Army Air Forces Training Command

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brackets required by some of the work. At the peak of WAC enrollment, in January 1945, more than 200 different job categories were filled by enlisted women, while WAC officers held more than 60 different types of jobs in addition to that of company officer. A flexible system of assignment enabled the AAF to use WACs with special skills found in only a very few women, like those who were skilled as chemists, cartographers, geodetic computers, topographers, sanitary inspectors, and even dog-trainers. But as might be expected, a high percentage—-about 50 percent—-of the WACs held administrative or office jobs. These clerks, typists, and stenographers were doing what they had been doing in civilian life.

1440: 925:). Initially the command trained its own crews by recruiting directly from civilian life a large number of flyers, many of the civilians were subsequently commissioned as non-combat service pilots, a rating for which the qualifications were somewhat lower than those for combat duty. However, as the number of routes and scope of Air Transport Command increased, the Air Transportation Division of ATC in time had to rely on military personnel. To provide training for use of its own planes and for the special requirements of its far-flung operations, the division began operating an OTU in 1942, drawing on the graduates of the Training Command advanced two and four-engine flight schools. 765: 185: 742: 957: 268:

on 15 March 1942, and merged with Army Air Forces Technical Training Command to become Army Air Forces Training Command on 31 July 1943. Continuing service after the war, it was redesignated Air Training Command on 1 July 1946. During the consolidation of Air Force Major Commands in the retrenchment of the 1990s, Air Training Command assumed control of Air University and became Air Education and Training Command on 1 July 1993—today's Air Education and Training Command (AETC), which celebrated its 75th anniversary 23 January 2017. see the Lineage and honors statement for AETC.

1101: 1646: 468: 230: 3537: 1804:, particularly courses associated with very heavy bombardment. Then, with the cessation of hostilities in the Pacific, most training ceased for those students not planning to remain in the post-war air forces. Before that time, however, the trend in training had gone increasingly toward specialized training on particular types of aircraft. Then during the last four months of 1945, rapid retrenchment in training occurred, and emphasis shifted to separating people from the Army Air Forces and reorganizing Training Command for its still undetermined peacetime goals. 599: 376: 300:

training facilities, instructors, as well as the procurement of aircraft and other equipment, though at a breakneck pace, constrained the rate of increase of production. Facilities were used to their maximum capacity as quickly as they could be stood up. Some schools were expanded while they were still under construction. New airfields had to be located in areas with sufficient flying space free of other air traffic, and the West Coast training center faced the extraordinary requirement to avoid sites near the internment camps for Japanese-Americans.

525: 3452: 455:

type of schooling. The objective was to establish a relationship between civilian occupational experiences and a job specialty that would be most useful to the AAF. After the interview a classifier reviewed the recruit's papers and made a recommended assignment to an MOS. By 1938, high school diplomas or direct, qualifying experience was required for entry in the Air Corps Technical School at Chanute Field, IL, but by World War II, the requirement was dropped to accommodate the vast numbers of personnel required to operate a vast Air Force.

87: 536:(ASF) auspices. Once completed, they began to arrive at Army Air Force stations in September. The influx of 27,000 recruits did not pose a major training problem for the AAF. There was no need for elaborate technical training because the majority of women, in contrast to the seventeen- and eighteen- year-old boys being inducted, had a usable skill before they enlisted, often in the highly prized clerical field. The AAF proposed and pioneered in a time-saving policy of avoiding unnecessary training for women already qualified. 754: 1172: 322: 1460:, it was unique among the programs the Air Corps offered to Allied nations inasmuch as the British dealt directly with the contractors and completely controlled all aspects of the flying training process. Basically, the Air Corps just helped the RAF and the contractors select the sites for the schools and then supervised their construction. The schools were located at Mesa, Arizona; Lancaster, California; Clewiston, Florida; Miami and Ponca City, Oklahoma; Terrell, Texas; and, briefly, Sweetwater, Texas. 1273: 544:

in and graduate from a training course. It is known only that approximately 2,000 women completed courses in AAF technical schools, including those for Link-trainer instructors, airplane mechanics, sheet-metal workers, weather forecasters, weather observers, electrical specialists of several kinds, teletype operators, control-tower specialists, cryptographers, radio mechanics, parachute riggers, bombsight-maintenance specialists, clerks, photo-laboratory technicians, and photo-interpreters.

3608: 1008:). By the latter date, students on gunnery missions fired from these, while two-engine aircraft towed targets and single engine tactical aircraft simulated attacks on the bombers. Unfortunately, towed targets hardly resembled attacking fighter aircraft, but one device that more closely simulated combat conditions was a camera gun that students "fired" at fighter aircraft flying in normal attack patterns toward the bombers. These cameras, which came into general use during 1944 and 1945. 38: 70: 1265: 1569:

the command was selected at Tulsa, Oklahoma. Further decentralization was achieved by grouping the technical schools into two districts. In a functional arrangement which placed basic military and aviation mechanic training under one command and remaining specialties under another, the first district included Scott Field, Lowry Field, and Fort Logan; the second district was composed of Chanute Field, Keesler Field, Sheppard Field, and Jefferson Barracks.

3584: 391:, Texas, where the command already had mechanic schools. A group of officers and enlisted men from Scott Field became the initial staff for Jefferson Barracks, and it, in turn, provided cadres to staff the replacement training centers at Keesler and Sheppard. These installations did the same for subsequent replacement training centers. The curriculum of indoctrination training lasted six weeks. It consisted of: 246: 1545:, Texas, both activated in 1941 with a mission of technical training. Also, because technical schools did not require flying facilities, the Army Air Forces took over a total of 452 hotels, as well as warehouses, theaters, convention halls, athletic fields, parking lots, and various other structures to accommodate student classroom space. The number of hotels at the peak of training included 337 in 3596: 2982: 1464:

reach all the controls. That problem was usually solved through the use of extra cushions and occasionally by switching them to another type of airplane. A bigger problem was the language barrier. It took all the interpreters the Air Corps could muster to support the training programs for the Chinese. In the end, 3,553 Chinese received flying and technical training, including 866 pilots.

418:, the Air Corps had 21,000 recruits at the three replacement training centers. The subsequently phenomenal growth of technical school quotas made these three centers inadequate to supply recruits for technical training, so the number of basic training centers expanded to 12 (plus one provisional center) by the spring of 1943. This included new dedicated BTC facilities set up at 1153:. In 1941 the Air Corps directed Flying Training Command to establish a glider training program. Contract schools opened soon after. Students learned to perform maintenance and, in an emergency, to rebuild wrecked gliders. This was a relatively simple operation, considering that the primary glider consisted of little more than a shell, equipped with radio, wheels, and brakes. 451:

men, was filled out partly at the AAF reception center prior to entering training and more fully later at the BTC. This form was kept current throughout their career by the addition of pertinent information; it followed him wherever he went until he died in the service or was discharged, at which time the form was forwarded to the Adjutant General for permanent filing.

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jurisdiction of one of the four numbered air forces. Men designated as replacements were sent to an RTU group where they received a similar though shorter course than that given in an OTU. As they completed the required phases of training, individuals and crews were drawn from the RTU and given deployment orders overseas to their assigned group in the combat areas.

1534:. With the expansion of the Air Corps after May 1940, technical training was expanded rapidly. By early November 1941, students were entering technical training at the rate of 110,000 per year, and after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor the student flow rose sharply: 13,000 men entered technical training schools in January 1942 and 55,000 in December 1942. 940:, Nevada specialized on training C-47 and C-46 pilots for China-India operations, flying "The Hump" across the Himalayan Mountains. Although Homestead and Reno conducted full transport crew training, graduation of students was on an individual, rather than crew, basis. A specialized fighter transition school for the ATC Ferrying Division was established at 442:, Texas, that had previously not had replacement training centers. As lessons from combat theaters found their way into the training program, more attention was paid to camouflage, individual security, defense against air attack, scouting and patrolling, and recognition of American aircraft--subjects combined in 1944 into a nine-hour course. 1970: 778:

halves: a lower half and an upper half . The lower half was made up of students just beginning the stage and the upper half was made up of the students who were half-finished. The more experienced cadets would (hopefully) help the new cadets get through the section before they were promoted to the next stage.

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assistance the military has provided an initial period of basic military training, a course of instruction intended to transform the raw recruit into an airman. Only after completion of basic training are recruits, in theory, advanced to instruction in the technical specialties to which they are assigned.

1028:. This individual operated the engine control panel of the aircraft. Located behind the pilot, the panel contained all operating instruments but those the pilot used to control the altitude and direction of the B-29. At the direction of the pilot, the flight engineer used these instruments to adjust the 1706:

As communications equipment became increasingly specialized, the AAF found it necessary to establish more and more courses of training in the operation and maintenance of radio and radar devices. In 1944 some men were being trained solely as radio mechanics, some as radio operators, and still others

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To the flying cadets, the Contract Flying Schools (CFS) were just another training assignment—although the flight instructors were civilian contractors, the cadets still experienced the discipline and drudgery of military life. The CFS's were assigned to the various Flying Training Commands, and each

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When the Air Corps began to lay its plans for expansion in the fall of 1938, one of its major tasks was the provision of facilities for the additional thousands of men to be trained in (1) basic military courtesies, customs and traditions, to include classification of personnel for advanced training.

