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604:
343:
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1028:. The rapid evolution of warship design in the late 19th century transformed the ironclad from a wooden-hulled vessel which carried sails to supplement its steam engines into the steel-built, turreted battleships and cruisers familiar in the 20th century. This change was pushed forward by the development of heavier naval guns (the ironclads of the 1880s carried some of the heaviest guns ever mounted at sea), more sophisticated steam engines, and advances in metallurgy which made steel
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510:. Around the dynastic Tang, Song, and early Ming Period, cuirasses and plates (mingguangjia) were also used, with more elaborate versions for officers in war. The Chinese, during that time used partial plates for "important" body parts instead of covering their whole body since too much plate armour hinders their martial arts movement. The other body parts were covered in cloth, leather, lamellar, or
1362:, where care must be taken to ensure that the armour's reaction to fire does not cause issues with regards to the fire barrier being armoured to defeat explosions and projectiles in addition to fire, especially since both functions must be provided simultaneously, meaning they must be fire-tested together to provide realistic evidence of fitness for purpose.
644:
In the early years of low velocity firearms, full suits of armour, or breast plates actually stopped bullets fired from a modest distance. Crossbow bolts, if still in use, would seldom penetrate good plate, nor would any bullet unless fired from close range. In effect, rather than making plate armour
713:
bought iron and steel vests from peddlers (both sides had considered but rejected body armour for standard issue). The effectiveness of the vests varied widely, some successfully deflected bullets and saved lives, but others were poorly made and resulted in tragedy for the soldiers. In any case the
640:
In the early 15th century, advances in weaponry allowed infantry to defeat armoured knights on the battlefield. The quality of the metal used in armour deteriorated as armies became bigger and armour was made thicker, necessitating breeding of larger cavalry horses. If during the 14–15th centuries
805:
is another ballistic vest which is currently in testing with mixed results. As of 2019, it has been deemed too heavy, expensive, and unreliable, in comparison to more traditional plates, and it is outdated in protection compared to modern US IOTV armour, and even in testing was deemed a downgrade
1521:
were first used in ancient times without armour, but armour was introduced because elephants injured by enemy weapons would often flee the battlefield. Elephant armour was often made from hardened leather, which was fitted onto an individual elephant while moist, then dried to create a hardened
372:
when water-powered trip hammers made the formation of plates faster and cheaper. At times the development of armour has paralleled the development of increasingly effective weaponry on the battlefield, with armourers seeking to create better protection without sacrificing mobility.
843:
725:
was covered in a dark paint and a canvas wrap covered their elaborate
Napoleonic style helmets, to help mitigate the sunlight being reflected off the surfaces, thereby alerting the enemy of their location. Their armour was only meant for protection against edged weapons such as
649:
without being easily killed. Full suits of armour were actually worn by generals and princely commanders right up to the second decade of the 18th century. It was the only way they could be mounted and survey the overall battlefield with safety from distant
824:
The
Russian Armed Forces also have armour, known as the 6B43, all the way to 6B45, depending on variant. Their armour runs on the GOST system, which, due to regional conditions, has resulted in a technically higher protective level overall.
593:. Mail continued to be used to protect those joints which could not be adequately protected by plate, such as the armpit, crook of the elbow and groin. Another advantage of plate was that a lance rest could be fitted to the breast plate.
871:
1262:(APC) was devised during the First World War. It allows the safe and rapid movement of infantry in a combat zone, minimising casualties and maximising mobility. APCs are fundamentally different from the previously used armoured
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could pierce plate armour, so cavalry had to be far more mindful of the fire. In Japan, armour continued to be used until the late 19th century, with the last major fighting in which armour was used, this occurred in 1868.
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The rapid pace of change in the ironclad period meant that many ships were obsolete as soon as they were complete, and that naval tactics were in a state of flux. Many ironclads were built to make use of the
641:
armour seldom weighed more than 15 kg, then by the late 16th century it weighed 25 kg. The increasing weight and thickness of late 16th century armour therefore gave substantial resistance.
600:, as it was lengthened downward to protect the back of the neck and the sides of the head. Additionally, several new forms of fully enclosed helmets were introduced in the late 14th century.
1402:
has been used since at least 2000 BC. Cloth, leather, and metal protection covered cavalry horses in ancient civilisations, including ancient Egypt, Assyria, Persia, and Rome. Some formed
645:
obsolete, the use of firearms stimulated the development of plate armour into its later stages. For most of that period, it allowed horsemen to fight while being the targets of defending
797:, which uses Enhanced Small Arms Protective Inserts (ESAPIs) in the chest, sides, and back of the armour. Each plate is rated to stop a range of ammunition including 3 hits from a
585:
to give a surface of harder steel. Plate armour became cheaper than mail by the 15th century as it required much less labour and labour had become much more expensive after the
1255:
during the Second World War have almost completely disappeared from the world's militaries due to increased lethality of the weapons available to the vehicle-mounted infantry.
