583:, near Yerevan). He thought the government disliked the Armenians for being anti-government (the Armenians wanted a fair and strong political power for protection and therefore wanted the downfall of the autocratic and bureaucratic regime). Anet characterized the Armenians as "getting rich quickly at the expense of the populations in the midst of which they live and excelling in the money business like the Jews", and "using bombs for defence instead of hand-to-hand combat". He wrote that "for a long time Russian policy was made in the Caucasus against the Armenians" and that "Russian policy aroused the Tatars against the Armenians, who themselves were not suspected of intellectualism".
687:, looting and burning Armenian businesses and killing any Armenians they could find. Approximately 50 Armenians were murdered and some of the Armenian shopkeepers were burnt alive in their shops. On the same day, Tatar villagers from the countryside began attacking their Armenian neighbours. Villari cites official reports mentioning that "out of a total of 52 villages with Armenian or mixed Armenian–Tartar populations, 47 were attacked, and of that 47, 19 were completely destroyed and abandoned by their inhabitants. The total number of dead, including those in Nakchivan town, was 239. Later, in a revenge attack, Armenians attacked a Tartar village, killing 36 people".
489:
597:
655:, a Baku-based Dutch correspondent known for stressing the need for insight to “the other side of the story”, claimed that the riots started with the killing of an Azeri schoolboy and a shopkeeper in Baku, followed by an Azeri mob's march on the Armenian quarters of Baku, and 126 Azeris and 218 Armenians killed within four days. According to the Baku Statistical Bureau, 205 Armenians and 111 Tatars were killed in the clashes, of which 9 were women, 20 were children, and 13 were elderly, along with 249 wounded.
3115:
615:
2172:
35:
170:
89:
607:, a Swedish scholar from Stockholm-based Institute for Security and Development Policy, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program (CACI) and American Foreign Policy Council, in his "Small nations and great powers: a study of ethnopolitical conflict in the Caucasus" provides various sources that give conflicting accounts on the
567:, who in April 1905 crossed the Caucasus region by automobile, "the many minorities – and, in particular, Azeris (Tatars) and Armenians - resumed ancestral clashes". Anet wrote that the government accused the Armenians of being the instigators but he believed the government was wrong. He explained that the Armenians, who formed the
637:
and
Lebanese-Armenian historian Hratch Dasnabedian, have argued that the Azeris provoked the fighting, leading to a strong Armenian response. In Villari's view, Tatars had started the conflict by killing numerous unarmed Armenians in February 1905 causing a strong response in the Armenian community.
526:
At the time of the clashes, the
Armenians and Tatars were known for being proficient in each other's languages and mixing between the two communities was common. The destruction of each other's villages and the pogroms in Baku therefore resulted in grave distress both on a local as well as on a
675:
district began smuggling consignments of weapons from Persia. By April, murders of
Armenians in the district began to assume alarming proportions and the Armenian community applied to the Russian authorities for protection. However, Luigi Villari describes the district's governor as "bitterly
382:
664:
365:
887:. ABC-CLIO, 2008. "To these larger moments can be added dozens of lesser ones, such as the 1905-06 Armenian-Tartar wars that gave Azeris and Armenians an opportunity to kill one another in the areas of Armenia and Azerbaijan that were then controlled by Russia..."
827:
Pourjavady, R. (2023). "Introduction: Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan and
Georgia in the 19th century". In Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 20. Iran, Afghanistan and the Caucasus (1800-1914). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. doi:
638:
Dasnabedian wrote that the Azeris, ‘free to massacre with impunity’, ‘unleashed a war against the
Armenians, with a clear intention to massacre, pillage, and destroy, killing unarmed Armenians in February 1905 in Baku, and later moving to other cities including
291:
479:
The violence led to a sense of distrust and animosity that persisted for many years. This tension largely resulted from the larger political and social issues of the time, rather than any inherent conflict between the
Armenian and Tatar peoples.
530:
According to historian Sen
Hovhannisian, 4,000 people were wounded or killed as a result of the massacres. Moreover, 178 of 182 Armenian shops in Nakhichevan were looted and many Armenian villages were set on fire. Near Tiflis (present-day
394:
331:
513:
The clashes were not confined to the towns; 128 Armenian and 158 Tatar villages were sacked and ruined. The total number of lives lost ranges is estimated between 3,100 to at least 10,000. Another 15,000 people were uprooted.
279:
263:
558:) the Armenians." During the massacres, the government, despite its sufficient strength, did not intervene. Viceroy Vorontsov-Dashkov himself said that government forces had done nothing to prevent the massacres.
348:
642:', which resulted in a response from the Dashnaks who managed to ‘stop the original momentum of the armed and destructive Azeri mobs’ and even ‘counterattack and sometimes severely punish’ the Azeris.
