7570: 7556: 7526: 7525: 7518: 7510: 7509: 7454: 7453: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7358:Melursus ursinus 7349: 7348: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7277: 7276: 7244:Ethiopian wolf ( 7108: 7107: 7103: 7100: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6938: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6819:Blanford's fox ( 6802: 6795: 6736: 6735: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6685: 6678: 6677: 6670: 6662: 6661: 6464:Ruddy mongoose ( 6446:Javan mongoose ( 6377:Marsh mongoose ( 6370: 6369: 6349:C. platycephalus 6182: 6181: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6044: 6043: 5988:Malagasy civet ( 5972: 5971: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5797: 5796: 5761: 5760: 5588: 5585: 5549: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5447: 5446: 5443: 5432: 5431: 5427: 5414: 5413: 5320: 5319: 5262: 5261: 5251: 5250: 5238: 5237: 5032:Otocolobus manul 5023: 5022: 4945: 4944: 4821:Geoffroy's cat ( 4744: 4743: 4674: 4673: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4548: 4547: 4539: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4526: 4519: 4518: 4496:Banded linsang ( 4488: 4485: 4477: 4476: 4466: 4465: 4445: 4444: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4418: 4417: 4363: 4356: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4323:Ursus thibetanus 4305: 4293: 4278: 4277: 4267: 4257: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4216: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4172: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3953: 3947:. Archived from 3922: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3880: 3874: 3864: 3858: 3844: 3835: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3797: 3782: 3768: 3762: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3600: 3594: 3576: 3570: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3546: 3519: 3506: 3500: 3495: 3489: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3455:. Archived from 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3386: 3380:. Archived from 3363: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3329:"黃美秀與台灣黑熊愛的三部曲" 3324: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3294: 3288: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3234: 3225: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3203: 3197:. Archived from 3196: 3188: 3182: 3169: 3163: 3154: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3063: 3057: 3044: 3035: 3034: 3014: 3003: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2973: 2967: 2949: 2938: 2926:Ursus thibetanus 2921: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2883: 2877: 2868: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2815:on June 17, 2016 2802: 2796: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2767:on July 22, 2013 2766: 2760:. Archived from 2735: 2726: 2720: 2706: 2700: 2687: 2681: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2640: 2634: 2625: 2608: 2604:Ursus thibetanus 2599: 2584: 2583: 2573: 2549: 2543: 2533: 2527: 2519:Voyageur Press, 2513: 2507: 2506: 2488: 2479: 2463:Ursus americanus 2457: 2448: 2447: 2435: 2425: 2416: 2409: 2356: 2355: 2339: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2298: 2275:Ursus thibetanus 2268: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2135: 2127: 2120: 2114: 2077: 2042: 1873:Akita prefecture 1854:Himachal Pradesh 1839:Kashmir conflict 1788: 1684: 1666: 1660: 1653: 1556:Natural Monument 1413:, and will kill 1054:, as well as on 1032:Russian Far East 996:Late Pleistocene 948:temporal muscles 940:zygomatic arches 843:Sanford, Florida 803:Late Pleistocene 783: 776: 728: 722: 697: 690: 674:U. t. thibetanus 658: 652: 627: 621: 597: 591: 567: 561: 536: 532: 523:Korean peninsula 408:Russian Far East 360:Ursus thibetanus 355:Asian black bear 321: 289: 287:Ursus thibetanus 186: 185: 165: 148: 143: 142: 115: 105: 42: 38:Temporal range: 35:Asian black bear 32: 31: 21: 10281: 10280: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10271: 10270: 10206: 10205: 10204: 10192: 10180: 10168: 10156: 10148: 10146: 10141: 10133: 10128: 10120: 10115: 10107: 10102: 10094: 10089: 10081: 10078:Observation.org 10076: 10068: 10063: 10055: 10050: 10042: 10037: 10029: 10024: 10016: 10011: 10003: 9998: 9990: 9985: 9977: 9972: 9964: 9959: 9951: 9946: 9938: 9933: 9925: 9920: 9912: 9907: 9899: 9894: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9870: 9869: 9864: 9851: 9841: 9820: 9796:M. richardsonii 9740:European mink ( 9657: 9656: 9654: 9644: 9636:American mink ( 9609:Amazon weasel ( 9580: 9538: 9514: 9481: 9464: 9440: 9389: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9347: 9314: 9297: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9252: 9235:Lesser grison ( 9224: 9223: 9221: 9211: 9172: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9077: 9053: 9029: 9003: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8922: 8871: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8812: 8788: 8769: 8756: 8735: 8707: 8674: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8624: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8565: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8515: 8482: 8452: 8419:S. angustifrons 8406: 8405: 8403: 8393: 8366:(stink badgers) 8365: 8364: 8362: 8352: 8344:Striped skunk ( 8319: 8313:C. semistriatus 8273: 8272: 8270: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8239: 8233:Ailurus fulgens 8213: 8180: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8119: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8074: 8050: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8010: 8009: 8007: 7991: 7949: 7916: 7872: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7806: 7719: 7702: 7678: 7657: 7624: 7598: 7565: 7560: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7546: 7520: 7516: 7488: 7468: 7451: 7450: 7424: 7373: 7338: 7314: 7285: 7283: 7273: 7252: 7181:Golden jackal ( 7165: 7139: 7101: 7099: 7087: 7018: 7012:Cerdocyon thous 6992: 6968: 6946: 6944: 6931: 6929: 6917: 6882:Rüppell's fox ( 6796: 6794: 6784: 6769:N. procyonoides 6751: 6743:Bat-eared fox ( 6725: 6690: 6686: 6672: 6668: 6636: 6621:H. pulverulenta 6576: 6534: 6490: 6457:U. semitorquata 6412:U. auropunctata 6394: 6355: 6304: 6271: 6254: 6221: 6204: 6166: 6164: 6159: 6158: 6142: 6109: 6092: 6059: 6053:Galidia elegans 6029: 5996: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5942: 