637:
By 1400, the full harness of plate armour had been developed in armouries of
Lombardy. Heavy cavalry dominated the battlefield for centuries in part because of their armour.
1044:, which a number of naval designers considered the crucial weapons of naval combat. There is no clear end to the ironclad period, but towards the end of the 1890s the term
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Armour did not always cover all of the body; sometimes no more than a helmet and leg plates were worn. The rest of the body was generally protected by means of a large
342:
472:) passed through Korea and reached Japan around the 5th century. These early Japanese lamellar armours took the form of a sleeveless jacket, leggings and a helmet.
603:
1177:
in the period before the Second World War, military pilots, once the "knights of the air" during the First World War, became far more vulnerable to ground fire.
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vests were abandoned by many soldiers due to their increased weight on long marches, as well as the stigma they got for being cowards from their fellow troops.
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557:
168:
434:
520:, sometimes called "chainmail", made of interlocking iron rings is believed to have first appeared some time after 300 BC. Its invention is credited to the
1161:. It was envisioned as an armoured machine that could advance under fire from enemy rifles and machine guns, and respond with its own heavy guns. It used
1526:(small overlapping metal plates) was introduced. Full plate armour was not typically used due to its expense and the danger of the animal overheating.
661:. This gave the horse protection and enhanced the visual impression of a mounted knight. Late in the era, elaborate barding was used in parade armour.
809:
The
British Armed Forces also have their own armour, known as Osprey. It is rated to the same general equivalent standard as the US counterpart, the
3080:
1351:
1293:) protecting particularly vital areas from the effects of nearby impacts. Since ships cannot carry enough armour to completely protect against
689:
Back and breast plates continued to be used throughout the entire period of the 18th century and through
Napoleonic times, in many European
1297:, they depend more on defensive weapons destroying incoming missiles, or causing them to miss by confusing their guidance systems with
414:, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I (1914–1915). The
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Significant factors in the development of armour include the economic and technological necessities of its production. For instance,
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In modern ground forces' usage, the meaning of armour has expanded to include the role of troops in combat. After the evolution of
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303:. It has been made from a variety of materials, beginning with the use of leathers or fabrics as protection and evolving through
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were produced during World War I. Aerial armour has been used to protect pilots and aircraft systems since the First World War.
330:, and furthered commercial development of metallurgy and engineering. Armour was also an important factor in the development of
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for both rider and horse, are believed by many historians to have influenced the later
European knights, via contact with the
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were horse-drawn wagons that were similarly armoured. These contained guns or crossbowmen that could fire through gun-slits.
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as armour protection for knights became more effective, their mounts became targets. This vulnerability was exploited by the
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Gradually, starting in the mid-16th century, one plate element after another was discarded to save weight for foot soldiers.
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Gradually, small additional plates or discs of iron were added to the mail to protect vulnerable areas. Hardened leather and
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use little to no vehicular armour as they are not crewed vessels, this results in them being lightweight and small in size.
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514:. In pre-Qin dynasty times, leather armour was made out of various animals, with more exotic ones such as the rhinoceros.
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were usually protected by wooden armour, often covered with wet hides or thin metal to prevent being easily burned.
72:
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The Knight and the Blast
Furnace: A History of the Metallurgy of Armour in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
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with body protection against physical impact. However, it does not provide very much protection against firearms.
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dropped out of use. New ships were increasingly constructed to a standard pattern and designated battleships or
264:. It is dated from 1297 as a "mail, defensive covering worn in combat". The word originates from the Old French
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Naval armour has fundamentally changed from the Second World War doctrine of thicker plating to defend against
1181:, armour plating was added to aircraft to protect aircrew and vulnerable areas such as engines and fuel tanks.
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units of armoured horses and riders used to attack infantry and mounted archers. Armour for horses is called
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fragments, and greater mobility in more terrain types. The basic APC design was substantially expanded to an
1146:. These started as ordinary wheeled motor-cars protected by iron shields, typically mounting a machine gun.
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171:) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially
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The first modern production technology for armour plating was used by navies in the construction of the
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In East Asia, many types of armour were commonly used at different times by various cultures, including
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Though the age of the knight was over, armour continued to be used in many capacities. Soldiers in the
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479:. Examples of armies equipping their troops in this fashion were the Aztecs (13th to 15th century CE).
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Early plate in Italy, and elsewhere in the 13th–15th century, were made of iron. Iron armour could be
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Tank armour has progressed from the Second World War armour forms, now incorporating not only harder
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saw use from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century, including the
American Civil War (1861–1865), the
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183:, or from a potentially dangerous environment or activity (e.g. cycling, construction sites, etc.).