522:
members on the
Armenian side were more effective and that the poor Tartar organization lead to more casualties on the Tatar side. However, the Armenians sustained more than 75% of the property damage.
832:
377:
748:
258:
1147:
286:
274:
867:. I.B.Tauris, 2001. "Until the 1905—6 Armeno-Tatar (the Azeris were called Tatars by Russia) war, localism was the main tenet of cultural identity among Azeri intellectuals."
948:
Willem van
Schendel, Erik Jan Zürcher. Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World: Nationalism, Ethnicity and Labour in the Twentieth Century. I.B.Tauris, 2001.
217:
389:
343:
17:
1257:
3855:
1665:
360:
1351:
326:
1391:
1751:
246:
745:
210:
3715:
1384:
According to the 1892 official data, "10524 of 25758 inhabitants of the city were
Armenians, there were 6 Armenian Apostolic (Gregorian) churches",
457:
3755:
1139:
1536:
Ferrari, Aldo (2023). "The Armenians Themselves Burnt Their Own Houses and Desecrated Their Own Churches: Luigi Villari's Nakhichevan in 1905".
698:, out of the 300 killed and wounded, about two-thirds were Tatars as the Armenians were better shooters and enjoyed the advantage of position.
311:
2367:
3750:
3049:
1787:
1722:
203:
3870:
3865:
3860:
2821:
926:
880:
852:
3264:
1793:
1578:
1006:
3850:
905:
1843:
1763:
1105:
3347:
1775:
535:) on 23–25 November 1905, 500 Armenian volunteers protected the Armenian population consisting of 100,000 from "Tatar robbers".
3249:
3241:
1677:
933:
49:
3221:
1519:
1460:
1419:
1266:
1039:
1000:
961:
267:
3708:
3059:
2834:
2352:
441:
122:
3770:
3765:
3760:
2342:
2285:
2202:
1173:
989:
Pourjavady, Reza (9 March 2023). "Introduction: Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in the 19th century".
2124:
1330:
1200:
Hratch Dasnabedian, History of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Dashnaktsutiun 1890/1924, Milano: Oemme, 1990, p81.
3785:
3780:
3775:
3325:
3167:
2119:
1308:
1285:
3157:
3018:
2862:
2779:
1856:
1810:
1493:
1438:
953:
542:, writing in 1951: "it is impossible to pin the blame for the massacres on either side. It seems that in some cases (
519:
156:
3074:
3810:
3509:
3474:
3438:
3433:
2646:
1715:
1385:
727:
3815:
3612:
3589:
3428:
3403:
3310:
3008:
2814:
2061:
2056:
298:
3664:
3423:
3367:
3342:
3095:
3054:
2685:
2373:
2212:
1975:
1691:
1571:
992:
Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 20. Iran, Afghanistan and the Caucasus (1800-1914)
683:
On 25 May, acting on a previously arranged plan, bands of armed Tatars attacked the market area in the town of
672:
3805:
3682:
3617:
3559:
3524:
3519:
3332:
3135:
2452:
2422:
2258:
3362:
3259:
3226:
3211:
3174:
3150:
2696:
2613:
2380:
2305:
1871:
1836:
1625:
1659:
3875:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3206:
3079:
2882:
2877:
2680:
2675:
2579:
2462:
2437:
2337:
2156:
2026:
1898:
1708:
576:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3599:
3479:
3398:
3315:
3300:
3114:
3064:
2807:
2150:
1671:
649:, gives the number killed in Baku in February, 1905, as more than 1,000, most of whom were Armenians.