5937: 5916: 5908:Spotted hyena ( 5892: 5875:Striped hyena ( 5861: 5859: 5851: 5822: 5820: 5804: 5779: 5739: 5677:Aquatic genet ( 5668:Pardine genet ( 5605:Angolan genet ( 5586: 5584: 5574: 5559:P. richardsonii 5547: 5545: 5522: 5505:Malayan civet ( 5471: 5463:African civet ( 5439: 5438: 5428: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5404: 5362: 5309: 5294:Diplogale hosei 5258: 5245: 5220: 5180: 5098: 5038: 5018: 5008: 4984: 4967: 4940: 4934: 4908:Eurasian lynx ( 4883: 4792: 4759: 4739: 4729: 4696: 4669: 4661: 4656: 4639: 4579: 4531: 4527: 4513: 4486: 4473: 4460: 4441: 4428: 4424: 4412: 4374: 4367: 4312: 4302: 4282: 4281: 4234: 4230: 4217: 4208: 4197: 4190: 4179: 4175: 4161: 4157: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3920: 3914: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3881: 3877: 3865: 3861: 3855:Wayback Machine 3845: 3838: 3832:Wayback Machine 3823: 3819: 3812: 3798: 3785: 3779:Wayback Machine 3769: 3765: 3759:Wayback Machine 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3620: 3616: 3601: 3597: 3577: 3573: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3530:10.2307/3503907 3517: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3492: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3453: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3285:Wayback Machine 3275: 3271: 3263: 3249:10.2307/3872661 3232: 3226: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3179:Wayback Machine 3170: 3166: 3155: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3064: 3060: 3054:Wayback Machine 3045: 3038: 3031: 3015: 3006: 3000:Wayback Machine 2991: 2987: 2974: 2970: 2964:Wayback Machine 2950: 2941: 2935:Wayback Machine 2922: 2915: 2909: 2905: 2898: 2884: 2880: 2869: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2803: 2799: 2793:Wayback Machine 2784: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2733: 2727: 2723: 2719:. cecalc.ula.ve 2717:Wayback Machine 2707: 2703: 2697:Wayback Machine 2688: 2684: 2678:Wayback Machine 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2641: 2637: 2626: 2611: 2600: 2587: 2550: 2546: 2534: 2530: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2489: 2482: 2476:Wayback Machine 2458: 2451: 2444: 2426: 2419: 2410: 2359: 2340: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2269: 2252: 2247: 2222: 2115:(all-black) or 2078: 2072: 2043: 2037: 1999: 1994: 1988: 1923: 1881: 1850:Chamba District 1822:Ursus Tibetanus 1814:Ursus Tibetanus 1789: 1784:, Chapter XVII 1780: 1738: 1687:Hindu mythology 1639: 1620: 1564: 1530: 1501:Eurasian lynxes 1446: 1438:water buffaloes 1407:Hanuman langurs 1296: 1263: 1220:A cub in a tree 1214: 1182: 1149: 1128: 1095: 1079: 984: 879: 877:Characteristics 859:spectacled bear 831: 778: 771: 723: 720: 691: 685: 653: 647: 622: 616: 592: 586: 562: 556: 539:Subspecies name 531: 471:, they have 74 449: 444: 394:, southeastern 344:Ursus torquatus 342: 297: 291: 285: 272: 180: 172: 155: 144: 140: 133: 106: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 40: 39: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10279: 10269: 10268: 10266:Ursus (mammal) 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10203: 10202: 10190: 10178: 10166: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10126: 10113: 10100: 10087: 10074: 10061: 10048: 10035: 10022: 10009: 9996: 9983: 9970: 9957: 9944: 9931: 9918: 9905: 9892: 9877: 9861: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9838: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9814:M. strigidorsa 9809: 9800: 9791: 9782: 9773: 9767:Least weasel ( 9764: 9755: 9746: 9737: 9728: 9719: 9713:Haida ermine ( 9710: 9701: 9697:M. eversmannii 9692: 9683: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9642: 9633: 9624: 9615: 9605: 9603: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9569: 9560: 9550: 9548: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9526: 9524: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9429: 9425:L. longicaudis 9420: 9414:Marine otter ( 9411: 9401: 9399: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9387: 9377: 9371: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9336: 9326: 9324: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9285: 9283: 9272: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9250: 9241: 9231: 9229: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9209: 9199: 9193: 9184: 9178: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9170: 9161: 9152: 9143: 9134: 9128:Beech marten ( 9125: 9116: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9065: 9063: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9051: 9041: 9039: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9017: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 8992: 8983: 8974: 8965: 8956: 8946: 8944: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8920: 8911: 8905:Asian badger ( 8902: 8893: 8883: 8881: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8869: 8860: 8851: 8847:A. albogularis 8841: 8839: 8828: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8810: 8804:Honey badger ( 8800: 8798: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8786: 8776: 8770: 8765: 8758: 8757: 8745: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8733: 8732: 8731: 8725: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8705: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8663: 8653: 8651: 8640: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8622: 8613: 8604: 8595: 8585: 8583: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8554: 8545: 8541:P. cancrivorus 8535: 8533: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8509:B. sumichrasti 8504: 8494: 8492: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8450: 8441: 8432: 8423: 8413: 8411: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8341: 8335:Hooded skunk ( 8331: 8329: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8308: 8299: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8259: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8227: 8225: 8215: 8214: 8202: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8169: 8160: 8154:Weddell seal ( 8151: 8145:Leopard seal ( 8141: 8135: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8108: 8098: 8096: 8080: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8048: 8038: 8032: 8015: 8001: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7980: 7971: 