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Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights

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2. Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of
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1. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change her/his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest her/his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and
364: 30:. This includes the freedom to change a religion or belief, and to manifest a religion or belief in worship, teaching, practice and observance, subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and " 254: 220: 247: 385: 130: 390: 240: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 89: 214: 82: 138: 187:(no ground for appeal under Article 9 against conviction for sending indecent or grossly offensive material, namely images of aborted foetuses) 170: 215:
Freedom of thought, conscience and religion. A guide to the implementation of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights
263: 199: 18: 146: 106: 31: 229:, a textbook on Article 9 and international law on the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion 85:
was one of the first legal protections for freedom of religion without reference to any specific religion.
174:(permitted to require children to participate in mixed swimming lessons and enforce this through fines) 92:, which influenced the European Convention, declares freedom of religious opinion as a universal right. 232: 65: 122: 75: 114: 8: 27: 23: 226: 71: 162: 154: 183: 379: 158:(legal requirement to display a crucifix in school classrooms permitted) 262: 78:, that established freedom of religion for states, but not individuals. 118:(criminalization of proselytism, as defined in Greek law, permitted) 150:(regarding state information campaigns about a religious movement) 142:(regarding state information campaigns about a religious movement) 134:(no right to refuse supply of contraceptives on religious grounds) 110:(requirement of religious oaths for public office not permitted) 44:
Article 9 – Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
227:
The Protections for Religious Rights: Law and Practice
386:
Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights
391:
Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights
264:
Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights
90:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
74:, beginning in the 16th century in the wake of the 83:First Amendment to the United States Constitution 377: 126:(university ban on Islamic headscarf permitted) 248: 139:Leela Förderkreis E.V. and Others v. Germany 63: 255: 241: 166:(French ban on face coverings permitted) 378: 236: 171:Osmanoğlu and Kocabaş v. Switzerland 217:Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 2007 200:European Convention on Human Rights 19:European Convention on Human Rights 13: 147:Universelles Leben e.V. v. Germany 107:Buscarini and Others v. San Marino 14: 402: 179:High Court of England and Wales: 32:necessary in a democratic society 102:European Court of Human Rights: 223:, a factsheet of ECtHR case law 37: 1: 205: 70:was a principle of European 7: 193: 131:Pichon and Sajous v. France 96: 10: 407: 57: 270: 66:Cuius regio, eius religio 88:Article X of the French 76:Protestant reformation 64: 55: 123:Leyla Şahin v. Turkey 41: 115:Kokkinakis v. Greece 22:provides a right to 221:Freedom of religion 26:, conscience, and 24:freedom of thought 373: 372: 72:international law 17:Article 9 of the 398: 257: 250: 243: 234: 233: 163:S.A.S. v. France 69: 406: 405: 401: 400: 399: 397: 396: 395: 376: 375: 374: 369: 266: 261: 208: 196: 155:Lautsi v. Italy 99: 60: 40: 12: 11: 5: 404: 394: 393: 388: 371: 370: 368: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 271: 268: 267: 260: 259: 252: 245: 237: 231: 230: 224: 218: 207: 204: 203: 202: 195: 192: 191: 190: 189: 188: 184:Connolly v DPP 177: 176: 175: 167: 159: 151: 143: 135: 127: 119: 111: 98: 95: 94: 93: 86: 79: 59: 56: 39: 36: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 403: 392: 389: 387: 384: 383: 381: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 272: 269: 265: 258: 253: 251: 246: 244: 239: 238: 235: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 201: 198: 197: 186: 185: 181: 180: 178: 173: 172: 168: 165: 164: 160: 157: 156: 152: 149: 148: 144: 141: 140: 136: 133: 132: 128: 125: 124: 120: 117: 116: 112: 109: 108: 104: 103: 101: 100: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 68: 67: 62: 61: 54: 50: 46: 45: 35: 33: 29: 25: 21: 20: 314: 211: 182: 169: 161: 153: 145: 137: 129: 121: 113: 105: 51: 49:observance. 47: 43: 42: 38:Article text 16: 15: 380:Categories 360:Article 18 355:Article 17 350:Article 16 345:Article 15 340:Article 14 335:Article 13 330:Article 12 325:Article 11 320:Article 10 212:Murdoch J. 206:Literature 365:Protocols 315:Article 9 310:Article 8 305:Article 7 300:Article 6 295:Article 5 290:Article 4 285:Article 3 280:Article 2 275:Article 1 194:See also 97:Case law 28:religion 58:History 53:others. 81:The 34:". 382:: 256:e 249:t 242:v

Index

European Convention on Human Rights
freedom of thought
religion
necessary in a democratic society
Cuius regio, eius religio
international law
Protestant reformation
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Buscarini and Others v. San Marino
Kokkinakis v. Greece
Leyla Şahin v. Turkey
Pichon and Sajous v. France
Leela Förderkreis E.V. and Others v. Germany
Universelles Leben e.V. v. Germany
Lautsi v. Italy
S.A.S. v. France
Osmanoğlu and Kocabaş v. Switzerland
Connolly v DPP
European Convention on Human Rights
Freedom of thought, conscience and religion. A guide to the implementation of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Freedom of religion
The Protections for Religious Rights: Law and Practice
v
t
e
Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3

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