Art film - Knowledge

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between popular taste and high culture, these film critics are expected to explain unfamiliar concepts and make them appealing to cultivate a more discerning movie-going public. For example, a film critic can help the audience—through their reviews—think seriously about films by providing the terms of analysis of these art films. Adopting an artistic framework of film analysis and review, these film critics provide viewers with a different way to appreciate what they are watching. So when controversial themes are explored, the public will not immediately dismiss or attack the movie where they are informed by critics of the film's value such as how it depicts realism. Here, art theaters or art houses that exhibit art films are seen as "sites of cultural enlightenment" that draw critics and intellectual audiences alike. It serves as a place where these critics can experience culture and an artistic atmosphere where they can draw insights and material.

706:, the "1950s and 1960s was the time of the art film's greatest influence. After that, the influence waned. Hollywood absorbed the lessons of the European films and incorporated those lessons into their films." Corman states that "viewers could see something of the essence of the European art cinema in the Hollywood movies of the seventies... , art film, which was never just a matter of European cinema, increasingly became an actual world cinema—albeit one that struggled to gain wide recognition". Corman notes that, "Hollywood itself has expanded, radically, its aesthetic range... because the range of subjects at hand has expanded to include the very conditions of image-making, of movie production, of the new and prismatic media-mediated experience of modernity. There's a new audience that has learned about art films at the video store." Corman states that "there is currently the possibility of a rebirth" of American art film. 804: 198: 715:

the film into a series of "causally related events taking place in space and time", with every scene driving towards a goal. The plot of mainstream films is driven by a well-defined protagonist, fleshed out with clear characters, and strengthened with "question-and-answer logic, problem-solving routines, deadline plot structures". The film is then tied together with fast pacing, a musical soundtrack to cue the appropriate audience emotions, and tight, seamless editing.

2515:, which won the 2010 Cannes Palme d'Or, "ties together what might just be a series of beautifully shot scenes with moving and funny musings on the nature of death and reincarnation, love, loss, and karma". Weerasethakul is an independent film director, screenwriter, and film producer, who works outside the strict confines of the Thai film studio system. His films deal with dreams, nature, sexuality, including his own homosexuality, and Western perceptions of 8140: 556: 189: 8150: 1834: 341: 470:

segment of the American film going public was wearying of mainstream Hollywood films", and they went to the newly created art-film theaters to see "alternatives to the films playing in main-street movie palaces". Films shown in these art cinemas included "British, foreign-language, and independent American films, as well as documentaries and revivals of Hollywood classics". Films such as Rossellini's

47: 2856:: "He has completed eleven features, all ticking the boxes of studio entertainment, yet indelibly marked with the kind of personal themes and obsessions that are more traditionally the preserve of the art house: the passage of time, the failures of memory, our quirks of denial and deflection, the intimate clockwork of our interior lives, set against landscapes in which the fault lines of late 170:. For promotion, art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics' reviews; discussion of the film by arts columnists, commentators, and bloggers; and word-of-mouth promotion by audience members. Since art films have small initial investment costs, they only need to appeal to a small portion of mainstream audiences to become financially viable. 2182:(1994) explored the theme of identity. The former is an independent road movie/buddy film about two young street hustlers, which explores the theme of the search for home and identity. It was called a "high-water mark in '90s independent film", a "stark, poetic rumination", and an "exercise in film experimentation" of "high artistic quality". 2957:

explores the gulf between the veneer of small-town respectability and the seedier layers of life lurking beneath its surface. The show is difficult to place in a defined television genre; stylistically, it borrows the unsettling tone and supernatural premises of horror films and simultaneously offers

2357:(1994–2002) is a cycle of five symbolic, allegorical films that creates a self-enclosed aesthetic system, aimed to explore the process of creation. The films are filled with allusions to reproductive organs and sexual development, and use narrative models drawn from biography, mythology, and geology. 764:

There are scholars who point out that mass market films such as those produced in Hollywood appeal to a less discerning audience. This group then turns to film critics as a cultural elite that can help steer them towards films that are more thoughtful and of a higher quality. To bridge the disconnect

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Film scholar David Bordwell outlined the academic definition of "art film" in a 1979 article entitled "The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film Practice", which contrasts art films with the mainstream films of classical Hollywood cinema. Mainstream Hollywood-style films use a clear narrative form to organize

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blockbuster films. Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film, one that typically uses lesser-known film actors or even amateur actors, and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas, exploring new narrative techniques, and attempting

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called it an ambitious mainstream film. Some films on this list have most of these characteristics; other films are commercially made films, produced by mainstream studios, that nevertheless bear the hallmarks of a director's "auteur" style, or which have an experimental character. The films on this

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The story in an art film often has a secondary role to character development and exploration of ideas through lengthy sequences of dialogue. If an art film has a story, it is usually a drifting sequence of vaguely defined or ambiguous episodes. There may be unexplained gaps in the film, deliberately

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In the late 1940s, the U.S. public's perception that Italian neorealist films and other serious European fare were different from mainstream Hollywood films was reinforced by the development of "arthouse cinemas" in major U.S. cities and college towns. After the Second World War, "...a growing

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images throughout, including spinning wire models of a human head and rotating double-sided masks. In the 1920s, film societies began advocating the notion that films could be divided into "entertainment cinema directed towards a mass audience and a serious art cinema aimed at an intellectual

2068:, can be considered the beginning of contemporary animation. The characters' masks erase all human personality and give the impression of total control over the "matter" of the image and its optical composition, using distorted areas, obscure visions, metamorphoses, and synthetic objects. 773:

The following list is a small, partial sample of films with "art film" qualities, compiled to give a general sense of what directors and films are considered to have "art film" characteristics. The films in this list demonstrate one or more of the characteristics of art films: a serious,

699:". Paglia states that young people from the 2000s do not "have patience for the long, slow take that deep-think European directors once specialized in", an approach which gave "luxurious scrutiny of the tiniest facial expressions or the chilly sweep of a sterile room or bleak landscape". 521:. Many also engaged in their work with the social and political upheavals of the era, making their radical experiments with editing, visual style and narrative part of a general break with the conservative paradigm. Some of the most prominent pioneers among the group, including 2986:

television series explores the dark and sometimes satirical themes in modern society, particularly with regard to the unanticipated consequences of new technologies; while classified as "speculative fiction", rather than art television, it received rave reviews. HBO's

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Mainstream films also deal with moral dilemmas or identity crises, but these issues are usually resolved by the end of the film. In art films, the dilemmas are probed and investigated in a pensive fashion, but usually without a clear resolution at the end of the film.

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films of the past, Dominik's unconventional epic perhaps more accurately details the outlaw's relinquishing psyche during the final months of his life as he succumbs to the paranoia of being captured and develops a precarious friendship with his eventual assassin,

2019:-style thriller-mystery filled with symbolism and metaphors about polarized worlds and inhabited by distorted characters who are hidden in the seamy underworld of a small town, became surprisingly successful considering its highly disturbing subject matter. 572:

The French New Wave movement continued into the 1960s. During the 1960s, the term "art film" began to be much more widely used in the United States than in Europe. In the U.S., the term is often defined very broadly to include foreign-language (non-English)

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Some of these early, artistically oriented films were financed by wealthy individuals rather than film companies, particularly in cases where the content of the film was controversial or unlikely to attract an audience. In the late 1940s, UK director

250:(1925) was a revolutionary propaganda film he used to test his theories of using film editing to produce the greatest emotional response from an audience. The international critical renown that Eisenstein garnered from this film enabled him to direct 2608:, picking up unwary men for sex, harvesting their flesh and stripping them of their humanity. Dealing with themes such as sexuality, humanity, and objectification, the film received positive reviews and was hailed by some as a masterpiece; critic 731:

unclear sequences, or extraneous sequences that are not related to previous scenes, which force the viewer to subjectively make their own interpretation of the film's message. Art films often "bear the marks of a distinctive visual style" and the

2444:'s career (and in turn, much of modern European cinema) are present here: high-wire acting, innovative visual techniques, a suffering heroine, issue-grappling drama, and a galvanising shot of controversy to make the whole thing unmissable". 2539:, a message was posted about the theater's no-refund policy due to "some customer feedback and a polarized audience response" to the film. The theater stated that it "stands behind this ambitious work of art and other challenging films". 2255:

was shot in a minimalist style, with long takes, a leisurely pace, and long periods of silence. The film is also notable for its use of long shots and overhead shots to create a sense of distance between the audience and the characters.

162:, a critically acclaimed 1994 art film, "largely a cerebral experience" that one enjoys "because of what you know about film". That said, some art films may widen their appeal by offering certain elements of more familiar genres such as 90:. It is "intended to be a serious, artistic work, often experimental and not designed for mass appeal", "made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit", and containing "unconventional or highly symbolic content". 735:

approach of the director. An art cinema film often refuses to provide a "readily answered conclusion", instead putting to the cinema viewer the task of thinking about "how is the story being told? Why tell the story in this way?"

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and other mental disorders while also showing a family's reaction to an approaching planet that could collide with the Earth. The movie was well received, some claiming it to be Von Trier's masterpiece with others highlighting

2430:(1994), deal with human relationships and how people cope with them in their day-to-day lives. The trilogy of films was called "explorations of spirituality and existentialism" that created a "truly transcendent experience". 2498:"may be the key to all of the Adam Sandler films, and may liberate Sandler for a new direction in his work. He can't go on making those moronic comedies forever, can he? Who would have guessed he had such uncharted depths?" 722:

and authorial expressiveness". Art films deviate from the mainstream "classical" norms of film making in that they typically deal with more episodic narrative structures with a "loosening of the chain of cause and effect".

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is portrayal of one normal teenager life that evacuated from China to Taiwan which affacted by political situation, school situation, and family situation that make a main protagonist murders a girl in the end. In 1992,

2325:(1991) is a drama about the theme of identity and a political allegory about the East/West split in Europe; the film features stylised cinematography, an ethereal atmosphere, and unexplained supernatural elements. 1178:(1954), which tells the story of two aristocratic children sold into slavery; in addition to dealing with serious themes such as the loss of freedom, the film features beautiful images and long, complicated shots. 140:(e.g. German national cinema) are used instead. Since they are aimed at small, niche-market audiences, art films rarely acquire the financial backing that would permit the large production budgets associated with 1236:(1960), influential for its landscape photography and framing techniques, follows the disappearance of a young upper-class woman during a boating trip, and the subsequent search by her lover and her best friend; 319:

formed a film society and imported films they thought were "artistic achievements", such as "Soviet films of dialectical montage, and the expressionist films of the Universum Film A.G. (UFA) studios in Germany".

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film, a 1970s experimental underground film, a European auteur film, a U.S. "independent" film, and even a mainstream foreign-language film (with subtitles) might all fall under the rubric of "art house films".

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artists. The Dadaists used film to transcend narrative storytelling conventions, bourgeois traditions, and conventional Aristotelian notions of time and space by creating a flexible montage of time and space.