7965:Caspian seal ( 7961: 7959: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7947: 7938: 7932:Spotted seal ( 7928: 7926: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7905: 7896: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7861: 7855:Bearded seal ( 7851: 7845: 7828: 7824:or true seals) 7822:(earless seals 7812: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7795: 7786: 7777: 7768: 7759: 7750: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7717: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7676: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7573: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7522: 7521: 7506: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7478: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7458: 7456: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7413: 7404: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7362: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7326: 7324: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7308:A. melanoleuca 7302: 7300: 7289: 7274: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7262: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7241: 7232: 7226:Eastern wolf ( 7223: 7214: 7208:African wolf ( 7205: 7196: 7190:Domestic dog ( 7187: 7177: 7175: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7154: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7128: 7118: 7116: 7105: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7076: 7070:Sechuran fox ( 7067: 7063:L. gymnocercus 7058: 7049: 7043:Darwin's fox ( 7040: 7030: 7028: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7007: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6980: 6978: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6966: 6956: 6950: 6935: 6923: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6906: 6897: 6888: 6879: 6870: 6861: 6852: 6843: 6834: 6825: 6816: 6812:V. bengalensis 6806: 6804: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6714: 6704: 6702: 6691: 6681: 6674: 6673: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6625: 6616: 6607: 6598: 6588: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6565: 6556: 6552:B. crassicauda 6546: 6544: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6523: 6514: 6505: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6479: 6470: 6461: 6452: 6443: 6434: 6425: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6383: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6344: 6335: 6326: 6316: 6314: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6192: 6190: 6179: 6170: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6086:G. grandidieri 6081: 6071: 6069: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6047: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6018: 6008: 6006: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5985: 5975: 5969: 5960: 5943: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5881: 5871: 5865: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5826: 5806: 5805: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5769: 5767: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5728: 5719: 5710: 5701: 5692: 5683: 5674: 5665: 5656: 5650:Letaba genet ( 5647: 5638: 5632:Common genet ( 5629: 5620: 5611: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5563: 5553: 5551: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5511: 5502: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5469: 5460: 5450: 5444: 5429: 5417: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5398:P. zeylonensis 5393: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5356:Paguma larvata 5351: 5342: 5333: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5298: 5289: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5259: 5254: 5247: 5246: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5169: 5160: 5151: 5142: 5133: 5127:Domestic cat ( 5124: 5114: 5112: 5104: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5087: 5083:P. rubiginosus 5078: 5069: 5060: 5056:P. bengalensis 5050: 5048: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5030:Pallas's cat ( 5026: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4955: 4953: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4923: 4917:Iberian lynx ( 4914: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4872: 4863: 4854: 4845: 4836: 4827: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4671: 4662: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4595:Snow leopard ( 4591: 4589: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4545: 4532: 4522: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4502: 4492: 4490: 4474: 4469: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4448: 4442: 4437: 4430: 4429: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4408:Laurasiatheria 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4318: 4311: 4310:External links 4308: 4307: 4306: 4300: 4280: 4279: 4228: 4206: 4188: 4173: 4155: 4120: 4108: 4074: 4041: 4027: 3997: 3965: 3931:(1): 101–108. 3908: 3875: 3867:Cornish, C. J. 3859: 3836: 3817: 3810: 3783: 3763: 3744: 3732: 3709: 3683: 3668: 3661: 3639: 3632: 3626:. Read Books. 3614: 3595: 3571: 3558: 3501: 3490: 3470: 3451: 3429: 3398: 3372:(2): 153–161. 3346: 3319: 3289: 3269: 3215: 3183: 3164: 3122: 3058: 3036: 3029: 3004: 2985: 2968: 2939: 2913: 2903: 2896: 2878: 2852: 2826: 2797: 2778: 2721: 2701: 2682: 2662: 2635: 2609: 2585: 2564:(3): 297–308. 2544: 2528: 2508: 2501: 2480: 2449: 2442: 2417: 2415:. IUCN, Gland. 