449:
3637:
3393:
3320:
3162:
2665:
2362:
2237:
2232:
2217:
2145:
2114:
1564:
1316:
1293:
572:
251:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3627:
3418:
3337:
3287:
2993:
2670:
2635:
2242:
3677:
3632:
3607:
3579:
3448:
3357:
3305:
3216:
3199:
3123:
2867:
2857:
2723:
2590:
2417:
2412:
2332:
2315:
2290:
2247:
1923:
1903:
1888:
1829:
1649:
1587:
571:, were not liked by the Muslim population or the Georgians for being non-Orthodox (they formed a
355:
227:
1483:
3622:
3564:
3534:
3352:
3278:
3231:
2718:
2480:
2407:
2320:
1209:
Filip Makharadze, Ocherki revolutsionnogo dvizheniia v Zakavkaz'e (Tiflis, 1927), pp. 300, 307
877:
3701:
3584:
3549:
3462:
3443:
3381:
3295:
3254:
3189:
3145:
3023:
2842:
2511:
2310:
2295:
2091:
1637:
1511:
1470:
1096:
849:
652:
626:
338:
990:
771:
E. Aknouni, Political Persecutions: Armenian Prisoners of the Caucasus (New York, 1911) p.30
3647:
3554:
3529:
3514:
3489:
3408:
2608:
2472:
2357:
2327:
2300:
2227:
2180:
241:
8:
3724:
3654:
3574:
3544:
3539:
3494:
3194:
3184:
3179:
2657:
2558:
2447:
2442:
2273:
1654:
316:
1475:
Russian Azerbaijan (1905-1920): the shaping of a national identity in a Muslim community
860:
3672:
3504:
3013:
2897:
2892:
2872:
2772:
2573:
2494:
2457:
2395:
2207:
2197:
1968:
1864:
1731:
1601:
1091:
756:
568:
401:
372:
321:
80:
1140:"RACE WAR IN CAUCASUS.; Armenians and Mussulmans Kill Each Other -- Village Destroyed"
3729:
3413:
2907:
2902:
2628:
2618:
2598:
2541:
2521:
2506:
2432:
2347:
2140:
2021:
1990:
1963:
1619:
1515:
1489:
1456:
1434:
1415:
1262:
1045:
1035:
996:
957:
949:
807:
746:
BUTCHERY IN THE CAUCASUS.; A State of Civil War -- 30,000 Combatants of Various Races
707:
646:
547:
406:
930:
3498:
3100:
2948:
2917:
2788:
2690:
2640:
2603:
2568:
2563:
2551:
2546:
2526:
2086:
2031:
1995:
1781:
1545:
1503:
1343:
539:
1431:
Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus
3569:
3484:
2922:
2912:
2728:
2098:
1985:
1958:
1893:
1643:
1395:
1312:
1289:
937:
884:
856:
836:
801:
752:
684:
488:
2887:
2713:
2536:
2081:
1631:
1613:
1448:
1252:
1094:["Who are we killing? The Armenians" - A French witness in Baku 1905].
695:
604:
596:
515:
469:
175:
126:
98:
1549:
1049:
897:
811:
3744:
3069:
2988:
2943:
2530:
2427:
2076:
2071:
2016:
1980:
1769:
706:
Prior to the Armenian–Tatar massacres, Ganja, known to Armenians as Gandzak (
634:
1305:
1282:
829:
3642:
2998:
2983:
2973:
2738:
2733:
2516:
2252:
2192:
2066:
2051:
1029:
580:
465:
437:
1556:
1347:
195:
3140:
2958:
2753:
1913:
1087:
564:
3044:
3003:
2978:
2963:
2953:
2830:
2222:
2046:
1757:
1331:"The death of the last 'Abbasid Caliph': a contemporary Muslim account"
614:
2799:
2968:
2623:
2041:
2036:
1700:
715:
505:
433:
2011:
1933:
1821:
1101:
639:
445:
898:"Azerbaijan | History, People, & Facts | Britannica"
2927:
2743:
2171:
1938:
1918:
1852:
677:
667:
The corpses of Armenians killed in the May massacre in Nakhchivan
532:
497:
493:
473:
94:
1666:
People visiting Nagorno Karabakh banned from entering Azerbaijan
1375:
Soviet Census in 1926-1979, Newspaper Pravda Press, Moscow, 1983
1948:
1943:
1928:
691:
555:
551:
500:
461:
694:
was different than in Nakhchivan. According to the journalist
2748:
1953:
663:
472:. Some violence, although of lesser scale, broke out also in
1908:
1068:
1056:
608:
543:
453:
452:. The most violent clashes occurred in 1905 in February in
1453:
Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War
1281:"the union of Georgian and Armenian armies near Gandzak",
1258:
Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War
1233:
550:) the Azerbaijanis fired the first shots, in other cases (
1184:
1182:
806:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 264.
88:
1179:
865:
Identity politics in Central Asia and the Muslim world
1389:
article, Brockauz and Efron Encyclopedia (in Russian)
1120:
967:
1261:. New York: New York University Press. p. 190.