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Armour drove the development of many important technologies of the
Ancient World, including wood
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the manufacture of metal personal armour has dominated the technology and employment of armour.
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1955:"Ballistic Protection Levels." BulletproofME.com Body Armor. ArmorUP L.P., n.d. 19 October 2014
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1959:
DiNardo, R.L. (January 1986). "The First Modern Tank: Gunther
Burstyn and His Motorgeschutz".
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constructed from iron plates connected together by leather thongs. Japanese lamellar armour (
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Surviving period examples of barding are rare; however, complete sets are on display at the
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in the 14th century, when horses were killed by the infantry, and for the English at the
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functioned like armour in that they added protection but also increased weight and cost.
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in many situations. In modern armoured warfare, armoured units equipped with tanks and
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shell. Alternatively, metal armour pieces were sometimes sewn into heavy cloth. Later
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was developed, an armour made of large plates sewn inside a textile or leather coat.
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Although the role of the ground attack aircraft significantly diminished after the
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The horse was afforded protection from lances and infantry weapons by steel plate
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1354:. Such fire barriers may be designed to inherently function as armour, or may be
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1689:"Intriguojanti vieno šedevro istorija – Žygimanto Augusto vaikiškų šarvų paroda"
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1274:(IFV) when properties of an APC and a light tank were combined in one vehicle.
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Ironclads were designed for several roles, including as high seas battleships,
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strikes with minimal effect on the crew or the operation of the vehicle. The
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and their combat formations came to be referred to collectively as "armour".
1005:, which was twice the size and had iron armour over an iron hull. After the
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rode out to engage the German Cavalry. By that period, the shiny metallic
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of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later
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1620:"armour | History, Types, Definition, & Facts | Britannica"
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1499:(hardened leather), but surviving examples of this are especially rare.
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The word "armour" began to appear in the Middle Ages as a derivative of
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1099:(1946–1954). The most intensive use of armoured trains was during the
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in New York City. Horse armour could be made in whole or in part of
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Probably the most recognised style of armour in the world became the
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1972:
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etc.) and ceramic or metal plates are common among police officers,
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35:
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1828:
Pyhrr, Stuart W.; LaRocca, Donald J.; Breiding, Dirk H. (2005).
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in that they offer a higher level of protection from artillery
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units, until the early 20th century. From their introduction,
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Examples of armour for horses could be found as far back as
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The small skull cap evolved into a bigger true helmet, the
231:
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and torpedoes. Passive defence naval armour is limited to
589:, though it did require larger furnaces to produce larger
1316:
authorised the design and production of what became the
919:
were mounted in armoured fighting vehicles and replaced
464:, worn by horsemen were both pre-samurai types of early
456:
were manufactured in Japan as early as the 4th century.
27:
Covering used to protect from physical injury or damage
2586:
1921:
1933:
1909:
1897:
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to cross ground broken up by shellfire and trenches.
1013:, it became clear that the ironclad had replaced the
998:
to build a counter. The following year they launched
717:
At the start of World War I, thousands of the French
226:, and their role in combat. After the development of
1885:
1827:
2069:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
1848:
1834:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 8.
535:construction were used for arm and leg pieces. The
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2184:
2104:
2005:
1453:. Barding developed as a response to such events.
1391:A 16th-century knight with a horse in full barding
2008:The Seventy Great Inventions of the Ancient World
972:during her third commission between 1867 and 1871
4103:
939:, and belong to the armoured branch of warfare.
900:, reaching its pinnacle of development with the
702:had one last short lived use in 1877 during the
251:Portrait of a Gentleman in Armour with Two Pages
801:AP round at a range of 10 m (33 ft).
746:, unlike the foot soldiers, who at least had a
279:meaning "arms and/or equipment", with the root
223:
542:
426:for hundreds of years up to the 19th century.
2882:
2311:
1149:During the First World War, the stalemate of
1106:
2682:
1338:from small arms as well as projectiles from
2086:The Guinness Book of More Military Blunders
630:, but continuing to the early 17th century
280:
274:
2889:
2875:
2318:
2304:
2111:. New York: Carrol & Graf Publishers.
528:are thought to have adopted their design.
2031:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
1868:Horse Armor of Duke Ulrich of WĂĽrttemberg
1808:The Guinness Book of Tank Facts and Feats
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2205:
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849:Early Modern horse armour on display at
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602:
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341:
334:, which in turn revolutionised warfare.
245:
140:
2182:
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2045:
1958:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1083:Boer Wars (1880–81 and 1899–1902), the
14:
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1831:The Armored Horse in Europe, 1480–1620
1693:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
1551:High-voltage transformer fire barriers
1346:, which form part of large electrical
1332:High-voltage transformer fire barriers
1312:, and in the recognition of this, the
1251:that were the last descendants of the
2870:
2299:
2003:
1511:Model of an armoured elephant at the
1017:as the most powerful warship afloat.