2357: 2309: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2221: 2218: 2070: 2035: 1998: 1995: 1990:Main article: 1987: 1984: 1963:sweet potatoes 1922: 1919: 1880: 1877: 1866:Takayama, Gifu 1778: 1737: 1734: 1729:The Life of Pi 1701:. In the epic 1638: 1635: 1619: 1616: 1563: 1560: 1529: 1526: 1445: 1442: 1295: 1292: 1262: 1259: 1213: 1210: 1181: 1178: 1148: 1145: 1127: 1124: 1094: 1091: 1078: 1075: 1028:southern China 1020:Southeast Asia 988:Western Europe 983: 980: 928:sagittal crest 878: 875: 830: 827: 823:Ural Mountains 797: 796: 793: 790: 785: 765: 764: 757: 732: 729: 714: 713: 707: 702: 699: 679: 678: 670: 664: 659: 641: 640: 636: 633: 628: 610: 609: 606: 603: 598: 580: 579: 576: 573: 568: 550: 549: 546: 543: 540: 530: 527: 483:Ursus etruscus 448: 445: 443: 440: 349: 348: 335: 334: 328: 327: 323: 322: 314: 313: 304: 303: 299: 298: 292: 281: 280: 274: 273: 266: 264: 260: 259: 252: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 222: 218: 217: 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 174: 173: 160: 157: 156: 138: 135: 134: 129: 126: 125: 117: 116: 108: 107: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 37: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10278: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10154: 10151: 10136: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9988: 9984: 9980: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9897: 9893: 9888: 9882: 9878: 9873: 9867: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9845: 9817: 9815: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9751:M. lutreolina 9747: 9745: 9743: 9738: 9736: 9734: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9720: 9718: 9716: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9653: 9652: 9647: 9641: 9639: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9616: 9614: 9612: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9587: 9577: 9575: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9546: 9541: 9535: 9533: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9522: 9517: 9511: 9509: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9489: 9484: 9478: 9476: 9471: 9470: 9467: 9461: 9459: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9437: 9435: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9407:L. canadensis 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9397: 9392: 9386: 9384: 9381:Giant otter ( 9379: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9362: 9358: 9344: 9342: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9311: 9309: 9304: 9303: 9300: 9294: 9292: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9276: 9273: 9263: 9259: 9249: 9247: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9220: 9219: 9214: 9208: 9206: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9169: 9167: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9139:M. gwatkinsii 9135: 9133: 9131: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9074: 9072: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9056: 9050: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9026: 9024: 9019: 9018: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8979:M. orientalis 8975: 8973: 8971: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8894: 8892: 8890: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8879: 8874: 8868: 8866: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8829: 8819: 8815: 8809: 8807: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8791: 8785: 8783: 8782:Taxidea taxus 8778: 8777: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8750: 8746: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8704: 8702: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8692:N. meridensis 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8677: 8671: 8669: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8649: 8644: 8641: 8631: 8627: 8621: 8619: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8574: 8573: 8568: 8562: 8560: 8555: 8553: 8551: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8524: 8523: 8518: 8512: 8510: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8479: 8477: 8472: 8471: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8390: 8388: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8378:M. javanensis 8374: 8373: 8371: 8361: 8360: 8355: 8349: 8347: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8304:C. leuconotus 8300: 8298: 8296: 8295:C. humboldtii 8291: 8289: 8287: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8269: 8268: 8263: 8260: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8234: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8207: 8203: 8177: 8175: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8152: 8150: 8148: 8143: 8142: 8139: 8136: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8114: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8100: 8099: 8097: 8087: 8086: 8081: 8071: 8069: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8058: 8053: 8047: 8045: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8033: 8023: 8019: 8016: 8006: 8002: 7988: 7986: 7983:Baikal seal ( 7981: 7979: 7977: 7974:Ringed seal ( 7972: 7970: 7968: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7946: 7944: 7941:Harbor seal ( 7939: 7937: 7935: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7913: 7911: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7899:Ribbon seal ( 7897: 7895: 7893: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7867: 7864:Hooded seal ( 7862: 7860: 7858: 7853: 7852: 7849: 7846: 7836: 7832: 7829: 7817: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7800:A. tropicalis 7796: 7794: 7792: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7726:Arctocephalus 7722: 7716: 7714: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7699: 7697: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7668: 7667: 7664: 7654: 7652: 7651:Z. wollebaeki 7647: 7645: 7643: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7621: 7619: 7614: 7613: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7595: 7593: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7574: 7568: 7563: 7559:(eared seals: 7554: 7549: 7543: 7541: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7511: 7507: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7421: 7419: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7400:U. thibetanus 7396: 7394: 7392: 7391:U. americanus 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7370: 7368: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7335: 7333: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7311: 7309: 7306:Giant panda ( 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7290: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7267: 7249: 7247: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7192:C. familiaris 7188: 7186: 7184: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7162: 7160: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7150:Lycaon pictus 7146: 7145: 7142: 7136: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7106: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7008: 7006: 7004: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6989: 6987: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6963: 6958: 6957: 6954: 6951: 6943: 6939: 6936: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6846:Tibetan