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also argues that "art film" is a film genre. He claims that a film is considered to be an art film based on artistic status in the same way film genres can be based on aspects of films such as their budgets

2127:(1990) depicted his imaginative reveries in a series of vignettes that range from idyllic pastoral country landscapes to horrific visions of tormented demons and a blighted post-nuclear war landscape. The 101:; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director; and a focus on the thoughts, dreams, or motivations of characters, as opposed to the unfolding of a clear, goal-driven story. Film scholars 1146:, explores social changes of the era by telling the story of an aging couple who travel to Tokyo to visit their grown children, but find the children are too self-absorbed to spend much time with them. 816:

In the 1920s and 1930s, filmmakers did not set out to make "art films", and film critics did not use the term "art film". However, there were films that had sophisticated aesthetic objectives, such as

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Arthouse cinemas that specialized in the presentation of art films emerged on the east coast of the United States towards the end of the 1920s. Such cinemas were widespread in both the USA and Europe.

4670: 962:(1954), a film about a young woman who is forced to go to work for a cruel and inhumane circus performer to support her family, and eventually comes to terms with her situation; Carl Theodor Dreyer's 1415:

of the same name. The film is also about artistic freedom and the possibility and necessity of making art for, and in the face of, a repressive authority. A cut version of the film was shown at the

2249:(1997), which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, tells a similar tale with a different twist; both films are about a man trying to hire a person to bury him after he commits suicide. 634:

that were deemed commercially viable. When major motion-picture studios noted the niche appeal of independent films, they created special divisions dedicated to non-mainstream fare, such as the

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scholars typically define an art film as possessing "formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films". These qualities can include (among other elements) a sense of

2093:. The film shows the history of Taiwan through one family, and marks another step of the Taiwanese New Wave, which tends to depict realistic, down-to-earth life in both urban and rural Taiwan. 2944:, also have "a loosening of causality, a greater emphasis on psychological or anecdotal realism, violations of classical clarity of space and time, explicit authorial comment, and ambiguity". 2804:

inspired by his childhood living in 1970s Mexico. Shot in black-and-white, it deals with themes shared with Cuarón's past films, such as mortality and class. The film was distributed through

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series, with its deft flashbacks and gritty social realism, ...... a single film produced over the past 35 years that is arguably of equal philosophical weight or virtuosity of execution to

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explored: an alienated population living in a violent, decaying society. The gritty violence and seething rage of Scorsese's film contrasts other films released in the same period, such as

1905:, which involves multiple stories of people who are trying to find moral and spiritual simplicity while facing dire issues and thoughts surrounding the choices they make. French director 1204:

work. Godard, a leading figure of the French New Wave, would continue to make innovative films throughout the decade, proposing a whole new style of film-making. Following the success of

994:(1959) by François Truffaut, whose main character is a young man trying to come of age despite abuse from his parents, schoolteachers, and society, this film is the first big step in the 613:, but is sometimes used very loosely to refer to the broad range of films shown in repertory theaters or "art house cinemas". With this approach, a broad range of films, such as a 1960s 1264:(1966), his first English-language film, which examines issues of perception and reality as it follows a young photographer's attempt to discover whether he had photographed a murder. 2519:

and Asia. Weerasethakul's films display a preference for unconventional narrative structures (such as placing titles/credits at the middle of a film) and for working with non-actors.

2145:, features various literary allusions in an enigmatic story about a writer who encounters a range of bizarre characters, including an alcoholic, abusive novelist and a serial killer. 795:

list are notable either because they won major awards or critical praise from influential film critics, or because they introduced an innovative narrative or film-making technique.

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home video. In the middle of the decade, Japanese director Akira Kurosawa used realism to portray the brutal, bloody violence of Japanese samurai warfare of the 16th century in

1384:(1967) are notable for their naturalistic, elliptical style. Spanish director Luis Buñuel also contributed heavily to the art of film with shocking, surrealist satires such as 774:

non-commercial, or independently made film that is not aimed at a mass audience. Some of the films on this list are also considered to be "auteur" films, independent films, or

5280: 4876: 2337:(1998) is an "incredibly complex and ambiguous film filled with both incredible style and substance" about a paranoid mathematician's "search for peace". The film creates a 1058:

and naturalism, with a keen eye on the social-political climate of the times. This movement is distinct from mainstream commercial cinema and began around the same time as

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might also qualify as "artistic television", as it has garnered a greater amount of critical attention from academics than most television shows receive. For example, the

513:. Although never a formally organized movement, New Wave filmmakers were linked by their self-conscious rejection of classical cinematic form and their spirit of youthful 4794: 5457: 2464: 1172:, is a ghost story set in the late 16th century, which tells the story of peasants whose village is in the path of an advancing army. A year later, Mizoguchi directed 1226:, by François Truffaut, deconstructed a complex relationship of three individuals through innovative screenwriting, editing, and camera techniques. Italian director 948:, which observes a passionate love affair between an upper-class man and a middle-class woman amidst the social and economic issues that Britain faced at the time. 626:

By the 1980s and 1990s, the term "art film" became conflated with "independent film" in the U.S., which shares many of the same stylistic traits. Companies such as

1130:(1950), the first Japanese film to be widely screened in the West, depicts four witnesses' contradictory accounts of a rape and murder. In 1952, Kurosawa directed 886:

that transcends the conventions of its genre by creating a biting and tragic satire of French upper-class society in the years before WWII; a poll of critics from

2347:-like world" shot in "black-and-white, which lends a dream-like atmosphere to all of the proceedings" and explores issues such as "metaphysics and spirituality". 3624: 988:(1957), by Ingmar Bergman, whose narrative concerns an elderly medical doctor, who is also a professor, whose nightmares lead him to re-evaluate his life; and 5399: 1603:

Another feature of 1970s art films was the return to prominence of bizarre characters and imagery; which abound in the tormented, obsessed title character in

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The 1960s was an important period in art film, with the release of a number of groundbreaking films giving rise to the European art cinema. Jean-Luc Godard's

4674: 5230: 666:. Film critics have debated whether films from these divisions can be considered "independent films", given they have financial backing from major studios. 5213: 3567: 2962:, melodramatic presentation of the morally dubious activities of its quirky characters. The show represents an earnest moral inquiry distinguished by both 4098: 2970:, incorporating highly stylised vignettes, surrealist and often inaccessible artistic images alongside the otherwise comprehensible narrative of events. 5153: 1837:

While extensive sets are associated more with mainstream than with art films, Japanese director Akira Kurosawa had many sets built for his 1985 film

3393: 2005:(1985) is a comedy-thriller that depicts a man's baffling adventures in a surreal nighttime world of chance encounters with mysterious characters. 5514: 5058: 3722: 1433:(1968) wowed audiences with its scientific realism, pioneering use of special effects, and unusual visual imagery. In 1969, Andy Warhol released 1600:(1978), shared many traits with Tarkovsky, such as his long, lingering shots of natural beauty, evocative imagery, and poetic narrative style. 2220:, second generation of Taiwanese New Wave, it has his unique style of filmmaking like alienation, slow movement of actor (his recurring cast, 1282:(1963), which deal with such themes as emotional isolation and a lack of communication. His films from the second half of the decade, such as 4696: 7958: 4322: 3137: 2117: 2025: 5195: 4082: 4037: 4842: 2834:) was also gaining momentum during this era as an alternative to mainstream animated features alongside the works of acclaimed animators 2511: 1340:(1960) depicts a succession of nights and dawns in Rome as witnessed by a cynical journalist, this film is a bridge between his previous 3288: 5569: 4257: 4010: 3894: 3861: 3172: 2233:(1996) is an original high art cinema piece about a man who strives to "unite" the world's races until his last breath. One year after 1960: 1875:

for television in 1988, a film series that explores ethical issues and moral puzzles. Two of these films were released theatrically as

1558:'s taboo-breaking, sexually-explicit and controversial film. At the same time, other directors made more introspective films, such as 6706: 5271: 5552: 5127: 4998: 3834: 3561: 1475:

plays five different characters, was banned by Soviet authorities, unavailable in the West for a long period, and praised by critic

7494: 4880: 3659: 3546: 5181: 4512: 3507: 1503:'s literary works, where story is told in a poetic narrative style, full of symbolic scenes with philosophical meanings. In Iran, 4293: 3368: 4903: 1437:, the first adult art film depicting explicit sex to receive wide theatrical release in the United States. According to Warhol, 6893: 4802: 2303:(1993) explores themes of chance, death, and infidelity by tracing 10 parallel and interwoven stories. The film, which won the 2186:

explores themes of identity, disconnection, loneliness, and isolation in the "metaphoric concrete jungle" of modern Hong Kong.

1252:(1962), about a young woman who is unable to form a solid relationship with her boyfriend because of his materialistic nature; 252: 5601: 5253: 2754: 5461: 6354: 6143: 5295: 2162:

Other directors in the 1990s explored philosophical issues and themes such as identity, chance, death, and existentialism.

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to an extreme to portray a boxer's decline from a prizewinning young fighter to an overweight, "has-been" nightclub owner.

1054:" or "Indian New Wave". This was an alternative to the mainstream commercial cinema. It was known for its serious content, 547:. Auteur theory holds that the director is the "author" of his films, with a personal signature visible from film to film. 328:, a French avant-garde film movement in the 1920s and 1930s, also influenced the development of the idea of art film. The 4532: 3247: 2928:

or style which shares some of the same traits as art films, has been identified. Television shows, such as David Lynch's

4564: 2121:(1989) and created films with bizarre alternative worlds and elements of surrealism. Japanese director Akira Kurosawa's 7941: 6711: 5231:

The Criterion Channel's July 2021 Lineup Includes Wong Kar Wai, Neo-Noir, Art-House Animation & More|The Film Stage

5099: 3806: 3162: 1915:, which depicts the occupying Nazi government's deportation of French Jews to concentration camps during World War II. 5365: 4062: 3981: 3950: 3517: 2494:

film", a reference to the unlikely inclusion of "frat boy" comic Sandler in the film; critic Roger Ebert claims that

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and for cinema, it showed that films can be made with little money, amateur actors, and a small crew. In Poland, the

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Marinetti, F. T.; Corra, Bruno; Settimelli, Emilio; Ginna, Arnaldo; Balla, Giacomo; Chiti, Remo (15 November 1916).

2468:(2007) is "a fascinating, literary-based work that succeeds as both art and genre film". Unlike the action-oriented 2190:

explored the life of a suburban housewife and her eventual death from toxic materials in the 1995 critical success,

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In the 1930s and 1940s, Hollywood films could be divided into the artistic aspirations of literary adaptations like

5407: 2657: 1152:(1954), by Kurosawa, tells the story of a farming village that hires seven master-less samurais to combat bandits. 872:

and groundbreaking cinematography to create an exaggerated, fairy-tale-like world rich with symbolism and imagery.