2102:
1445:shot horses and the then dismounted
1289:or steel (either single layer or as
573:'s marriage to Sigismund II Augustus
442:in mountain pattern armour, 16th c.
307:and metal plate into today's modern
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1418:) especially when used by European
790:and some branches of the military.
24:
2130:. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
1502:
1173:With the development of effective
1007:first battle between two ironclads
607:Heavily armoured riders and their
25:
4133:
2265:
2244:
2029:Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures
1856:The Savaran: The Original Knights
1810:. Guinness Superlatives Limited,
1590:"Definition of armour in English"
674:Elements of a Light-Cavalry Armor
4086:
4085:
4077:
2785:Body armor performance standards
2325:
2283:
2271:
2191:. San Diego: Lucent Publishers.
2149:. New York: Dover Publications.
2126:Robinson, Basil William (1951).
1371:
870:
858:
842:
830:
766:, made of ballistic cloth (e.g.
299:Armour has been used throughout
187:is used to protect soldiers and
34:
4122:Military equipment of antiquity
2210:. Vol. 12. Leiden: Brill.
2012:. London: Thames & Hudson.
1961:The Journal of Military History
1876:
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1858:. University of Oklahoma Press.
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1800:
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1157:spurred the development of the
45:needs additional citations for
2083:
1707:
1681:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1630:
1612:
1582:
1015:unarmoured line-of-battle ship
1009:took place in 1862 during the
994:in 1859 prompting the British
750:to give them some protection.
13:
1:
2571:Boiled leather (cuir bouilli)
2546:Kusari (Japanese mail armour)
2187:The Civil War: Weapons of War
2050:. Westport: Greenwood Press.
1948:
1334:are often required to defeat
1324:that first saw action in the
1140:
677:
549:Components of medieval armour
355:
2128:Arms and Armour of Old Japan
1188:
942:
815:Soldier Plate Carrier System
811:Improved Outer Tactical Vest
738:. Cavalry had to be wary of
565:, which was commissioned by
460:, worn by foot soldiers and
241:
7:
3456:Helmet Steel Airborne Troop
2896:
2249:. New York: DK Publishing.
2164:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
1529:
1308:, it re-emerged during the
1235:. As a result of this, the
1168:
1064:An armoured train from 1915
927:serve the historic role of
853:in New York City, New York.
634:in all European countries.
543:13th to 18th century Europe
376:Well-known armour types in
288:
10:
4138:
3592:Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet
1872:Philadelphia Museum of Art
1713:Williams 2003, pp. 740–41.
1657:Robinson 2002, pp. 169–170
1493:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1477:Philadelphia Museum of Art
1441:in the same century where
1380:
1320:dedicated anti-armour and
1260:armoured personnel carrier
1133:armoured fighting vehicles
1110:
1107:Armoured fighting vehicles
951:
925:infantry fighting vehicles
889:
885:
851:Metropolitan Museum of Art
753:
553:Armour in the 18th century
546:
337:
292:
270:, itself derived from the
201:armoured fighting vehicles
131:
4073:
3997:
3956:
3866:
3781:
3705:
3574:
3413:
3382:
3209:
3113:
3104:
2904:
2864:
2838:
2824:
2623:
2595:
2579:
2357:
2334:
2183:Stewart, Gail B. (2000).
2065:Kistler, John M. (2007).
2046:Gabriel, Richard (2007).
1806:Macksey, Kenneth (1980).
1566:Rolled homogeneous armour
1272:infantry fighting vehicle
1243:era can survive multiple
1113:Armoured fighting vehicle
1055:
214:A second use of the term
2690:Armour of the Kelly gang
2536:Karuta (Japanese armour)
2145:Robinson, Henry (2002).
2084:Regan, Geoffrey (1993).
2027:Farris, William (1998).
1576:
1571:Commercial uses of armor
1245:rocket-propelled grenade
947:
793:The US Army has adopted
664:
429:
285:meaning "arms or gear".
2588:Bullet-resistant armour
2541:Kikko (Japanese armour)
2358:Historical armour types
2245:Willmott, H.P. (2003).
2206:Williams, Alan (2003).
2166:Naval Warfare 1815–1914
1449:knights were killed by
1356:passive fire protection
1239:(MBT) conceived in the
1183:Self-sealing fuel tanks
1175:anti-aircraft artillery
837:Medieval German helmet.