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had major subordinate Commands below the Air Staff level. These Commands were organized along functional missions. One such Command was the Flying Training Command (FTC). It began as Air Corps Flying Training Command on 23 January 1942, was redesignated Army Air Forces Flying Training Command (AAFTC)

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In April 1944 the Army Air Forces developed a new, temporary organization known as the Army Air Forces Base Unit (AAFBU), usually referred to as "AAF Base Units" to standardize unit designations assigned to bases, one for each base in the United States, with separate additional base units to provide

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fighters. In addition to ferrying, the WASPs performed many other tasks such as glider and target towing, radar calibration flights, aircraft testing, and other noncombat duties to release male pilots for overseas action. The WASPs flew approximately 60 million miles and suffered 38 fatalities, or 1

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The job training of women was so completely integrated with the entire AAF training program that virtually no separate statistics are available as a basis for comparing the record of the women with male trainees. Obviously, this policy meant that the WACs had to be as well qualified as men to enroll

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AAF policy did not prevent specialist training for women who would benefit by it or were highly qualified for it; in fact, the AAF early opened to women virtually its entire roster of job specialties and schools. On 20 November 1943 WACs were declared eligible to attend any noncombat training course

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During World War II, the training of its officers and enlisted men was one of the chief functions of the United States Army Air Forces, consuming a great deal of money, people, equipment, and time. Such training encompassed both flying personnel along with the ground support personnel needed to have

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While the preponderance of students trained in the United States during World War II were British, French, or Chinese, over 20 other nations also sent students. Most came from Latin America, most notably Brazil and Mexico. A smattering of others came from Australia, Turkey, the Netherlands, and the

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Classes entered the WASP program at monthly intervals. A total of 18 classes completed training: 8 in 1943 and 10 in 1944. Of the 25,000 women who applied for flight training, 1,830 were accepted, and of those, 1,074 received their wings. Entrance requirements remained essentially the same as those

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taught basic flight using two-seater training aircraft. Performed at civilian-operated flight schools for primary training. At peak strength there were 56 such schools in operation. The most popular primary trainers were the Stearman PT-13 and PT-17 "Kaydet," the Fairchild PT-19 "Cornell," and the

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Once the trainee was evaluated, tested and a recommended MOS assigned, after graduation they were assigned to various Advanced Technical Schools for specialization training. Recruits who were classified as possible flying personnel were sent to one of the three preflight and classification centers

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All men were tested during the recruit training and indoctrination period to determine their eligibility for assignment to meet the enlarged technical training goals. A soldier's qualification card (WD AGO Form 20), which occupied a central place in the scheme of classifying and assigning enlisted

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Of the constellation of technical training courses offered to officers and enlisted men in 116 different schools (32 of them factory schools) at the end of 1944, many involved advanced training in aircraft maintenance. One of the most important of these was a power plant course designed to produce

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The heavy burden of the greatly expanded program for technical training had forced the Air Corps to establish the Air Corps Technical Training Command on 1 March 1941. Temporary headquarters for the new command was established at Chanute Field on 26 March; In September a permanent headquarters for

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The United States also assisted the Chinese Air Force. The Air Corps conducted most of the training for the Chinese at three Arizona installations: Luke, Williams, and Thunderbird Fields. Training the Chinese presented some special challenges. Because of their small stature some students could not

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Two decades later, with World War II looming large, the United States had a chance to reciprocate. When the Lend-Lease Act became law on 11 March 1941, the British were isolated, facing a hostile continent. France had fallen in 1940, the British had retreated from Dunkirk at the same time, and the

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program. It was always assumed they would become part of the Army when a proper place within the military organization could be found for them. In fact, bills were introduced in Congress to give them military rank, but even with General Arnold's support, all efforts failed to absorb the WASPs into

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According to the contract, the government supplied students with training aircraft, flying clothes, textbooks, and equipment. Schools furnished instructors, training sites and facilities, aircraft maintenance, quarters, and mess halls. From the Air Corps, schools received a flat fee of $ 1,170 for

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Graduates of advanced training schools were commissioned as Second Lieutenants and awarded their "Wings" (Pilot, Bombardier, Navigator, Gunner). After completion of individual training, pilots were given eight to twelve weeks of training as a team in new combat groups using the same aircraft they

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training. Limited availability of B-29s restricted training, but by November regular training of crews had begun at Maxwell on B-29s stripped of their armament and gear. Further expansion of training was limited by continued delays in the delivery of B-29s, so Second Air Force continued to provide

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Public Law 554 on 15 May 1942 created a Women's Army Auxiliary Corps for service with the Army of the United States. In September 1943 the WAAC was replaced by the Women's Army Corps (WAC). The measure permitted the enlistment of 150,000 women between the ages of twenty-one and forty-five, but the

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veterans ("Retreads") who had obtained professional degrees between the wars was utilized in administrative roles such as Station Adjutants and Group Ground Commanders and underwent OTS training. The majority were slated for administrative or instructional duties in the Army Air Forces, but there

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began as a 12-week course, but it expanded to 16 weeks in 1943. It also began as a uniform program for all officer candidates, but after 1943 the last phase of training was divided into specialized training for adjutants and personnel officers, as well as supply, mess, intelligence, guard company,

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The AAF used a series of test batteries and interviews to ascertain the job experience and mental equipment of recruits. An important phase of the classification of recruits was the interview which uncovered such civilian experiences as skills derived from employment or hobbies and the extent and

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Army Air Forces Flying Training Command's mission was conducting the flying program for new Army pilot candidates and air cadets. The program was divided in to stages including primary, advanced and specific classification such as pursuit, twin engine and multi-engine. These phases were prelude to

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By the end of 1945, the primary functions of AAF Training Command had become the rapid separation of eligible personnel from the Army Air Forces and the recruiting of Regular Army enlistees to operate the post-war air forces. Consequently, in early September Training Command headquarters set up a

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Requirements in the combat theaters for graduates of technical training schools and even pilots proved to be smaller than initially expected, so the Army Air Forces reduced the size of these training programs in January 1944. the Central Technical Training Command in St. Louis was discontinued 1

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In World War I, partially trained American pilots arrived in Europe unprepared to fight the Germans. They completed their training in French, British, and Italian schools in aircraft not available in the United States. Mechanics, too, received training overseas. The British helped train US ground

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lasted 1 to 2 weeks and processed the cadet and issued him his equipment. This was the stage where it would be decided whether the cadet would train as a navigator, bombardier, or pilot. The education and training stages were 9 weeks each. Each 9 week stage was divided into two 4.5 week (63 day)

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The AAF showed no reluctance in opening up its noncombat jobs to women, even jobs which required "unwomanly" mechanical skills. Toward the end of the war there was an increase in the number of women on technical assignments, when it became difficult to obtain enlisted men in the top intelligence

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Air Corps functions, such as those belonging to the Medical, Ordnance, and Finance Departments, the Signal, Engineer, Quartermaster, and Military Police Corps, and the Chemical Warfare Service. Most of the enlisted personnel of these branches were classified as nonspecialists and did not attend

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Aware of the RAF's urgent need for additional training facilities, the United States offered the British over 500 aircraft for use in the training of British pilots in the United States. General Hap Arnold also arranged for civilian contractors to set up schools exclusively for training British

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At one time or another during World War II, 64 contract schools conducted primary training, with a maximum of 56 schools operating at any one time. During the course of the war, the schools graduated approximately 250,000 student pilots. All of the CFS's were inactivated by the end of the war.

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Beginning in 1939, the Army contracted with nine civilian flying schools to provide primary flying training, while Randolph handled basic training, now completely separate from primary. Kelly Field, with Brooks as a subpost, took care of advanced flying training. In July 1939 the full course of

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By the end of 1943, however, when the formation of new combat groups (except for B-29 units) was virtually completed and the demand for replacement pilots (to replace casualties) in the deployed combat groups was high, Replacement Training Units (RTU) replaced the OTUs. RTUs were also under the

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placed the graduates in two categories: single-engined and multi-engined. Single-engined pilots flew fighters and fighter-bombers. Multi-engined pilots learned to fly transports and bombers. First they flew Trainer aircraft, then transitioned to front-line aircraft. Those students selected for

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stage taught the mechanics and physics of flight and required the cadets to pass courses in mathematics and the hard sciences. Then the cadets were taught to apply their knowledge practically by teaching them aeronautics, deflection shooting, and thinking in three dimensions. Typically, cadets

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During its lifetime, the command struggled with the challenge of a massive wartime expansion of the air forces. Throughout 1942, the need for combat crew personnel far exceeded the current and contemplated production of the command's flying training schools. The rate of expansion of housing and

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Weather affects all flying, and its importance to military flying can be crucial. In order to get the weather information essential to its operations, the AAF maintained in the AAF Weather Service a world-wide chain of weather stations for observation and forecasting of atmospheric conditions.