1221:
432:) was the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between
1650:
Deportation of Armenians from Azerbaijan of 1988–94
1660:Ban of entry for citizens of Armenia in Azerbaijan
1329:
671:After the Baku clashes, Muslim communities in the
3856:History of the Caucasus under the Russian Empire
3742:
1283:Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика
188:128 Armenian and 158 Tatar villages destroyed
2815:
1837:
1716:
1572:
1469:
1327:
211:
1170:Armenia and Karabagh: The Struggle for Unity
1027:
658:
1586:
927:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
799:
225:
2822:
2808:
1844:
1830:
1723:
1709:
1579:
1565:
1508:The Struggle for Transcaucasia (1917–1921)
1502:
1074:
1062:
988:
218:
204:
984:
982:
830:https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004526907_002
803:Armenia on the road to independence, 1918
1764:Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia
1092:"Qui massacre-t-on ? Les Arméniens"
676:anti-Armenian" and the vice-governor in
662:
613:
595:
509:shows bitter consequences for both sides
487:
2829:
1535:
1481:
1447:
1428:
1251:
1239:
1188:
1126:
973:
823:
821:
767:
765:
600:A Tatar victim of the massacres in Baku
14:
3756:20th-century mass murder in Azerbaijan
3743:
1730:
1678:2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling
1644:Destruction of Armenian part of Shusha
1218:Saint-Peterburg Vedomosti, 25 May 1905
1108:from the original on 12 September 2021
979:
468:, heavily damaging the cities and the
2803:
1825:
1704:
1560:
1409:
1227:
908:from the original on 18 November 2008
436:and Caucasian Tatars (later known as
199:
3050:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
1851:
1752:Massacres of Azerbaijanis in Armenia
1304:"Mkhitar Gosh was born in Gandzak",
1086:
1028:Hovhannisian, Sen (1 January 2019).
818:
795:
793:
791:
781:
779:
777:
762:
28:
3751:20th-century mass murder in Armenia
1354:from the original on 3 January 2022
621:coverage of the massacres, May 1905
24:
18:Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–07
3871:1907 murders in the Russian Empire
3866:1906 murders in the Russian Empire
3861:1905 murders in the Russian Empire
2368:President of the National Assembly
1788:Iran cockroach cartoon controversy
1529:
1203:
878:Hot spot: North America and Europe
625:Sources such as British historian
25:
3887:
1811:List of massacres of Azerbaijanis
1150:from the original on 26 July 2022
1034:. Yerevan: Nahapet. p. 252.
1009:from the original on 8 March 2023
788:
774:
631:Armenia: The Survival of a Nation
3113:
2170:
586:
168:
87:
33:
1403:
1378:
1369:
1321:
1298:
1275:
1245:
1212:
1194:
1162:
1132:
1080:
1021:
942:
800:Hovannisian, Richard G (1967).
190:3100 to at least 10 000 killed
3096:History of the name Azerbaijan
3055:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1794:Fitilieh programme controversy
1692:List of massacres of Armenians
1485:Fire and Sword in the Caucasus
920:
890:
870:
842:
739:
44:may be very hard to understand
13:
1:
3019:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
1477:. Cambridge University Press.
859:. Willem van Schendel (ed.),
850:Nation-building in Azerbaijan
733:
3851:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
1626:Place name changes in Turkey
1433:. London: Routledge Curzon.
728:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
7:
3080:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
3009:Russo-Persian War (1804–13)
2681:Armenian Brotherhood Church
2676:Armenian Evangelical Church
2027:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
721:
701:
563:According to French writer
483:
10:
3892:
3771:1907 in the Russian Empire
3766:1906 in the Russian Empire
3761:1905 in the Russian Empire
3065:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
2151:Armenian national movement
1672:Armenian cemetery in Julfa
1336:Journal of Semitic Studies
591:
450:Russian Revolution of 1905
3786:1907 in Georgia (country)
3781:1906 in Georgia (country)
3776:1905 in Georgia (country)
3695:
3663:
3598:
3470:
3461:
3389:
3380:
3286:
3277:
3240:
3131:
3122:
3111:
3088:
3032:
2936:
2850:
2841:
2766:
2706:
2666:Armenian Apostolic Church
2656:
2589:
2502:
2493:
2471:
2403:
2394:
2343:National Security Service
2281:
2272:
2188:
2179:
2168:
2146:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2133:
2115:First Republic of Armenia
2107:
2062:1508–1828 Iranian Armenia
2004:
1881:
1863:
1803:
1738:
1686:
1594:
1550:10.1163/1573384X-02704017
1317:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1294:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
995:. Brill. pp. 21–22.
883:23 September 2023 at the
855:23 September 2023 at the
835:23 September 2023 at the
785:Ananun, op. cit., 9. 180
711:
659:In Nakhichevan and Shusha
237:
186:
181:
145:
105:
97:military patrol near the
86:
78:
73:
3250:Administrative divisions
3040:Armenian–Tatar massacres
2994:Khanates of the Caucasus
2671:Armenian Catholic Church
2286:Administrative divisions
1746:Armenian–Tatar massacres
1608:Armenian–Tatar massacres
1288:27 February 2021 at the
936:21 February 2020 at the
876:Joseph Russell Rudolph.