795:Interceptor body armour
266:
134:Armour (disambiguation)
3794:Advanced Combat Helmet
2839:Fictional armour types
2288:Quotations related to
1854:Nell, Grant S. (1995)
1515:
1513:Royal Armouries Museum
1392:
1322:ground-attack aircraft
1220:
1065:
990:, was launched by the
973:
683:
615:
574:
512:mountain pattern armor
446:
361:
281:
275:
257:
209:ground attack aircraft
173:direct contact weapons
149:
3886:Boxing / Martial Arts
2437:Mail and plate armour
2168:. London: Routledge.
2088:. Enfield: Guinness.
2004:Fagan, Brian (2004).
1740:Williams 2003, p. 916
1731:Williams 2003, p. 53.
1510:
1435:Battle of Bannockburn
1390:
1196:
1063:
1022:coastal defence ships
965:
952:Further information:
819:Modular Tactical Vest
672:
606:
563:Sigismund II Augustus
560:
547:Further information:
437:
345:
328:Industrial Revolution
249:
144:
3436:M32 (Czechoslovakia)
2695:Brewster Body Shield
2280:at Wikimedia Commons
2103:Reid, Peter (2007).
1722:Williams 2003, p. 55
1648:Robinson 2002, p. 10
1340:transformer bushings
1095:(1939–1945) and the
984:over a wooden hull,
788:corrections officers
742:, machine guns, and
632:Age of Enlightenment
622:associated with the
571:Elizabeth of Austria
424:many types of armour
169:spelling differences
157:Commonwealth English
132:For other uses, see
54:improve this article
3607:Romanian M73 helmet
3561:M1918 (Switzerland)
3481:Mk II talker helmet
3446:Stahlhelm (Germany)
3001:Henry VIII's Horned
2580:Modern armour types
2519:Gothic plate armour
2509:Kasten-brust armour
2432:Transitional armour
1882:Phyrr et al., 57–59
1788:Sondhaus, pp. 73–74
1594:Oxford Dictionaries
1561:Powered exoskeleton
1458:classical antiquity
1360:augmented by armour
1344:lightning arresters
1231:designed to defeat
1097:First Indochina War
1073:Franco-Prussian War
917:mechanised infantry
567:Emperor Ferdinand I
236:mechanised infantry
3844:Lightweight Helmet
3319:Lobster-tailed pot
2757:Osprey body armour
1770:Stewart, pp. 74–75
1624:www.britannica.com
1516:
1481:Wallace Collection
1393:
1299:electronic warfare
1295:anti-ship missiles
1221:
1163:caterpillar tracks
1066:
1011:American Civil War
974:
711:American Civil War
684:
616:
575:
447:
368:first appeared in
362:
258:
150:
4099:
4098:
4067:
4066:
3906:Gridiron football
3862:
3861:
3516:SSh-39 and SSh-40
3451:M1934/39 (Greece)
2798:
2797:
2780:
2779:
2712:Ranger Body Armor
2678:
2677:
2624:Ballistic fabrics
2524:Maximilian armour
2380:Lorica segmentata
2276:Media related to
2256:978-0-7894-9627-0
2217:978-90-04-12498-1
2198:978-1-56006-626-2
2175:978-0-415-21478-0
2156:978-0-486-41818-6
2137:978-0-11-290074-0
2118:978-0-7867-1859-7
2095:978-0-85112-728-6
2076:978-0-8032-6004-7
2057:978-0-313-33348-4
2048:The Ancient World
2038:978-0-8248-2030-5
2019:978-0-500-05130-6
1541:Bioinspired armor
1131:The first modern
1101:Russian Civil War
1093:Second World Wars
1087:(1919–1921), the
1085:Polish–Soviet War
1075:(1870–1871), the
1050:armoured cruisers
1024:, and long-range
980:battleship, with
704:Satsuma Rebellion
569:for his daughter
438:Wooden statue of
390:lorica segmentata
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4129:
4089:
4088:
4081:
3501:M1940 (Portugal)
3176:Late Roman ridge
3111:
3110:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2680:
2679:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2583:
2499:Greenwich armour
2320:
2313:
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2297:
2296:
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2241:
2235:
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2229:
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2202:
2190:
2179:
2160:
2141:
2122:
2110:
2107:Medieval Warfare
2099:
2080:
2061:
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2023:
2011:
2000:
1943:
1937:
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1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
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1880:
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1798:
1797:Sondhaus, p. 86.