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March 1944. All schools previously in the central command, with the exception of Keesler Field, became part of the eastern command. Keesler went to the western command. Simultaneously, the headquarters of Eastern Technical Training Command moved from Greensboro, North Carolina, to St Louis.

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The United States has traditionally fought its wars with a citizen military mobilized and trained after the emergency arises. Its members on their induction into the military face an abrupt transition to a life and pattern of behavior altogether foreign to their previous experience. For their

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During the war great strides were made in the art of aerial photography, and this means of reconnaissance became indispensable to planning, executing, and appraising a wide variety of military operations. Having a large share of the responsibility for training personnel in this work, the AAF

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taught the cadets to fly in formation, fly by instruments or by aerial navigation, fly at night, and fly for long distances. Cadets flew aircraft such as the Vultee BT-13 "Valiant" and were evaluated to determine who should go into single-engine advanced training and who should proceed to

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began to make long distance flights, they added a navigator to the flight crew. The military, however, continued to treat navigation training as part of pilot training. Consequently, when it, too, began to see a need for specialized navigators, in July 1940 the Army signed a contract with

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To the basic numerical designation and the "AAFBU" designation, the new units could have a parenthetical suffix that indicated the unit's function. Because the base units could be designated, organized, and discontinued by the commands, air forces, and centers, they were in effect major

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personnel overhead for wings, regions, and higher echelons. All organizations on the base were designated as squadrons of the base unit, identified by letters from "A" to "Z". Personnel were reassigned to the new squadrons, and the previous squadron designations were inactivated.

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for advanced training. However, it was discovered that facilities in the San Antonio area were insufficient to accommodate the number of cadets entering primary training. Hence, in violation of the principle of geographic concentration, primary pilot training was also performed at

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On 31 July 1943, the Army Air Forces reorganized AAF Training Command with the establishment of subordinate commands, three for flying training and three for technical training. The five districts that had belonged to Technical Training Command were disbanded and realigned.

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executive order which established the corps set an initial strength limit of 25,000. It was typical of the AAF, with its long-cherished ideas of independence, to desire a separate women's corps completely independent of the women serving with other branches of the Army.

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service schools. Appropriate training for specialists was provided partly by the AAF and partly by the particular branches concerned, but in keeping with the move toward integration of arms and services personnel, the AAF assumed increasing control over their training.

992:, the Army Air Corps still did not have a specialized school for flexible gunnery. Three schools opened in December 1941, and the program grew rapidly. In July 1943 flexible gunnery schools had possessed few tactical aircraft with which to train, mainly 55 twin-engine 768:

During 1943 the first class of twin-engine bomber instructors entered training at Randolph AAF, Texas. Shown here are a number of the instructor trainees walking between rows of AT-9 "Jeep" aircraft, one of the principal aircraft used in the advanced phase of pilot

368:, Missouri, in the summer of 1940, though formal activation did not occur until 21 February 1941. Since the road ahead for most AAF enlistees led toward some specialized technical training, the replacement centers were placed under the jurisdiction of the Air Corps 634:

would become quite congested with only primary and basic training located there. Following the expansion, the number of pilots in training declined until only 184 graduated in 1937, compared to an average of 257 per year prior to 1931. But with the emergence of

345:, Illinois) emphasized technical training, and for the following two decades, the amount of military training provided to new enlisted personnel undergoing technical instruction varied with their unit commanders, who had sole responsibility for the program. 1210:

After the first class of five pilots graduated, it took until July 1942 for enough black airmen to complete flight training for the squadron to reach full strength. Even then, the Army was not ready to send black pilots overseas. Under the command of Capt

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Routine observation and recording of weather data were performed by enlisted personnel of the lower grades, and the analysis of weather maps and the preparation of forecasts were made by commissioned officers and enlisted personnel of the higher grades.

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This organization was abandoned on 10 March 1942 when Air Corps Technical Training Command revised the two districts and announced that four technical training districts would be established on a geographical basis to manage the expansion. These were:

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trained fighter units. First Air Force generally trained P-47 Thunderbolt groups and replacement pilots, while Fourth Air Force trained P-38 Lighting two-engine groups and replacements. P-51 groups and pilots were trained generally equally by both air

1522:, Illinois, came under the Air Corps Technical School when the Department of Basic Instruction, responsible for the basic training of all new recruits, was established at Scott. It moved to Chanute in 1940 when Scott became the Air Corps Radio school. 1767:. In September 1947, upon establishment of the U.S. Air Force, all AAF base units were re-designated as Air Force Base Units (AFBUs); but by mid-1948 the remaining base units were discontinued or re designated into a new type of four-digit T/D unit ( 1156:

By late 1944 Training Command ended all glider instruction, both flying and technical. Rather than create a separate glider force, the Army Air Forces had decided it would be more profitable to train its troop carrier pilots to also operate gliders.

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Eventually enough graduates were available to comprise four fighter squadrons: the 100th, 301st, and 302d, all of which had also begun at Tuskegee before completing their training in Michigan. These squadrons, and the 99th were formed into the

1491:, the school at Kelly Field had trained over 2,000 more mechanics. Though the school in St Paul closed after the end of the war, Kelly remained in operation and trained some 5,000 more mechanics before January 1921. When the supply depot at 1292:

to fly military aircraft for a military service. The WASP was formed in August 1943 from two earlier, relatively independent programs for women pilots: Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) and Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD).

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attended by AAF men, provided that the training would in a station commander's opinion increase an individual's job efficiency or would enable her to be utilized in some higher skill for which she had unusual aptitude or civilian background.

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for the WAFS, except the age requirement was dropped from 21 to 18, and the flight experience was set at only 200 hours. That requirement was later dropped to 35 hours, and the 200-horsepower rating requirement was eventually eliminated.

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By mid-1943, the basic training mission declined in size because requirements for technical training centers were being met. Consequently, some of the 13 centers were inactivated, while others moved to technical training centers such as

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as radio operator-mechanics (ROM’s). The radar training programs were marked by much more specialization. The term "radar," a word coined from "radio detection and ranging," was almost as new to the AAF as it was to the general .public.

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flying instruction was shortened in length from a year to nine months—three for each phase. The number of primary contract schools expanded to 41 by the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and to 60 at various times in 1943.

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demobilization unit in its Personnel (A-1) Division, and on 22 October it established a Recruiting Section. Its goal was to create an entirely voluntary force, preferably one consisting of experienced, three-year reenlistees.

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stopped basic training in December 1944, but it was early 1945 before all trainees had assignments. Only about 19,000 soldiers were in basic training in January, as compared to the peak figure of 135,796 in February 1943.

1024:, Training Command could make use of its experience in transition training for heavy bombers. No such experience was available in the case of flight engineers, because the B-29 was the first AAF aircraft that required a 733:, Illinois. Other aircrew positions, such as B-29 flight engineers and RADAR operators were also trained later in the war as training requirements presented themselves. This included the first jet pilots in 1945. 602:

Cadets march through the main gate at the San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center. In the early 1940s, San Antonio was one of the three locations where Training Command processed and classified aircrew candidates for

874: 313:(2) Flying and flight crew operations of military aircraft, and (3) the technical training necessary for the even larger numbers of men to be taught to service and maintain aircraft and aircraft equipment. 1304:

inaugurated a flight training program to produce 500 women ferry pilots. He appointed Cochran as the director of flying training, and by October 1942, 40 women had been accepted and sent for training at

1199:(NAACP), had called for the inclusion of blacks in the Air Corps only to be told that "no colored squadrons were being formed at the present time." Finally, on 21 March 1941, the Air Corps activated the 3648: 3556: 1040:

pitch. He also computed the aircraft's cruising range, fuel consumption, engine performance, weight and balance, and airworthiness. Flight engineers underwent comprehensive training at Amarillo and

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crews at their airfields and in their factories. So too, did France. Based on that foundation, the air arm of the US Army grew quickly and compiled a credible combat record during World War I.

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The Army Air Forces also commissioned some individuals with special qualifications directly from civilian life. These people required some military training, so Training Command also set up an

348:

In 1935 efforts to change this arrangement began, but the real change occurred in 1939 when the Army proposed that each component arm and service set up their own enlisted replacement centers.

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In 1940 the War Department authorized the establishment of Air Corps enlisted replacement centers for the initial training of recruits. The Air Corps established the first of these centers at

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single-engine training flew the AT-6 "Texan," and those who went into twin-engine training flew the Curtiss AT-9 "Jeep," the all-wood Beechcraft AT-10 "Wichita," or the Cessna AT-17 "Bobcat."

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on 31 July 1943. Constituted and established on 23 January 1942. Its mission was to train pilots, flying specialists, and combat crews. Re-designated on or about 15 March 1942, after the

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the military. On 20 December 1944, the Army Air Forces, citing the changing combat situation, disbanded the WASP program. The WASPs returned to civilian life with no veterans' benefits.

