33:
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Studies and
Exercises in Formal Logic and then (in his own phrase) he got stuck into Principia Mathematica. He learned a lot about the history of the subject from Peirce, whom he found 'unexpectedly magnificent'. An important discovery, in 1950, was Bochenski's PrĂ©cis de Logique Mathematique (Bochenski 1949). Prior was fascinated by the 'very neat symbolic notation' due to Ćukasiewicz, and before long he turned his back completely on the more usual Peano-Russell notation
1125:
Langford's
Symbolic Logic, Bochenski's chapter 'La Logique de la ModalitĂ©' in his La Logique de ThĂ©ophraste, and Feys' article 'Les SystĂšmes FormalisĂ©s des ModalitĂ©s AristotĂ©liciennes'...An important discovery, in 1950, was Bochenski's PrĂ©cis de Logique Mathematique (Bochenski 1949). Prior was fascinated by the 'very neat symbolic notation' due to Ćukasiewicz, and before long he turned his back completely on the more usual Peano-Russell notation.
478:. Smart feared that tense-logic would get Prior "involved in side issues, even straight philosophy, and not in the stuff that will do Oxford most good." Prior was however convinced that tense-logic had the potential to benefit logic, as well as philosophy, and thus he considered his lectures an "expression of a conviction that formal logic and general philosophy have more to bring to one another than is sometimes supposed".
306:, on 4 December 1914, the only child of Australian-born parents: Norman Henry Prior (1882â1967) and his wife born Elizabeth Munton Rothesay Teague (1889â1914). His mother died less than three weeks after his birth and he was cared for by his father's sister. His father, a medical practitioner in general practice, after war service at
1248:
This idea that tensed propositions are liable to be true at one time and false at another became central to Prior's philosophy. In a summary of his views, composed nearly two decades later, he wrote: Certainly there are unchanging truths, but there are changing truths also, and it is a pity if logic
974:
He was influenced for several years by the theologian Arthur Miller, who combined a strict adherence to
Presbyterian doctrine with an equally strong support for socialism and opposition to nationalism. But Prior's pacifism weakened, and he served from 1942 to 1945 in the New Zealand air force. And
935:
He was, at this stage of his life, obsessed with religion. He believed in the virgin birth and the voice of the devil, and was a devout
Presbyterian (Prior 1940)...In later life, however, he described himself as having 'no religious beliefs' (Prior c.1967). In 1961, when Max Cresswellâthen a logic
1124:
This paper was the curtain raiser to Prior's extensive study of Ćukasiewicz's work on modality, and thereafter he read Ćukasiewicz widely...To judge by his references in The Craft, his first encounters with modern symbolic modal logic must have been the pioneering explorations by Lewis in his and
349:
for Prior. In 1936, Prior married Clare Hunter, a freelance journalist, and they spent several years in Europe, during which they tried to earn a living as writers. Daunted by the prospect of an invasion of
Britain, he and Clare returned to New Zealand in 1940. At this point in his life he was a
1093:
Of the four technical papers that marked the explosive beginning of Prior's career as a formal logician in 1952 (1952a-d), two concerned modal logic...His one recourse in the face of isolation was to read, and read he did. In logic he began by returning to W.E. Johnson. Next came J.N. Keynes's
545:, despite very little of Ćukasiewicz's work being translated into English. He went so far as to read untranslated Polish texts without being able to speak Polish claiming "the symbols are so illuminating that the fact that the text is incomprehensible doesnât much matter". He went on to employ
1217:
Prior was fascinated by the 'very neat symbolic notation' due to Ćukasiewicz, and before long he turned his back completely on the more usual Peano-Russell notation...Formal Logic is steeped in Polish notation and the axiomatic method, and typifies Prior's mature
1158:
This paper was the curtain raiser to Prior's extensive study of Ćukasiewicz's work on modality, and thereafter he read Ćukasiewicz widelyâeven material in Polish, saying 'the symbols are so illuminating that the fact that the text is incomprehensible doesn't much
633:, he remarked, can embody folly and confusion as well as the wisdom of our ancestors. He was scrupulous in setting out the views of his adversaries, and provided many constructive suggestions about the formal development of alternative views.