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1640:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1596:. Archived from
1586:
1470:Byzantine Empire
1425:During the late
1237:main battle tank
1145:
1142:
1091:(1914–1918) and
913:armoured warfare
898:ironclad warship
874:
862:
846:
834:
762:, also known as
740:repeating rifles
682:
679:
628:Late Middle Ages
626:of the European
561:Child armour of
378:European history
360:
357:
313:military history
301:recorded history
284:
278:
269:
228:armoured warfare
224:armoured weapons
165:American English
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
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4131:
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4126:
4117:Safety clothing
4102:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4091:Category:Armour
4069:
4068:
4063:
3993:
3984:Riot protection
3952:
3858:
3809:ECH (Australia)
3777:
3701:
3570:
3566:Type 92 Tetsubo
3491:Netherlands M34
3441:M1923 (Denmark)
3409:
3405:Tarleton helmet
3378:
3211:
3205:
3100:
2956:Coventry Sallet
2908:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2860:
2834:
2820:
2794:
2776:
2674:
2670:Ballistic nylon
2619:
2597:Ballistic plate
2575:
2494:Munition armour
2407:Lamellar armour
2402:Lorica squamata
2353:
2330:
2324:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2247:First World War
2233:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2199:
2176:
2157:
2147:Oriental Armour
2138:
2119:
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2020:
1973:10.2307/1988528
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1765:
1758:Robinson 2002,
1757:
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1749:Robinson 1951,
1748:
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1695:(in Lithuanian)
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1613:
1603:
1601:
1600:on 29 July 2012
1588:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1532:
1524:lamellar armour
1505:
1503:Elephant armour
1485:Royal Armouries
1483:in London, the
1439:Battle of Crécy
1385:
1379:
1374:
1229:reactive armour
1191:
1171:
1143:
1115:
1109:
1069:Armoured trains
1058:
960:
950:
945:
894:
888:
881:
875:
866:
863:
854:
847:
838:
835:
784:security guards
760:ballistic vests
756:
680:
667:
555:
545:
488:lamellar armour
466:Japanese armour
432:
386:lorica squamata
370:Medieval Europe
358:
352:Mycenaean Greek
340:
297:
291:
244:
220:armoured forces
205:combat aircraft
185:Personal armour
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4074:
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4065:
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4049:
4047:American fiber
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3589:
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3582:Bangtan Helmet
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3551:M1937 (Sweden)
3548:
3546:M1926 (Sweden)
3543:
3538:
3536:M1942 Modelo Z
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
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3508:
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3483:
3478:
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3431:M36 (Bulgaria)
3428:
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3091:Witcham Gravel
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2961:Crosby Garrett
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2667:
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2663:Spectra Shield
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2482:Muscle cuirass
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2444:
2442:Coat of plates
2439:
2434:
2429:
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2412:Laminar armour
2409:
2404:
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2397:Lorica plumata
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2001:
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1930:, p. 211.
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1410:(also spelled
1381:Main article:
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1375:
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1370:
1233:shaped charges
1190:
1187:
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1153:during on the
1151:trench warfare
1111:Main article:
1108:
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892:Vehicle armour
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700:Samurai armour
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614:, 16th century
544:
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537:coat of plates
492:laminar armour
431:
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359: 1400 BC
348:Dendra panoply
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324:metal refining
311:. For much of
293:Main article:
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3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Hełm wz. 2000
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
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3668:
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3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
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3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Hungarian M70
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:L'Eplattenier
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:M1934 (Spain)
3529:
3527:
3526:M1926 (Spain)
3524:
3522:
3521:M1921 (Spain)
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
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3464:
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3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Germanic boar
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:Falling buffe
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
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3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
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3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
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3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Staffordshire
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
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2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
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2929:
2927:
2924:
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2913:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
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2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
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2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:Armor systems
2681:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Ceramic plate
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Mirror armour
2460:
2458:
2457:Splint armour
2455:
2453:
2452:Jack of plate
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Lorica hamata
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2227:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2067:War Elephants
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1942:, p. 21.
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1918:, p. 22.
1917:
1912:
1906:, p. 13.
1905:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1843:
1841:9781588391506
1837:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1817:
1816:0-85112-204-3
1813:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1636:Farris 1998,
1633:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1519:War elephants
1514:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:heavy cavalry
1401:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1372:Animal armour
1369:
1367:
1366:Combat drones
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:spaced armour
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1253:light cavalry
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1179:As a response
1176:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:Western Front
1152:
1147:
1138:
1137:armoured cars
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1119:siege engines
1114:
1104:
1103:(1918–1920).
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
971:
970:
964:
959:
955:
940:
938:
934:
933:light cavalry
930:
929:heavy cavalry
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
893:
879:
873:
868:
861:
856:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
827:
826:
822:
820:
816:
812:
807:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
720:
715:
712:
707:
705:
701:
696:
692:
691:heavy cavalry
687:
675:
671:
662:
660:
655:
653:
648:
642:
638:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
610:
605:
601:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
583:case hardened
580:
572:
568:
564:
559:
554:
550:
540:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
441:
436:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
394:Roman legions
391:
387:
383:
382:lorica hamata
379:
374:
371:
367:
353:
349:
344:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
296:
286:
283:
277:
273:
268:
263:
256:
255:Paris Bordone
252:
248:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
147:
143:
139:
135:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4022:Heraldic use
4010:Helmet cover
3782:2001–present
3612:MÂş 44 E.T.A.