778:. In some cases, critics disagree over whether a film is mainstream or not. For example, while some critics called 3688: 2440:(1996) as one of its top 25 arthouse films. The reviewer stated that "ll the ingredients that have come to define 1320:(1962), inspired discussions about war and raised existential questions on behalf of their everyman protagonists. 1162:, explores the Japanese experience in World War II by depicting a sick Japanese soldier struggling to stay alive. 8214: 7058: 6138: 3604: 444:(1940), and the money-making "popular-genre films" such as gangster thrillers. William Siska argues that Italian 5574: 4132: 2321: 7921: 6267: 6078: 4202: 2813: 2783: 2159:

that explores fantasy worlds, bizarre time-space transformations, and mental breakdowns using surreal imagery.

1688: 1572:. In 1975 and 1979 respectively, Tarkovsky directed two other films, which garnered critical acclaim overseas: 1392: 1354:, an exploration of creative, marital and spiritual difficulties, filmed in black-and-white by cinematographer 1154: 17: 4106: 7677: 7404: 7021: 6329: 5873: 5696: 4768: 4495: 3072: 2585: 2366: 1847:

Other directors in the 1980s chose a more intellectual path, exploring philosophical and ethical issues like

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in 1963, which it shown his view on studio filmmaking system, beautiful long take, and film within film, and

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Some 1990s films mix an ethereal or surreal visual atmosphere with the exploration of philosophical issues.

2370:, a war film that uses poetry and nature to stand apart from typical war movies. It was nominated for seven 275:(1930), filmed under the influence of Eisenstein, is defined by some critics as the pinnacle of art cinema. 8060: 7292: 7267: 6118: 6098: 1796:, or what it means to be human. A box-office failure, the film became popular on the arthouse circuit as a 1429: 152:

films, which are usually geared more towards linear storytelling and mainstream entertainment. Film critic

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Irimias comes back to a village at an unspecified location in Hungary, presenting himself as a leader and

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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company: 2009.

2824: 2748: 1826: 1665: 861: 745: 655: 149: 3400: 1945:, a new television channel, financed, in whole or in part, many films released theatrically through its 8209: 8179: 7832: 7439: 7282: 5927: 5047: 4798: 4622: 3092: 2772: 2693: 2579: 2454: 1883: 822: 809: 739:

Bordwell claims that "art cinema itself is a genre, with its own distinct conventions". Film theorist

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Kieślowski was not the only director to transcend the distinction between the cinema and television.

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chose another moral path to explore with the dramatization of his real-life childhood experiences in

1613: 1544: 1463: 1416: 1300:(1969), deal with the idea of film as an artifice. The intellectual and visually expressive films of 1016: 924: 490: 8184: 7344: 6364: 6359: 6227: 6068: 5691: 5484: 4951: 4371: 3191: 3157: 3152: 2898: 2872:

Criticisms of art films include being too pretentious and self-indulgent for mainstream audiences.

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Another approach used by directors in the 1980s was to create bizarre, surreal alternative worlds.

1513:(1969), about a man who becomes insane after the death of his beloved cow, sparked the new wave of 1306: 984: 982:(1957), which deals with a prostitute's failed attempts to find love, her suffering and rejection; 803: 635: 430: 7409: 4700: 4402: 3862:"The Social Art Cinema: A Moment of History in the History of British Film and Television Culture" 1481: 1220:

in 1965, which it is a mash of mash of crime and romance films with and his anti Hollywood style.

1084:(1955–1959), a trio of films that tell the story of a poor country boy's growth to adulthood, and 46: 8204: 7334: 7212: 6664: 6468: 5671: 5642: 5561: 3087: 2687: 2559: 2527: 1901: 1877: 1278: 409:

The first British "art cinema" was temporarily opened at the Palais de Luxe in London in 1929 by

246: 5328: 5309: 2404:-hour-long film, shot in black and white, that deals with Tarr's favorite theme, inadequacy, as 2316: 2293:

Several 1990s films explored existentialist-oriented themes related to life, chance, and death.

1866: 413:. She went on to establish a permanent location at the Academy Cinema in Oxford Street in 1931. 8199: 7606: 7554: 7419: 7140: 6932: 6741: 6613: 6446: 6349: 6334: 6128: 6016: 5519: 5071: 4041: 3973: 3967: 3227: 2651: 2212: 1941:(1982), which was shown on television in an extended five-hour version. In the United Kingdom, 1360: 1227: 1188: 651: 5243: 4433: 3296: 928:(1948), a film about ballet, which stood out from mainstream-genre films of the era. In 1945, 7790: 7349: 6991: 6881: 6538: 5357: 4637: 3252: 3142: 3102: 2940: 2681: 2601: 2536: 2268: 2205: 2060: 2050: 1911: 1824:

also contrasted brutal violence with emotional substance in his epic tale of mobster life in

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In contrast, Bordwell states that "the art cinema motivates its narrative by two principles:

639: 599: 565: 364: 244:, who influenced the development of European cinema movements for decades. Eisenstein's film 7827: 4267: 3902: 3868: 3444: 1368:

examines perception and reality, using grand tracking shots that became widely influential.

603:. In the U.S., the term "art film" may refer to films by modern American artists, including 8219: 8194: 8189: 8143: 8040: 7936: 7599: 7302: 7167: 6979: 6913: 6324: 6261: 6256: 6133: 5947: 5900: 5782: 5733: 5632: 5587: 4824: 4656: 3221: 3097: 3082: 3062: 2788: 2732: 2720: 2550: 2546: 2481: 2474: 2308: 2168: 2142: 2090: 1964: 1871: 1862: 1622: 1407: 1258:(1964), his first colour film, which deals with the need to adapt to the modern world; and 968:(1955), centering on a family with a lack of faith, but with a son who believes that he is 784: 674: 440: 37:

This article is about the contemporary use of the term. For the 1910s French movement, see

4987: 4481:"PARIS, TEXAS: European Art House Meets The Great American Road Movie in Stunning Fashion" 543: 522: 128:

is much more widely used in North America, the United Kingdom, and Australia, compared to

8: 8174: 7646: 7519: 7504: 7369: 7272: 7207: 6903: 6864: 6736: 6721: 6548: 6307: 6113: 6088: 6053: 6006: 4993: 4553: 4015: 3838: 3753: 3107: 2714: 2669: 2371: 2353: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2147: 1937: 1924: 1716:, an era in modern American culture that was inaugurated by the release of Andy Warhol's 1704: 1699: 1580: 1564: 1555: 1550: 1446: 1374: 1296: 1284: 1248: 850: 817: 790: 695: 518: 302: 267: 50: 5501: 4963: 4461: 3667: 840: 8050: 7970: 7894: 7780: 7770: 7672: 7564: 7544: 7444: 7424: 7192: 7120: 7026: 7011: 6942: 6647: 6583: 6441: 6421: 6312: 5962: 5883: 5817: 5807: 5770: 4877:"INTERVIEW: Here's the Story Behind That Theater's No Refund Policy for "Tree of Life"" 4742: 4616: 4480: 3693: 3242: 3067: 2949: 2916: 2819: 2597: 2564: 2436: 2420: 2311:, was called a "many-sided, many mooded, dazzlingly structured eclectic jazz mural" by 2123: 2107: 2055: 2011: 2001: 1713: 1574: 1341: 1174: 1031: 919: 663: 502: 257: 236: 214: 3532:

Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 1. The H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. P. 262.

8149: 8100: 7889: 7812: 7662: 7616: 7589: 7584: 7574: 7489: 7449: 7227: 7115: 7105: 7031: 6959: 6839: 6684: 6679: 6608: 6563: 6526: 6463: 6451: 6369: 6317: 6251: 6246: 6222: 6190: 5922: 5917: 5666: 5361: 5348: 5249: 5128:"Radius Horror Film 'Goodnight Mommy' Set To Wake Up Oscar Voters As Austria's Entry" 5026: 4861:"Creating His Own Language: An Interview With Apichatpong Weerasethakul", Romers, H. 4227: 3977: 3946: 3513: 3449: 3232: 3112: 2887: 2857: 2853: 2742: 2726: 2639: 2627: 2541: 2426: 2178: 2077: 2038: 2034: 1946: 1678: 1486: 1454: 1355: 1345: 1290: 1254: 1063: 1002:

permitted some relaxation of the regime's cultural policies, and productions such as

978: 944: 883: 845: 775: 659: 647: 631: 582: 435: 271: 241: 158: 106: 7324: 5059:

Trippy horror/fantasy Beyond the Black Rainbow gets DVD/Blu-ray release date – JoBlo

2801: 2045: 1980:; a film without dialogue, which emphasizes cinematography (consisting primarily of 1728:

films began to obtain wide release, were publicly discussed by celebrities (such as

8120: 8110: 8020: 7948: 7931: 7926: 7847: 7775: 7641: 7636: 7626: 7621: 7569: 7509: 7479: 7434: 7297: 7197: 7110: 7073: 6778: 6726: 6652: 6593: 6506: 6302: 6295: 6185: 6058: 5910: 5895: 5859: 5844: 5777: 5748: 5728: 5637: 5570:

10 Great Movies That Are Perfect Introductions To Arthouse Cinema – Taste of Cinema

4513:'Paris, Texas': Wim Wenders' Film of Extraordinary Beauty · Cinephilia & Beyond 3572: 3267: 3257: 3177: 3147: 3077: 2925: 2795: 2766: 2486: 2405: 2384: 2328: 2240: 2192: 1753: 1694: 1559: 1476: 1472: 1458: 1402: 1328: 1301: 1201: 973: 888: 834: 689: 614: 578: 498: 445: 312: 292: 262: 117: 76: 5214:"Euro Animated Films Offer "Darker" Art House Alternative to Hollywood, Exec Says" 3591: 3336: 2037:

and extreme violence with an intellectual theme: a critique of "elite culture" in

1242:(1961), a complex examination of a failed marriage that dealt with issues such as 287: 8070: 7995: 7985: 7980: 7965: 7874: 7817: 7716: 7611: 7529: 7524: 7454: 7389: 7309: 7182: 7177: 7150: 7046: 6844: 6807: 6753: 6746: 6699: 6573: 6543: 6456: 6416: 6411: 6344: 6290: 6275: 6195: 6170: 6165: 6103: 6021: 6011: 5972: 5888: 5812: 5738: 5556: 5076: 4926: 4849: 4376: 4367: 3612: 3211: 3186: 3183: 2973: 2861: 2698: 2663: 2575: 2522: 2361: 2245: 2217: 2112: 2072: 2020: 1996: 1955: 1749: 1660: 1642: 1604: 1590: 1585: 1504: 1495: 1490: 1468: 1424: 1210: 1169: 1126: 1117: 1103: 1080: 1059: 1051: 999: 995: 934: 844:(1930), or even films dealing with political and current-event relevance such as 538: 526: 510: 462: 450: 372: 368: 141: 137: 129: 7704: 4730: 1143: 8055: 8025: 8005: 7867: 7852: 7797: 7755: 7594: 7549: 7539: 7514: 7469: 7459: 7237: 7217: 7187: 7172: 7130: 7095: 7053: 7041: 7036: 6829: 6800: 6689: 6674: 6618: 6473: 6431: 5942: 5758: 5649: 5104: 4438: 4407: 3811: 3648:. Translated by Richard Neupert. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. 3576: 3206: 3167: 3122: 3117: 2999: 2896:(2000) exemplifying "the art-house stereotype of featuring more dead dogs than 2839: 2830: 2809: 2760: 2609: 2554: 2531:(2011) was released after decades of development and won the Palme d'Or at the 2459: 2441: 2348: 2251: 2235: 2229: 2221: 1989: 1971: 1932: 1793: 1767: 1673: 1596: 1514: 1369: 1267: 1232: 1216: 1121: 1055: 956:

In the 1950s, some of the well-known films with artistic sensibilities include

915: 894: 719: 684: 670: 643: 534: 384: 231: 121: 102: 98: 7911: 7709: 7001: 4921: 4524: 4216:'A Woman Under the Influence' – The Power of Female Leads – Films With A Cause 1953:

offered another approach to life from a spiritual standpoint in his 1987 film

1752:

gave audiences, who had become used to the escapist blockbuster adventures of

939: 530: 283: 8168: 8030: 8010: 7559: 7499: 7484: 7374: 7319: 7314: 7287: 7257: 7222: 7063: 7016: 7006: 6969: 6937: 6927: 6918: 6888: 6758: 6694: 6635: 6630: 6568: 6533: 6478: 6436: 6406: 6396: 6389: 6205: 6153: 6123: 6108: 6063: 6048: 5967: 5834: 5787: 5753: 5713: 5681: 5654: 5245:

The Nolan Variations: The Movies, Mysteries, and Marvels of Christopher Nolan

4066: 3718: 3684: 3366:

Wilinsky, Barbara (2001). "Sure Seaters: The Emergence of Art House Cinema".

3201: 3047: 2963: 2892: 2633: 2569: 2409: 2294: 2156: 2138: 2128: 1976: 1896: 1858: 1848: 1771: 1729: 1608: 1500: 1365: 1336: 1148: 1136:, a film about a Tokyo bureaucrat struggling to find a meaning for his life. 1090: 1075: 1027: 990: 732: 679: 627: 391: 380: 133: 38: 7339: 4154: 3779: 1548:(1971), Stanley Kubrick's brutal exploration of futuristic youth gangs, and 324: 7901: 7884: 7837: 7687: 7631: 7162: 7157: 7088: 6964: 6908: 6859: 6834: 6822: 6553: 6285: 6280: 6217: 6180: 6158: 6148: 6026: 5957: 5937: 5839: 5797: 5703: 5686: 5158: 4952:

15 Best Sci-Fi Horror Movies That Blend The Genres Perfectly|ScreenRant.com

4289: 4253: 3013: 2982: 2959: 2645: 2612:

described the film as "what we talk about when we talk about film as art".

2491: 2414: 2173: 2163: 2030: 1988:

cinematography of cities and natural landscapes, which results in a visual

1821: 1780: 1775: 1757: 1709: 1632: 1542:

In the early 1970s, directors shocked audiences with violent films such as

1399: 1316: 1272: 1222: 1159: 1111: 1085: 1078:. Some of the most internationally acclaimed films made in the period were 1067: 1004: 969: 900: 865: 779: 753: 703: 316: 297: 226: 208: 94: 80: 5545: 2387: 1857:(1981), a critique of the Polish communist government, which won the 1981 8153: 8115: 8095: 8090: 8075: 8065: 8045: 7975: 7953: 7879: 7785: 7726: 7721: 7579: 7384: 7364: 7329: 7078: 6974: 6731: 6716: 6657: 6623: 6401: 6374: 6339: 6210: 6200: 6073: 6033: 6001: 5952: 5868: 5849: 5822: 5718: 5676: 5627: 5022:"'Under the Skin': Brilliant mood piece about a fascinating femme fatale" 4429: 4398: 4349: 3262: 3216: 3196: 2994: 2835: 2469: 2338: 2304: 2257: 2200: 2187: 2133: 2102: 2086: 2006: 1981: 1950: 1919: 1906: 1888: 1853: 1762: 1737: 1725: 1650: 1637: 1412: 1138: 906: 873: 788:(1991) an "exercise in film experimentation" of "high artistic quality", 740: 604: 594: 410: 387: 279: 163: 153: 84: 5443: 5429: 5021: 3326:

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary. Random House: 2010.

2333: 1669:, which features an eccentric housewife slowly descending into madness. 188: 8105: 8085: 8035: 8015: 8000: 7990: 7906: 7857: 7667: 7474: 7414: 7232: 7125: 7068: 6996: 6954: 6785: 6603: 6588: 6558: 6516: 6485: 6175: 6038: 5802: 5743: 5723: 5613: 5048:

How Sci-Fi Movies Have Changed In Each Decade (& Why) - Screen Rant

4175: 3562:"Cohen [married name Kellner], Elsie (1895–1972), cinema owner" 3132: 3127: 3052: 3023:

spoofing and satirizing them to even the comedic film review webseries

3019: 3011:

Art films have been part of popular culture from animated sitcoms like

2977: 2967: 2930: 2843: 2675: 2616: 2379: 2343: 2299: 1985: 1839: 1806: 1721: 1683: 1655: 1530: 1521: 1107: 1071: 929: 869: 609: 560: 555: 514: 307: 110: 7916: 7862: 7760: 7699: 7692: 7534: 7429: 7379: 7100: 6986: 6849: 6795: 6598: 6521: 6511: 6384: 6379: 5994: 5989: 5979: 5905: 5878: 5854: 5792: 5765: 5708: 4565:

Synaesthetic Cinema: Minimalist Music and Film - Harvard Film Archive

4128: 3783: 3689:"Movie Review – Blue Movie (1968) Screen: Andy Warhol's 'Blue Movie'" 3607:. Article by James zu Hüningen, Vinzenz Hediger, Patrick Vonderau in 2876: 2849: 2016: 1959:, a depiction of a "fallen angel" who lives among men, which won the 1942: 1816: 1797: 1618: 1386: 1380: 958: 586: 425: 197: 167: 6578: 1784:(1982) could also be seen as a science fiction art film, along with 398:), as well as by fellow German artist Walter Ruttmann, who produced 116:

Art film producers usually present their films at special theaters (

7464: 7359: 7145: 7135: 7083: 6773: 6232: 5984: 4931: 4038:"Sight & Sound | Top Ten Poll 2002 – Critics Top Ten 2002" 3057: 2989: 2737: 2516: 1992:) and philosophical ideology about technology and the environment. 1833: 1733: 1420: 1323: 1238: 1197: 749: 590: 585:, documentaries and short films. In the 1960s, "art film" became a 87: 5351:

Televisuality: Style, Crisis, and Authority in American Television

5154:"Did arthouse horror hit The Witch trick mainstream US audiences?" 1010: 456: 8125: 7807: 7750: 6768: 4262: 4188: 3837:. Bergmanorama: The Magic Works of Ingmar Bergman. Archived from 2805: 2708: 2702: 2605: 1066:. The most influential filmmakers involved in this movement were 345: 3723:"Warhol's Red Hot and 'Blue' Movie. D1. Print. (behind paywall)" 2572:'s performance, the visuals, and realism depicted in the movie. 1445:, an internationally controversial erotic art film, directed by 597:

European films with artistic structure such as the Swedish film

363:

movement was influenced by German "absolute" filmmakers such as

355:

film movement, which influenced the development of the art film.

8080: 7277: 7202: 6854: 6790: 6763: 6426: 6239: 6093: 4323:"Porno chic; 'Hard-core' grows fashionable-and very profitable" 4186:

This was Jodorowsky's second film from the 1970s. He also made

2262: 2082: 1525: 1260: 1243: 1196:) (1960) used innovative visual and editing techniques such as 1164: 828: 340: 5579: 1800:

after the release of a "director's cut" became successful via

892:

ranked it as the fourth greatest film ever, placing it behind

7765: 6898: 6876: 6869: 6669: 3544: 3042: 2882: 2101:

In the 1990s, directors took inspiration from the success of

1653:'s dreamlike, surreal and industrial black and white classic 1132: 1043: 1022: 964: 218:, often credited by cinema historians as the first art films. 5553:

Top 100 Art House and International Movies – Rotten Tomatoes

4795:"The assassination of Jesse James by the coward Robert Ford" 1350: 6817: 5610: 5182:"'Roma' Becomes Netflix's First Best Picture Oscar Nominee" 2535:; it was highly praised by critics. At the Avon Theater in 2284:(1994) explore human emotions through poignant narratives. 1708:), which was considered, according to award-winning author 1663:

offered a sharp commentary on American blue-collar life in

1631:(1973) about a thief and an alchemist seeking the mythical 1509: 1270:

Ingmar Bergman began the 1960s with chamber pieces such as

673:

argued in her article "Art movies: R.I.P." that "side from

349: 333: 4769:"Breaking the Waves: No 24 best arthouse film of all time" 4040:. British Film Institute. 5 September 2006. Archived from 3478:

Modernism in the narrative cinema: the art film as a genre

2958:

a bizarrely comical parody of American soap operas with a

2465:

The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford

1524:

had an arthouse success with his 1965 Oscar-nominated non-

4697:"Current Movie Reviews, Independent Movies – Film Threat" 2935: 2593: 1801: 972:

and convinced that he is capable of performing miracles;

224:

The forerunners of art films include Italian silent film

5575:

Top 10 arthouse films of the last 10 years|Stark Insider

5495: 2902:

and every other book you had to read in middle school".

1820:, in which an elderly king is betrayed by his children. 709: 466:

can be deemed as another "conscious art film movement".

5458:"Real Good You Guys: Kyle Kallgren and Brows Held High" 5296:"10 Famous Arthouse Movies That Are Too Self-Indulgent" 4155:"The Color of Pomegranates in Cahiers du Cinéma Top 10" 3972:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 3867:. Cinema: The Beginnings and the Future. Archived from 2592:

and received a theatrical release through indie studio

1120:

produced a number of films that broke with convention.