422:Armenian–Tatar massacres
307:Armenian–Tatar massacres
74:Armenian–Tatar massacres
3811:Massacres in Azerbaijan
2883:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
2878:Khojaly–Gadabay culture
2248:Shikahogh State Reserve
1899:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
1776:Violence in Stepanakert
1588:Anti-Armenian sentiment
1488:. London: T. F. Unwin.
1482:Villari, Luigi (1906).
1311:19 January 2022 at the
751:30 October 2020 at the
645:Georgian revolutionary
229:1905 Russian Revolution
3816:Massacres of Armenians
3075:Independent Azerbaijan
2719:Armenian eternity sign
2481:South Caucasus Railway
1471:Swietochowski, Tadeusz
1410:Əhməd, Dilqəm (2018).
1328:John A. Boyle (1961).
668:
622:
601:
510:
164:Caucasian Tatar groups
3024:Treaty of Turkmenchay
2092:Treaty of Turkmenchay
1638:Khaibalikend massacre
1538:Iran and the Caucasus
1512:Philosophical Library
1394:17 March 2008 at the
1174:Minority Rights Group
1168:Walker, Christopher,
1097:Le Monde diplomatique
904:. 21 September 2023.
680:as an "Armenophobe".
666:
653:Charles van der Leeuw
627:Christopher J. Walker
617:
599:
491:
182:Casualties and losses
3806:Massacres in Armenia
3265:World Heritage Sites
2413:AMX (stock exchange)
1429:Cornell, S. (2005).
1414:. Baku: TEAS Press.
1100:(in French). Paris:
633:, Italian historian
2868:Kura–Araxes culture
2863:Bronze and Iron age
2423:Central Depository
2125:Independent Armenia
1904:Kura–Araxes culture
1655:1990 Dushanbe riots
1348:10.1093/jss/6.2.145
1242:, pp. 270–274.
1090:(1 February 1990).
464:and in November in
448:started during the
430:Armenian–Muslim war
426:Armenian–Tartar war
424:(also known as the
3876:Ethnic persecution
3846:1907 in Azerbaijan
3841:1906 in Azerbaijan
3836:1905 in Azerbaijan
3439:Telecommunications
3434:Petroleum industry
3014:Treaty of Gulistan
2898:Leyla-Tepe culture
2893:Jar-Burial Culture
2873:Nakhchivan culture
2453:Telecommunications
2374:more on government
2198:Armenian highlands
1976:Kingdom of Armenia
1969:Satrapy of Armenia
1732:Anti-Azerbaijanism
1602:Hamidian massacres
1144:The New York Times
902:www.britannica.com
757:The New York Times
669:
623:
602:
511:
444:in 1905–1907. The
81:Revolution of 1905
3801:Massacres in 1907
3796:Massacres in 1906
3791:Massacres in 1905
3738:
3737:
3691:
3690:
3613:Ethnic minorities
3555:Novruz (New Year)
3525:National identity
3457:
3456:
3429:Natural resources
3376:
3375:
3348:Political parties
3343:National Assembly
3326:Children's rights
3311:Foreign relations
3273:
3272:
3109:
3108:
3060:Soviet Azerbaijan
2908:Caucasian Albania
2903:Achaemenid Empire
2797:
2796:
2762:
2761:
2614:Ethnic minorities
2489:
2488:
2390:
2389:
2353:Political parties
2338:National Assembly
2306:Foreign relations
2268:
2267:
2166:
2165:
2141:Armenian genocide
2022:Bagratuni Armenia
1991:Byzantine Armenia
1964:Achaemenid Empire
1949:Kingdom of Urartu
1819:
1818:
1698:
1697:
1620:Armenian genocide
1521:978-0-95-600040-8
1510:. New York City:
1504:Kazemzadeh, Firuz
1462:978-0-8147-1945-9
1421:978-9952-310-47-4
1412:Bir ildən yüz ilə
1268:978-0-8147-1945-9
1065:, pp. 18–19.
1041:978-9939-856-52-0
1002:978-90-04-47168-9
962:978-1-86064-261-6
714:]) had a sizable
690:The situation in
440:) throughout the
415:
414:
194:
193:
141:
140:
67:
66:
16:(Redirected from
3883:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3468:
3467:
3424:Mineral industry
3414:Manat (currency)
3387:
3386:
3284:
3283:
3129:
3128:
3117:
3101:The Land of Fire
2949:Sallarid dynasty
2918:Arran (Caucasus)
2848:
2847:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2782:
2775:
2500:
2499:
2463:Waste management
2401:
2400:
2279:
2278:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2087:Karabakh Khanate
1996:Sasanian Armenia
1879:
1878:
1875:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1782:Khojaly massacre
1725:
1718:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1544:(4–5): 513–526.
1525:
1499:
1478:
1466:
1444:
1425:
1398:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1302:
1296:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1084:
1078:
1077:, p. 18-19.