fox ( 6844: 6842: 6840: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6800: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6781: 6779: 6778:N. viverrinus 6774: 6772: 6770: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6720: 6719:U. littoralis 6715: 6713: 6711: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6692: 6684: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6633: 6631: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6594:H. flavescens 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6531: 6529: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6487: 6485: 6484:U. vitticolla 6480: 6478: 6476: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6391: 6389: 6388:Xenogale naso 6384: 6382: 6380: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6352: 6350: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6266: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6251: 6249: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6210: 6207: 6201: 6199: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6171: 6162: 6161:sensu stricto 6157: 6153: 6139: 6137: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6106: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6056: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5993: 5991: 5990:Fossa fossana 5986: 5984: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5931: 5913: 5911: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5884:Brown hyena ( 5882: 5880: 5878: 5877:Hyaena hyaena 5873: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5846: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5798: 5794: 5773: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5704:Hausa genet ( 5702: 5700: 5698: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5607:G. angolensis 5603: 5601: 5599: 5598:G. abyssinica 5594: 5593: 5591: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5569: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5507:V. tangalunga 5503: 5501: 5499: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5468: 5466: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5442: 5441:sensu stricto 5437: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5359: 5357: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5315:Paradoxurinae 5312: 5306: 5304: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5283:Otter civet ( 5281: 5279: 5277: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5214: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5177: 5175: 5174:F. silvestris 5170: 5168: 5166: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5092:P. viverrinus 5090:Fishing cat ( 5088: 5086: 5084: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5065:P. javanensis 5061: 5059: 5057: 5054:Leopard cat ( 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5033: 5028: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4964: 4962: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4901:L. canadensis 4899:Canada lynx ( 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4723:C. temminckii 4719: 4717: 4715: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4688:Marbled cat ( 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4658:sensu stricto 4655: 4650: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4574: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4508: 4507:P. pardicolor 4503: 4501: 4499: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4372: 4364: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4297: 4292: 4291: 4284: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4224: 4223: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4159: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4112: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4045: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3958:September 17, 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3919: 3912: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3821: 3813: 3811:0-415-22441-1 3807: 3803: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3679: 3672: 3664: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3593: 3592:1-877743-07-0 3589: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3568: 3562: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3494: 3488: 3487:0-387-34807-7 3484: 3480: 3474: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3402: 3391:September 17, 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3351: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3200: 3193: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3032: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2989: 2981: 2980: 2972: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2920: 2918: 2907: 2899: 2897:0-19-850823-9 2893: 2889: 2882: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2801: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2782: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2732: 2725: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2631: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2607: 2605: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2548: 2541: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2525:0-89658-008-3 2522: 2518: 2512: 2504: 2502:0-04-500028-X 2498: 2494: 2487: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2439: 2434: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2414: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2217: 2214: 2213:Paiwan people 2210: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2153: 2147: 2143:or cat-bear. 2141: 2136: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2119: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2056: 2048: 2040: 2034: 2032: 2027: 2021: 2019: 2018:British India 2015: 2012:According to 2008: 2007:Samuel Howitt 2003: 1993: 1983: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1885: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1812:, remarks of 1811: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1787: 1783: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1759: 1754: 1747: 1742: 1733: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1669:sabishigariya 1665: 1664:yama no oyaji 1659: 1658:yama no ossan 1654: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1631: 1629: 1624: 1615: 1612: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1559: 1557: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1508: 1506: 1505:Amur leopards 