1018:
Jakobsen, D. (2017) The
Significance of the Prior-Smart Correspondence for the Rise of Tense-Logic. In: Hasle, P., Blackburn, P. and ĂhrstrĂžm, P.(eds.): Logic and Philosophy of Time: Themes from Prior. Aalborg University Press: pp. 63-82.
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Jakobsen, D. (2017) The
Significance of the Prior-Smart Correspondence for the Rise of Tense-Logic. In: Hasle, P., Blackburn, P. and ĂhrstrĂžm, P.(eds.): Logic and Philosophy of Time: Themes from Prior. Aalborg University Press: p 78.
497:. Logic in the United Kingdom was then in a rather low state, being "deeply out of fashion and its practitioners were isolated and somewhat demoralized." Prior arranged Logical a Colloquium which brought together such Logicians as
509:
and more. The colloquiums were a great success and, together with Prior's John Locke lecture and his visits around the country, he helped revitalize
British logic. From 1959 to 1966, he was Professor of Philosophy at the
549:
throughout his career. Prior (1955) distills much of his early teaching of logic in New
Zealand. Prior's work on tense logic provides a systematic and extended defense of a tensed conception of
395:
Arthur Prior went to give lectures at
Norwegian universities in September 1969 and on 6 October 1969, the night before he was to deliver a lecture there, he died from a heart attack at
434:, also known as "Jack" Smart, at a philosophical conference in Australia and the two developed a life-long friendship. Their correspondence was influential on Prior's development of
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438:. Smart adhered to the tenseless theory of time and was never persuaded by Prior's arguments, though Prior was influential in making Smart skeptical about
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for it, at a time when modality and intensionality commanded little interest in the English speaking world, and had even come under sharp attack by
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As the son of a doctor, Prior at first considered becoming a biologist, but ended up focusing on theology and philosophy, graduating from the
1303:, New York: Oxford University Press (pp. 519â32 of this volume contain a complete bibliography of Prior's known writings as of date).
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ignores these, and leaves it ⊠to comparatively informal 'dialecticians' to study the more 'dynamic' aspects of reality. (Prior 1996a: 46)
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The following books were either written by Prior, or are posthumous collections of journal articles and unpublished papers that he wrote:
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student aged 21âmet him for the first time, in Manchester, Prior announced: 'Mr Cresswell, isn't it a pity that God does not exist'.
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the central focus of his interests gradually shifted - helped by an occasional bout of atheism - from theology to ethics and logic.
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After divorce from his first wife, he remarried in 1943 to Mary Wilkinson, with whom he would have two children. He served in the
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David Jakobsen (2019): A.N. Prior and âThe Nature of Logicâ, History and Philosophy of Logic, DOI: 10.1080/01445340.2019.1605479
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603:(1967)) the attempt to combine binary (e.g., "until") and unary (e.g., "will always be") temporal operators to one system of
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Copeland, J., (1996) Prior's Life and Legacy, In Logic and Reality, Edited by Copeland, J. Oxford University Press, pp. 6)
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537:, Prior published four major papers on logic in 1952, when he was 38 years of age, shortly after discovering the work of
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categories of fundamental importance for our understanding of time and the world. Prior was several times warned by
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household. His two Wesleyan grandfathers, the Reverends Samuel Fowler Prior and Hugh Henwood Teague, were sent from
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415:, his early criticism of Barth's adherence to Philosophical Idealism, is a mark of Findlay's influence on Prior.
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Andrew Bacon, John Hawthorne & Gabriel Uzquiano, "Higher-order free logic and the Prior-Kaplan paradox",
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411:, under whom he wrote his M.A. thesis on 'The Nature of Logic'. While Prior was very fond of the theology of
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in 1935 with a B.A. in philosophy. While studying for his B.A., Prior attended the seminary at Dunedin's
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Prior was educated entirely in New Zealand, where he was fortunate to have come under the influence of
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442:'s view on pseudo-relations. He became Professor in 1953. Thanks to the good offices of
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in February 1946. His first position was a lectureship which had become available when
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ministry. John Findlay, Professor of Philosophy at Otago, first opened up the study of
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954:. Donald M. Borchert (2nd ed.). Detroit: Thomson Gale/Macmillan Reference USA.
