250:"(1) Extending Chinese Exclusion Laws to exclude Japanese and Koreans, except those exempt by the terms of the Chinese Exclusion Act, from the United States and its territories; (2) the members are to pledge not to employ or patronize Japanese or to patronize any person or form employing Japanese or dealing with products coming from such firms; (3) actions of the School Board to adopt a policy segregating Japanese from white children be approved; (4) a campaign calling the attention of the President and Congress to this "menace", be taken over; (5) all labor and civic organizations in the state California are asked to contribute a fixed assessment to the cause."
613:
571:
294:
265:. These laws limited land leases by "aliens ineligible to citizenship." Consecutive amendments followed Webb-Hartley, passed in 1919 and again in 1920, only further restricted the leasing of land. The latter amendment, represented the most demanding measures this far and was praised to close one and for all any and all loopholes that allowed for Asians to gain ownership. It passed overwhelmingly as a ballot initiative and went into effect on December 9, 1920.
656:, where they were confronted by residents armed with clubs and bottles with which they fought back. The organization flourished immediately following the riots, but began to dwindle by the following year. The AEL resurfaced in the early 1920s, this time claiming a membership of 40,000 in the province in the period leading up to the passage of the
174:
of North
America, achieving transnational status and cross-border labor organization. Once the league was started they immediately began working to prevent any increase of Asians along the Western coastlines. The league used strong-arm methods and violence against Asians to try to ensure the rigorous
246:
The league enhanced its activities by recruiting members, pledging political candidates to an exclusion law and by attempting to organize all of the western states in a concerted movement that would force
Congress to grant their aspirations. For the forces against congress the AEL created a platform
150:
published a picture of laborers who collected at the meeting saying: "Some present owned their own little homes; while a majority know what it is to sit with the good wife of an evening, figure on approaching rent day and make up the cash on hand to see if there is enough to carry the family over to
199:
to exclude
Japanese and Koreans from public schools. The San Francisco school board ruled in October 1906, that all Japanese and Korean students would be forced to join their Chinese counterparts at the segregated Oriental School which was established some two decades earlier in 1884. Many Japanese
700:
manufacturers, which sparked an investigation into the local drug scene by King. Particularly alarming to the minister was that opium consumption was apparently spreading to young white women. A federal law was soon passed "prohibiting the manufacture, sale and importation of opium for other than
651:
near
Georgia Street). 4,000 people shouting racist slogans, by the time the riot reached City Hall, it had reached 8,000 people. The crowd marched into Chinatown, vandalizing and causing thousands of dollars' worth of damage. The mob then rampaged through
674:
as well as representatives from six trade unions and the
Vancouver Trades and Labour Council. During this meeting the League issued a program that called for the abolition of all Oriental immigration which later led to a campaign resulting in the
998:
204:. The Treaty did not address education; however, it did guarantee that equal rights be given to Japanese Americans. As part of the Japanese Americans' challenge, they secured the right to attend San Francisco public schools, but as part of the
1045:
704:
Both
Asiatic Exclusion Leagues were the product of an overall atmosphere of white racism against Asians that prevailed in Canada and the United States from the 1800s on, culminating in the imposition of a
729:
In 1908, the
Asiatic Exclusion League reprinted the 1901 pamphlet "Some reasons for Chinese exclusion. Meat vs. Rice. American Manhood against Asiatic Coolieism. Which shall survive?" published by the
155:
also mentioned of resilience coming from the men attending the meeting, angrily ranting against the foreign men who were preventing them from owning homes and achieving a middle class life.
243:, in which the Japanese government agreed not to issue passports for those laborers seeking work in the United States. This ended the immigration of much-maligned Japanese laborers.
1270:. American Federation of Labor printed as Senate document 137 (1902); reprinted with intro. and appendices by Asiatic Exclusion League, 1908 – via HathiTrust Digital Library.
2490:
183:
origin. Their collective aims were to spread false anti-Asian information and to sway legislation towards restricting immigration. In response to their efforts
General
2445:
2097:
2475:
464:
187:, Attorney General for the state of California began to apply a markedly greater effort into enforcing laws that prohibited Asian ownership of property.
