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The bones of the animals show features that indicate that the animals died of lung failure induced by inhaling volcanic ash. The smaller animals with smaller lung capacity were the first to die, and the larger animals were the last. Bite-marks on some bones show that local predators (the carnivorous
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was walking with his wife Jane through a series of gullies on Melvin Colson's farm in northeastern
Nebraska and made this discovery. The Nebraska Game and Parks Foundation purchased the Ashfall site in 1986. Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park opened in 1991. The site was declared a
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The rapidly accumulating ash, windblown into deep drifts at low places like the waterhole site, remained moderately soft. The ash preserved the animals in three dimensions; not even the delicate bones of birds or the carapaces of turtles were crushed. Above the layer of ash, a
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carry out excavations of new discoveries exactly where the fossilized remains lie preserved. Specially constructed walkways afford visitors an unobstructed close-up view of paleontologists at work during the summer field season.
431:
are so numerous and concentrated that the main section of
Ashfall is called the "Rhino Barn". Other fossils at the "Rhino Barn" include the remains of horses and camels. Taxa discovered in the Ashfall deposits include:
265:, a 360-acre (150 ha) park that includes a visitor center with interpretive displays and working fossil preparation laboratory, and a protected ongoing excavation site, the Hubbard Rhino Barn, featuring fossil
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The first hint of the site's richness was the skull of a juvenile rhinoceros noticed in 1971 eroding out of a gully at the edge of a cornfield. In 1971, University of
Nebraska State Museum paleontologist
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that, due to extraordinary local conditions, capture an ecological "snapshot" in time of a range of well-preserved fossilized organisms. Ash from a
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The
Ashfall deposit preserves the fossilized remains of ancient animals that perished in a dense volcanic ash fall which occurred during the late
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906:"A Late Miocene Accipitrid (Aves: Accipitriformes) from Nebraska and Its Implications for the Divergence of Old World Vultures"
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Cenozoic
Geology of Idaho: "The Bruneau-Jarbidge Eruptive Center, Southwestern Idaho" by Bill Bonnichsen (pages 251-268)
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The park's
Hubbard Rhino Barn opened in 2009. The 17,500-square-foot (1,630 m) pavilion lets visitors observe as
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of grassland interspersed with trees that luxuriated in a warmer, milder climate than today's.
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761:"About Ashfall: Life and Death at a Nebraska Waterhole Ten Million Years Ago"
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831:"New Hubbard Rhino Barn at Ashfall promises unique fossil experience"
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833:(Press release). University of Nebraska State Museum. June 19, 2009
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and evidence of scavenging from a bone-crushing canid, possibly
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The
Ashfall Fossil Beds are especially famous for fossils of
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eruption 10-12 million years ago created these fossilized
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has acted as "caprock" to preserve the strata beneath.
345:, while others retain the contents of their last meal.
703:. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. October 30, 2015
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904:Zihui Zhang; Alan Feduccia; Helen F. James (2012).
763:. Museum Notes. University of Nebraska State Museum
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1828:Miocene paleontological sites of North America
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1798:Protected areas of Antelope County, Nebraska
688:https://en.wikipedia.org/Yellowstone_Caldera
701:"Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park"
635:"Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park"
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975:Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park
969:Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park
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668:. NGPC Map and Data Portal. March 1, 2017
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263:Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park
18:Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park
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649:United States Department of the Interior
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1853:Volcanic eruptions in the United States
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1813:National Natural Landmarks in Nebraska
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885:. University of Nebraska State Museum
785:. University of Nebraska State Museum
1793:Museums in Antelope County, Nebraska
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1818:Natural history museums in Nebraska
1803:Protected areas established in 1986
983:University of Nebraska State Museum
977:University of Nebraska State Museum
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640:Geographic Names Information System
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392:Paleontologists working on the site
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1766:Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
971:Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
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258:. The ash depth was up to 1 foot.
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1808:Fossil parks in the United States
989:Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology
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333:), small three-toed and one-toed
329:(extinct hippo-like relatives of
48:Hills surrounding the fossil beds
981:Ashfall Fossil Beds Skeleton Map
860:. University of Nebraska–Lincoln
759:Voorhies, Mike (February 1992).