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Arthur Prior Centenary Conference, Balliol College, Oxford, 21 â 22 August, 2014
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aauforlag.dk/UserFiles/file/Logic_and_Philosophy_of_Themes_from_Prior_ONLINE.pdf
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314:âremarried in 1920. There were three more children: Elaine, the epidemiologist
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1175:(2nd ed.). USA: Thomas Gale & MacMillan Reference. pp. 605â609.
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as missionaries in 1875. The Prior family first moved to New Zealand in 1893.
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745:. Second expanded edition by Per Hasle, Peter ĂhrstrĂžm, Torben BraĂŒner &
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392:. He continued his Manchester practice of accepting visiting professorships.
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458:(1957). This is a seminal contribution to the study of tense logic and the
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607:, Priorâas an incidental resultâbuilds a base for later hybrid languages.
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Dr. Mary Prior's (1922â2011) recollection of Arthur Prior's life and work
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Prior's work was both philosophical and formal and provides a productive
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view that the temporal modalities of past, present and future are basic
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Prior, A.N., (1957) Time and Modality, Oxford University Press, p. vii
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1962. "Changes in Events and Changes in Things". University of Kansas.
1238:(Spring 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1207:(Spring 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1148:(Spring 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1114:(Spring 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1083:(Spring 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
925:(Spring 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
518:. From 1966 until his death he was Fellow and Tutor in philosophy at
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Ongoing research on the importance of Prior's philosophy and logic:
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in which propositional statements can change truth value over time.
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731:. Edited by P. T. Geach and A. J. P. Kenny. London: Duckworth.
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as a visiting lecturer he took up a professorship in 1959 at
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Foundations of Temporal Logic The WWW-site for Prior-studies
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from 1943 to 1945 before embarking on an academic career at
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Copeland, B. Jack. Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.).
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An excellent survey of Prior's life and achievement is:
1297:, 1996, "Prior's Life and Legacy," in his edited volume
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Prior stood out by virtue of his strong interest in the
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Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of Arthur Prior
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266:(4 December 1914 â 6 October 1969), usually cited as
720:. Edited by P. T. Geach and A. J. P. Kenny. London:
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in philosophy. These were subsequently published as
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629:between formal innovation and linguistic analysis.
372:After returning to New Zealand following a year at
1254:
1065:Copeland, J (1996), Prior's Life and Legacy, p. 6.
774:Arthur Prior (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
1405:"Some Problems of Self-Reference in John Buridan"
426:in February 1946, filling the vacancy created by
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318:, and Owen. Arthur Prior grew up in a prominent
1336:Logic and Philosophy of Time: Themes from Prior
1022:Logic and Philosophy of Time: Themes from Prior
784:Mary Prior and Arthur Prior, "Erotetic Logic",
1554:Academic staff of the University of Canterbury
1290:The nearest thing to a biography of Prior is:
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675:. Oxford University Press. Based on his 1956
1171:Lejewski, C. (2006). Borchert, David (ed.).
474:against making tense-logic the topic of his
1499:New Zealand emigrants to the United Kingdom
1408:Proceedings of the British Academy 48, 1962
599:. Undertaking (in one section of his book
31:
1449:Academics of the University of Manchester
380:where he remained until he was elected a
350:devout Presbyterian, though he became an
1261:Walter Carnielli; Claudio Pizzi (2008).
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997:. A Brief Overview, accessed 8 June 2019
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738:. Edited by Kit Fine. London: Duckworth.