2440:
1352:
201:
1150:
2395:
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and expand its provisions to other Asian immigrants. They moved quickly to broaden their goals and aimed to prevent immigration of all people of
1801:
1732:
599:
1742:
1531:
814:
445:
216:
Applying active pressure on
Congress, in March 1907, Congress approved amending existing immigration legislation, thereby allowing President
170:
in their agenda. Advocating for the "white man's country" and the prohibition of Asian labor immigration, the AEL set up branches across the
2246:
472:
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2015:
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326:
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1951:
440:
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556:
2075:
966:
782:
412:
360:
262:
670:
In August 1921, there was a meeting held by the AEL bringing together church leaders, businessmen and veterans from
2085:
2045:
1956:
1283:
Some reasons for
Chinese exclusion: Meat vs. rice; American manhood against Asiatic coolieism. Which shall survive?
839:
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205:
196:
126:
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221:
138:
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321:
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1972:
1946:
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888:
730:
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710:
551:
378:
200:
Americans challenged the school board's ruling by stating that the segregation of schools went against the
696:, was sent to investigate the riots as well as victim claims for compensation. One claim was submitted by
239:
to the continental United States. This was taken together with the Gentlemen's Agreement (1907–1908) with
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1994:
1403:
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689:
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1961:
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804:
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2020:
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925:
Buell, Raymond Leslie. 1992. "The Development of the Anti-Japanese Agitation in the United States."
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373:
110:
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75:
Advocate for the prevention of immigration of people of Asian origin to the United States and Canada
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513:
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2010:
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American Crossroads : Pacific Connections : The Making of the U.S.-Canadian Borderlands
752:
648:
146:
1818:
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536:
224:
122:
56:
1200:
White Canada Forever: Popular Attitudes and Public Policy Toward Orientals in British Columbia
612:
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1989:
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435:
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311:
303:
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999:"The Real Questions Under the Japanese Treaty and the San Francisco School Board Resolution"
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Willmott, W. E. 1970. "Approaches to the Study of the Chinese in British Columbia."
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and other immigration policies designed to exclude Asians from Canada, as well as
1977:
1842:
1687:
1541:
1519:
1492:
1410:
1313:
1249:‘Hop Heads’ and ‘Hypes’: Drug Use, Regulation and Resistance in Canada, 1920–1961
1147:
Discrimination against the Japanese in California: a Review of the Real Situation
208:, the Japanese government agreed to stop issuing passports to Japanese laborers.
184:
130:
60:
1509:
293:
2276:
2195:
2154:
2035:
1830:
1568:
1526:
1286:. American Federation of Labor. 1901 – via UC Berkeley, Bancroft Library.
1267:
Meat vs. rice; American manhhod against Asiatic coolieism, which shall survive?
1261:
507:
2389:
2079:
1675:
1436:
1124:
1069:
1022:
684:
Another important, albeit indirect, consequence of AEL activity was that the
575:
254:
171:
90:
1101:"Race and the San Francisco School Board Incident: Contemporary Evaluations"
632:. Its stated aim was "to keep Oriental immigrants out of British Columbia."
2348:
1604:
1599:
1381:
1202:. 3rd ed. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002, 73.
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117:. Among those attending the first meeting were labor leaders and
986:
Anti-Immigration in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia
2338:
1376:
236:
232:
228:
94:
1962:
Monosodium glutamate controversy (Chinese restaurant syndrome)
89:) was an organization formed in the early 20th century in the
2333:
697:
240:
1213:
ancouver's Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada, 1875–1980.
961:. California: University of California Press. p. 106.
1323:
1046:"The Japanese School Question and the Treaty-Making Power"
227:
that ended migration by Japanese or Korean laborers from
1215:
Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press
2491:
Defunct migration-related organizations based in Canada
1360:
620:
A sister organization with the same name was formed in
643:after listening to inflammatory racist speeches at
158:In December 1907, the organization was renamed the
616:Damage after the September 1907 riot in Vancouver
2387:
28:Japanese and Korean Exclusion League (1905–1907)
1260:
97:that aimed to prevent immigration of people of
2446:Anti-immigration politics in the United States
1802:Union Colliery Co of British Columbia v Bryden
1733:Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)
628:, on 12 August 1907 under the auspices of the
1743:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
1346:
1251:" (PhD thesis). University of Toronto. p. 24.
815:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
593:
473:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
2476:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
988:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 48–52.
862:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
247:of five planks to bring forth to Congress:
16:Anti-immigration group in the US and Canada
1353:
1339:
600:
586:
446:Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act
1595:Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees
733:, adding an introduction and appendices.