611:, which created hazards for training. Consequently, in June 1927 plans were created for the construction of a single large airfield outside of the city to house all flying training. The 1886:, continued to offer primary pilot training. The last class of black pilots graduated from primary training at Tuskegee on 20 November. Goodfellow's last primary class transferred to 620: 495:

to provide six weeks of military instruction. Most OTS students were 30 years old or more, with the bulk of them in their 30s or 40s. They came from all walks of life, but most were

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to the jurisdiction of its central counterpart, which on 1 November 1945, became known as Western Flying Training Command. Then on 15 December the enlarged western command absorbed

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would use in combat. This training was provided by one of the Numbered Air Forces (First, Second, Third, Fourth Air Force) at bases controlled by Operational Training Units (OTUs).

1507:, Oklahoma, both joined the mechanics course at Chanute, congregating all technical training in the Air Service at that location. The facility at Chanute was re-designated as the 1792:

approached its conclusion (effectively on 14 August but formally not until 2 September), training activities and the strength of Training Command declined. The end of the war in

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rating. Beginning in the winter of 1942, Medical, Dental, and Sanitary Corps officers also attended Officer Training School in courses separate from those for other officers.

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transition training for the Army Air Forces. Then, on 12 September 1944, HQ AAF directed Training Command to establish B-29 schools for the transition of crews consisting of

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Notes: The 3rd District, AAF Technical Training Command at Tulsa, Oklahoma (10 March 1942 – 31 August 1943) was divided between AAFWTTC and AAFCTTC. The 5th District at the

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funded the new field's construction but not the purchase of the land, so the city of San Antonio borrowed the $ 546,000 needed to purchase the site selected for what became

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Among other specialists trained in technical training schools were experts in armament maintenance. Combat aircraft were complex, including much lethal equipment, such as

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Training for non-rated offers was needed to relieve flying officers of their nonflying duties during the wartime expansion of the Air Corps and the Army Air Forces. The

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In 1930, two more Departments were established at Chanute, the Department of Clerical Instruction and the Department of Armament. Technical training expanded in 1938 at

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of the Flying Training Commands (Eastern, Central or Western) for further classification as a flying air cadet for, bombardier, navigator or flexible gunner training.

3522: 2255: 3231:

Crave, Wesley and Cate, James, THE ARMY AIR FORCES In World War I1 Volume Six MEN AND PLANES New Imprint by the Office of Air Force History Washington, D.C., 1983

1959: 1662:

engine specialists. This covered maintenance of standard aircraft engines and their accessories, including superchargers, generators, starters, and carburetors.

3517: 1870:

Many pilot training installations discontinued training in 1945. The last contract primary pilot schools ended their operations in October. By that time, only

1328:

soon phased out. On 5 August 1943, the WAFS and the women of Cochran's WFTD school were united as the WASP. Cochran was named Director of Women Pilots, and

1958:. On 1 July 1993, it was consolidated with Air University and became today's AETC, celebrating its 75th year of continuous service 23 January 2017. See: 1807:

By January 1945 basic military training had become a comparatively minor part of Training Command's activities. Only three centers remained active –

3628: 2573: 2550: 2328: 2305: 2282: 2236: 2207: 2178: 2149: 439: 1694:. Such equipment exceeded the capabilities of general airplane mechanics and required the technical expertise of specialized armament maintainers. 3476: 3434: 1333: 761:

Each of the geographically aligned flying training commands followed the same methodology for training Air Cadets. Training came in five stages.

3653: 1246:, the 332d's pilots downed three German jet fighters. For their actions, the 332d and three of its squadrons—the 99th, 100th and 301st—earned 2261: 1930: 2220: 921:

Ferrying and transport pilot training for C-54s and other four-engine transports was managed separately by Air Corps Ferrying Command (later

1238:

from the 332d Fighter Group shot down 18 enemy fighters while flying escort for a large bomber formation. On 24 March 1945, while escorting

352:

policy had been to furnish initial basic training for recruits at established stations, followed by about a month's preparatory training at

3633: 1456:

pilots. The schools would accept 50 RAF students every 5 weeks for a 20-week course in order to produce 3,000 pilots a year. Known as the

894:

was principal center for developing heavy (B-17, B-24) and very heavy (B-29) bombardment groups, and the training of replacement personnel

1633:

The Third District at Tulsa, Oklahoma was divided between WTTC and CTTC. The Fifth District in Miami Beach was absorbed into the ETTC.

796:

reported to a preflight school at the San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center; Maxwell Field, Alabama, or Santa Ana Army Air Base, California.

3427: 1518:, Colorado, when the Photography, Armament and Clerical instruction were moved from Chanute to the new facilities in Denver. In 1939, 285: 1452:. Only the Royal Air Force (RAF), by denying air superiority to the Luftwaffe, had prevented a German invasion of the British Isles. 843:. By late September, plans called for five schools to provide transition training in very heavy bombers, including a school for the T 3561: 2963: 2749: 2726: 2697: 2668: 2602: 2487: 2394: 1720:

developed, in addition to aerial photographers, such specialists as camera repairmen, laboratory technicians, and cinematographers.

1477: 749:

lined up at Randolph Field. These were the principal trainers used by the United States Army Air Corps in primary flight training.

2452: 2423: 1149:

civilian flying schools, under government contract, provided a considerable part of the flying training effort undertaken by the

646:

On 8 July 1940, the Air Corps reorganized its re-designated its training centers to manage the growing number of flying schools.

281: 1937:; and Tuskegee. The 28th, 29th, 31st, 35th, 36th, 74th, 78th, 79th, 81st, and 83d Flying Training Wings were also inactivated. 1276:

Eight WASPs gather on the ramp at Waco Field, Texas, for a final group picture before the WASP was disbanded on 20 December 1944

1077:

to flying cadets, an arrangement that continued until 1944. In November 1940 the Air Corps opened its first navigator school at

3507: 1537:

To accommodate this rapid growth in students, additional installations were established. New technical training bases included

1457: 3486: 3481: 1960:

http://www.aetc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1055698/aetcs-75th-anniversary-and-the-birth-of-a-professional-air-force/

557: 1300:

had suggested recruiting and training women to fly military aircraft. On 7 October 1942, shortly after the WAFS was formed,

3396:

38th Flying Training Wing, lineage and histong Wing (World War II)|81st Flying Training Wing]]Classification/Preflight Unit

1215:, the 99th remained at Tuskegee and received additional training to prepare for combat. In April 1943 the unit deployed to 1530:

On 1 June 1939, the Air Corps Technical School at Chanute Field was elevated to the Command level, being re-designated as

3551: 1626: 1619: 917:

performed the special task of training transport units and replacement pilots for air movement of troops and equipment.

20: 2563: 1191:. For many this event marked 25 years of determined effort to include blacks in military aviation. As early as 1917, 1649:

The bombsight was the key to successful missions. Here, Lowry Field students inspect and adjust Sperry bombsights.

3512: 2639: 2359: 2120: 1837: 1833: 699: 677: 663: 193: 1439: 563: 427: 911:

trained light and medium bomber (A-20, A-26, B-25, B-26) units and also photo-reconnaissance units and pilots.

1259: 1150: 764: 431: 260: 91: 2049: 1121:

each graduate and $ 18 per flying hour for students eliminated from training. Trainers used were primarily

567: 509: 349: 471:

Officer candidates performing calisthenics on the beach, Miami Beach Training Center OCS training, Florida

3405:

81st Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3387:

36th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3378:

35th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3366:

80th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3357:

79th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3348:

78th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3339:

77th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3330:

34th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3303:

31st Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3294:

7[th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3285:

75th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3276:

74th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3267:

30th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3258:

29th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3249:

28th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3240:

27th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

1449: 1247: 1117:

had a designated USAAF Flying Training Detachment assigned for supervision and liaison with the command.

3414:

83d Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3321:

33d Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3312:

32d Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama

3574: 1905:

continued to provide basic pilot training. The remaining active advanced single-engine schools were at

941: 419: 369: 1763:

Despite some resistance, the experiment was destined to leave its mark on postwar organization of the

1495:, Dallas, closed in 1921 and moved to Kelly, the Air Service mechanics's school was forced to move to 698:

to the Rocky Mountains. This was upgraded to a command level on 31 July 1943 and re-designated as the

2710: 2521: 1978: 1554: 945: 929: 239: 1855:

transferred to the Personnel Distribution Command. In preparation for that event, also in June, the

375: 184: 3502: 2615: 2500: 2413: 2318: 1856: 1306: 1234:

As the war progressed the 332d's squadrons established an enviable combat record. On 11 July 1944,

746: 619:. By the fall of 1931, construction was essentially completed, so the Air Corps Training Center at 476: 325:

Entrance gate to the Greensboro Center, welcoming new recruits to the United States Army Air Forces

223: 2968: 2774: 2768: 2716: 2586: 2465: 1955: 1812: 1764: 1550: 933: 914: 741: 691: 524: 484: 1840:. The single entity became Flying Training Command on 1 January 1946, with its headquarters at 1816: 1562: 1424: 1212: 973: 722: 612: 480:

and training officers. Later, it expanded to include physical training and technical officers.