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1450: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1431:malayan tapir 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319:invertebrates 1316: 1313: 1309: 1300: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1275: 1267: 1258: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1218: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1090: 1088: 1083: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1014:in India and 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 979: 977: 971: 968: 964: 960: 956: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 932: 929: 925: 924: 920: 916: 912: 907: 900: 896: 891: 883: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 826: 824: 820: 819:U. t. permjak 816: 812: 808: 804: 789: 784: 782: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761:U. t. laniger 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 727: 719: 715: 712: 711:U. t. laniger 706: 698: 696: 688: 684: 680: 675: 669: 663: 657: 650: 646: 642: 632: 626: 619: 615: 611: 602: 596: 589: 585: 581: 572: 566: 559: 555: 551: 547: 544: 541: 538: 537: 526: 524: 519: 515: 511: 507: 501: 499: 498:Ursus minimus 495: 494: 493:Ursus minimus 489: 485: 484: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 439: 437: 433: 429: 428:deforestation 425: 424:IUCN Red List 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 361: 356: 347: 345: 341: 336: 333: 329: 324: 320: 315: 312: 311: 305: 300: 295: 290: 288: 282: 279: 278:Binomial name 275: 271: 270: 265: 262: 261: 258: 257: 253: 250: 249: 246: 243: 240: 239: 236: 233: 230: 229: 226: 223: 220: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 199: 196: 193: 190: 189: 184: 179: 175: 169: 163: 158: 152: 147: 136: 132: 127: 123: 118: 114: 109: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 33: 30: 19: 9856: 9813: 9804: 9795: 9786: 9777: 9768: 9759: 9750: 9741: 9732: 9723: 9714: 9705: 9696: 9687: 9678: 9669: 9649: 9637: 9628: 9619: 9610: 9598: 9573: 9564: 9555: 9543: 9531: 9519: 9508:L. sumatrana 9507: 9498: 9486: 9474: 9457: 9445: 9433: 9424: 9415: 9406: 9394: 9382: 9340: 9331: 9319: 9307: 9291:V. peregusna 9290: 9278: 9245: 9236: 9216: 9204: 9191:Lyncodontini 9182:Ictonychinae 9166:M. zibellina 9165: 9156: 9147: 9138: 9129: 9121:M. flavigula 9120: 9111: 9103:M. americana 9102: 9082: 9070: 9058: 9046: 9034: 9023:Eira barbara 9022: 8996: 8988:M. personata 8987: 8978: 8969: 8960: 8951: 8931: 8915: 8906: 8898:M. canescens 8897: 8888: 8876: 8864: 8855: 8846: 8834: 8805: 8793: 8781: 8700: 8691: 8679: 8667: 8658: 8646: 8617: 8608: 8599: 8590: 8570: 8558: 8549: 8540: 8520: 8508: 8507:Cacomistle ( 8499: 8487: 8476:Potos flavus 8475: 8445: 8436: 8427: 8418: 8398: 8386: 8377: 8357: 8345: 8336: 8324: 8312: 8303: 8294: 8285: 8265: 8232: 8173: 8164: 8155: 8146: 8112: 8103: 8083: 8067: 8055: 8043: 8028:(monk seals) 7984: 7975: 7966: 7954: 7942: 7933: 7921: 7909: 7900: 7891: 7865: 7856: 7799: 7791:A. townsendi 7790: 7781: 7773:A. philippii 7772: 7763: 7754: 7745: 7737:A. australis 7736: 7724: 7712: 7695: 7683: 7671: 7650: 7641: 7629: 7617: 7591: 7579: 7539: 7418:U. maritimus 7417: 7416:Polar bear ( 7408: 7407:Brown bear ( 7399: 7397: 7390: 7378: 7366: 7357: 7356:Sloth bear ( 7331: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7245: 7236: 7227: 7218: 7209: 7200: 7191: 7182: 7170: 7159:Cuon alpinus 7158: 7149: 7133:L. mesomelas 7132: 7123: 7111: 7080: 7071: 7062: 7061:Pampas fox ( 7053: 7044: 7035: 7023: 7011: 7002: 6986:S. venaticus 6985: 6973: 6961: 6960:Maned wolf ( 6942:Cerdocyonina 6910: 6909:Fennec fox ( 6901: 6892: 6884:V. rueppelli 6883: 6874: 6865: 6856: 6855:Arctic fox ( 6848:V. ferrilata 6847: 6838: 6837:Corsac fox ( 6829: 6820: 6811: 6810:Bengal fox ( 6789: 6777: 6768: 6756: 6744: 6718: 6717:Island fox ( 6709: 6697: 6630:H. sanguinea 6629: 6620: 6611: 6603:H. ichneumon 6602: 6593: 6581: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6539: 6527: 6518: 6509: 6500: 6483: 6474: 6465: 6456: 6447: 6438: 6430:U. edwardsii 6429: 6421:U. brachyura 6420: 6411: 6399: 6387: 6378: 6348: 6339: 6330: 6322:C. alexandri 6321: 6309: 6297: 6288: 6276: 6264: 6247: 6239:M. gambianus 6238: 6226: 6214: 6198:S. suricatta 6197: 6185: 6160: 6135: 6126: 6114: 6102: 6085: 6076: 6064: 6052: 6022: 6013: 6001: 5989: 5980: 5957:carnivorans) 5938: 5909: 5897: 5885: 5876: 5844: 5832: 5802:Herpestoidea 5765:Herpestoidea 5732: 5724:G. victoriae 5723: 5714: 5713:Cape genet ( 5705: 5697:G. servalina 5696: 5687: 5686:King genet ( 5679:G. piscivora 5678: 5669: 5660: 5651: 5643:G. johnstoni 5642: 5633: 5624: 5615: 5606: 5597: 5579: 5568:P. leightoni 5567: 5558: 5540: 5515: 5506: 5498:V. megaspila 5497: 5489:V. civettina 5488: 5476: 5464: 5455: 5440: 5424: 5397: 5388: 5379: 5367: 5355: 5346: 5337: 5328: 5302: 5293: 5284: 5275: 5173: 5164: 5156:F. margarita 5155: 5146: 5137: 5136:Jungle cat ( 5128: 5119: 5107: 5091: 5082: 5074:P. planiceps 5073: 5064: 5055: 5045:Prionailurus 5043: 5031: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4976:Jaguarundi ( 4960: 4948: 4927: 4918: 4909: 4900: 4888: 4876: 4867: 4858: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4823:L. geoffroyi 4822: 4813: 4812:Pampas cat ( 4801: 4785: 4776: 4764: 4752: 4722: 4713: 4701: 4690:P. marmorata 4689: 4677: 4657: 4632: 4623: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4563: 4551: 4506: 4497: 4480: 4453: 4406:Superorder: 4400:Infraclass: 4322: 4289: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4221: 4202: 4184: 4176: 4163: 4158: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4115: 4111: 4099:. Retrieved 4087:The Guardian 4086: 4077: 4065:. Retrieved 4056:The Guardian 4054: 4044: 4018:. Retrieved 4009: 4000: 3988:. Retrieved 3977: 3968: 3956:. Retrieved 3949:the original 3928: 3924: 3911: 3899:. Retrieved 3888: 3878: 3862: 3820: 3801: 3766: 3747: 3735: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3702:November 12, 3700:. Retrieved 3686: 3677: 3671: 3652: 3642: 3623: 3617: 3608: 3605:"Chapter XI" 3598: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3566: 3561: 3549:. Retrieved 3524:(277): 1–7. 3521: 3512: 3504: 3493: 3473: 3461:. Retrieved 3457:the original 3442: 3432: 3420:. Retrieved 3411: 3401: 3389:. Retrieved 3382:the original 3369: 3365: 3337:. Retrieved 3333:the original 3322: 3312:February 11, 3310:. Retrieved 3301: 3292: 3272: 3243:(2): 53–55. 