65:
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1838:1991 establishments in Nebraska
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690:see that article for references
666:"Ashfall State Historical Park"
645:United States Geological Survey
396:
1222:USFS National Recreation Areas
854:"From Waterhole to Rhino Barn"
724:
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552:(a hawk resembling the living
285:. The Ashfall Fossil Beds are
206:U.S. National Natural Landmark
182:University of Nebraska–Lincoln
164:Nebraska state historical park
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1:
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317:Bruneau-Jarbidge supervolcano
933:10.1371/journal.pone.0048842
7:
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809:National Natural Landmarks
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367:of more erosion-resistant
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155:1,722 ft (525 m)
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1111:National Wildlife Refuges
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783:"About Ashfall: Overview"
732:"Ashfall | Perissodactyl"
409:National Natural Landmark
319:eruption (in present-day
261:The site is protected as
246:sites of the type called
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87:Antelope County, Nebraska
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1823:Paleontology in Nebraska
1073:National Historic Trails
562:(a scavenger related to
307:Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera
1788:State parks of Nebraska
1741:State Recreation Trails
1210:Toadstool Geologic Park
811:. National Park Service
147:360 acres (150 ha)
1405:State Recreation Areas
1349:State Historical Parks
1263:Wild and Scenic Rivers
1205:Hudson-Meng Bison Kill
686:copied from Knowledge
569:three turtle species:
520:one rhinoceros genus:
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301:Bruneau-Jarbidge event
1139:John and Louise Seier
805:"Ashfall Fossil Beds"
391:
377:
194:State Historical Park
128:42.42500°N 98.15861°W
37:State Historical Park
27:Park in Nebraska, USA
1848:2006 in paleontology
1843:1991 in paleontology
1677:Sutherland Reservoir
1627:Red Willow Reservoir
607:List of fossil sites
585:(a musk turtle) and
540:three bird species:
192:Ashfall Fossil Beds
74:Location in Nebraska
35:Ashfall Fossil Beds
1442:Box Butte Reservoir
1361:Ashfall Fossil Beds
1240:National Wilderness
1192:National Grasslands
924:2012PLoSO...748842Z
612:Pipe Creek Sinkhole
546:(a crowned crane),
349:bone-crunching dog
252:Yellowstone hotspot
232:Ashfall Fossil Beds
133:42.42500; -98.15861
124: /
1642:Rock Creek Station
1396:Rock Creek Station
1376:Buffalo Bill Ranch
1182:Samuel R. McKelvie
1045:National Monuments
591:(a painted turtle)
564:Old World vultures
528:one saber-toothed
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1682:Swanson Reservoir
1662:Sherman Reservoir
1582:Merritt Reservoir
1310:Eugene T. Mahoney
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1053:Agate Fossil Beds
883:"Ashfall Animals"
736:research.amnh.org
287:stratigraphically
228:
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97:Nearest town
16:(Redirected from
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1702:Victoria Springs
1632:Riverview Marina
1602:Oliver Reservoir
1517:Gallagher Canyon
1502:Enders Reservoir
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602:Gray Fossil Site
549:Apatosagittarius
543:Balearica exigua
535:Longirostromeryx
411:on May 9, 2006.
404:Michael Voorhies
384:in volcanic ash.
278:from the middle
238:in northeastern
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443:Cormohipparion
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283:geologic epoch
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1833:Lagerstätten
1764:
1748:Cowboy Trail
1727:Willow Creek
1712:Walgren Lake
1657:Schramm Park
1532:Lake Maloney
1522:Johnson Lake
1487:Crystal Lake
1447:Branched Oak
1360:
1330:Platte River
1149:North Platte
1101:Pony Express
1063:Scotts Bluff
915:
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887:. Retrieved
862:. Retrieved
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291:Serravallian
289:part of the
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248:lagerstätten
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229:
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1707:Wagon Train
1672:Summit Lake
1597:Olive Creek
1527:Keller Park
1507:Fort Kearny
1492:Dead Timber
1437:Bowman Lake
1391:Fort Kearny
1366:Arbor Lodge
1340:Smith Falls
1320:Indian Cave
1298:State Parks
1119:Boyer Chute
864:January 10,
815:January 13,
741:January 10,
707:January 13,
485:Aepycamelus
449:Protohippus
170:Established
160:Designation
131: /
107:Coordinates
1782:Categories
1687:Two Rivers
1667:Stagecoach
1617:Pibel Lake
1592:North Loup
1567:Louisville
1457:Brownville
1452:Bridgeport
1427:Blue River
1412:Alexandria
1356:Ash Hollow
1230:Pine Ridge
1081:California
618:References
523:Teleoceras
491:Protolabis
479:Procamelus
467:Pliohippus
429:Teleoceras
381:Teleoceras
326:Teleoceras
268:Teleoceras
213:Designated
119:98°09′31″W
116:42°25′30″N
1562:Long Pine
1557:Long Lake
1477:Conestoga
1159:Valentine
1058:Homestead
837:August 4,
588:Chrysemys
575:(a large
559:Anchigyps
530:musk deer
509:Cynarctus
503:Leptocyon
369:sandstone
352:Aelurodon
256:bone beds
242:are rare
152:Elevation
1732:Windmill
1647:Rockford
1472:Cheyenne
1432:Bluestem
1325:Niobrara
1276:Niobrara
1271:Missouri
1177:Nebraska
1028:Nebraska
952:23152811
911:PLoS One
889:June 13,
789:June 13,
767:June 13,
672:June 13,
596:See also
577:tortoise
500:genera:
476:genera:
440:genera:
240:Nebraska
178:Operator
83:Location
1717:War Axe
1622:Pioneer
1577:Memphis
1462:Calamus
1305:Chadron
1036:Federal
943:3494718
920:Bibcode
556:), and
532:genus:
515:Epicyon
474:camelid
423:Species
365:stratum
357:savanna
313:Miocene
280:Miocene
276:mammals
188:Website
1697:Verdon
1607:Pawnee
1417:Arnold
1200:Oglala
1129:DeSoto
1096:Oregon
1091:Mormon
950:
940:
496:three
472:three
339:camels
335:horses
331:rhinos
244:fossil
1335:Ponca
1290:State
498:canid
438:horse
436:five
343:fetus
321:Idaho
293:-age
948:PMID
891:2020
866:2022
839:2018
817:2017
791:2020
769:2020
743:2022
709:2017
674:2020
488:and
464:and
230:The
216:2006
173:1986
144:Area
1497:DLD
1026:of
938:PMC
928:doi
579:),
234:of
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