256:

as part of a grand 10th anniversary celebration of the

1899:, his most "securely serious and funny film to date", 383:

ever created. In fact, he was preceded by the Italian

5387:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 5206: 4554:

Godfrey Reggio, Cinematic Seer - Harvard Film Archive

3637: 3635: 2947:

As with much of Lynch's other work (notably the film

2490:

about a shy, repressed rage-aholic was "an art house

296:

in 1930), and by the French playwright and filmmaker

4203:"13 Greatest Art-House Horror Films – Dread Central" 3495:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 118. 4176:

MUBI Special Being Green: Jim Henson's Early Shorts

4091: 3180:(semi-analogous concept in the world of literature) 1918:Another critically praised art film from this era, 1568:(1972), supposedly intended as a Soviet riposte to 1230:helped revolutionize filmmaking with such films as 1094:(1973), which tells the story of a farmer during a 278:Art films were also influenced by films by Spanish 5513:Lee, Kevin B.; Verdeure, David (10 January 2010). 5347: 5270: 4986: 3632: 3571:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 3560: 3423: 3421: 5345: 5100:"Under the Skin and a History of Art-Horror Film" 702:According to director, producer, and distributor 8166: 5125: 4434:"Alice in Wonderland:An X-Rated Musical Fantasy" 4205:. 19 February 2016 – via dreadcentral.com. 3505: 1485:placed the film in its top 10 list. In 1967, in 406:is considered an important early abstract film. 53:, pictured here in 1965, directed the 1928 film 30:"Art house" redirects here. For other uses, see 5188: 4865:, page 34, vol. 30, no. 4, Fall 2005, New York. 3995: 3993: 3969:Sure Seaters: The Emergence of Art House Cinema 3747: 3745: 3743: 3713: 3711: 3679: 3677: 3418: 3387: 3385: 3383: 1843:, including this recreation of a medieval gate. 1736:) and taken seriously by film critics (such as 1208:, Godard made two more very influential films, 832:(1932), surrealist films such as Luis Buñuel's 501:began to produce films that were influenced by 4914: 4699:. Filmthreat.com. 15 June 1998. Archived from 759: 593:. By the 1970s, the term was used to describe 5595: 5506: 4129:"The Color of Pomegranates at Paradjanov.com" 3645:The French New Wave : An Artistic School 2860:meet the fissure points and paradoxes of the 2118:The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover 2026:The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover 1499:(Entreaty), which was based on the motifs of 1411:(1966) is a portrait of the medieval Russian 1102:filmmakers involved in this movement include 375:. Richter falsely claimed that his 1921 film 5310:"Are Sci-Fi Movies Getting Too Pretentious?" 4635: 4314: 3990: 3930:. Hoboken, New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. 3892: 3740: 3708: 3674: 3553: 3540: 3538: 3380: 2880:film critic Michael Nordine cited the films 2374:, including Best Picture and Best Director. 1479:as "revolutionary"; and in the early 1980s, 768: 148:Such films contrast sharply with mainstream 5512: 4874: 4422: 4391: 4360: 4220: 3835:"Putting on a Show: The European Art Movie" 3629:Article by Kyle DeGuzman, 12 November 2023. 3394:"The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film Practice" 2512:Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives 2054:: Un météore dans le ciel de l'animation", 120:or, in the U.S., art-house cinemas) and at 5602: 5588: 4904:"The best and worst arthouse film remakes" 4766: 4648: 4320: 3923: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3173:List of directors associated with art film 2808:, earning the streaming giant their first 2738:a remake of the 1977 film of the same name 1676:directed several adult art films, such as 494:were shown to substantial U.S. audiences. 448:films from the mid-to-late 1940s, such as 394:between 1911 and 1912 (as reported in the 240:(1916) and the works of Russian filmmaker 178: 5126:D'Alessandro, Anthony (29 October 2015). 4843:"Uncle Boonmee", an art film for everyone 4282: 4246: 3832: 3535: 3430:Film Genres: From Iconography to Ideology 541:, began as critics for the film magazine 5397: 5380: 4988:"Under the Skin: 'simply a masterpiece'" 4614:Prior to Chungking Express, he directed 3965: 3859: 3391: 3369:Journal of Popular Film & Television 3365: 3138:Golden Age of Television (2000s–present) 2615:This decade also saw a re-emergence of " 2412:to the gullible villagers. Kieslowski's 1832: 1760:, the gritty, harsh realism of his film 1322: 802: 589:in the U.S. for racy Italian and French 554: 348:(pictured here in 1934) was part of the 339: 45: 5562:The 25 best arthouse films of all time| 5326: 5268: 4792: 4636:Scott-Travis, Shane (17 January 2017). 4620:. Later in the 1990s, Kar-wai directed 4403:"The Devil in Miss Jones – Film Review" 4372:"That Old Feeling: When Porno Was Chic" 4366: 4288: 4252: 4228:"Barbara Broadcast – BluRay DVD Review" 3751: 3568:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3490: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3445:"Chungking Express Movie Review (1996)" 3354: 2596:the following year. The film, starring 1720:(1969) and featured the phenomenon of " 1441:was a major influence in the making of 332:film movement included several notable 14: 8167: 5482: 5180:Tapley, Kristopher (22 January 2019). 5179: 5069: 5019: 4984: 4478: 4135:from the original on 14 September 2010 3777: 3641: 3493:Film study: an analytical bibliography 2910: 402:in 1920. Nevertheless, Richter's film 113:, with its own distinct conventions". 5583: 5406:. Machines.pomona.edu. Archived from 5329:"20 Worst Hipster Movies of All Time" 5293: 5283:from the original on 12 January 2022. 5241: 5097: 4428: 4397: 4321:Blumenthal, Ralph (21 January 1973). 3860:Williams, Christopher (5 July 2007). 3804: 3717: 3683: 3475: 3442: 3427: 2364:returned from a 20-year absence with 1489:, influential Georgian film director 848:'s famed and influential masterpiece 710:Deviations from mainstream film norms 5356:. Rutgers University Press. p. 5196:"Animated Movies To Look Forward To" 5001:from the original on 12 January 2022 4901: 4535:from the original on 30 January 2010 4459: 4192:(1970), a surrealistic western film. 4008: 3940: 3895:"Memories of a Revolutionary Cinema" 3464: 3003:has featured the show on its cover. 2604:in human form as she travels around 2224:), slow-paced, and a few dialogues. 1046:, there was an art-film movement in 517:, and their films are an example of 5384:Storytelling in Film and Television 5272:"The Top 10 Most Pretentious Films" 5151: 4493: 4099:"Festival de Cannes: Andrei Rublev" 3924:Stam, Robert; Miller, Toby (2000). 3248:Toronto International Film Festival 3006: 2905: 2199:In 1991, another important film of 1974:released the surprise arthouse hit 1562:'s meditative science fiction film 24: 7942:List of American independent films 5269:Billson, Anne (5 September 2013). 5152:Lee, Benjamin (22 February 2016). 5070:Clarke, Donald (21 January 2011). 4479:Yanaga, Tynan (14 December 2018). 3833:Elsaesser, Thomas (29 July 2007). 3805:Brody, Richard (17 January 2013). 3163:International Tournee of Animation 2822:(with Oscar-nominated titles like 2151:(1997), from the same director as 509:, a style that critics called the 25: 8231: 5538: 5460:. 7 November 2017. Archived from 5327:Nordine, Michael (17 July 2014). 5020:Roeper, Richard (13 April 2014). 4587:Filmcritic.com critic Jake Euler. 4496:"Paris, Texas: On the Road Again" 4131:. Parajanov.com. 9 January 2001. 3945:. London: Routledge. p. 71. 3778:Paglia, Camille (8 August 2007). 2619:" with the success of films like 2203:, a Taiwanese New Wave director, 1928:(1984), also won the Palme d'Or. 1712:, to be the "crown jewel" of the 1423:prize. At the end of the decade, 8148: 8139: 8138: 5476: 5450: 5436: 5422: 5398:Driscoll, D. (2 November 2009). 5346:Thornton Caldwell, John (1995). 5037:– via Richard Roeper Blog. 4985:Collin, Robbie (13 March 2014). 4852:. CNN. Retrieved 2 October 2010. 4673:. Filmcritic.com. Archived from 4671:"Pi Movie Review, DVD Release –" 4009:Howe, Desson (18 October 1991). 3927:Film and Theory: An Introduction 3882:– via The Wayback Machine. 3626:The history of art house cinema. 3414:– via The Wayback Machine. 3399:. Film Criticism. Archived from 2658:A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night 2458:stated that Australian director 2418:trilogy (1993–94), particularly 344:U.S. photographer and filmmaker 196: 187: 5609: 5515:"The best video essays of 2017" 5391: 5374: 5339: 5320: 5302: 5287: 5262: 5235: 5224: 5173: 5145: 5119: 5091: 5063: 5052: 5041: 5013: 4978: 4966:. Rotten Tomatoes. 4 April 2014 4956: 4945: 4895: 4868: 4855: 4835: 4817: 4786: 4760: 4751: 4735: 4724: 4715: 4689: 4663: 4629: 4608: 4599: 4590: 4581: 4569: 4558: 4547: 4517: 4506: 4487: 4472: 4453: 4342: 4209: 4195: 4180: 4169: 4147: 4121: 4076: 4056: 4030: 4002: 3959: 3934: 3917: 3886: 3853: 3826: 3798: 3771: 3652: 3618: 3598: 3547:"The Futurist Cinema Manifesto" 3526: 3499: 3484: 3376:. University of Minnesota: 171. 1970:In 1982, experimental director 1449:and released a few years after 5485:"Brows Held High Night Thread" 5294:Dekin, Mert (1 October 2019). 5242:Shone, Tom (3 November 2020). 5098:Ebiri, Bilge (17 April 2014). 4841:Satraroj, Nick. Movie review: 4767:Steve Rose (20 October 2010). 3443:Ebert, Roger (15 March 1996). 3436: 3432:. Wallflower Press. p. 1. 3329: 3320: 3311: 3281: 2886:(1997) as being an "art-house 2784:Academy Award for Best Picture 1689:The Opening of Misty Beethoven 798: 621: 550: 419: 300:, whose 1932 avant-garde film 13: 1: 5444:"Film Fest: Tears of a Clone" 4654:In 1990, Kiarostami directed 3807:"The State of the 'Art Film'" 3660:"French Cinema: Making Waves" 3392:Bordwell, David (Fall 1979). 3274: 3073:Arthouse science fiction film 2260:'s early 1990s works such as 1348:style. In 1963, Fellini made 1026:(1954–1959), all directed by 857:Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans 145:new film-making conventions. 4875:Austin Dale (24 June 2011). 4638:"Pulling Focus: Safe (1995)" 4063:Movie Review – Ashani Sanket 3592:UK public library membership 2867: 2322:The Double Life of Véronique 1686:"Buñellian" atmosphere, and 1645:, continues the themes that 752:) or their star performers ( 396:Futurist Manifesto of Cinema 7: 5483:Aronow, Sam (3 June 2018). 4879:. indieWIRE. Archived from 4748:. Retrieved 9 January 2012. 4328:The New York Times Magazine 4294:"The Legend of Henry Paris" 4258:"The Legend of Henry Paris" 3943:Exhibition, the Film Reader 3893:Arnold Helminski, Allison. 3509:A History of Italian Cinema 3460:– via Rogerebert.com. 3030: 3027:(hosted by Kyle Kallgren). 2922:Quality artistic television 2484:claimed that his 2002 film 2315:critic Michael Wilmington. 1865:. Another Polish director, 1827:Once Upon a Time in America 1666:A Woman Under the Influence 760:Art film and film criticism 656:Sony Pictures Entertainment 260:of 1917. He later directed 10: 8236: 7833:Classical Hollywood cinema 7022:Commedia sexy all'italiana 5930:Exploitation film template 5874:Commedia sexy all'italiana 5381:Thompson, Kristin (2003). 4902:Chen, Nick (7 July 2017). 4799:Film Journal International 4721:Critic James Berardinelli. 4460:Hill, Lee (October 2014). 3966:Wilinsky, Barbara (2001). 3476:Siska, William C. (1980). 3093:Classical Hollywood cinema 2914: 2846:from the previous decade. 2455:Film Journal International 2290:won the Grand Jury Prize. 1884:A Short Film About Killing 1692:(1976), based on the play 1682:(1977), which presented a 823:The Passion of Joan of Arc 810:The Passion of Joan of Arc 507:classical Hollywood cinema 173: 109:describe art cinema as "a 56:The Passion of Joan of Arc 36: 32:Art house (disambiguation) 29: 8134: 7737: 7655: 7400:German underground horror 7355:Documentary Film Movement 7263:American eccentric cinema 7248: 6494: 5620: 5502:Video Essayists|Raindance 3506:Peter Bondanella (2009). 