3466:M42 Duperite
3364:Takula tofao
3314:Lamellenhelm
3212:Early Modern
3210:Medieval and
3181:Montefortino
2926:Benty Grange
2531:Lame (armor)
2514:White armour
2504:Almain rivet
2489:Plate armour
2417:Scale armour
2326:
2292:at Wikiquote
2246:
2207:
2186:
2165:
2146:
2127:
2106:
2085:
2066:
2047:
2028:
2007:
1967:(1): 12–15.
1964:
1960:
1940:Kistler 2007
1935:
1928:Kistler 2007
1923:
1916:Kistler 2007
1911:
1904:Kistler 2007
1899:
1894:, p. 9.
1892:Kistler 2007
1887:
1878:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1830:
1823:
1807:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1671:
1666:Fagan 2004,
1662:
1653:
1644:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:the original
1593:
1584:
1517:
1497:cuir bouilli
1474:
1466:scale armour
1455:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1377:Horse armour
1364:
1359:
1348:transformers
1330:
1314:US Air Force
1303:
1276:
1257:
1222:
1172:
1148:
1139:, developed
1130:
1123:
1116:
1067:
1045:
1034:
1030:shipbuilding
1019:
1001:
986:
975:
968:
958:Naval armour
910:
904:. The first
895:
865:Plate armour
823:
808:
799:7.62Ă—51 NATO
792:
764:flak jackets
757:
716:
708:
688:
685:
673:
656:
647:arquebusiers
643:
639:
636:
620:plate armour
617:
595:
576:
530:
516:
504:plate armour
484:scale armour
481:
474:
469:
461:
457:
448:
444:Ming dynasty
420:Feudal Japan
418:warriors of
380:include the
375:
366:plate armour
363:
317:
298:
259:
250:
215:
213:
160:
152:
151:
138:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3799:BK-3 helmet
3753:Hełm wz. 93
3677:Paratrooper
3662:Modèle 1978
3657:Modèle 1951
3632:Hełm wz. 67
3627:Hełm wz. 63
3622:Hełm wz. 50
3496:Hełm wz. 31
3461:M33 (Italy)
3400:Pith helmet
3395:Pickelhaube
3383:Late Modern
3359:Spangenhelm
3344:Pickelhaube
3244:Cervelliere
3126:Boar's tusk
2986:Guisborough
2951:Coțofenești
2856:Power armor
2851:Ring armour
2846:Banded mail
2802:Flak jacket
2732:FSBE AAV QR
2722:Dragon Skin
2658:UHMWPE/HPPE
2615:Steel plate
2610:Doron plate
2472:Breastplate
1536:Battledress
1462:Cataphracts
1427:Middle Ages
1396:Body armour
1310:Vietnam War
1264:half-tracks
1249:light tanks
1227:, but also
1218:cage armour
1199:US Military
1144: 1900
992:French Navy
982:iron armour
878:Riot police
803:Dragon Skin
719:Cuirassiers
681: 1510
587:Black Death
496:plated mail
409:renaissance
203:, and some
195:is used on
189:war animals
177:projectiles
148:mail armour
146:Western Xia
4106:Categories
3933:Motorcycle
3916:Revolution
3901:Equestrian
3728:M90 (Iraq)
3309:Kulah khud
3269:Frog-mouth
3146:Corinthian
3136:Chalcidian
3066:Sutton Hoo
3051:Ribchester
3011:Iron Gates
3006:Horncastle
2976:Gjermundbu
2946:Coppergate
2936:Canterbury
2907:historical
2905:Individual
2825:Components
2646:Kevlar KM2
2447:Brigandine
2422:Chain mail
2365:Linothorax
2339:Body armor
1949:References
1556:Linothorax
1491:, and the
1443:longbowmen
1400:war horses
1358:materials
1336:ballistics
1306:Korean War
1225:composites
1126:war wagons
1032:possible.
