42:
901:
432:
446:
298:
409:
Arnold attacked the powers of the Roman Church, and he had a radical zeal to have moral reform in the clergy. Arnold rejected a theocratical state and instead believed that the church and state need to be in complete separation. Arnold believed in "apostolic poverty" and that the church needs to be
336:. Arnold sided with the people immediately and, after Pierleoni's deposition, soon became the intellectual leader of the Commune, calling for freedoms and democratic rights. Arnold taught that clergy who owned property had no power to perform the
274:. Arnold stood alone against the church's decision after Abélard's capitulation; he returned to Paris, where he continued to teach and preach against Bernard. As a consequence he was then commanded to silence and exiled by
240:. He called on the Church to renounce its claim and return ownership to the city government so as not to be tainted by possession—renunciation of worldliness being one of his primary teachings. He was condemned at the
344:
on 15 July 1148. When Pope Eugene returned to the city in 1148, Arnold continued to lead the blossoming republic despite his excommunication. In summing up these events,
1317:
290:
as a further measure, though that judgement is the only evidence that he had actually written anything. Arnold continued to preach his radical ideas concerning
710:
Arnold von
Brescia im Spiegel von acht Jahrhunderten Rezeption. Ein Beispiel fĂĽr Europas Umgang mit der mittelalterlichen Geschichte vom Humanismus bis heute
1312:
386:
in June and his body burnt. Because he remained a hero to large sections of the Roman people and the minor clergy, his ashes were cast into the
813:
900:
1233:
1322:
1250:
645:
1327:
1297:
621:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049-1294 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library"
417:
Arnold denied the power of the Roman church and believed that sinful clergy lose their right of administering the sacraments.
655:
721:
Exile in the Middle Ages. Selected
Proceedings from the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 8–11 July 2002
200:, though no written word of his has survived the official condemnation. Protestants rank him among the precursors of the
1227:
17:
538:(1974) sets Arnold in the broader intellectual history that culminated in the thirteenth-century institutions of the
1075:
806:
237:
1302:
951:
1172:
364:
401:
In 1882, after the collapse of Papal temporal powers, the city of
Brescia erected a monument to its native son.
1184:
799:
1050:
1307:
1332:
320:, who ordered him to submit himself to the mercy of the Church in Rome. When he arrived, he found that
382:. Faced with the stake, he refused to recant any of his positions. Convicted of rebellion, Arnold was
1065:
781:
584:
Constant J. Mews, "The
Council of Sens (1141): Abelard, Bernard, and the Fear of Social Upheaval"
41:
459:
420:
Some of his critics attacked Arnold for having "offensive views on baptism and the
Eucharist".
309:
Arnold, who is known only from the vituperative condemnation of his foes, was declared to be a
241:
221:
201:
1287:
197:
162:
301:
Arnold of
Brescia's corpse burned at the stake by the Papal guards; a much later print from
1292:
1217:
1108:
855:
271:
1179:
717:
Arnold of
Brescia in Exile: April 1139 to December 1143 – His Role as a Reformer, Reviewed
374:
and forced Arnold again into exile. Arnold was seized by
Imperial forces and tried by the
352:
later expressed his view that "the trumpet of Roman liberty was first sounded by Arnold."
8:
1086:
1055:
822:
724:
437:
126:
489:
1189:
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321:
620:
1222:
1167:
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935:
865:
850:
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518:
291:
217:
185:
262:. He approved of Abélard's proposals for monastic reform. The issue came before the
259:
184:. Though he failed as a religious reformer and a political leader, his teachings on
1157:
539:
514:
325:
275:
248:
146:
1128:
1070:
739:
556:
345:
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317:
229:
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561:
1207:
1092:
1044:
1004:
928:
356:
302:
154:
674:
232:'s temporal powers that involved it in a land struggle in Brescia against the
1281:
1212:
1080:
1010:
956:
700:
349:
341:
233:
116:
1162:
886:
451:
340:. He succeeded in driving Pope Eugene into exile in 1146, for which he was
287:
87:
998:
987:
946:
733:
Dissent and Order in the Middle Ages: The Search for
Legitimate Authority
464:
375:
256:
193:
316:
Having returned to Italy after 1143, in 1145 Arnold made his peace with
982:
647:
Scriptural
Baptism: A Dialog Between John Bapstead and Martin Childfont
411:
410:
restored to apostolic purity. The second Lateran council condemned the
337:
189:
791:
180:; his remains were burned posthumously and the ashes thrown into the
1123:
1118:
860:
551:
371:
368:
310:
225:
771:, (Cambridge University Press) 1931. The first biography in English.
