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descent. Orphaned as an infant, he was adopted at age 1 by Rafael Tamayo and
Esperanza Méndez. He began working at age 13 as a shoeshine and vegetable vendor and later worked as a carpenter's assistant.
376:'s seventh Intercosmos program on 1 March 1978. His backup in the Intercosmos program was fellow Cuban José López Falcón. Tamayo would spend the next two and a half years in training for the mission.
914:
278:, he entered the Technical Institute "Rebel Army", completing a course for aviation technicians in December 1960. Wishing to become a fighter pilot, he went on to join the
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He has been honored by the Cuban
Government for being the first Cuban, the first Caribbean, and the first Latin American to go into orbit. He was awarded the titles of
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427:. The SAS experiment involved wearing special adjustable shoes that placed a load on the arch of the foot for six hours a day. After 124
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Following his time in the
Intercosmos program, Tamayo was made Director of the Military Patriotic Educational Society known as
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Aviation
Brigade and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel the following year. In 1978 he was selected to join the
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of the Earth (lasting 7 days, 20 hours and 43 minutes), Tamayo and
Romanenko landed 180 km (110 mi) from
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and the first person of
African heritage in space. In 1980, as a member of the crew of
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653:"Tamayo Méndez, Arnaldo (1942- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed"
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medal, the first person to be so honored. In Moscow he received the
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Recipients of the Medal "For Merit in Space
Exploration"
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he joined the
Association of Young Rebels, a group protesting the
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78:
26:
282:. Between April 1961 and May 1962, Tamayo completed a course in
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Burgess, Colin; Hall, Rex (2009). "The
Intercosmos Programme".
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and spent the next two years serving with Cuban forces in the
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274:, and later the Revolutionary Work Youth Brigades. After the
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Soviet postage stamp commemorating the Soyuz 38 mission.
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Maximo Gomez Basic
College of the Revolutionary Forces
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Furniss, Tim; Shayler, David J. (2007). "Soyuz 38".
495:Tamayo is married and has two daughters and a son.
682:"Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez - Cuban pilot and cosmonaut"
438:Upon his return to Earth he was decorated with the
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866:
707:Harland, David M. (2007). "Routine Operations".
411:(SAS), and perhaps even find a cure, and on the
33: and the second or maternal family name is
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571:"Soviets Launch World's First Black Cosmonaut"
435:. The landing was risky, as it was at night.
538:
536:
304:Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force
234:, and the first person from a country in the
617:"Cosmonaut Biography: Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez"
238:other than the United States to travel into
827:"Pilots and aviators of the Cuban Aviation"
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324:In 1975, he was made Chief of Staff of the
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797:"Guantánamo - Los candidatos del pueblo"
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469:Since 1980, he has been a Deputy in the
460:Sociedad de Educación Patriótico-Militar
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356:, on display at Museo de la Revolución,
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737:Praxis Manned Spaceflight Log 1961-2006
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250:Tamayo was born on 29 January 1942, in
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900:20th-century Cuban military personnel
56:Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez in Moscow, 2022
603:"Conociendo a Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez"
317:, returning in 1969 to study at the
671:
516:List of African-American astronauts
498:His space suit is preserved at the
372:Tamayo was selected as part of the
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905:Foreign Heroes of the Soviet Union
473:, representing his home region of
407:in an attempt to find what caused
14:
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819:
403:, Tamayo and Romanenko conducted
387:, was launched into space aboard
910:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
846:"Ver el planeta desde la altura"
488:. He also is a recipient of the
462:"SEPMI". After his promotion to
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395:on 18 September 1980, at 19:11
280:Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces
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546:The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team
294:Higher Air Force School in the
246:Early life and military service
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740:. Springer. pp. 235–236.
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710:The Story of Space Station Mir
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688:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
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595:
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1:
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852:(in Spanish). 4 October 2005
713:. Springer. pp. 92–93.
482:Hero of the Republic of Cuba
440:Hero of the Republic of Cuba
203:(born 29 January 1942) is a
112:Hero of the Republic of Cuba
25:, the first or paternal
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521:List of Hispanic astronauts
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309:In 1967, Tamayo joined the
16:Cuban cosmonaut (born 1942)
10:
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767:Encyclopedia Astronautica
549:. Springer. p. 339.
409:space adaptation syndrome
232:person of African descent
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583:(4): 8. 9 October 1980.
500:Museum of the Revolution
490:Hero of the Soviet Union
448:Hero of the Soviet Union
116:Hero of the Soviet Union
895:Cuban military aviators
686:Encyclopedia Britannica
471:Cuban National Assembly
311:Communist Party of Cuba
925:People from Guantánamo
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336:for his training as a
222:, he became the first
165:1978 Intercosmos Group
920:Reconnaissance pilots
885:Astronaut-politicians
446:and was also named a
425:Cuba's sugar industry
423:, for the benefit of
399:. After docking with
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332:program and moved to
201:Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez
44:Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez
486:Order of Playa Girón
300:Cuban Missile Crisis
475:Guantánamo Province
393:Baikonur Cosmodrome
379:Tamayo, along with
344:Intercosmos program
258:, into a family of
256:Guantánamo province
226:citizen, the first
774:on 13 October 2007
605:. 26 October 2016.
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236:Western Hemisphere
138:Research Cosmonaut
657:www.blackpast.org
464:brigadier general
352:Arnaldo Tamayo's
334:Star City, Russia
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146:Brigadier General
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799:. Archived from
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276:Cuban Revolution
268:Cuban Revolution
208:military officer
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182:Mission insignia
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803:on 15 June 2011
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72:29 January 1942
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820:External links
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856:21 September
854:. Retrieved
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321:until 1971.
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296:Soviet Union
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230:, the first
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123:Space career
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23:Spanish name
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875:1942 births
836:23 November
778:23 November
628:23 November
433:Dzhezkazgan
405:experiments
330:Intercosmos
326:Santa Clara
315:Vietnam War
266:During the
240:Earth orbit
136:Intercosmos
869:Categories
622:Spacefacts
527:References
383:cosmonaut
260:Afro-Cuban
212:legislator
156:7d 20h 43m
98:Occupation
68:1942-01-29
589:0021-5996
338:cosmonaut
216:cosmonaut
161:Selection
850:BBC News
692:4 August
663:4 August
510:See also
484:and the
401:Salyut 6
389:Soyuz 38
220:Soyuz 38
175:Soyuz 38
171:Missions
21:In this
807:22 June
492:award.
417:sucrose
290:at the
288:MiG-15s
252:Baracoa
93:Retired
79:Baracoa
27:surname
744:
717:
587:
553:
504:Havana
429:orbits
381:Soviet
358:Havana
108:Awards
90:Status
35:Méndez
31:Tamayo
391:from
292:Yeysk
286:with
224:Cuban
205:Cuban
102:Pilot
858:2008
838:2007
809:2009
780:2007
742:ISBN
715:ISBN
694:2017
665:2017
630:2007
585:ISSN
551:ISBN
143:Rank
83:Cuba
62:Born
576:Jet
502:in
419:in
415:of
397:UTC
29:is
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788:^
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66:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