3238:Swansea Bay Film Festival 3038:American Eccentric Cinema 2755:The House That Jack Built 2590:2013 Venice Film Festival 2553:. Also in 2011, director 2533:2011 Cannes Film Festival 2507:Apichatpong Weerasethakul 2307:and the Volpi Cup at the 2066:1982 Cannes Film Festival 1614:Aguirre, the Wrath of God 1464:The Color of Pomegranates 1417:1969 Cannes Film Festival 769:Timeline of notable films 5404:Being Taught at Harvard" 4500:The Criterion Collection 3609:Lexikon der Filmbegriffe 3192:Mubi (streaming service) 3158:Independent Spirit Award 3153:Independent Film Channel 2899:Where the Red Fern Grows 2622:Beyond the Black Rainbow 2549:, is commonly called an 2501: 2447: 2216:, first feature film of 2096: 1743: 1537: 1181: 951: 807:The poster for Dreyer's 636:Fox Searchlight Pictures 7335:Cinema of Transgression 6469:Cinema of Transgression 3491:Manchel, Frank (1990). 3088:Cinema of Transgression 2588:") was screened at the 2563:, a movie dealing with 1902:Crimes and Misdemeanors 1878:A Short Film About Love 1393:The Exterminating Angel 1037: 311:audience". In England, 206:Theatrical posters for 179:Antecedents: 1910–1920s 8215:Theories of aesthetics 7420:Hollywood on the Tiber 5520:British Film Institute 5218:The Hollywood Reporter 4848:23 August 2010 at the 4596:Reviewer Nick Schager. 4011:"My Own Private Idaho" 3941:Hark, Ina Rae (2002). 3752:Comenas, Gary (2005). 3642:Michel, Marie (2002). 3577:10.1093/ref:odnb/56535 3228:Sundance Film Festival 2652:Only Lovers Left Alive 2227:Daryush Shokof's film 2213:Rebels of the Neon God 2137:(1991), which won the 1891:made, in the words of 1844: 1766:. In this film, actor 1361:Last Year at Marienbad 1331: 1228:Michelangelo Antonioni 813: 652:Sony Pictures Classics 569: 563:from the Swedish film 356: 266:in 1929. The film by 60: 7410:Grupo Cine Liberación 7350:Czechoslovak New Wave 7345:Commedia all'italiana 5692:Commedia all'italiana 5248:. Faber & Faber. 4623:Happy Together (film) 4578:, n° 393, avril 1984. 3428:Grant, Barry (2007). 3289:"Art film definition" 3253:Turner Classic Movies 3143:Independent animation 3103:Czechoslovak New Wave 2941:The Singing Detective 2800:(2018), is a film by 2537:Stamford, Connecticut 2269:Raise the Red Lantern 2206:A Brighter Summer Day 2155:, is a psychological 1912:Au revoir les enfants 1836: 1814:followed the plot of 1786:2001: A Space Odyssey 1702:(and its derivative, 1482:Les Cahiers du Cinéma 1430:2001: A Space Odyssey 1326: 879:The Rules of the Game 806: 640:Twentieth Century Fox 600:I Am Curious (Yellow) 566:I Am Curious (Yellow) 558: 343: 49: 7937:Guerrilla filmmaking 7600:Kitchen sink realism 7555:Praška filmska škola 7485:New French Extremity 7395:German Expressionist 7303:Kitchen sink realism 7168:Contemporary Western 6948:Environmental issues 6479:New French Extremity 6437:New French Extremity 6262:Softcore pornography 6257:Hardcore pornography 6124:New French Extremity 5430:"Any Given Sundance" 4605:Critic Matt Brunson. 4432:(24 November 1976). 3780:"Art movies: R.I.P." 3222:Souvenirs from Earth 3098:Criterion Collection 3083:Cannes Film Festival 3063:Arthouse action film 2980:-winning UK-focused 2852:said of the work of 2551:arthouse action film 2547:Nicolas Winding Refn 2545:(2011), directed by 2482:Paul Thomas Anderson 2317:Krzysztof Kieślowski 2309:Venice Film Festival 2169:My Own Private Idaho 2143:Cannes Film Festival 2091:Venice Film Festival 2029:(1989) is a fantasy/ 1965:Cannes Film Festival 1867:Krzysztof Kieślowski 1863:Cannes Film Festival 1623:Alejandro Jodorowsky 1453:was made. In Soviet 1344:style and his later 862:German Expressionist 785:My Own Private Idaho 675:Francis Ford Coppola 441:The Long Voyage Home 7673:Children and family 7647:Yugoslav Black Wave 7520:Nuevo Cine Mexicano 7405:Nigerian Golden Age 7370:European art cinema 7273:Australian New Wave 5277:The Daily Telegraph 5220:. 15 December 2017. 4994:The Daily Telegraph 4677:on 30 December 2005 4103:festival-cannes.com 4044:on 16 December 2006 4016:The Washington Post 3754:"Blue Movie (1968)" 3406:on 13 November 2008 3108:European art cinema 2966:and a deep vein of 2911:Arthouse television 2354:The Cremaster Cycle 2275:The Story of Qiu Ju 1961:Best Director Award 1938:Fanny and Alexander 1792:explores themes of 1700:George Bernard Shaw 1672:Also in the 1970s, 1556:Bernardo Bertolucci 1551:Last Tango in Paris 1447:Bernardo Bertolucci 1443:Last Tango in Paris 1419:, where it won the 1375:Au hasard Balthazar 1334:Federico Fellini's 1118:Japanese filmmakers 938:, an adaptation of 851:Battleship Potemkin 818:Carl Theodor Dreyer 791:The Washington Post 669:In 2007, Professor 607:with his 1969 film 519:European art cinema 497:In the late 1950s, 477:Tight Little Island 303:The Blood of a Poet 268:Alexander Dovzhenko 247:Battleship Potemkin 51:Carl Theodor Dreyer 7971:Major film studios 7565:Pure Film Movement 7545:Polish Film School 7445:Italian neorealist 7425:Hong Kong New Wave 7027:Mexican sex comedy 6084:German underground 5298:. Taste of Cinema. 5132:Deadline Hollywood 4831:. 18 October 2002. 4825:"Punch-Drunk Love" 4805:on 11 October 2007 4745:Three Colors: Blue 4617:Days of Being Wild 4576:La Revue du cinéma 4270:on 4 February 2016 4109:on 18 January 2012 4086:The New York Times 4073:, 12 October 1973. 4071:The New York Times 3727:The New York Times 3721:(10 August 1969). 3694:The New York Times 3243:Television studies 3068:Arthouse animation 2917:Quality television 2888:exploitation flick 2820:Arthouse animation 2779:Color Out of Space 2598:Scarlett Johansson 2480:In 2009, director 2437:Breaking the Waves 2385:Hungarian director 2056:Patrick Bokanowski 2048:, in his article " 1845: 1748:In 1980, director 1714:Golden Age of Porn 1647:A Clockwork Orange 1545:A Clockwork Orange 1342:Italian neorealist 1332: 1175:Sansho the Bailiff 1155:Fires on the Plain 1098:. Other acclaimed 1032:Polish Film School 1017:Ashes and Diamonds 920:Emeric Pressburger 814: 776:experimental films 583:experimental films 570: 503:Italian Neorealism 474:and Mackendrick's 357: 282:creators, such as 258:October Revolution 132:, where the terms 61: 8210:Independent films 8180:Experimental film 8162: 8161: 8101:Socialist realist 7813:Behind-the-scenes 7590:Socialist realist 7585:Spaghetti Western 7575:Romanian New Wave 7450:Japanese New Wave 7116:Sword and sorcery 7032:Nazi exploitation 6614:Mumbai underworld 6370:Planetary romance 5464:on 15 August 2018 5316:. 10 August 2019. 5255:978-0-571-34800-8 5027:Chicago Sun-Times 4370:(29 March 2005). 4232:Mondo-digital.com 3590:(Subscription or 3512:. A&C Black. 3450:Chicago Sun-Times 3233:Surrealist cinema 3187:Maximalist cinema 3113:Experimental film 2854:Christopher Nolan 2367:The Thin Red Line 2341:-inspired "eerie 2184:Chungking Express 2179:Chungking Express 2085:film awarded the 2081:became the first 2078:A City of Sadness 1679:Barbara Broadcast 1659:(1977). In 1974, 1628:The Holy Mountain 1356:Gianni di Venanzo 1327:Italian director 1189:À bout de souffle 1064:Japanese New Wave 985:Wild Strawberries 979:Nights of Cabiria 889:Sight & Sound 884:comedy of manners 846:Sergei Eisenstein 660:Paramount Vantage 632:independent films 595:sexually explicit 579:independent films 544:Cahiers du cinéma 523:François Truffaut 499:French filmmakers 400:Lichtspiel Opus 1 242:Sergei Eisenstein 159:Chungking Express 118:repertory cinemas 107:Barry Keith Grant 93:Film critics and 16:(Redirected from 8227: 8152: 8142: 8141: 8121:Vulgar auteurism 7949:Interstitial art 7927:Hyperlink cinema 7642:Vulgar auteurism 7637:Toronto New Wave 7627:Telefoni Bianchi 7622:Sword-and-sandal 7440:Italian futurist 7435:Iranian New Wave 7298:British New Wave 7111:Sword-and-sandal 6992:Rape and revenge 6933:Mouth of Garbage 6779:Tentacle erotica 6727:Goona-goona epic 6707:Extraterrestrial 6594:Heroic bloodshed 6228:Occult detective 6059:Christmas horror 5911:Sword-and-sandal 5643:Hong Kong action 5638:Heroic bloodshed 5604: 5597: 5590: 5581: 5580: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5510: 5504: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5355: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5274: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5239: 5233: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5067: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4990: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4964:"Under the Skin" 4960: 4954: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4872: 4866: 4859: 4853: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4801:. Archived from 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4749: 4739: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4667: 4661: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4633: 4627: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4579: 4573: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4529:Spirit of Baraka 4521: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4466:Senses of Cinema 4457: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4401:(13 June 1973). 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4368:Corliss, Richard 4364: 4358: 4357: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4298: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4266:. Archived from 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4234:. 27 August 2013 4224: 4218: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4199: 4193: 4184: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4105:. Archived from 4095: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3901:. Archived from 3899:Senses of Cinema 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3873: 3866: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3749: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3687:(22 July 1969). 3681: 3672: 3671: 3666:. Archived from 3656: 3650: 3649: 3639: 3630: 3622: 3616: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3542: 3533: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3473: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3425: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3405: 3398: 3389: 3378: 3377: 3363: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3295:. Archived from 3285: 3268:Vulgar auteurism 3258:Underground film 3178:Literary fiction 3148:Independent film 3078:Arthouse musical 3007:In popular media 2926:television genre 2906:Related concepts 2584:(an example of " 2528:The Tree of Life 2496:Punch Drunk Love 2487:Punch-Drunk Love 2462:'s western film 2403: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2329:Darren Aronofsky 2241:Abbas Kiarostami 1754:Steven Spielberg 1560:Andrei Tarkovsky 1477:Mikhail Vartanov 1473:Sofiko Chiaureli 1459:Sergei Parajanov 1403:Andrei Tarkovsky 1400:Russian director 1358:. The 1961 film 1329:Federico Fellini 1302:Tadeusz Konwicki 1268:Swedish director 1202:hand-held camera 1096:famine in Bengal 974:Federico Fellini 854:. The U.S. film 835:Un chien andalou 690:The Seventh Seal 313:Alfred Hitchcock 263:The General Line 200: 191: 77:independent film 75:is typically an 21: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8185:Avant-garde art 8165: 8164: 8163: 8158: 8130: 8071:Semidocumentary 7996:Minimalist film 7986:Message picture 7981:Maximalist film 7875:Database cinema 7858:Computer screen 7818:Black-and-white 7743: 7741: 7739: 7733: 7651: 7607:Soviet parallel 7530:Parallel cinema 7525:Pan-Indian film 7455:Kammerspielfilm 7390:French New Wave 7310:Budapest school 7293:Brighton School 7268:New Objectivity 7250: 7244: 7213:Science fiction 6845:Bruceploitation 6754:Girls with guns 6700:Turksploitation 6574:Gentleman thief 6490: 6325:Science fiction 6171:Minimalist film 6166:Maximalist film 6144:Science fiction 6104:Japanese horror 5901:Social guidance 5616: 5608: 5557:Wayback Machine 5546:Brows Held High 5541: 5536: 5535: 5525: 5523: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5496: 5481: 5477: 5467: 5465: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5428: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5411: 5410:on 20 July 2011 5396: 5392: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5344: 5340: 5325: 5321: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5292: 5288: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5225: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5200:amctheatres.com 5194: 5193: 5189: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5077:The Irish Times 5068: 5064: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5042: 5032: 5030: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4927:Rotten Tomatoes 4920: 4919: 4915: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4883:on 26 June 2011 4873: 4869: 4860: 4856: 4850:Wayback Machine 4840: 4836: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4740: 4736: 4731:1999|Oscars.org 4729: 4725: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4703:on 23 June 2008 4695: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4653: 4649: 4642:Taste of Cinema 4634: 4630: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4574: 4570: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4531:. 