996:Royal Navy
976:The first
902:battleship
612:war horses
579:carburised
508:brigandine
388:, and the
322:, mining,
320:lamination
309:composites
305:chain mail
295:Body armor
262:Old French
218:describes
80:newspapers
4059:Zuckerman
4015:Mitznefet
3964:Custodian
3943:Scrum cap
3911:Eyeshield
3789:A2 Helmet
3706:1980–2000
3692:Swiss M71
3575:1945–1980
3414:1914–1945
3284:Hounskull
3166:Kegelhelm
2817:Stab vest
2812:Bomb suit
2807:Riot gear
2700:Steel Bib
2631:Gold Flex
2467:Klivanion
2375:Buff coat
2236:ignored (
2226:cite book
1997:477932108
1981:0026-3931
1546:Bomb suit
1210:composite
1203:M1 Abrams
1124:Medieval
1000:HMS
967:HMS
744:artillery
450:Cuirasses
422:utilised
242:Etymology
207:, mostly
110:June 2023
4037:Tarnhelm
3979:Hard hat
3928:Lacrosse
3867:Athletic
3839:KH-B2000
3814:ECH (US)
3642:M76 Para
3587:CABAL II
3259:Enclosed
3239:Burgonet
3234:Bascinet
3224:Aventail
3201:Shmarjet
3191:Phrygian
3161:Imperial
3156:Illyrian
3131:Boeotian
3086:Waterloo
3081:Venetian
3056:Shorwell
3036:Nijmegen
3031:Newstead
2991:Hallaton
2971:Gevninge
2941:CiumeĹźti
2916:Agighiol
2831:Medieval
2747:MTV/IMTV
2561:Haramaki
2370:Gambeson
1699:23 April
1604:12 April
1530:See also
1352:NFPA 850
1326:Gulf War
1241:Cold War
1214:reactive
1169:Aircraft
1117:Ancient
1046:ironclad
1026:cruisers
978:ironclad
937:dragoons
728:bayonets
598:bascinet
533:splinted
405:medieval
354:armour,
332:firearms
289:Personal
276:armatura
197:warships
69:"Armour"
4032:Mahiole
3989:Welding
3896:Cricket
3891:Bicycle
3879:Coolflo
3874:Batting
3768:SPECTRA
3697:Type 66
3390:Dragoon
3354:Secrete
3289:Jingasa
3254:Dragoon
3229:Barbute
3114:Ancient
3046:Pioneer
3021:Meyrick
3016:Lokrume
2909:helmets
2898:Helmets
2790:BA 9000
2717:IBA/OTV
2556:DĹŤ-maru
2551:ĹŚ-yoroi
2477:Cuirass
2427:Hauberk
2349:Barding
1989:1988528
1870:at the
1779:ArmorUP
1464:, with
1433:at the
1420:knights
1408:barding
1383:Barding
1189:Present
1042:torpedo
1040:or the
1002:Warrior
969:Warrior
954:Warship
943:History
886:Vehicle
780:spectra
772:dyneema
758:Today,
754:Present
723:cuirass
695:muskets
659:barding
624:knights
454:helmets
440:Guan Yu
416:samurai
412:knights
401:hauberk
392:of the
338:History
179:during
94:scholar
4112:Armour
4082:Portal
4054:Winged
4027:Horned
4005:Flight
3969:Diving
3938:Racing
3923:Hockey
3804:QGF-03
3738:M59/85
3687:SSh-68
3682:SSh-60
3672:OR-201
3617:M59/85
3541:SSK 90
3511:SSh-36
3486:Mk III
3426:Brodie
3421:Adrian
3374:Viking
3369:Turban
3349:Sallet
3339:Paseki
3329:Morion
3304:Kettle
3299:Katapu
3294:Kabuto
3141:Coolus
3106:Combat
3041:Peretu
3026:Nemiya
2996:Hellvi
2752:PRU-70
2651:Twaron
2641:Kevlar
2636:Aramid
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2385:Manica
2327:Armour
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2278:Armour
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1279:shells
1216:, and
1081:Second
1056:Trains
987:Gloire
935:, and
776:twaron
768:kevlar
748:trench
736:lances
734:, and
732:sabres
654:fire.
652:musket
609:barded
591:blooms
526:Romans
524:; the
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477:shield
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267:armure
216:armour
181:combat
167:; see
153:Armour
96:
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3723:GOLFO
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3667:MPC-1
3647:Mk IV
3334:Nasal
3324:Mempo
3279:Great
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3219:Armet
3196:Pilos
3186:Negau
3171:Konos
3151:Galea
3121:Attic
3076:Veksø
3071:Tjele
2966:Emesa
2921:Agris
2727:CIRAS
2707:PASGT
2329:types
1985:JSTOR
1677:p. 79
1638:p. 75
1577:Notes
1489:Leeds
1431:Scots
1283:bombs
1268:burst
1208:uses
1135:were
1089:First
1077:First
948:Ships
906:tanks
665:Later
522:Celts
470:keiko
462:keikĹŤ
458:TankĹŤ
430:Early
272:Latin
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101:JSTOR
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3849:MICH
3834:IHPS
3824:6B47
3819:FAST
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3597:GK80
3096:Yarm
2931:Broe
2762:SPCS
2742:IOTV
2251:ISBN
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2170:ISBN
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2113:ISBN
2090:ISBN
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1969:doi
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