1439:20th-century New Zealand mathematicians
1236:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1205:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1146:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1112:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1081:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
923:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
892:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
493:, and corresponded with the adolescent
462:of time, in which Prior championed the
310:and in Franceâwhere he was awarded the
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718:The Doctrine of Propositions and Terms
595:He is now said to be the precursor of
533:Almost entirely self-taught in modern
286:, and made important contributions to
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894:(Winter 2022 Edition). Archived from
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481:During his time at Oxford, Prior met
250:Prior's paradox of derived obligation
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16:Logician and philosopher (1914â1969)
1361:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
836:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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1474:Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford
1319:Proceedings of the British Academy
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430:'s resignation. In 1951 Prior met
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341:but decided against entering the
290:, particularly in Prior (1971).
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580:. Prior taught and researched
564:, and the distinction between
1:
1234:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
1203:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
1144:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
1110:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
1079:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
921:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
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647:Logic and the Basis of Ethics
424:Canterbury University College
363:Canterbury University College
143:Canterbury University College
293:
7:
1534:Philosophers of mathematics
994:The Life of Prior (1914-69)
791:(1) (1955): pp. 43â59
584:before Kripke proposed his
359:Royal New Zealand Air Force
247:Prior's intensional paradox
173:Other notable students
10:
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1559:University of Otago alumni
1230:Copeland, B. Jack (2020),
1199:Copeland, B. Jack (2020),
1173:Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1140:Copeland, B. Jack (2020),
1106:Copeland, B. Jack (2020),
1075:Copeland, B. Jack (2020),
951:Encyclopedia of philosophy
917:Copeland, B. Jack (2020),
749:. Oxford University Press.
729:Papers in Logic and Ethics
713:. Oxford University Press.
696:. Oxford University Press.
689:. Oxford University Press.
668:. Oxford University Press.
618:to explain the problem of
1444:20th-century philosophers
1267:. Springer. p. 181.
601:Past, Present, and Future
586:possible worlds semantics
270:, was a New Zealandâborn
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1392:14 February 2015 at the
786:The Philosophical Review
743:Papers on Time and Tense
736:Worlds, Times and Selves
694:Papers on Time and Tense
687:Past, Present and Future
512:University of Manchester
472:J. J. C. Smart
432:J. J. C. Smart
388:in 1966 and appointed a
90:(B.A., 1935; M.A., 1937)
876:, 28 August 1875, p. 7.
854:"Tree â David Chalmers"
651:Oxford University Press
590:Willard Van Orman Quine
522:. His students include
520:Balliol College, Oxford
386:Balliol College, Oxford
278:. Prior (1957) founded
1484:Mathematical logicians
1434:20th-century essayists
1379:31 August 2013 at the
1374:On Prior's Tense Logic
815:(4â5): 493â541 (2016).
614:explored the use of a
562:Charles Sanders Peirce
1529:Philosophers of logic
1524:People from Masterton
1509:New Zealand logicians
1504:New Zealand essayists
1454:Analytic philosophers
539:JĂłzef Maria BocheĆski
378:Manchester University
369:left the university.
339:Knox Theological Hall
1544:Philosophers of time
1539:Philosophy academics
1494:New Zealand atheists
1459:Atheist philosophers
1383:by Patrick Blackburn
948:Cohen, L.J. (2006).
450:, where he gave the
448:University of Oxford
282:, now also known as
1350:Copeland, B. Jack.
677:John Locke lectures
620:non-referring names
530:, and Robert Bull.
476:John Locke lectures
452:John Locke lectures
335:University of Otago
264:Arthur Norman Prior
200:Philosophical logic
133:Analytic philosophy
88:University of Otago
25:Arthur Norman Prior
1549:Philosophy writers
702:Objects of Thought
418:He began teaching
409:J. N. Findlay
298:Prior was born in
1274:978-1-4020-8589-5
874:Adelaide Observer
673:Time and Modality
616:many-valued logic
612:Time and Modality
456:Time and Modality
403:Professional life
397:Trondheim, Norway
288:intensional logic
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233:intensional logic
159:Doctoral students
149:Academic advisors
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1399:Prior's Nachlass
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1356:Zalta, Edward N.