21 May 2007. 4525:"Koyaanisqatsi" 4523: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4507: 4494:Roddick, Nick. 4492: 4488: 4477: 4473: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4365: 4361: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4301:ToniBentley.com 4296: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4235: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4157:. Parajanov.com 4153: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4081: 4077: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3939: 3935: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3905:on 21 July 2001 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3841:on 29 July 2007 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3758:WarholStars.org 3750: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3716: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3682: 3675: 3670:on 11 May 2008. 3658: 3657: 3653: 3640: 3633: 3623: 3619: 3613:Kiel University 3603: 3599: 3589: 3581: 3579: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3520: 3504: 3500: 3489: 3485: 3474: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3441: 3437: 3426: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3390: 3381: 3364: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3224:—art TV station 3212:Parallel Cinema 3033: 3025:Brows Held High 3009: 2974:Charlie Brooker 2919: 2913: 2908: 2870: 2862:information age 2825:Song of the Sea 2812:nomination for 2782:(2019) and the 2749:The Nightingale 2699:social thriller 2664:Goodnight Mommy 2586:arthouse sci-fi 2576:Jonathan Glazer 2523:Terrence Malick 2504: 2452:Lewis Beale of 2450: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2383:(1994), by the 2362:Terrence Malick 2313:Chicago Tribune 2246:Taste of Cherry 2218:Tsai Ming-liang 2113:Peter Greenaway 2099: 2073:Hou Hsiao-hsien 2064:, shown at the 2021:Peter Greenaway 1997:Martin Scorsese 1956:Wings of Desire 1750:Martin Scorsese 1746: 1661:John Cassavetes 1643:Martin Scorsese 1625:'s psychedelic 1617:(1973), and in 1605:German New Wave 1588:, who directed 1586:Terrence Malick 1540: 1505:Dariush Mehrjui 1491:Tengiz Abuladze 1425:Stanley Kubrick 1246:and sterility; 1184: 1170:Kenji Mizoguchi 1104:Rituparno Ghosh 1091:Distant Thunder 1081:The Apu Trilogy 1052:Parallel Cinema 1040: 1000:Khrushchev Thaw 996:French New Wave 954: 935:Brief Encounter 868:uses distorted 801: 771: 762: 712: 624: 553: 539:Jacques Rivette 527:Jean-Luc Godard 511:French New Wave 486:Bicycle Thieves 463:Bicycle Thieves 422: 373:Viking Eggeling 369:Walter Ruttmann 222: 221: 220: 219: 203: 202: 201: 193: 192: 181: 176: 142:widely released 138:national cinema 130:mainland Europe 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8233: 8223: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8205:Postmodern art 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8146: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8056:Reverse motion 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8006:Modernist film 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7962: 7961: 7951: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7939: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7868:midnight movie 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7758: 7753: 7747: 7745: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7724: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7697: 7696: 7695: 7690: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7670: 7665: 7659: 7657: 7656:By demographic 7653: 7652: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7595:Social realist 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7550:Poliziotteschi 7547: 7542: 7540:Poetic realist 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7495:New generation 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7470:Modernist film 7467: 7462: 7460:L.A. Rebellion 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7325:Cinéma du look 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7306: 7305: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7254: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7238:Zapata Western 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7218:Singing cowboy 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7173:Dacoit Western 7170: 7165: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7054:Shoshimin-eiga 7051: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7042:Nunsploitation 7039: 7037:Pornochanchada 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6886: 6885: 6884: 6874: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6820: 6810: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6712:Food and drink 6709: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6690:Blaxploitation 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6633: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6619:Poliziotteschi 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6474:Extreme cinema 6471: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6322: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6272: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6249: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6054:Chinese horror 6051: 6046: 6041: 6031: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 5999: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5920: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5866: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5689: 5684: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5607: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5559: 5550: 5540: 5539:External links 5537: 5534: 5533: 5505: 5494: 5475: 5449: 5435: 5421: 5390: 5373: 5366: 5338: 5319: 5301: 5286: 5261: 5254: 5234: 5223: 5205: 5187: 5172: 5144: 5118: 5090: 5062: 5051: 5040: 5012: 4977: 4955: 4944: 4922:"Drive (2011)" 4913: 4894: 4867: 4854: 4834: 4829:RogerEbert.com 4816: 4785: 4759: 4750: 4741:Emanuel Levy, 4734: 4723: 4714: 4688: 4662: 4647: 4628: 4607: 4598: 4589: 4580: 4568: 4557: 4546: 4516: 4505: 4486: 4471: 4462:"Paris, Texas" 4452: 4439:RogerEbert.com 4421: 4408:RogerEbert.com 4390: 4359: 4341: 4313: 4281: 4245: 4219: 4208: 4194: 4179: 4168: 4146: 4120: 4090: 4075: 4055: 4029: 4001: 3989: 3982: 3958: 3951: 3933: 3916: 3885: 3874:on 5 July 2007 3852: 3825: 3812:The New Yorker 3797: 3770: 3739: 3719:Canby, Vincent 3707: 3685:Canby, Vincent 3673: 3651: 3631: 3617: 3597: 3552: 3534: 3525: 3518: 3498: 3483: 3463: 3435: 3417: 3379: 3353: 3341:Dictionary.com 3328: 3319: 3310: 3299:on 25 May 2011 3279: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3207:No wave cinema 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184:Minimalist and 3181: 3175: 3170: 3168:L.A. Rebellion 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3123:Film criticism 3120: 3118:Extreme cinema 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3008: 3005: 3000:Film Quarterly 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2869: 2866: 2840:Don Hertzfeldt 2831:Loving Vincent 2802:Alfonso Cuarón 2773:The Lighthouse 2610:Richard Roeper 2581:Under the Skin 2555:Lars von Trier 2503: 2500: 2460:Andrew Dominik 2449: 2446: 2442:Lars von Trier 2410:Messiah figure 2372:Academy Awards 2349:Matthew Barney 2252:Seven Servants 2236:Seven Servants 2230:Seven Servants 2222:Lee Kang-sheng 2098: 2095: 2046:Raphaël Bassan 1972:Godfrey Reggio 1933:Ingmar Bergman 1922:'s road movie 1893:New York Times 1794:existentialism 1768:Robert De Niro 1745: 1742: 1674:Radley Metzger 1597:Days of Heaven 1539: 1536: 1515:Iranian cinema 1487:Soviet Georgia 1370:Robert Bresson 1307:All Souls' Day 1217:Pierrot le fou 1183: 1180: 1122:Akira Kurosawa 1048:Bengali cinema 1039: 1036: 953: 950: 916:Michael Powell 800: 797: 770: 767: 761: 758: 711: 708: 671:Camille Paglia 644:Focus Features 623: 620: 552: 549: 535:Claude Chabrol 482:Whisky Galore! 436:Eugene O'Neill 421: 418: 379:was the first 232:D. W. Griffith 205: 204: 195: 194: 186: 185: 184: 183: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 122:film festivals 103:David Bordwell 99:social realism 83:rather than a 26: 18:Art house film 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8232: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8200:Postmodernism 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8145: 8137: 8136: 8133: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8051:Postmodernist 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8041:Participatory 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8011:Musical short 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7922:Found footage 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7828:Cinéma vérité 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744:or production 7736: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7701: 7698: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7560:Prussian film 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7505:New Nollywood 7503: 7501: 7500:New Hollywood 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7320:Cannibal boom 7318: 7316: 7315:Calligrafismo 7313: 7311: 7308: 7304: 7301: 7300: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7283:Berlin School 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7247: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7233:Weird Western 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7064:Slice of life 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7017:Bavarian porn 7015: 7014: 7013: 7012:Sexploitation 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6970:Partisan film 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6938:Muslim social 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6920: 6919:Zombie comedy 6917: 6916: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6894:Giant monster 6892: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6878: 6875: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6695:Mexploitation 6693: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6549:Coming-of-age 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6464:Transgressive 6462: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6447:Psychological 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6397:Slice of life 6395: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6269: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6134:Psychological 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6109:Korean horror 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6079:Found footage 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5968:Magic realism 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5884:Sexploitation 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5835:Calligrafismo 5833: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5788:City symphony 5786: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5605: 5600: 5598: 5593: 5591: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5509: 5503: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5479: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5445: 5439: 5431: 5425: 5409: 5405: 5403: 5394: 5386: 5383: 5377: 5369: 5367:9780585241135 5363: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5297: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5251: 5247: 5246: 5238: 5232: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5183: 5176: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5148: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5066: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5044: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4989: 4981: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4948: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4898: 4882: 4878: 4871: 4864: 4858: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4793:Lewis Beale. 