415: 956: 2807: 2762: 2506: 2162: 1200: 922: 710: 643:, the Air Corps proposed a period of expansion to train 4,500 pilots over a two-year period. 505: 1645: 1100: 3612: 3536: 2873: 2681: 2534: 2341: 2249: 2197: 2191: 1947: 1934: 1604: 1546: 1519: 1316:

When facilities at Houston proved too limited, a new school was opened in February 1943 at

1239: 1192: 1066: 1037: 1005: 997: 730: 718: 467: 353: 229: 8: 2739: 2540: 2097: 2091: 1585: 1329: 960:

Bombardier Training dropping practice bombs from an AT-11 at Midland Army Airfield, Texas

598: 533: 3419: 2384:

Randolph Field (later Randolph Air Force Base), Texas, 1 January 1931 – 14 November 1949

2924:

Re-designated: AAF Western Technical Training Command, 31 August 1943 – 15 October 1945

2471: 2407: 1392: 1297: 1228: 1021: 937: 828: 499:, businessmen, or professionals such as attorneys and accountants. Also, the value of 365: 293: 1313:. The unit was called the WFTD, or among the women it was known as the "Woofteddies". 383:

That fall the Technical Training Command activated two more basic training centers at

3451: 3167: 2075: 1974: 1578: 1558: 1492: 1321: 1180: 848: 659: 211: 133: 86: 2894:

Re-designated: AAF Central Technical Training Command, 31 August 1943 – 1 March 1944

2069: 1918: 1871: 1797: 1597: 1404: 1175:

Aviation cadets conduct a physics class laboratory experiment at Tuskegee Institute

901: 891: 824: 579: 334: 309:

a military force trained to defeat the enemy forces threatening the United States.

1607:, was created to supervise the numerous technical training activities in Florida. 395:

Basic military general orders, military conduct, close order and open order drill.

3588: 2621: 2081: 2056: 1615:

First District at Greensboro became the Eastern Technical Training Command (ETTC)

1591: 1301: 1264: 1204: 1171: 1166: 1122: 1078: 1025: 908: 897: 859:, on 20 September 1944, when the school took over facilities previously used for 840: 706: 676:. This was upgraded to a command level on 31 July 1943 and re-designated as the 673: 528:

Members of the first WAAC contingent to arrive at Randolph Field, September 1942.

289: 662:. This was upgraded to a command level on 31 July 1943 and re-designated as the 321: 2477: 2442: 2376:

Re-designated: Army Air Forces Flying Training Command, 1 January – 1 July 1946

2267: 2168: 2131:

Re-designated: Eastern Flying Training Command, 31 July 1943 – 15 December 1945

1902: 1887: 1879: 1841: 1542: 1396: 1380: 1364: 1310: 1272: 1216: 1184: 1126: 1001: 993: 860: 844: 832: 753: 726: 672:

handled those in the central sector, from west of the Mississippi River to the

669: 631: 616: 388: 2650:

Re-designated: Western Flying Training Command, 31 July 1943 – 1 November 1945

398:

Familiarization with all standard weapons, assembly, cleaning and utilization.

379:

Basic small arms training on the beach, Atlantic City, New Jersey center, 1942

3622: 3600: 2592: 2295: 1914: 1860: 1820: 1538: 1500: 1496: 1416: 1388: 1384: 1368: 1360: 1356: 1348: 1317: 1289: 996:(Lockheed Venturas). By December 1944 they had 440 four-engine aircraft (173 944:, California in November 1943, however it was moved in the spring of 1944 to 852: 695: 683: 651: 640: 384: 342: 337:

in the 1920s, each man received some basic training. The mechanic school at

75: 2953:, Florida (20 November 1942 – 31 August 1943) was absorbed into the AAFETTC. 1832:

By mid-October 1945 Training Command reassigned all people and equipment in

1499:, Illinois. In 1922, the school was expanded when the photography school at 37: 3166:. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas 2921:

Established as: 4th District, AAF Technical Training Command, 10 March 1942

2891:

Established as: 2nd District, AAF Technical Training Command, 10 March 1942

2851:

Established as: 1st District, AAF Technical Training Command, 10 March 1942

2687: 2436: 2226: 1969: 1894: 1852: 1789: 1408: 1400: 1376: 1352: 1285: 1235: 1220: 1146: 1105: 1033: 1020:

In putting together the curriculum for training pilots and copilots on the

989: 636: 627:

and the primary schools at Brooks and March moved to the new installation.

578:, considered to be an ideal location because of climate and other factors. 264: 189: 2790:

1104 W. 8th St., Santa Ana, California, 15 December 1944 – 1 November 1945

1133:, although a wide variety of other types could be found at the airfields. 658:, managed those in the eastern third of the nation, basically east of the 532:

WAACs went through indoctrination training at Fort Des Moines, Iowa under

3175: 3171: 1954:

On 27 September 1947, Air Training Command became a major command of the

1768: 1675: 1515: 1488: 1372: 1074: 1041: 928:

Air Transport Command operated a night and instrument training school at

851:. Training of pilots and flight engineers as instructors got underway at 624: 608: 588: 571: 500: 338: 168: 2857:

Re-designated: Technical Training Command, 15 October 1945 – 1 July 1946

1443:

Royal Air Force cadets on parade at Cochran Army Airfield, Georgia, 1942

972:

Nine locations in Central and Western Flying Training Commands provided

1922: 1687: 1344: 1130: 1070: 713:

were trained in flying skills. CFTC also operated aircrew schools for

687: 592: 1603:

Later, in November 1942, a 5th Training District with headquarters at

607:

Another problem for the training center was the growth of the city of

445: 2854:

Re-designated: AAF Eastern Technical Training Command, 31 August 1943

2085: 1691: 1504: 1082: 1057: 714: 1890:

to finish training. Randolph began primary training on 26 December.

757:

BT-13 "Valiant" which served as a basic trainer during the war years

570:

remained quite small after the rapid demobilization with the end of

2658:

Santa Ana Army Air Base, California, 1 April 1942 – 1 November 1945

1926: 1906: 1796:

in May caused the focus of training to shift from the needs of the

1332:

continued in the WASP as executive of the Ferrying Division of the

1029: 630:

Advanced training remained at Kelly because experience showed that

3649:

Training units and formations of the United States Army Air Forces

1511:

in 1926, with the former separate schools becoming "Departments".

356:, Illinois, before they went to Chanute for specialized training. 2647:

Established as: West Coast Air Corps Training Center, 8 July 1940

2367:

Established as: Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center, 8 July 1940

1910: 1883: 1864: 1801: 1325: 1188: 1061: 887:

Generally OTU-RTU training responsibility was set up as follows:

856: 836: 655: 496: 492: 2833:

see the individual wing for a list of schools and bases assigned

2373:

Re-designated: Western Flying Training Command, 15 December 1945

2128:

Established as: Southeast Air Corps Training Center, 8 July 1940

2115:

see the individual wing for a list of schools and bases assigned

1921:; and Tuskegee. Advanced twin-engine training continued only at 705:

In addition to the American Air Cadets, Cadets from the British

1793: 1760:

command-controlled (or MAJCON) units, the first of their kind.

1679: 1243: 245: 2038:

Redesignated as Air Education and Training Command 1 July 1993

1203:, which became the first squadron of what became the renowned 1096:

United States Army Air Forces Contract Flying School Airfields

1973:

From 1943 to 1946, AAF Training Command was headquartered in

1898: 1875: 1845: 575: 316: 2990: 2370:

Re-designated: Central Flying Training Command, 31 July 1943

1977:. The command initially occupied the top four floors of the 1683: 172: 2971:(conducted troop carrier training, coordinated with AAFTC) 1197:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

3449: 1945:

On 1 July 1946, AAF Training Command was redesignated as

1343:

The WASPs flew all types of military aircraft, including

650:

The Southeast Air Corps Training Center headquartered at

3164:

History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002

1940: 694:), managed those in the western tier, consisting of the 2139:

Maxwell Field, Alabama, 8 July 1940 – 15 December 1945

1288:

were pioneers, the first licensed women pilots in the

272:

Operational or Replacement training or crew training.

16:

Former command of the U.S. Army Air Forces (1942-1946)

3572: 1427:

finally granted benefits to the 850 remaining WASPs.