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1031:Atlas of Armenia
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
986:
977:
971:
965:
946:
940:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
894:
888:
874:
868:
861:Erik Jan Zürcher
848:Suha Bolukbasi.
846:
840:
825:
816:
815:
797:
786:
783:
772:
769:
760:
743:
713:
647:Filip Makharadze
540:Firuz Kazemzadeh
442:Russian Caucasus
398:
386:
369:
352:
335:
295:
283:
271:
232:
230:
220:
213:
206:
197:
196:
174:
172:
171:
152:Armenian groups
107:
106:
91:
71:
70:
62:
59:
53:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3831:1907 in Armenia
3826:1906 in Armenia
3821:1905 in Armenia
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3687:
3683:National emblem
3678:National anthem
3659:
3618:Gender equality
3594:
3560:Public holidays
3453:
3372:
3333:Law enforcement
3269:
3236:
3222:Protected areas
3136:Bodies of water
3118:
3105:
3084:
3028:
2932:
2923:Sasanian Empire
2913:Parthian Empire
2837:
2828:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2758:
2739:National anthem
2702:
2652:
2585:
2485:
2467:
2428:Dram (currency)
2386:
2264:
2175:
2162:
2129:
2103:
2099:Russian Armenia
2057:Ottoman Armenia
2000:
1986:Parthian Empire
1959:Orontid dynasty
1869:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1820:
1815:
1799:
1734:
1729:
1699:
1694:
1682:
1590:
1585:
1532:
1530:Further reading
1522:
1496:
1463:
1449:De Waal, Thomas
1441:
1422:
1406:
1401:
1396:Wayback Machine
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1364:Gandzak (Ganja)
1357:
1355:
1326:
1322:
1313:Wayback Machine
1303:
1299:
1290:Wayback Machine
1280:
1276:
1269:
1253:de Waal, Thomas
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1180:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1146:. 28 May 1905.
1138:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1085:
1081:
1075:Kazemzadeh 1951
1073:
1069:
1063:Kazemzadeh 1951
1061:
1057:
1042:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1003:
987:
980:
972:
968:
947:
943:
938:Wayback Machine
925:
921:
911:
909:
896:
895:
891:
885:Wayback Machine
875:
871:
857:Wayback Machine
847:
843:
837:Wayback Machine
826:
819:
798:
789:
784:
775:
770:
763:
753:Wayback Machine
744:
740:
736:
724:
704:
661:
629:(the author of
594:
589:
573:separate Church
527:global level.
492:A cartoon from
486:
460:, in August in
418:
417:
416:
411:
392:
380:
363:
346:
329:
289:
277:
261:
233:
228:
226:
224:
169:
167:
137:Russian victory
129:
92:
63:
57:
54:
47:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3889:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3363:Prime Minister
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3227:State reserves
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:National parks
3209:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Extreme points
3172:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3151:Climate change
3143:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Mughan culture
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2714:Armenian Cross
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:Pension reform
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2363:Prime Minister
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:Municipalities
2230:
2225:
2220:
2218:Extreme points
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2120:Soviet Armenia
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:Erivan Khanate
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1954:Median kingdom
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1876:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1632:September Days
1629:
1623:
1617:
1614:Adana massacre
1611:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1500:
1494:
1479:
1467:
1461:
1445:
1439:
1426:
1420:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1377:
1368:
1342:(2): 145–161.
1320:
1297:
1274:
1267:
1244:
1232:
1230:, p. 103.
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1191:, p. 270.
1178:
1161:
1131:
1119:
1104:. p. 11.
1079:
1067:
1055:
1040:
1020:
1001:
978:
966:
941:
919:
889:
869:
841:
817:
787:
773:
761:
737:
735:
732:
731:
730:
723:
720:
703:
700:
696:Thomas de Waal
660:
657:
619:New York Times
605:Svante Cornell
593:
590:
588:
585:
516:Svante Cornell
485:
482:
470:Baku oilfields
413:
412:
410:
409:
404:
399:
387:
375:
370:
358:
353:
341:
336:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
296:
284:
272:
256:
255:
254:
244:
238:
235:
234:
223:
222:
215:
208:
200:
192:
191:
184:
183:
179:
178:
176:Russian Empire
165:
162:
161:
160:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
121:
119:
115:
114:
111:
103:
102:
99:Baku oilfields
84:
83:
76:
75:
69:
68:
65:
64:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3888:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:Black January
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Afsharid Iran
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Sajid dynasty
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
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2072:Afsharid Iran
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2018:
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1981:Roman Armenia
1979:
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1771:
1770:Gugark pogrom
1768:
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1495:0-7007-1624-6
1491:
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1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:. NYU Press.