688:led to the first drug law in Canada. The
195:AEL framed a campaign geared towards the
611:
109:In May 1905, a mass meeting was held in
2441:1907 establishments in British Columbia
1303:on the Virtual Museum of San Francisco.
1098:
1043:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
2396:History of racism in the United States
2388:
980:
978:
441:Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
1848:Soviet deportations of Chinese people
1334:
1003:American Journal of International Law
956:
724:
910:
882:Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943
451:Canadian immigration and refugee law
115:Japanese and Korean Exclusion League
1952:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
975:
896:United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
877:Anti-Chinese violence in Washington
872:Anti-Chinese violence in California
13:
2426:Riots and civil disorder in Canada
1929:Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
1780:Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886
1764:1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka
830:Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886
14:
2507:
2471:Organizations established in 1905
2436:1905 establishments in California
1307:History of Metropolitan Vancouver
1294:
1050:American Political Science Review
783:California Alien Land Law of 1913
144:Following the first meeting, the
2481:History of immigration to Canada
2466:Immigration to the United States
2451:Anti-Chinese sentiment in Canada
2086:Artificial Intelligence Cold War
2046:2014 Vietnam anti-China protests
1957:1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma
1325:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1180:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
840:Pacific Coast Race Riots of 1907
569:
317:History of immigration to Canada
292:
197:San Francisco Board of Education
104:
2486:Immigration to British Columbia
1738:Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
1274:
1254:
1241:
1226:
1205:
1192:
1105:California Historical Quarterly
867:Anti-Chinese violence in Oregon
857:Anti-Oriental riots (Vancouver)
788:Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
2456:Anti-Asian sentiment in Canada
2324:Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees
1168:
1156:
1145:Johnson, Herbert Buell. 1907.
1139:
1092:
1037:
991:
950:
678:Oriental Exclusion Act of 1923
327:Economic impact of immigration
1:
2113:2024 Papua New Guinean unrest
2076:China–United States trade war
1941:Internment of Chinese-Indians
1854:Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
1247:Carstairs, Catherine. 2000. "
903:
884:, only fully repealed in 1965
794:Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
768:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
758:Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance
692:(and future Prime Minister),
665:Chinese immigration to Canada
639:when League members besieged
483:Immigration and Refugee Board
478:Canada Border Services Agency
347:Provincial Nomination Program
322:Canada immigration statistics
211:
206:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
2461:Immigration to North America
2118:Boycotts of Chinese products
2041:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
1973:1969 race riots of Singapore
1947:1964 race riots in Singapore
1634:2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639)
971:– via ProQuest Ebrary.
889:Takao Ozawa v. United States
731:American Federation of Labor
715:Japanese Canadian internment
711:Japanese American internment
663:, which ended virtually all
190:
162:to include the exclusion of
139:International Seamen's Union
7:
2496:Asian immigration to Canada
2108:2021 Solomon Islands unrest
2098:COVID-19 pandemic incidents
1995:May 1998 riots of Indonesia
1264:; Gutstadt, Herman (1902).
928:Political Science Quarterly
835:Hells Canyon massacre, 1887
810:Rock Springs massacre, 1885
736:
694:William Lyon Mackenzie King
10:
2512:
2103:2021 Atlanta spa shootings
1967:13 May incident (Malaysia)
1935:Chinese Confession Program
1825:Vancouver anti-Asian riots
1769:Chinese head tax in Canada
1716:San Francisco riot of 1877
1176:"Asiatic Exclusion League"
805:San Francisco riot of 1877
763:Chinese head tax in Canada
637:riots erupted in Vancouver
369:History of nationality law
2362:
2304:
2209:
2173:
2137:
2130:
2071:2015 Aksu colliery attack
2021:2008 Kunming bus bombings
2003:
1811:
1668:
1647:
1620:
1613:
1577:
1465:
1419:
1392:The Unparalleled Invasion
1369:
1211:Anderson, Kay J. V1995.V
1163:Vancouver News-Advertiser
1044:Hershey, Amos S. (1907).