407:

Rifle range qualification on the 30 cal carbine rifle

3644:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1946

462: 2787:

Santa Ana Army Air Base, California, 25 August 1943

1089: 951: 574:. In 1922 all flying training was consolidated in 446:

Military Operational Specialty (MOS) Classification

280:AAFTC was created as a result of the merger of the 1183:to become military pilots received their wings at 3639:Military units and formations established in 1943 2934:Denver, Colorado, 24 March 1942 – 15 October 1945 2904:St. Louis, Missouri, 10 March 1942 – 1 March 1944 1827: 1056:Until the early 1930s, pilots had been their own 3620: 2719:, California, 21 December 1943 – 1 November 1945 2329:76th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces) 2306:75th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces) 2283:74th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces) 2237:30th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces) 2208:29th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces) 2179:28th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces) 2150:27th Flying Training Wing (U.S. Army Air Forces) 1771:), the direct predecessor of the MAJCON system. 1640: 1253: 2298:, Alabama, 16 September 1943 – 30 December 1945 2285:Classification/Preflight/Specialized/Navigation 515: 359: 42:United States Army Air Forces recruiting poster 2876:, Illinois, 15 October 1945 – 14 November 1949 2752:Bombardier and Specialized 2/4-Engine Training 2690:, California, 11 September 1943 – 16 June 1946 2165:, Georgia, 17 December 1942 – 15 December 1945 1859:transferred from the aviation cadet center to 1044:before assignment to B-29 transition training. 936:, Florida was a four-engine transport school. 504:were others such as airline pilots who became 3435: 3374: 3372: 1750: 1525: 1503:, Virginia, and the communications school at 562:Until the late 1930s, flying training in the 2810:, Arizona, 25 August 1943 – 20 December 1943 2490:(Bombardier and Specialized Two/Four-Engine) 2200:, Alabama, 15 August 1943 – 30 December 1945 1618:Second District in St Louis was renamed the 682:The West Coast Air Corps Training Center at 668:The Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center at 2671:Basic/Advanced Flight Training (California) 1140: 582:became the center for primary training and 3442: 3428: 3369: 3360: 2777:, Arizona, 26 February 1945 – 16 June 1946 2480:, Texas, 31 October 1945 – 13 October 1946 2445:, Texas, 31 October 1945 – 13 October 1946 2344:, Tennessee, 25 August 1943 – 16 June 1946 2015:Army Air Forces Technical Training Command 1625:Fourth District in Denver was renamed the 1430: 317:Basic Military Training and Classification 286:Army Air Forces Technical Training Command 2867:Greensboro, North Carolina, 10 March 1942 2595:, Alabama, 15 October – 30 December 1945. 1450:Hitler–Stalin non-aggression pact of 1939 781: 736: 2964:Operational - Replacement Training Units 2742:, Arizona, 8 January 1943 – 16 June 1946 2729:Basic/Advanced Flight Training (Arizona) 2321:, Florida, 25 August 1943 – 16 June 1946 2171:, Texas, 16 December 1945 – 16 June 1946 1968: 1644: 1478:Technical Division, Air Training Command 1438: 1271: 1263: 1170: 1099: 955: 875:Operational – Replacement Training Units 786: 763: 752: 740: 597: 523: 466: 374: 320: 3629:1942 establishments in Washington, D.C. 2827: 2181:Advanced Flight Training, Single-Engine 1997:Army Air Forces Flying Training Command 1069:, Incorporated, to provide training in 401:Physical training with obstacle course. 282:Army Air Forces Flying Training Command 3621: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 2914:AAF Western Technical Training Command 2884:AAF Central Technical Training Command 2844:AAF Eastern Technical Training Command 2624:, Texas, 1 January 1945 – 16 June 1946 2566:, Texas, 25 August 1943 – 30 June 1945 2229:, Alabama, 1 April 1945 – 16 June 1946 1458:British Flying Training School Program 1160: 821:B-29 Superfortress Transition Training 3654:United States Army Air Force Commands 3423: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2543:, Texas, 26 March 1945 – 16 June 1946 1941:Establishment of Air Training Command 1471: 864:the bulk of B-29 transition training. 558:Flying Division, Air Training Command 2991:Air Force Historical Research Agency 2837: 2662: 2388: 2239:Advanced Flight Training, Two Engine 2143: 2109: 2006:Air Corps Technical Training Command 1532:Air Corps Technical Training Command 508:ferry pilots, under the wartime-era 19:For the current active command, see 3634:1946 disestablishments in Louisiana 2509:, Texas, 25 May 1945 – 16 June 1946 2270:, Texas, 31 July – 13 October 1946. 1448:Germans had not yet reneged on the 1268:World War II WASP A-2 jacket patch. 1242:during a raid on a tank factory in 868: 13: 3562:Western Technical Training Command 3557:Central Technical Training Command 3552:Eastern Technical Training Command 3180: 3001: 2416:, Texas, 31 May – 30 December 1945 1627:Western Technical Training Command 1620:Central Technical Training Command 1415:The WASPs were employed under the 551: 244: 228: 21:Air Education and Training Command 14: 3665: 2870:St. Louis, Missouri, 1 March 1944 2564:San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center 1988:Air Corps Flying Training Command 1853:San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center 1783: 1596:4th Technical Training District, 1590:3rd Technical Training District, 1584:2nd Technical Training District, 1577:1st Technical Training District, 1412:to about 16,000 hours of flying. 463:Officer Candidate/Training School 404:Gas mask training and procedures. 3606: 3594: 3582: 3535: 3456:Army Air Forces Training Command 3450: 2985: This article incorporates 2980: 2331:Specialized Four-Engine Training 2258:, Mississippi, 15 September 1943 2024:Army Air Forces Training Command 2004:Constituted and established as: 1986:Constituted and established as: 1090:Contract Primary Flying Training 952:Aircrew Training Classifications 621:Duncan Field, San Antonio, Texas 292:became an autonomous arm of the 183: 85: 68: 36: 31:Army Air Forces Training Command 3487:Western Flying Training Command 3482:Central Flying Training Command 3477:Eastern Flying Training Command 3408: 3399: 3390: 3381: 3351: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3297: 2771:, New Mexico, 10 September 1943 2640:Western Flying Training Command 2360:Central Flying Training Command 2252:, Mississippi, 26 December 1942 2121:Eastern Flying Training Command 2104: 1838:Eastern Flying Training Command 1834:Western Flying Training Command 700:Western Flying Training Command 678:Central Flying Training Command 664:Eastern Flying Training Command 3288: 3279: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3234: 2042: 1828:Flying training reorganization 1774: 1: 2995: 1641:Technical MOS Classifications 1282:Women Airforce Service Pilots 1260:Women Airforce Service Pilots 1254:Women Airforce Service Pilots 1151:United States Army Air Forces 988:At the time of the attack on 639:as a potential threat to the 261:United States Army Air Forces 2765:, New Mexico, 8 January 1943 2713:, California, 8 January 1943 2684:, California, 8 January 1943 2264:, Georgia, 13 September 1944 2194:, Illinois, 26 December 1942 1248:Distinguished Unit Citations 775:Initial classification stage 584:Kelly Field, San Antonio, TX 516:Women's Army Auxiliary Corps 360:Basic Training Centers (BTC) 7: 3162:Manning, Thomas A. (2005), 2957: 2951:Miami Beach Training Center 2410:, Oklahoma, 16 January 1943 2223:, Georgia, 26 December 1942 2088:, 25 February – 1 July 1946 2063: 2059:, 7 July 1943 – 1 July 1946 1179:On 7 March 1942, the first 932:, Missouri. The school at 489:Miami Beach Training Center 275: 10: 3670: 2553:(Classification/Preflight) 1964: 1751:Army Air Forces Base Units 1526:Technical Training Command 1509:Air Corps Technical School 1482: 1475: 1257: 1164: 1093: 942:Palm Springs Army Airfield 872: 729:were centrally trained at 555: 410:One week of field training 370:Technical Training Command 303: 18: 3544: 3533: 3495: 3469: 3462: 2750:38th Flying Training Wing 2727:37th Flying Training Wing 2711:Victorville Army Airfield 2698:36th Flying Training Wing 2669:35th Flying Training Wing 2603:80th Flying Training Wing 2574:79th Flying Training Wing 2551:78th Flying Training Wing 2524:(Advanced, Single Engine) 2522:77th Flying Training Wing 2488:34th Flying Training Wing 2395:31st Flying Training Wing 1979:Texas and Pacific Railway 1893:By the end of 1945, only 1555:Atlantic City, New Jersey 982:Flexible Gunnery Training 946:Brownsville Army Airfield 930:St. Joseph Army Air Field 240:Distinctive unit insignia 238: 222: 217: 204: 199: 179: 157: 147: 139: 129: 121: 113: 105: 97: 81: 63: 55: 47: 35: 30: 2975: 2813:(No units ever assigned) 2797:83d Flying Training Wing 2616:San Marcos Army Airfield 2501:San Angelo Army Airfield 2468:, Texas, 16 January 1943 2453:33d Flying Training Wing 2439:, Texas, 16 January 1943 2424:32d Flying Training Wing 2414:Fort Worth Army Airfield 2319:Buckingham Army Airfield 1857:Officer Candidate School 1700:Communications and RADAR 1141:Contract glider training 1014:Flight Engineer Training 823:Until the fall of 1944, 477:Officer Candidate School 224:Shoulder sleeve insignia 2969:I Troop Carrier Command 2717:Santa Ana Army Air Base 2700:Primary Flight Training 2618:, Texas, 25 August 1943 2605:(Navigation and Glider) 2589:, Texas, 25 August 1943 2587:Harlingen Army Airfield 2537:, Texas, 25 August 1943 2503:, Texas, 8 January 1943 2466:Blackland Army Airfield 2210:Primary Flight Training 1956:United States Air Force 1765:United States Air Force 1551:St. Petersburg, Florida 1431:Foreign flying training 934:Homestead Army Airfield 915:I Troop Carrier Command 814:Advanced Pilot Training 723:flexible aerial gunners 692:Santa Ana Army Air Base 485:Officer Training School 2987:public domain material 2455:(Advanced, Two Engine) 2256:Columbus Army Airfield 1982: 1650: 1563:Grand Rapids, Michigan 1444: 1425:United States Congress 1277: 1269: 1240:B-17 Flying Fortresses 1213:Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. 