1454:
1450:
1446:
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1440:9780700711628
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1129:, p. 55.
1128:
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993:
985:
983:
976:, p. 56.
975:
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954:1-86064-261-6
951:
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643:
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636:
635:Luigi Villari
632:
628:
620:
616:
612:
610:
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598:
587:The Massacres
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:trading class
566:
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541:
538:According to
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390:2nd Kronstadt
388:
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371:
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362:
359:
357:
354:
350:
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344:Tikhoretskaya
342:
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339:1st Kronstadt
337:
333:
328:
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323:
320:
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287:Verkhneudinsk
285:
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257:
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249:
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242:Bloody Sunday
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82:
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61:
51:
45:
42:This article
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3716:Bibliography
3600:Demographics
3480:Architecture
3399:Central Bank
3316:Human rights
3301:Constitution
3242:Subdivisions
3039:
2999:Zand dynasty
2984:Safavid Iran
2974:Kara Koyunlu
2959:Shirvanshahs
2734:Mount Ararat
2724:Coat of arms
2695:
2645:
2591:Demographics
2578:
2512:Architecture
2418:Central Bank
2379:
2372:
2316:Human rights
2291:Constitution
2257:
2253:Shirak Plain
2193:Ararat Plain
2155:
2067:Safavid Iran
2052:Kara Koyunlu
1745:
1668:(since 2005)
1628:(since 1913)
1607:
1541:
1537:
1507:
1484:
1474:
1452:
1430:
1411:
1404:Bibliography
1386:
1380:
1371:
1363:
1356:. Retrieved
1339:
1335:
1323:
1300:
1277:
1256:
1247:
1240:Villari 1906
1235:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1189:Villari 1906
1169:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
1127:Cornell 2005
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1095:
1088:Anet, Claude
1082:
1070:
1058:
1030:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
991:
974:Cornell 2005
969:
944:
922:
910:. Retrieved
901:
892:
872:
864:
844:
802:
755:
741:
718:population.
705:
689:
682:
670:
651:
644:
630:
624:
618:
603:
562:
559:
537:
529:
525:
518:states that
512:
504:
478:
466:Elizabethpol
456:, in May in
438:Azerbaijanis
429:
425:
421:
419:
306:
299:
187:
151:
146:Belligerents
55:
48:Please help
43:
26:
3638:LGBT rights
3580:Tea culture
3394:Agriculture
3163:Environment
3158:Earthquakes
3141:Caspian Sea
2937:Middle Ages
2754:Pomegranate
2408:Agriculture
2381:on politics
2321:LGBT rights
2213:Earthquakes
1914:Hayasa-Azzi
1766:(1948–1992)
1754:(1917–1921)
1748:(1905–1907)
1622:(1914–1923)
1610:(1905–1907)
1387:Elizavetpol
1112:28 February
581:Etchmiadzin
579:resided in
565:Claude Anet
548:Elizavetpol
503:periodical
393: [
381: [
378:Motovilikha
364: [
347: [
330: [
327:Vladivostok
290: [
278: [
262: [
101:, ca. 1905.
3745:Categories
3628:Healthcare
3535:Literature
3419:Metallurgy
3288:Government
3045:March Days
3004:Qajar Iran
2979:Aq Qoyunlu
2964:Eldiguzids
2954:Shaddadids
2831:Azerbaijan
2559:Literature
2311:Government
2296:Corruption
2223:Lake Sevan
2077:Qajar Iran
2047:Aq Qoyunlu
1758:March Days
1306:Мхитар Гош
1228:Əhməd 2018
1172:, London,
1050:1124982334
812:1028172352
734:References
685:Nakhchivan
673:Nakhchivan
577:Catholicos
458:Nakhchivan
317:Sevastopol
58:April 2019
50:clarify it
3633:Languages
3608:Education
3550:Mythology
3475:Animation
3449:Transport
3404:Companies
3368:Migration
3358:President
3306:Elections
3217:Orography
3200:Mountains
3124:Geography
2969:Ilkhanate
2858:Stone Age
2609:Education
2473:Transport
2358:President
2328:Judiciary
2301:Elections
2228:Mountains
2181:Geography
2042:Chobanids
2037:Ilkhanate
2032:Sallarids
1358:3 January
912:3 January
506:Khatabala
501:satirical
446:massacres
434:Armenians
373:Shuliavka
113:1905–1907
3725:Category
3565:Religion
3530:Language
3520:Holidays
3515:Folklore
3353:Politics
3338:Military
3279:Politics
3232:Wildlife
3089:By topic
2835:articles
2789:Category
2658:Religion
2629:diaspora
2542:Language
2507:Alphabet
2448:Taxation
2333:Military
2274:Politics
2134:By topic
2012:Arminiya
1934:Urumeans
1872:timeline
1857:articles
1804:See also
1687:See also
1506:(1951).