630:Trades and Labour Council
268:
261:, commonly recognized as
111:San Francisco, California
71:
52:
32:
24:
2056:April 2014 Ürümqi attack
1865:Second Sino-Japanese War
1694:Chinese massacre of 1871
1590:Asiatic Exclusion League
1320:Asiatic Exclusion League
800:Chinese massacre of 1871
514:Canadians of convenience
160:Asiatic Exclusion League
83:Asiatic Exclusion League
20:Asiatic Exclusion League
2186:Ita Martadinata Haryono
2066:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
2016:Abacus Bank prosecution
1639:Sangley Massacre (1662)
1301:Asiatic Coolie Invasion
1099:Brudnoy, David (1971).
753:Anti-Jap Laundry League
659:Chinese Immigration Act
332:Permanent resident card
147:San Francisco Chronicle
127:Building Trades Council
38:; 119 years ago
2411:Asian-American history
2061:May 2014 Ürümqi attack
2026:July 2009 Ürümqi riots
1819:White Australia policy
1362:Anti-Chinese sentiment
957:Chang, Kornel (2012).
851:Torreón massacre, 1911
617:
537:Demographics of Canada
263:Alien Land Law of 1913
255:Governor Hiram Johnson
123:Patrick Henry McCarthy
57:Patrick Henry McCarthy
2416:Asian-American issues
2375:Hong Kong nationalism
2011:2006 Nukuʻalofa riots
1990:1997 Banjarmasin riot
1785:Hells Canyon Massacre
1758:Rock Springs massacre
1748:Issaquah riot of 1885
1727:Chinese Exclusion Act
1655:1740 Batavia massacre
1457:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
1432:Andrew Jackson Bryant
701:medicinal purposes."
615:
436:Immigration Act, 1976
431:Citizenship Act, 1976
426:Citizenship Act, 1946
421:Immigration Act, 1869
312:Immigration to Canada
177:Chinese Exclusion Act
2421:History of Vancouver
2031:2011 Kashgar attacks
1775:Seattle riot of 1886
1721:New Zealand head tax
1660:1782 Saigon massacre
1399:Japanese nationalism
1009:(2): 273–286. 1907.
984:Arnold, K. R. 2011.
825:Seattle riot of 1886
686:1907 Vancouver riots
488:Public Safety Canada
399:Commonwealth citizen
394:Honorary citizenship
286:Canadian citizenship
2370:Chinese imperialism
2051:2014 Kunming attack
1907:Home Office 213/926
1895:Sook Ching massacre
1883:Japanese war crimes
1859:Wanpaoshan Incident
1753:Tacoma riot of 1885
1710:Trout Creek Outrage
1165:, 7 September 1907.
820:Tacoma riot of 1885
379:Oath of Citizenship
342:Temporary residency
337:Permanent residency
175:enforcement of the
151:the next day." The
119:European immigrants
85:(often abbreviated
21:
1984:Cambodian genocide
1921:Mergosono massacre
1901:Changkiao massacre
1877:Nanshitou Massacre
1682:Lambing Flat riots
1585:Anti-Chinese Union
1515:Racism in Malaysia
1427:Adriaan Valckenier
1387:Chinese emigration
1312:2009-04-15 at the
725:Further references
690:Minister of Labour
618:
552:Population by year
218:Theodore Roosevelt
168:Chinese immigrants
129:of San Francisco,
19:
2406:Japanese diaspora
2383:
2382:
2317:Chinaman's chance
2300:
2299:
2267:Mi Gao Huang Chen
2237:Franklin Feng Tao
2126:
2125:
1888:Three Alls Policy
1699:Pigtail Ordinance
1628:Sangley Rebellion
610:
609:
576:Canada portal
547:Canadian identity
79:
78:
36:May 14, 1905
2503:
2401:Chinese diaspora
2354:Sick man of Asia
2344:Locust/Wongchung
2262:Leung Chi-cheung
2135:
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2093:China Initiative
1871:Nanking Massacre
1837:Torreón massacre
1791:Scott Act (1888)
1705:Page Act of 1875
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1617:
1562:China Initiative
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845:Bellingham riots
635:On 7 September,
626:British Columbia
602:
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574:
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374:Citizenship Test
296:
273:
272:
253:On May 19, 1913
135:Walter Macarthur
65:Walter Macarthur
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1999:
1978:Malari incident
1843:1918 Kudus riot
1807:
1688:Anti-Coolie Act
1664:
1643:
1609:
1573:
1520:Ketuanan Melayu
1493:Racism in Japan