1176: 1109: 1006:B-40 Flying Fortresses 998:B-17 Flying Fortresses 961: 800:Primary Pilot Training 782:Pilot Training Program 770: 758: 750: 737:Flying Training Stages 613:United States Congress 604: 529: 472: 416:attack on Pearl Harbor 380: 326: 249: 233: 2808:Douglas Army Airfield 2763:Roswell Army Airfield 2507:Midland Army Airfield 2163:Cochran Army Airfield 2152:Basic Flight Training 1972: 1648: 1442: 1375:(SB2C Helldiver) and 1334:Air Transport Command 1307:Howard Hughes Airport 1275: 1267: 1201:99th Pursuit Squadron 1174: 1103: 959: 923:Air Transport Command 810:twin-engine training. 803:Ryan PT-20 "Recruit." 787:AAFTC Training Stages 767: 756: 744: 711:Free French Air Force 601: 595:, from 1927 to 1931. 527: 506:Air Transport Command 470: 378: 324: 248: 232: 2682:Merced Army Airfield 2535:Foster Army Airfield 2342:Smyrna Army Airfield 2262:Turner Army Airfield 2250:Jackson Army Airbase 2192:George Army Airfield 2033:Air Training Command 1948:Air Training Command 1739:Services Specialties 1668:Armament Maintenance 1655:Aircraft Maintenance 1605:Miami Beach, Florida 1547:Miami Beach, Florida 1067:Pan American Airways 807:Basic Pilot Training 333:Upon entry into the 3496:Specialized schools 2541:Bryan Army Air Base 2474:, Texas, 8 Jul 1944 2100:, 15 September 1957 2098:Randolph AFB, Texas 2092:Scott AFB, Illinois 2017:, abt 15 March 1942 1999:, abt 15 March 1942 1586:St. Louis, Missouri 1541:, Mississippi, and 1161:The Tuskegee Airmen 966:Bombardier Training 534:Army Service Forces 414:By the time of the 387:, Mississippi, and 101:Command and Control 3545:Technical training 2828:Technical Training 2472:Waco Army Airfield 2408:Enid Army Airfield 2013:Re-designated as: 1995:Re-designated as: 1983: 1713:Aerial Photography 1651: 1472:Technical Training 1445: 1393:B-29 Superfortress 1324:, and training at 1296:As early as 1939, 1278: 1270: 1229:332d Fighter Group 1195:, Director of the 1177: 1110: 1050:Navigator Training 1022:B-29 Superfortress 962: 938:Reno Army Air Base 829:B-29 Superfortress 771: 759: 751: 605: 530: 473: 422:, North Carolina, 381: 366:Jefferson Barracks 327: 294:United States Army 250: 234: 192: – 3570: 3569: 3531: 3530: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2824: 2823: 2635: 2634: 2355: 2354: 2094:, 17 October 1949 2076:Fort Worth, Texas 2072:, 23 January 1942 2052:, 23 January 1942 2031:Re-designated as 2022:Re-designated as 2008:, 23 January 1942 1990:, 23 January 1942 1975:Fort Worth, Texas 1851:In June 1945 the 1579:Greensboro Center 1559:Chicago, Illinois 1379:attack aircraft; 1322:Sweetwater, Texas 1181:African-Americans 1104:Control tower at 849:Fort Worth, Texas 660:Mississippi River 254: 253: 194:American Campaign 134:Fort Worth, Texas 3661: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3578: 3539: 3467: 3466: 3454: 3444: 3437: 3430: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3388: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3367: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3295: 3292: 3286: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3178: 3160: 2984: 2983: 2948: 2838: 2663: 2389: 2144: 2070:Washington, D.C. 1981:office building. 1872:Goodfellow Field 1800:to those of the 1798:European Theater 1598:Denver, Colorado 1581:, North Carolina 1405:P-47 Thunderbolt 1123:Fairchild PT-19s 1032:, fuel mixture, 902:Fourth Air Force 892:Second Air Force 869:OTU-RTU Training 841:flight engineers 825:Second Air Force 690:(later moved to 335:Army Air Service 187: 175: 167: 164: 89: 74: 72: 71: 40: 28: 27: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3540: 3527: 3513:Glider Training 3508:Contract Flying 3491: 3463:Flying training 3458: 3448: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3181: 3161: 3002: 2998: 2981: 2978: 2960: 2946: 2830: 2825: 2636: 2622:Ellington Field 2515: 2356: 2276: 2112: 2110:Flying Training 2107: 2082:Barksdale Field 2066: 2057:Army Air Forces 2045: 1967: 1943: 1830: 1786: 1777: 1753: 1643: 1592:Tulsa, Oklahoma 1528: 1485: 1480: 1474: 1433: 1262: 1256: 1205:Tuskegee Airmen 1169: 1167:Tuskegee Airmen 1163: 1143: 1127:PT-17 Stearmans 1098: 1092: 1079:Barksdale Field 1026:flight engineer 1002:B-24 Liberators 994:B-34 Lexingtons 954: 909:Third Air Force 898:First Air Force 877: 871: 789: 784: 747:PT-13 Stearmans 739: 727:Radio operators 707:Royal Air Force 674:Rocky Mountains 560: 554: 552:Flying Training 518: 465: 448: 430:, Florida, and 362: 341:, Texas (later 319: 306: 290:Army Air Forces 278: 257: 212:Barton K. Yount 206: 188: 165: 162: 161: 125:Army Air Forces 92:Army Air Forces 69: 67: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3667: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3616: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3473: 3471: 3470:Flying schools 3464: 3460: 3459: 3447: 3446: 3439: 3432: 3424: 3417: 3416: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3233: 3179: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2956: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2892: 2887: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2836: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2775:Williams Field 2772: 2769:Kirtland Field 2766: 2754: 2753: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2714: 2702: 2701: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2685: 2673: 2672: 2661: 2660: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2625: 2619: 2607: 2606: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2590: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2538: 2526: 2525: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2504: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2478:Randolph Field 2475: 2469: 2457: 2456: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2443:Randolph Field 2440: 2428: 2427: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2411: 2399: 2398: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2363: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2333: 2332: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2310: 2309: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2287: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268:Randolph Field 2265: 2259: 2253: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2224: 2212: 2211: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2195: 2183: 2182: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2169:Randolph Field 2166: 2154: 2153: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2124: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2079: 2073: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2055:Headquarters, 2053: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2035:on 1 July 1946 2028: 2027: 2026:on 1 July 1943 2019: 2018: 2010: 2009: 2001: 2000: 1992: 1991: 1966: 1963: 1942: 1939: 1903:Tuskegee Field 1888:Randolph Field 1880:Tuskegee Field 1842:Randolph Field 1829: 1826: 1785: 1784:Consolidations 1782: 1776: 1773: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1686:, and related 1671: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1657: 1642: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1623: 1616: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1543:Sheppard Field 1527: 1524: 1484: 1481: 1473: 1470: 1468:Soviet Union. 1432: 1429: 1397:P-38 Lightning 1389:TB-26 Marauder 1381:B-24 Liberator 1365:C-54 Skymaster 1311:Houston, Texas 1302:General Arnold 1298:Jackie Cochran 1258:Main article: 1255: 1252: 1217:French Morocco 1185:Tuskegee Field 1165:Main article: 1162: 1159: 1142: 1139: 1094:Main article: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1053: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1009: 985: 984: 978: 977: 969: 968: 953: 950: 919: 918: 912: 906: 895: 870: 867: 866: 865: 861:B-24 Liberator 845:B-32 Dominator 818: 811: 804: 797: 788: 785: 783: 780: 738: 735: 703: 702: 680: 670:Randolph Field 666: 632:Randolph Field 617:Randolph Field 553: 550: 517: 514: 464: 461: 447: 444: 440:Amarillo Field 434:, New Jersey. 