4789: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4757:Matt Brunson. 4754: 4747: 4746: 4738: 4732: 4727: 4718: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4659: 4658: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4602: 4593: 4584: 4577: 4572: 4566: 4561: 4555: 4550: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4490: 4482: 4475: 4467: 4463: 4456: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4317: 4302: 4295: 4292:(June 2014). 4291: 4290:Bentley, Toni 4285: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4256:(June 2014). 4255: 4254:Bentley, Toni 4249: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4212: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4190: 4183: 4177: 4172: 4156: 4150: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4087: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4068: 4067:Vincent Canby 4064: 4059: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4005: 3996: 3994: 3985: 3983:0-8166-3562-5 3979: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3962: 3954: 3952:0-415-23517-0 3948: 3944: 3937: 3929: 3926: 3920: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3870: 3863: 3856: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3801: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3628: 3627: 3621: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3593: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3563: 3556: 3548: 3541: 3539: 3529: 3521: 3519:9781441160690 3515: 3511: 3510: 3502: 3494: 3487: 3480:. Arno Press. 3479: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3439: 3431: 3424: 3422: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3280: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3202:New Hollywood 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3048:Auteur theory 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3015: 3004: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2894: 2893:Amores Perros 2889: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2858:industrialism 2855: 2851: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2810:Academy Award 2807: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2722: 2721:A Quiet Place 2717: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2600:, follows an 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2570:Kirsten Dunst 2566: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2295:Robert Altman 2291: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2231: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2129:Coen Brothers 2126: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2044:According to 2042: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1977:Koyaanisqatsi 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1897:Vincent Canby 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1873: 1872:The Decalogue 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1849:Andrzej Wajda 1842: 1841: 1835: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1772:method acting 1769: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730:Johnny Carson 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1609:Werner Herzog 1606: 1601: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1501:Vaja-Pshavela 1498: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1408:Andrei Rublev 1404: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1367: 1366:Alain Resnais 1363: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338: 1337:La Dolce Vita 1330: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1179: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1149:Seven Samurai 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1076:Ritwik Ghatak 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1035: 1033: 1030:, showed the 1029: 1028:Andrzej Wajda 1025: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 992: 991:The 400 Blows 987: 986: 981: 980: 975: 971: 967: 966: 961: 960: 949: 947: 946: 941: 937: 936: 931: 927: 926: 925:The Red Shoes 921: 917: 911: 909: 908: 903: 902: 897: 896: 891: 890: 885: 881: 880: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 858: 853: 852: 847: 843: 842: 837: 836: 831: 830: 825: 824: 819: 812: 811: 805: 796: 793: 792: 787: 786: 781: 777: 766: 757: 755: 751: 747: 742: 737: 734: 728: 724: 721: 716: 707: 705: 700: 698: 697: 692: 691: 686: 682: 681: 676: 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 628:Miramax Films 619: 616: 612: 611: 606: 602: 601: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 568: 567: 562: 557: 548: 546: 545: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 495: 493: 492: 491:The Red Shoes 487: 483: 479: 478: 473: 467: 465: 464: 459: 458: 453: 452: 447: 443: 442: 437: 433: 432: 427: 417: 414: 412: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 392:Arnaldo Ginna 389: 386: 382: 381:abstract film 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 354: 351: 347: 342: 338: 335: 331: 327: 326: 321: 318: 314: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 294: 289: 288:Salvador Dalí 285: 281: 276: 274: 273: 269: 265: 264: 259: 255: 254: 249: 248: 243: 239: 238: 233: 229: 228: 217: 216: 211: 210: 199: 190: 171: 169: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 114: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 91: 89: 86: 82: 79:, aimed at a 78: 74: 73:arthouse film 70: 66: 58: 57: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 7890:Experimental 7885:Ethnofiction 7802: 7632:Third Cinema 7535:Persian Film 7278:Auteur films 7249:By movement 7106:Swashbuckler 6965:Ozploitation 6960:Outlaw biker 6840:Martial arts 6835:Magical girl 6685:Exploitation 6680:Ethnographic 6609:Mafia comedy 6252:Pornographic 6129:Psycho-biddy 6114:Lovecraftian 5948:Contemporary 5929: 5923:Exploitation 5918:Experimental 5798:Mockumentary 5667:Biographical 5661: 5564:The Guardian 5563: 5544: 5524:. Retrieved 5518: 5508: 5497: 5488: 5478: 5468:12 September 5466:. Retrieved 5462:the original 5452: 5438: 5424: 5412:. Retrieved 5408:the original 5401: 5393: 5385: 5382: 5376: 5352: 5349: 5341: 5332: 5322: 5313: 5304: 5289: 5276: 5264: 5244: 5237: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5190: 5175: 5163:. Retrieved 5159:The Guardian 5157: 5147: 5135:. Retrieved 5131: 5121: 5109:. Retrieved 5103: 5093: 5081:. Retrieved 5075: 5072:"Black Swan" 5065: 5054: 5043: 5031:. Retrieved 5025: 5015: 5003:. Retrieved 4992: 4980: 4968:. Retrieved 4958: 4947: 4937:17 September 4935:. Retrieved 4925: 4916: 4907: 4897: 4885:. Retrieved 4881:the original 4870: 4862: 4857: 4837: 4828: 4819: 4809:27 September 4807:. Retrieved 4803:the original 4788: 4776:. Retrieved 4773:The Guardian 4772: 4762: 4753: 4744: 4737: 4726: 4717: 4705:. Retrieved 4701:the original 4691: 4679:. Retrieved 4675:the original 4665: 4655: 4650: 4641: 4631: 4621: 4615: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4560: 4549: 4537:. 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Retrieved 3297:the original 3292: 3283: 3024: 3018: 3014:The Simpsons 3012: 3010: 2998: 2988: 2983:Black Mirror 2981: 2972: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2939: 2929: 2921: 2920: 2897: 2891: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2848: 2829: 2823: 2818: 2814:Best Picture 2796: 2794: 2787: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2715:Annihilation 2713: 2707: 2701: 2697:(2016), the 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2670:Nightcrawler 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2646:The Babadook 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2580: 2574: 2558: 2540: 2526: 2521: 2510: 2505: 2495: 2492:Adam Sandler 2485: 2479: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2435: 2432:The Guardian 2431: 2425: 2419: 2415:Three Colors 2413: 2378: 2376: 2365: 2359: 2352: 2342: 2332: 2327: 2320: 2312: 2298: 2292: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2250: 2244: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2211: 2204: 2198: 2191: 2183: 2177: 2174:Wong Kar-wai 2167: 2164:Gus Van Sant 2161: 2152: 2148:Lost Highway 2146: 2132: 2122: 2116: 2106: 2100: 2076: 2070: 2059: 2049: 2043: 2031:black comedy 2024: 2010: 2000: 1994: 1975: 1969: 1954: 1949:subsidiary. 1936: 1930: 1925:Paris, Texas 1923: 1917: 1910: 1900: 1892: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1852: 1846: 1838: 1825: 1822:Sergio Leone 1815: 1811: 1805: 1790:Blade Runner 1789: 1785: 1781:Blade Runner 1779: 1776:Ridley Scott 1761: 1758:George Lucas 1747: 1726:adult erotic 1717: 1710:Toni Bentley 1705:My Fair Lady 1703: 1693: 1687: 1684:surrealistic 1677: 1671: 1664: 1654: 1646: 1636: 1633:Lotus Island 1626: 1612: 1602: 1595: 1589: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1549: 1543: 1541: 1529: 1519: 1508: 1494: 1480: 1462: 1450: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1413:icon painter 1406: 1398: 1391: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1364:by director 1359: 1349: 1335: 1333: 1315: 1314:, 1961) and 1311: 1305: 1295: 1294:(1968), and 1289: 1283: 1277: 1273:Winter Light 1271: 1266: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1237: 1231: 1223:Jules et Jim 1221: 1215: 1209: 1205: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1173: 1163: 1160:Kon Ichikawa 1153: 1147: 1144:Yasujirō Ozu 1137: 1131: 1125: 1116: 1112:Goutam Ghose 1089: 1086:Satyajit Ray 1079: 1068:Satyajit Ray 1041: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1005:A Generation 1003: 989: 983: 977: 970:Jesus Christ 963: 957: 955: 943: 933: 923: 912: 905: 901:Citizen Kane 899: 893: 887: 882:(1939) is a 877: 866:F. W. Murnau 855: 849: 839: 833: 827: 821: 815: 808: 789: 783: 780:Gus Van Sant 772: 763: 754:Adam Sandler 738: 729: 725: 717: 713: 704:Roger Corman 701: 694: 688: 678: 668: 662:division of 654:division of 646:division of 638:division of 630:distributed 625: 608: 598: 574: 571: 564: 542: 496: 489: 485: 481: 475: 471: 468: 461: 460:(1946), and 455: 449: 439: 431:The Informer 429: 423: 415: 408: 403: 399: 395: 376: 365:Hans Richter 360: 358: 353:"cinéma pur" 352: 329: 323: 322: 317:Ivor Montagu 301: 298:Jean Cocteau 291: 277: 270: 261: 251: 245: 235: 225: 223: 213: 207: 157: 147: 134:auteur films 125: 115: 95:film studies 92: 81:niche market 72: 68: 64: 62: 54: 43: 8220:Visual arts 8195:Film styles 8190:Film genres 8116:Video nasty 8111:Underground 8096:Slow cinema 8066:Sceneggiata 7954:Live action 7932:Independent 7912:Film à clef 7880:Docufiction 7848:Compilation 7823:Blockbuster 7791:Traditional 7786:Stop-motion 7722:Chick flick 7580:Slow cinema 7570:Remodernist 7385:Free Cinema 7365:Erra Cinema 7330:Cinema Novo 7208:Revisionist 6717:Gendai-geki 6653:Psychedelic 6641:Apocalyptic 6507:Beach party 6402:Slow cinema 6375:Space opera 6340:Fantastique 6211:Sceneggiata 6201:Musicarello 6074:Fantastique 5953:Fantastique 5896:Educational 5823:Video essay 5778:Documentary 5526:24 December 5489:The Avocado 5165:26 February 5005:22 February 4445:26 February 4238:21 February 4022:22 February 3909:22 February 3878:22 February 3845:22 February 3790:22 February 3763:29 December 3732:29 December 3700:29 December 3664:archive.org 3615:. 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