279:
1136:
1113:
992:
922:
844:
469:
329:
158:
69:
297:
270:
in 1141 and both Arnold and Abélard's positions were overruled by
1038:
881:
431:
383:
283:
213:
98:
65:
47:
172:
Exiled at least three times and eventually arrested, Arnold was
395:
391:
379:
177:
173:
165:
to renounce property-ownership and participated in the failed
387:
328:, taken control of the city from papal forces, and founded a
263:
252:
181:
360:
267:
83:
600:
Reginald L. Poole, "John of Salisbury at the Papal Court"
1267:
indicate their inclusion to be controversial or disputed.
390:, to prevent his burial place becoming venerated as the
348:
called Arnold "the father of political heresies", while
566:
427:
324:'s followers had asserted the ancient rights of the
513:The only surviving sources for Arnold's life are
378:as a rebel. Importantly, he was never accused of
1279:
1318:People executed by the Papal States by hanging
786:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
807:
776:Mediaeval Italy from Charlemagne to Henry VII
744:Arnaldo da Brescia nelle fonti del secolo XII
562:http://www.ccel.org/f/foxe/martyrs/fox106.htm
751:La storia e la memoria di Arnaldo da Brescia
1313:12th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
643:
1234:Triumph of the Cross (Girolamo Savonarola)
814:
800:
675:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Arnold of Brescia"
40:
1251:Comparison of Catharism and Protestantism
487:
367:, who took Rome by force in 1155 after a
27:Italian Christian preacher (c. 1090–1155)
607:No. 151 (July 1923: 321–330) pp. 323ff.
359:swiftly took steps to regain control of
296:
821:
730:
572:
255:under the tutelage of the reformer and
188:gained currency after his death among "
14:
1280:
1031:
795:
669:
667:
488:Niccolini, Giovanni Battista (1846).
615:
613:
24:
1228:Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards
727:, Turnhout 2004, pp. 213–231.
664:
481:
460:History of Rome in the Middle Ages
25:
1344:
762:Arnaldo da Brescia e il suo tempo
610:
244:in 1139 and banished from Italy.
141:1090 – June 1155), also known as
80:June 1155 (aged 64–65)
46:Monument to Arnold of Brescia in
1323:Economic history of the Holy See
899:
731:Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1992).
444:
430:
1328:Executed Roman Catholic priests
637:
1298:Religious leaders from Brescia
746:(Rome 1954; repr. Turin 1989).
735:. Wipf & Stock publishers.
594:
578:
545:
528:
507:
498:
228:in Brescia. He criticized the
13:
1:
712:, Vienna-Berlin-MĂĽnster 2007.
694:
650:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
602:The English Historical Review
313:; his motives were impugned.
138:
59:
757:32/4 (1991) p. 943–952.
491:Arnold of Brescia: a tragedy
414:for denying infant baptism.
247:According to the chronicler
207:
7:
644:Saarnivaara, Uuras (2003).
423:
355:After Pope Eugene's death,
10:
1349:
767:George William Greenaway,
723:, ed. by Laura Napran and
404:
278:. He took refuge first in
1259:
1243:
1200:
1150:
1101:
1076:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples
1024:
975:
915:
908:
897:
874:
836:
829:
286:. His writings were also
122:
112:
104:
94:
76:
55:
39:
32:
1185:Savoyard–Waldensian wars
1066:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel
782:Ferdinand A. Gregorovius
760:Maurizio Pegrari (ed.),
591:.2 (April 2002:342–382).
536:The Coming of the Friars
475:
251:, Arnold had studied in
192:" and more widely among
1303:Executed Italian people
715:Romedio Schmitz-Esser,
708:Romedio Schmitz-Esser,
560:lists him as a martyr:
749:Grado Giovanni Merlo,
306:
242:Second Lateran Council
150:
704:: "Arnold of Brescia"
702:Catholic Encyclopedia
523:Historia Pontificalis
300:
282:and then probably in
198:Spiritual Franciscans
1218:Jistebnice hymn book
1109:Bohemian Reformation
1051:Mikuláš of Pelhřimov
856:Gottschalk of Orbais
534:Rosalind B. Brooke.
365:Frederick Barbarossa
272:Bernard of Clairvaux
99:Execution by hanging
1173:Peace of Kutná Hora
1087:Girolamo Savonarola
823:Proto-Protestantism
725:Elisabeth van Houts
504:Greenaway 1931:162.
438:Christianity portal
216:, Arnold became an
127:Proto-Protestantism
95:Cause of death
1308:Augustinian canons
1190:Piedmontese Easter
967:Marsilius of Padua
788:6th ed. 1953–1957.