3240: 3236: 3208:December 20, 3206:. Retrieved 3199:the original 3186: 3167: 3160: 3113:. Retrieved 3077: 3071: 3061: 3019: 2988: 2978: 2971: 2954: 2928:, Denver Zoo 2925: 2906: 2887: 2881: 2874: 2845:November 12, 2843:. Retrieved 2829: 2819:December 21, 2817:. Retrieved 2813:the original 2807: 2800: 2781: 2769:. Retrieved 2762:the original 2744:(1): 85–86. 2741: 2737: 2724: 2704: 2690:Hybrid Bears 2685: 2665: 2653:. Retrieved 2649:the original 2638: 2629: 2603: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2516: 2511: 2492: 2466: 2462: 2431: 2412: 2351: 2347: 2300:. Retrieved 2286: 2280: 2274: 2223: 2195: 2191: 2187:Bunun people 2176: 2133:yama no kami 2130: 2125:yama no kami 2122: 2109:huntsmen as 2104: 2099:area in the 2090: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2073: 2058: 2053: 2038: 2030: 2023: 2013: 2011: 1948: 1943: 1936: 1924: 1912: 1896: 1893: 1886: 1882: 1870: 1862: 1847: 1827: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1807: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1781: 1774: 1762: 1745: 1727: 1721: 1702: 1699:Dvapara Yuga 1682:yama no kami 1668: 1648: 1644:yama no kami 1642: 1640: 1626: 1608: 1604: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1528:Conservation 1509: 1478: 1455: 1305: 1280: 1255: 1244: 1223: 1189: 1183: 1157:Sikhote Alin 1153:Sea of Japan 1150: 1129: 1119:Heilongjiang 1106: 1102: 1098: 1096: 1084: 1080: 1071: 1064: 1018:to mainland 985: 972: 952: 936:giant pandas 933: 921: 915:Ursus arctos 914: 908: 904: 867:Mekong River 846: 838: 832: 818: 810: 800: 777: 768: 760: 721:Cuvier, 1823 717: 710: 692: 682: 673: 644: 613: 583: 553: 548:Description 545:Distribution 514:Pennsylvania 510:Port Kennedy 502: 497: 491: 481: 450: 376: 372: 368: 364: 359: 358: 354: 352: 343: 339: 338: 307: 286: 284: 268: 267: 255: 29: 9987:iNaturalist 9881:Wikispecies 9805:M. sibirica 9787:M. putorius 9760:M. nigripes 9742:M. lutreola 9715:M. haidarum 9611:N. africana 9574:A. congicus 9565:A. cinereus 9556:A. capensis 9456:Sea otter ( 9434:L. provocax 9341:I. striatus 9262:Ictonychini 9157:M. melampus 9069:Wolverine ( 9047:P. pennanti 8970:M. moschata 8961:M. everetti 8907:M. leucurus 8865:A. hoevenii 8856:A. collaris 8806:M. capensis 8701:N. olivacea 8616:Olinguito ( 8572:Bassaricyon 8559:P. pygmaeus 8489:Bassariscus 8462:Procyonidae 8437:S. putorius 8428:S. gracilis 8346:M. mephitis 8337:M. macroura 8231:Red panda ( 8211:Musteloidea 8172:Ross seal ( 8125:Lobodontini 8057:Neomonachus 7985:P. sibirica 7943:P. vitulina 7908:Grey seal ( 7890:Harp seal ( 7782:A. pusillus 7746:A. forsteri 7581:Callorhinus 7515:Pinnipedia 7474:Musteloidea 7246:C. simensis 7210:C. lupaster 7079:Hoary fox ( 7072:L. sechurae 7045:L. fulvipes 7036:L. culpaeus 6932:(true dogs) 6891:Swift fox ( 6866:V. macrotis 6758:Nyctereutes 6667:Caniformia 6612:H. ochracea 6570:B. nigripes 6561:B. jacksoni 6448:U. javanica 6365:Herpestinae 6340:C. obscurus 6331:C. ansorgei 6311:Crossarchus 6167:(mongooses) 6156:Herpestidae 6136:S. durrelli 6127:S. concolor 6077:G. fasciata 6014:E. goudotii 5935:Herpestidae 5845:P. cristata 5706:G. thierryi 5661:G. maculata 5625:G. cristata 5616:G. bourloni 5369:Paradoxurus 5327:Binturong ( 5266:Hemigalinae 5243:Viverroidea 5206:Viverroidea 5165:F. nigripes 5017:Leopard cat 5002:P. concolor 4919:L. pardinus 4868:L. tigrinus 4859:L. pardalis 4850:L. jacobita 4841:L. guttulus 4814:L. colocola 4573:N. nebulosa 4543:Pantherinae 4423:Feliformia 4136:(5): 1272. 3979:Japan Times 3463:October 13, 3422:January 11, 3115:January 15, 2771:October 26, 2302:January 16, 1904:watermelons 1724:Yann Martel 1691:Jambavantha 1522:mating call 1513:Jim Corbett 1485:brown bears 1174:Ussuri krai 1046:islands of 1040:South Korea 1036:North Korea 1004:Afghanistan 990:during the 542:Common name 473:chromosomes 453:sloth bears 302:Subspecies 122:Wrocław Zoo 10210:Categories 9778:M. nudipes 9769:M. nivalis 9733:M. kathiah 9688:M. erminea 9679:M. altaica 9629:N. frenata 9620:N. felipei 9590:Mustelinae 9332:I. libycus 9246:G. vittata 9112:M. caurina 8889:M. anakuma 8767:Mustelidae 8754:Mustelidae 8730:see below↓ 8721:Mustelidae 8618:B. neblina 8529:(raccoons) 8500:B. astutus 8498:Ringtail ( 8474:Kinkajou ( 8446:S. pygmaea 8387:M. marchei 8245:Mephitidae 8113:M. leonina 8005:Monachinae 7976:P. hispida 7967:P. caspica 7764:A. gazella 7696:N. cinerea 7592:C. ursinus 7530:Odobenidae 7483:see below↓ 7463:see below↓ 7447:Pinnipedia 7365:Sun bear ( 7332:T. ornatus 7321:Tremarctos 7297:Ailuropoda 7235:Red wolf ( 7201:C. latrans 7124:L. adustus 7081:L. vetulus 7054:L. griseus 6984:Bush dog ( 6875:V. pallida 6873:Pale fox ( 6857:V. lagopus 6828:Cape fox ( 6708:Gray fox ( 6466:U. smithii 6298:H. parvula 6289:H. hirtula 6177:Mungotinae 6066:Galidictis 6039:Galidiinae 5967:Euplerinae 5950:Eupleridae 5939:sensu lato 5910:C. crocuta 5843:Aardwolf ( 5774:see below↓ 5715:G. tigrina 5688:G. poensis 5670:G. pardina 5652:G. letabae 5634:G. genetta 5532:Genettinae 5516:V. zibetha 5436:Viverrinae 5425:sensu lato 5420:Viverrinae 5389:P. jerdoni 5256:Viverridae 5215:see below↓ 5154:Sand cat ( 4961:A. jubatus 4786:C. caracal 4679:Pardofelis 4498:P. linsang 4439:Feliformia 3653:Amur tiger 3080:: 108385. 2245:References 2165:kuma taiji 1979:animal fat 1975:ripe fruit 1843:insurgents 1695:Treta Yuga 1599:wild boars 1466:brown bear 1458:sloth bear 1436:and adult 1403:pine cones 1077:Bangladesh 994:and early 955:polar bear 911:brown bear 851:sloth bear 801:Until the 558:R. Swinhoe 529:Subspecies 461:karyotypes 420:vulnerable 164:Appendix I 146:Vulnerable 9724:M. itatsi 9658:(weasels) 9521:Lutrogale 9458:E. lutris 9416:L. felina 9225:(grisons) 9148:M. martes 9091:(martens) 9009:Guloninae 8795:Mellivora 8668:N. narica 8609:B. medius 8600:B. gabbii 8591:B. alleni 8579:(olingos) 8548:Raccoon ( 8400:Spilogale 8286:C. chinga 8267:Conepatus 8223:Ailuridae 8022:Monachini 7934:P. largha 7604:Otariinae 7567:sea lions 7562:fur seals 7553:Otariidae 7438:Mustelida 7409:U. arctos 7271:Arctoidea 7228:C. lycaon 7183:C. aureus 7113:Lupulella 7025:Lycalopex 6902:V. vulpes 6900:Red fox ( 6864:Kit fox ( 6839:V. corsac 6583:Herpestes 6196:Meerkat ( 5955:(Malagasy 5857:Hyaeninae 5818:Hyaenidae 5733:G. felina 5147:F. lybica 4959:Cheetah ( 4877:L. wiedii 4866:Oncilla ( 4832:L. guigna 4803:Leopardus 4784:Caracal ( 4777:C. aurata 4712:Bay cat ( 4633:P. pardus 4631:Leopard ( 4606:P. tigris 4564:N. diardi 4482:Prionodon 4382:Kingdom: 4371:Carnivora 4101:April 16, 4067:April 16, 4020:April 16, 3990:April 16, 3901:April 25, 3339:March 