1473:(1985).
1451:(2004).
1392:Archived
1352:Archived
1309:Archived
1286:Archived
1255:(2003).
1148:Archived
1106:Archived
1102:Le Monde
1013:19 March
1007:Archived
934:Archived
906:Archived
881:Archived
853:Archived
833:Archived
749:Archived
722:See also
716:Armenian
708:Armenian
702:In Ganja
640:Karabakh
611:events.
498:Armenian
484:Analysis
402:Sveaborg
361:Gorlovka
312:Peasants
300:Potemkin
123:Caucasus
118:Location
79:Part of
3702:Outline
3665:Symbols
3590:Wedding
3585:Theatre
3495:Cuisine
3463:Culture
3444:Tourism
3382:Economy
3296:Cabinet
3255:Borders
3190:Geology
3146:Climate
2928:Shirvan
2843:History
2773:Outline
2744:Apricot
2707:Symbols
2697:more...
2686:Judaism
2647:more...
2580:more...
2574:Theatre
2552:Western
2547:Eastern
2527:Cuisine
2495:Culture
2458:Tourism
2396:Economy
2259:more...
2208:Climate
2157:more...
1939:Diauehi
1919:Mitanni
1889:Origins
1865:History
1853:Armenia
1176:, 1991.
1154:26 July
964:, p. 43
863:(ed.).
678:Yerevan
592:In Baku
533:Tbilisi
496:-based
494:Tbilisi
159:members
95:Cossack
3730:Portal
3643:People
3623:Health
3505:Dances
3490:Cinema
3409:Energy
3260:Cities
3168:issues
3033:Modern
2833:
2624:People
2619:Health
2599:Census
2522:Cinema
2438:Mining
2433:Energy
2348:Police
2238:Rivers
2203:Cities
2108:Modern
2017:Sajids
2005:Middle
1944:Etiuni
1929:Mushki
1867:
1855:
1796:(2015)
1790:(2006)
1784:(1992)
1778:(1988)
1772:(1988)
1760:(1918)
1739:Events
1674:(2006)
1662:(1991)
1646:(1920)
1640:(1919)
1634:(1918)
1616:(1909)
1604:(1894)
1595:Events
1518:
1492:
1459:
1437:
1418:
1265:
1048:
1038:
999:
960:
952:
810:
712:Գանձակ
692:Shusha
575:whose
556:Tiflis
552:Shusha
474:Tiflis
462:Shusha
428:, the
356:Moscow
302:mutiny
259:Latvia
247:Poland
173:
134:Result
127:Russia
3709:Index
3655:Women
3575:Sport
3545:Music
3540:Media
3510:Dress
3207:Lakes
3195:Caves
3185:Flora
3180:Fauna
2851:Early
2780:Index
2749:Grape
2691:Islam
2641:Women
2604:Crime
2569:Sport
2564:Music
2537:Dance
2243:Lakes
1924:Nairi
1882:Early
931:Turks
839:p. 21
397:]
385:]
368:]
351:]
334:]
294:]
282:]
270:]
3673:Flag
3648:list
3499:wine
3321:LGBT
2729:Flag
2531:wine
1909:Hayk
1894:Name
1516:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1360:2022
1263:ISBN
1156:2022
1114:2023
1046:OCLC
1036:ISBN
1015:2023
997:ISBN
958:ISBN
950:ISBN
914:2022
808:OCLC
609:Baku
544:Baku
454:Baku
420:The
407:Coup
322:Kiev
275:Riga
252:Łódź
110:Date
3570:Rug
3485:Art
2517:Art
1546:doi
1344:doi
520:ARF
157:ARF
3747::
1542:27
1540:.
1514:.
1362:.
1350:.
1338:.
1334:.
1315:,
1292:,
1181:^
1142:.
1044:.
1005:.
981:^
956:,
929:.
900:.
820:^
790:^
776:^
764:^
710::
554:,
546:,
476:.
395:ru
383:ru
366:ru
349:ru
332:ru
292:ru
280:ru
268:lv
266:;
264:ru
125:,
93:A
3501:)
3497:(
2823:e
2816:t
2809:v
2533:)
2529:(
1874:)
1870:(
1845:e
1838:t
1831:v
1724:e
1717:t
1710:v
1580:e
1573:t
1566:v
1552:.
1548::
1524:.
1498:.
1465:.
1443:.
1424:.
1346::
1340:6
1271:.
1158:.
1116:.
1052:.
1017:.
916:.
814:.
219:e
212:t
205:v
60:)
56:(
52:.
46:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