774:Pasquale Villari,
322:Giordano Pierleoni
307:
151:Arnaldo da Brescia
18:Arnaldo da Brescia
1333:Proto-Protestants
1275:
1274:
1223:Ecclesiae Regimen
1180:MĂ©rindol massacre
1168:Compacts of Basel
1146:
1145:
1061:Johannes von Goch
1020:
1019:
962:Matthias of Janov
952:MilĂÄŤ of KroměřĂĹľ
942:Arnold of Brescia
936:Henry of Lausanne
895:
894:
866:Berengar of Tours
851:Claudius of Turin
769:Arnold of Brescia
679:www.newadvent.org
657:978-1-7252-0029-6
519:John of Salisbury
517:and a chapter in
363:. He allied with
292:apostolic poverty
218:Augustinian canon
186:apostolic poverty
161:, called on the
135:Arnold of Brescia
132:
131:
34:Arnold of Brescia
16:(Redirected from
1340:
1158:Oldcastle Revolt
1102:Sects and groups
1029:
1028:
976:Sects and groups
913:
912:
903:
875:Sects and groups
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276:Pope Innocent II
249:Otto of Freising
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1071:Wessel Gansfort
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764:, Brescia 1991.
740:Arsenio Frugoni
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557:Book of Martyrs
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346:Caesar Baronius
334:Commune of Rome
326:commune of Rome
318:Pope Eugene III
230:Catholic Church
210:
167:Commune of Rome
90:
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72:
63:
51:
50:, Italy (1882).
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1129:Czech Brethren
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1093:Luke of Prague
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1056:Petr ChelÄŤickĂ˝
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357:Pope Adrian IV
342:excommunicated
303:Martyrs Mirror
288:ordered burned
260:Pierre Abélard
209:
206:
169:of 1144–1193.
153:), an Italian
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1213:Hussite Bible
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1081:Lorenzo Valla
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1011:Petrobrusians
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957:John Wycliffe
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766:
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755:Studi Storici
752:
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575:, p. 37.
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350:Edward Gibbon
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155:canon regular
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117:Canon regular
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38:
31:
19:
1288:1090s births
1264:
1232:
1163:Hussite Wars
1135:
1085:
1043:
1025:1400–1500 AD
1009:
997:
941:
934:
927:
909:1100–1400 AD
887:Berengarians
843:
785:
775:
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761:
754:
750:
743:
732:
720:
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709:
701:
682:. Retrieved
678:
646:
639:
628:. Retrieved
625:www.ccel.org
624:
604:
601:
596:
588:
585:
580:
573:Russell 1992
568:
555:
547:
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509:
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490:
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452:Italy portal
419:
416:
408:
400:
354:
315:
308:
246:
234:Count-Bishop
211:
171:
142:
134:
133:
88:Papal States
1293:1155 deaths
999:Strigolniki
988:Waldensians
947:Peter Waldo
830:400–1100 AD
465:Waldensians
376:Roman Curia
257:philosopher
202:Reformation
194:Waldensians
182:River Tiber
105:Nationality
1282:Categories
1201:Literature
983:Arnoldists
695:References
684:2022-02-03
630:2022-02-03
412:Arnoldists
338:Sacraments
190:Arnoldists
113:Occupation
1124:Utraquism
1119:Taborites
1045:Jan Žižka
861:Ratramnus
494:. London.
470:Donatists
372:interdict
369:Holy Week
311:demagogue
226:monastery
220:and then
208:Biography
1137:Piagnoni
1114:Hussites
993:Lollardy
923:Tanchelm
845:Jovinian
586:Speculum
424:See also
330:republic
212:Born in
196:and the
159:Lombardy
143:Arnaldus
123:Movement
70:Lombardy
1265:Italics
1039:Jan Hus
882:Pataria
778:, 1910.
405:Beliefs
284:Bavaria
238:Brescia
214:Brescia
176:by the
147:Italian
108:Italian
66:Brescia
48:Brescia
1151:Events
1032:People
916:People
837:People
753:, in:
719:, in:
654:
396:martyr
392:shrine
384:hanged
380:heresy
332:, the
280:ZĂĽrich
178:papacy
174:hanged
163:Church
1244:Other
476:Notes
394:of a
388:Tiber
264:Synod
253:Paris
224:of a
222:prior
157:from
652:ISBN
552:Foxe
361:Rome
268:Sens
84:Rome
77:Died
62:1090
56:Born
554:'s
521:'s
266:of
236:of
1284::
784:,
742:,
677:.
666:^
623:.
612:^
605:38
589:77
398:.
294:.
204:.
149::
139:c.
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