428:St. Petersburg 412: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399: 396: 389:Sheppard Field 361: 358: 350:Army Air Corps 318: 315: 305: 302: 277: 274: 255: 252: 251: 242: 236: 235: 226: 220: 219: 215: 214: 208: 202: 201: 197: 196: 181: 177: 176: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 83: 79: 78: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3666: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3614: 3613:United States 3604: 3602: 3592: 3590: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3373: 3363: 3354: 3345: 3336: 3327: 3318: 3309: 3300: 3291: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3255: 3246: 3237: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2992: 2989:from the 2988: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2941: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2930:Headquarters: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2900:Headquarters: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2863:Headquarters: 2861: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2820: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2803:Headquarters: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2783:Headquarters: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2758:Headquarters: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2735:Headquarters: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2706:Headquarters: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2677:Headquarters: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2657: 2656:Headquarters: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2611:Headquarters: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2594: 2593:Maxwell Field 2591: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2583: 2582:Headquarters: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2559:Headquarters: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2530:Headquarters: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2496:Headquarters: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2461:Headquarters: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2432:Headquarters: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2403:Headquarters: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2383: 2382:Headquarters: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2337:Headquarters: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2314:Headquarters: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2296:Maxwell Field 2294: 2293: 2292: 2291:Headquarters: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2245:Headquarters: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2216:Headquarters: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2187:Headquarters: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2158:Headquarters: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2138: 2137:Headquarters: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2078:, 1 July 1942 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915:Stewart Field 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1861:Maxwell Field 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1825: 1822: 1821:Buckley Field 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1564: 1561:, and two in 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539:Keesler Field 1535: 1533: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501:Langley Field 1498: 1497:Chanute Field 1494: 1490: 1479: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1441: 1437: 1428: 1426: 1421: 1418: 1417:Civil Service 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385:B-25 Mitchell 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:C-60 Lodestar 1366: 1362: 1361:C-47 Skytrain 1358: 1357:BT-13 Valiant 1354: 1350: 1349:AT-10 Wichita 1346: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Avenger Field 1314: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1291: 1290:United States 1287: 1283: 1274: 1266: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236:P-51 Mustangs 1232: 1230: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1173: 1168: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1118: 1114: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986: 983: 980: 979: 975: 971: 970: 967: 964: 963: 958: 949: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 924: 916: 913: 910: 907: 903: 899: 896: 893: 890: 889: 888: 885: 881: 876: 862: 858: 854: 853:Maxwell Field 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 827:provided all 826: 822: 819: 815: 812: 808: 805: 801: 798: 794: 791: 790: 779: 776: 766: 762: 755: 748: 743: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 701: 697: 696:Pacific Coast 693: 689: 685: 684:Moffett Field 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652:Maxwell Field 649: 648: 647: 644: 642: 641:United States 638: 633: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 600: 596: 594: 590: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 559: 549: 545: 541: 537: 535: 526: 522: 513: 511: 510:Service Pilot 507: 502: 498: 494: 490: 487:(OTS) at the 486: 481: 478: 469: 460: 456: 452: 443: 441: 435: 433: 432:Atlantic City 429: 425: 421: 417: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 394: 393: 392: 390: 386: 385:Keesler Field 377: 373: 371: 367: 357: 355: 351: 346: 344: 343:Chanute Field 340: 336: 331: 323: 314: 310: 301: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 273: 269: 266: 262: 256:Military unit 247: 243: 241: 237: 231: 227: 225: 221: 216: 213: 209: 203: 198: 195: 191: 186: 182: 178: 174: 173:golden orange 170: 160: 156: 153: 152:Sustineo Alas 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93: 88: 84: 80: 77: 76:United States 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 3455: 3410: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3362: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3326: 3317: 3308: 3299: 3290: 3281: 3272: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3163: 2979: 2947: 2939: 2929: 2899: 2862: 2832: 2831: 2818: 2802: 2782: 2757: 2734: 2705: 2688:Minter Field 2676: 2655: 2629: 2610: 2581: 2558: 2529: 2514: 2495: 2460: 2437:Perrin Field 2431: 2402: 2381: 2349: 2336: 2313: 2290: 2275: 2244: 2227:Napier Field 2215: 2186: 2157: 2136: 2114: 2113: 2105:Sub-Commands 2032: 2023: 2014: 2005: 1996: 1987: 1953: 1946: 1944: 1931:Turner Field 1895:Perrin Field 1892: 1869: 1850: 1831: 1806: 1790:World War II 1787: 1778: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1738: 1725: 1712: 1699: 1676:machine guns 1667: 1654: 1635: 1632: 1609: 1602: 1571: 1567: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1513: 1508: 1486: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1446: 1434: 1423:In 1977 the 1422: 1414: 1409:P-51 Mustang 1401:P-40 Warhawk 1377:A-26 Invader 1371:transports; 1353:AT-11 Kansan 1342: 1338: 1315: 1295: 1286:World War II 1281: 1279: 1233: 1225: 1221:North Africa 1209: 1193:Walter White 1178: 1155: 1147:World War II 1144: 1135: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106:Daniel Field 1049: 1042:Lowry Fields 1034:supercharger 1013: 990:Pearl Harbor 981: 965: 927: 920: 886: 882: 878: 820: 813: 806: 799: 792: 774: 772: 760: 704: 645: 637:Nazi Germany 629: 623:adjacent to 606: 580:Brooks Field 561: 546: 542: 538: 531: 519: 482: 474: 457: 453: 449: 436: 413: 382: 363: 347: 332: 328: 311: 307: 298: 279: 270: 265:World War II 258: 190:World War II 151: 122:Part of 25: 2874:Scott Field 2221:Moody Field 2198:Craig Field 2043:Assignments 1775:Postwar era 1769:Hobson Plan 1726:Meteorology 1688:gun turrets 1557:; three in 1520:Scott Field 1516:Lowry Field 1489:World War I 1373:A-25 Shrike 1131:Ryan PT-22s 1075:meteorology 731:Scott Field 719:Bombardiers 625:Kelly Field 609:San Antonio 589:March Field 572:World War I 564:Air Service 501:World War I 424:Miami Beach 354:Scott Field 339:Kelly Field 180:Engagements 169:Ultramarine 140:Nickname(s) 130:Garrison/HQ 59:1 July 1946 3623:Categories 3503:Bombardier 2996:References 2740:Luke Field 1923:Enid Field 1907:Luke Field 1692:bombsights 1493:Love Field 1476:See also: 1359:trainers; 1345:AT-6 Texan 1330:Nancy Love 1071:navigation 1060:. Then as 1058:navigators 1004:, and 12 Y 974:bombardier 873:See also: 793:Pre-Flight 715:Navigators 688:California 593:California 556:See also: 420:Greensboro 207:commanders 200:Commanders 3523:Navigator 2916:(AAFWTTC) 2886:(AAFCTTC) 2846:(AAFETTC) 2576:(Gunnery) 2397:(Primary) 2086:Louisiana 2050:Air Corps 2048:Chief of 1505:Fort Sill 1395:bombers; 1108:, Georgia 1083:Louisiana 1038:propeller 1030:throttles 976:training. 948:, Texas. 769:training. 745:Photo of 603:training. 568:Air Corps 210:Lt. Gen. 171:blue and 56:Disbanded 51:1942–1946 3589:Aviation 3176:29991467 3172:71006954 2958:See also 2064:Stations 1927:Oklahoma 1919:New York 1813:Sheppard 1809:Amarillo 1553:; 46 in 1549:; 62 in 1062:airlines 837:copilots 497:teachers 284:and the 276:Overview 218:Insignia 148:Motto(s) 109:Training 3575:Portals 3518:Gunnery 2426:(Basic) 2308:Gunnery 1965:Lineage 1935:Georgia 1911:Arizona 1884:Alabama 1865:Alabama 1817:Keesler 1802:Pacific 1680:cannons 1487:During 1483:Origins 1326:Houston 1189:Alabama 1145:During 905:forces. 857:Alabama 656:Alabama 493:Florida 304:History 263:during 205:Notable 117:Command 90: 64:Country 3601:School 3170: 2940: 2819: 2642:(WFTC) 2630: 2362:(CFTC) 2350: 2123:(EFTC) 1901:, and 1878:, and 1815:, and 1794:Europe 1629:(WTTC) 1622:(CTTC) 1407:, and 1391:, and 1367:, and 1355:, and 1244:Berlin 1036:, and 1000:, 255 839:, and 833:pilots 166: 163: 158:Colors 82:Branch 73: 48:Active 2976:Notes 1899:Texas 1876:Texas 1846:Texas 1684:bombs 576:Texas 143:AAFTC 3168:OCLC 1690:and 1280:The 1129:and 1073:and 900:and 773:The 721:and 709:and 566:and 426:and 259:The 114:Size 106:Role 98:Type 1788:As 1309:in 1284:of 1219:in 847:at 3625:: 3371:^ 3182:^ 3174:, 3003:^ 2084:, 1951:. 1933:, 1929:; 1925:, 1917:, 1913:; 1909:, 1897:, 1882:, 1874:, 1867:. 1863:, 1848:. 1844:, 1819:. 1811:, 1682:, 1678:, 1565:. 1403:, 1399:, 1387:, 1383:, 1363:, 1351:, 1347:, 1336:. 1320:, 1250:. 1231:. 1223:. 1207:. 1187:, 1125:, 1081:, 855:, 835:, 725:. 717:, 686:, 654:, 591:, 491:, 372:. 296:. 3577:: 3443:e 3436:t 3429:v 1085:. 23:.

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Army Air Forces Training Command

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