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558:history of logic
514:, having taught
507:CzesĆaw Lejewski
268:A. N. Prior
181:Jonathan Bennett
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1286:Further reading
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898:on 6 March 2023
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422:and logic at
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215:Notable ideas
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163:Max Cresswell
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153:J. N. Findlay
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59:, New Zealand
58:
45:
41:
37:Prior in 1959
34:
29:
22:
19:
1407:
1359:
1335:
1329:
1321:56: 321â349.
1318:
1306:
1298:
1289:
1263:
1256:
1247:
1240:, retrieved
1235:
1225:
1216:
1209:, retrieved
1204:
1194:
1186:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1150:, retrieved
1145:
1123:
1116:, retrieved
1111:
1101:
1092:
1085:, retrieved
1080:
1070:
1049:
1040:
1030:
1021:
1014:
993:
973:
950:
943:
934:
927:, retrieved
922:
912:
900:. Retrieved
896:the original
881:
873:
869:
857:. Retrieved
834:
820:
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809:
804:
788:
785:
780:
742:
735:
728:
717:
705:. Edited by
700:
693:
686:
672:
666:Formal Logic
665:
664:1955, 1962.
646:
640:
637:Publications
624:
611:
609:
600:
597:hybrid logic
594:
571:
565:
555:
535:formal logic
532:
516:Osmund Lewry
480:
455:
444:Gilbert Ryle
440:Wittgenstein
417:
406:
394:
371:
356:
343:Presbyterian
332:
297:
267:
263:
262:
243:Prior's tonk
228:hybrid logic
139:Institutions
101:Clare Hunter
70:(1969-10-06)
18:
1519:Ontologists
1429:1969 deaths
1424:1914 births
1403:A.N. Prior
707:P. T. Geach
582:modal logic
578:modal logic
503:Peter Geach
499:John Lemmon
495:Saul Kripke
491:John Lemmon
483:Peter Geach
468:ontological
460:metaphysics
436:tense logic
428:Karl Popper
367:Karl Popper
304:New Zealand
280:tense logic
276:philosopher
223:Tense logic
205:modal logic
1418:Categories
1182:0028657853
991:Per Hasle
754:References
464:A-theorist
420:philosophy
413:Karl Barth
49:1914-12-04
1479:Lecturers
1469:Ethicists
722:Duckworth
610:His work
320:Methodist
316:Ian Prior
308:Gallipoli
300:Masterton
294:Biography
116:Ian Prior
112:Relatives
84:Education
76:Trondheim
57:Masterton
1390:Archived
1377:Archived
1159:matter'.
970:61151356
929:10 March
902:16 March
567:de dicto
528:Kit Fine
272:logician
167:Kit Fine
78:, Norway
1358:(ed.).
1242:9 March
1211:9 March
1152:9 March
1118:9 March
1087:9 March
859:22 July
833:(ed.).
627:synergy
551:reality
352:atheist
324:England
95:Spouses
1410:(1963)
1314:1970,
1271:
1179:
968:
958:
741:2003.
734:1977.
727:1976.
716:1976.
699:1971.
692:1968.
685:1967.
671:1957.
657:
645:1949.
390:Reader
382:Fellow
374:Oxford
128:School
1354:. In
1218:work.
829:. In
573:de re
347:logic
1269:ISBN
1244:2021
1213:2021
1177:ISBN
1154:2021
1120:2021
1089:2021
966:OCLC
956:ISBN
931:2021
904:2023
861:2020
709:and
655:ISBN
570:and
541:and
485:and
274:and
65:Died
43:Born
793:doi
576:in
384:of
326:to
1420::
1246:,
1215:,
1185:.
1156:,
1132:^
1122:,
1091:,
1058:^
1002:^
982:^
972:.
964:.
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890:.
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813:46
789:64
762:^
649:.
622:.
592:.
526:,
505:,
501:,
399:.
302:,
1364:.
1339:.
1277:.
1025:.
1019:(
906:.
863:.
839:.
799:.
795::
724:.
679:.
661:)
653:(
51:)
47:(
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