1461:
1415:
1411:De-Sinicization
1365:
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1314:Wayback Machine
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778:Geary Act, 1892
774:Scott Act, 1888
770:, United States
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222:Executive Order
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185:Ulysses S. Webb
131:Andrew Furuseth
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61:Andrew Furuseth
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2210:21st century
2181:Vincent Chin
2174:20th century
2160:Wong Kim Ark
2138:19th century
2004:21st century
1917:(1945–1947)
1912:
1867:(1937-1945)
1812:20th century
1669:19th century
1648:18th century
1621:17th century
1605:Uyoku dantai
1600:Tsagaan Khas
1589:
1532:Nazi Germany
1382:Yellow Peril
1364:(Sinophobia)
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1198:Peter Ward,
1194:
1183:. Retrieved
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529:Demographics
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80:
2349:Shina/Zhina
2329:Ching chong
2292:Michelle Go
2282:Xiaoxing Xi
2272:Sherry Chen
2257:Jiayang Fan
2191:Qian Xuesen
1986:(1975–1979)
1937:(1956–1965)
1909:(1945–1946)
1879:(1942-1945)
1873:(1937–1938)
1821:(1901–1973)
1798:(1892–1943)
1771:(1885–1923)
1729:(1882–1943)
1723:(1881–1944)
1684:(1860–1861)
1614:By incident
1537:Philippines
1442:Hideki Tojo
672:World War I
649:Main Street
413:Legislation
384:Citizenship
361:Nationality
304:Immigration
257:signed the
25:Predecessor
2431:1907 riots
2390:Categories
2287:Yao Pan Ma
2247:Haoyang Yu
2222:Danny Chen
2201:Wen Ho Lee
1466:By country
1370:Background
1235:BC Studies
1185:2024-07-28
904:References
744:Sinophobia
212:Government
181:East Asian
43:1905-05-14
2242:Gang Chen
2232:Eileen Gu
2217:Anming Hu
2155:Mary Tape
2131:By victim
1796:Geary Act
1542:Singapore
1483:Indonesia
1473:Hong Kong
1125:0097-6059
1086:143080810
1070:1537-5943
1023:0002-9300
853:in Mexico
654:Japantown
647:(then on
645:City Hall
641:Chinatown
622:Vancouver
542:Canadians
389:Passports
220:to issue
191:Education
153:Chronicle
33:Formation
2312:Chinaman
1931:(1950s-)
1552:Thailand
1510:Malaysia
1310:Archived
1133:25157338
796:, Canada
790:, Canada
737:See also
707:head tax
465:Agencies
278:a series
276:Part of
101:origin.
2363:Related
2165:Yick Wo
1914:Bersiap
1569:Vietnam
1527:Myanmar
1452:Pol Pot
1447:Suharto
1404:Minzoku
1322:in the
1078:1944277
1031:2186163
945:2142459
847:of 1907
717:during
661:of 1923
137:of the
125:of the
72:Purpose
53:Founder
41: (
2339:Chinky
2227:Ee Lee
1980:(1974)
1969:(1969)
1943:(1962)
1923:(1947)
1903:(1943)
1897:(1942)
1861:(1931)
1839:(1911)
1833:(1907)
1827:(1907)
1804:(1899)
1787:(1887)
1760:(1885)
1712:(1876)
1701:(1873)
1690:(1862)
1678:(1857)
1630:(1603)
1547:Taiwan
1377:Coolie
1131:
1123:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1029:
1021:
965:
943:
501:Issues
269:Canada
237:Hawaii
235:, and
233:Canada
229:Mexico
164:Indian
133:, and
95:Canada
67:et al.
2334:Chink
2305:Slurs
1500:Korea
1488:Japan
1478:India
1129:JSTOR
1082:S2CID
1074:JSTOR
1027:JSTOR
941:JSTOR
698:opium
241:Japan
99:Asian
1505:Laos
1223:128.
1151:p. 9
1121:ISSN
1066:ISSN
1019:ISSN
963:ISBN
776:and
746:and
713:and
166:and
93:and
81:The
1113:doi
1058:doi
1011:doi
933:doi
225:589
87:AEL
2392::
2082:)
1221:p.
1178:.
1149:.
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1109:50
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977:^
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912:^
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681:.
667:.
624:,
280:on
231:,
141:.
121:,
63:,
59:,
2078:(
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1347:t
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1115::
1088:.
1060::
1054:1
1033:.
1013::
1007:1
947:.
935::
601:e
594:t
587:v
516:"
512:"
45:)
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