17, 3110:266804633 3102:0277-3791 2655:March 20, 2467:U. arctos 2226:Stone Age 1992:Bile bear 1900:bee hives 1802:The Asian 1769:sympatric 1726:'s novel 1651:yamaotoko 1572:bile bear 1434:wild boar 1415:ungulates 1347:mushrooms 1288:sun bears 1251:hibernate 1230:nocturnal 1022:, except 1012:Himalayas 855:Venezuela 705:Indochina 668:Himalayas 477:Old World 457:sun bears 392:Himalayas 373:moon bear 294:G. Cuvier 263:Species: 235:Carnivora 201:Kingdom: 195:Eukaryota 124:, Poland 10117:Species+ 10057:14000988 10005:10223942 9866:Wikidata 9704:Ferret ( 9638:N. vison 9499:L. lutra 9367:(otters) 9361:Lutrinae 9218:Galictis 9130:M. foina 9045:Fisher ( 8933:Melogale 8916:M. meles 8836:Arctonyx 8681:Nasuella 8659:N. nasua 8636:(coatis) 8550:P. lotor 8326:Mephitis 8085:Mirounga 7835:Phocinae 7816:Phocidae 7685:Neophoca 7631:Zalophus 7538:Walrus ( 7237:C. rufus 7219:C. lupus 7199:Coyote ( 7034:Culpeo ( 6975:Speothos 6911:V. zerda 6893:V. velox 6830:V. chama 6541:Bdeogale 6439:U. fusca 6278:Helogale 6248:M. mungo 6187:Suricata 6116:Salanoia 6023:E. major 6003:Eupleres 5834:Proteles 5823:(hyenas) 5587:(genets) 5138:F. chaus 5129:F. catus 5120:F. bieti 5000:Cougar ( 4950:Acinonyx 4928:L. rufus 4926:Bobcat ( 4875:Margay ( 4857:Ocelot ( 4830:Kodkod ( 4751:Serval ( 4714:C. badia 4703:Catopuma 4613:Jaguar ( 4597:P. uncia 4586:Panthera 4553:Neofelis 4471:Feloidea 4402:Eutheria 4396:Mammalia 4390:Chordata 4388:Phylum: 4384:Animalia 4274:19138420 4169:Archived 4095:Archived 4093:. 2016. 4061:Archived 4014:Archived 4012:. 2009. 4010:BBC News 3984:Archived 3982:. 2009. 3945:44707160 3895:Archived 3890:BBC News 3851:Archived 3828:Archived 3775:Archived 3755:Archived 3696:Archived 3551:July 10, 3542:Archived 3416:Archived 3306:Archived 3281:Archived 3261:Archived 3175:Archived 3050:Archived 2996:Archived 2960:Archived 2931:Archived 2911:287–292. 2839:Archived 2789:Archived 2758:86055215 2713:Archived 2693:Archived 2674:Archived 2580:18984857 2472:Archived 2220:Products 2140:nekoguma 2118:munaguro 2112:minaguro 2093:Buddhism 2076:p. 73–74 2071:— 2066:markhoor 2036:— 1971:pumpkins 1967:cassavas 1915:bullocks 1908:pumpkins 1830:Srinagar 1779:— 1758:Florence 1704:Ramayana 1489:Leopards 1462:sun bear 1419:muntjacs 1391:cherries 1323:termites 1235:arboreal 1233:largest 1170:Tunguska 1111:Liaoning 1044:Japanese 1024:Malaysia 1008:Pakistan 863:sun bear 815:Caucasus 751:Thailand 618:Schlegel 588:Blanford 506:Pliocene 442:Taxonomy 432:poaching 388:arboreal 332:Synonyms 241:Family: 225:Mammalia 215:Chordata 211:Phylum: 205:Animalia 191:Domain: 151:IUCN 3.1 10188:Mammals 10176:Animals 10164:Biology 10150:Portals 10044:1005937 9979:2433425 9872:Q124410 9706:M. furo 9651:Mustela 9600:Neogale 9447:Enhydra 9321:Ictonyx 9280:Vormela 9237:G. cuja 9164:Sable ( 9071:G. gulo 9036:Pekania 9021:Tayra ( 8818:Melinae 8630:Nasuina 8522:Procyon 7878:Phocini 7517:(seals) 7452:(seals) 7344:Ursinae 7286:(bears) 7281:Ursidae 7157:Dhole ( 6947:(zorro) 6821:V. cana 6731:Vulpini 6699:Urocyon 6683:Canidae 6475:U. urva 5979:Fossa ( 5899:Crocuta 5581:Genetta 5478:Viverra 5019:lineage 4941:lineage 4910:L. lynx 4766:Caracal 4740:lineage 4738:Caracal 4670:lineage 4668:Bay cat 4654:Felinae 4615:P. onca 4604:Tiger ( 4524:Felidae 4394:Class: 4373:species 4369:Extant 4265:2630947 4138:Bibcode 3719:"Tiger" 3538:3503907 3378:3873015 3257:3872661 3082:Bibcode 2031:shikari 1997:Hunting 1834:Kashmir 1796:in his 1673:Niigata 1628:Kintoki 1578:, China 1576:Huizhou 1562:Threats 1395:dogwood 1351:grasses 1343:garbage 1331:carrion 1308:insects 1294:Feeding 1284:newborn 1226:diurnal 1147:Siberia 1132:Jirisan 1052:Shikoku 1034:and in 1016:Myanmar 967:bipedal 901:, Japan 829:Hybrids 743:Myanmar 639:snout. 575:Taiwan 422:on the 416:Shikoku 384:species 308:7, see 251:Genus: 245:Ursidae 231:Order: 221:Class: 166: ( 149: ( 10109:104029 10096:872580 10018:621850 9953:URSUTH 9940:328069 9914:104985 9396:Lontra 9084:Martes 8359:Mydaus 8253:skunks 7217:Wolf ( 7097:Canina 6927:Canini 6791:Vulpes 6687:(dogs) 6228:Mungos 5542:Poiana 4624:P. leo 4622:Lion ( 4528:(cats) 4298: 4272: 4262: 3943: 3808: 3659: 3630: 3590: 3536: 3485: 3449: 3376: 3255: 3108: 3100: 3027: 2894: 2756: 2578: 2540:317(1) 2523: 2499: 2440: 2204:Tungpu 2200:millet 2192:Aguman 2185:, and 2183:Taroko 2179:Atayal 2159:matagi 2152:matagi 2146:Matagi 2106:matagi 2041:p. 367 1931:circus 1889:Bhutan 1748:(1862) 1717:Ravana 1677:amulet 1497:wolves 1481:tigers 1397:, and 1387:acorns 1367:fruits 1363:tubers 1315:larvae 1312:beetle 1200:, and 1180:Taiwan 1060:Hainan 1056:Taiwan 1048:Honshu 835:hybrid 807:Europe 775:, 1901 747:Mergui 689:, 1901 651:, 1932 649:Pocock 620:, 1857 590:, 1877 560:, 1864 465:ursine 412:Honshū 296:, 1823 10135:18475 10083:80741 10031:22824 10000:IRMNG 9992:41647 9966:17306 9961:EUNIS 9927:7F2JC 9545:Aonyx 9488:Lutra 8878:Meles 8648:Nasua 7923:Phoca 7380:Ursus 7172:Canis 6799:foxes 5109:Felis 4248:: 2. 4199:Brown 4181:Brown 3952:(PDF) 3941:S2CID 3925:Ursus 3921:(PDF) 3741:반달가슴곰 3725:[ 3582:from 3545:(PDF) 3534:JSTOR 3518:(PDF) 3498:Brown 3385:(PDF) 3374:JSTOR 3366:Ursus 3362:(PDF) 3264:(PDF) 3253:JSTOR 3233:(PDF) 3202:(PDF) 3195:(PDF) 3157:Brown 3106:S2CID 2871:Brown 2765:(PDF) 2754:S2CID 2738:Ursus 2734:(PDF) 2542::3-10 2350:[ 2209:Rukai 2196:Duman 2171:taiji 1959:maize 1951:tamed 1940:Brown 1786:Bears 1493:Packs 1427:takin 1423:serow 1399:grain 1383:herbs 1379:honey 1375:seeds 1359:roots 1327:grubs 1247:range 1240:nests 1165:Anyui 1136:Gurye 1126:Korea 1115:Jilin 1093:China 959:trees 923:Ursus 919:genus 899:Kyoto 773:Heude 755:Annam 739:Nepal 735:Assam 687:Heude 518:mtDNA 469:genus 256:Ursus 168:CITES 162:CITES 10200:Asia 10122:3570 10070:9642 10065:NCBI 10026:IUCN 10013:ITIS 9974:GBIF 9948:EPPO 9909:BOLD 9060:Gulo 7956:Pusa 6401:Urva 4991:Puma 4939:Puma 4890:Lynx 4296:ISBN 4270:PMID 4103:2018 4069:2018 4022:2018 3992:2018 3960:2009 3903:2010 3806:ISBN 3704:2009 3657:ISBN 3628:ISBN 3588:ISBN 3553:2012 3483:ISBN 3465:2009 3447:ISBN 3424:2023 3393:2009 3341:2019 3314:2023 3210:2015 3117:2024 3098:ISSN 3025:ISBN 2955:Yama 2892:ISBN 2847:2022 2821:2014 2773:2009 2657:2015 2576:PMID 2521:ISBN 2497:ISBN 2438:ISBN 2304:2022 2287:2020 2238:bile 2232:and 2230:meat 2211:and 2097:Kiso 2062:ibex 1955:rice 1927:pets 1713:Sita 1709:Rama 1499:and 1483:and 1371:nuts 1355:bark 1339:eggs 1335:bees 1161:Khor 1050:and 1006:and 1000:Iran 817:and 753:and 666:the 455:and 430:and 414:and 396:Iran 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