49:
237:. Influenced by leftist movements, a large group of far-right youths, including Fioravanti and his close associates, moved from street-fighting to terrorism. Unlike their left-wing counterparts, they emphasised personal qualities like spontaneity and willingness to fight, even in a lost cause, over political objectives. Fioravanti has said, "About defeat we never cared, we are a generation of losers, always on the side of the defeated."
220:, a Rome-based criminal organization, which provided such logistical support as lodging, false papers, weapons, and bombs to the NAR. In November 1981, it was discovered that the NAR hid weapons in the basements of the Health Ministry. The first trial against them sentenced 53 people in May 1985 on charges of terrorist activities.
228:
The late seventies were a time of political violence in the form of bombings, assassinations, and street warfare between rival militant factions. Young neo-fascists saw the state-sanctioned far-right political party
658:
903:
726:
757:
502:
257:
348:
340:
453:
320:
284:
483:
437:
789:
464:
344:
332:
288:
280:
618:
328:
308:
304:
261:
908:
731:
359:
336:
296:
352:
312:
913:
324:
17:
543:
405:
On 25 November 1981, Italian authorities discovered a weapons cache in the basements of the Health
Ministry. According to the
883:
862:
829:
572:
474:(who was later sentenced to a 30-year prison term in 2007 for his role in the 1980 Bologna bombings) assassinated magistrate
799:
767:
202:
from 1977 to
November 1981. It committed over 100 murders in four years, and had planned to assassinate the politicians
875:
Terrorism in the 20th
Century: A Narrative Encyclopedia From the Anarchists, through the Weathermen, to the Unabomber
703:
424:
was the only one who could freely access the weapons cache. Massimo
Carminati not only held close links with the
727:
NAR: “spostati” o figli (il)legittimi del
Movimento Sociale Italiano? Una replica da lontano al Fatto Quotidiano
918:
479:
233:
as betraying them, through inaction in the face of attacks by political opponents and the police such as the
114:
687:
292:
923:
647:
273:
230:
592:
234:
873:
514:
458:
199:
163:
848:
520:
494:
488:
407:
269:
216:
145:
31:
8:
623:
526:
469:
386:
709:
390:
253:
135:
130:
62:
758:"Strage di Bologna, 30 anni a Ciavardini - Cassazione conferma la condanna all'ex Nar"
48:
879:
858:
825:
699:
568:
532:
421:
417:
300:
203:
691:
538:
394:
382:
265:
681:
433:
364:
207:
168:
441:
123:
897:
794:
762:
498:
713:
475:
249:
211:
119:
501:). The two NAR members were also responsible for the earlier slaying of
195:
790:"Arrestato l'estremista nero Ciavardini per una rapina a mano armata"
659:
School of
Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton
695:
854:
389:
and intended to cast blame on militant leftist groups. NAR members
153:
412:
149:
683:
Threats to
Democracy: The Radical Right in Italy After the War
478:. Amato had been made responsible for investigations into the
429:
107:
648:"A destra del MSI: evoluzione armata della destra radicale"
246:
400:
904:
Defunct organisations designated as terrorist in Italy
895:
30:For the Greek far-left paramilitary group, see
383:1980 bombing of the Bologna main train station
198:armed militant organization active during the
619:"Fioravanti e lo spontaneismo armato dei NAR"
214:. The group maintained close links with the
850:Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition
847:Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin W. (2009).
846:
586:
584:
385:, which killed 85 people, was part of the
819:
679:
593:"NAR: lo spontaneismo armato neofascista"
368:, which was used as a front for the NAR.
645:
590:
376:
27:Italian neofascist militant organization
581:
562:
544:Armed, far-right organizations in Italy
14:
896:
493:on 10 July 1976 (Occorsio was shot by
909:Factions of the Years of Lead (Italy)
432:secret agents, in particular General
272:, who were previous militants of the
871:
497:, leader of the armed groups of the
401:Weapons cache in the Health Ministry
24:
914:Neo-fascist organisations in Italy
839:
279:Other important members included:
25:
935:
591:Zanarini, Manuel (10 June 2008).
482:after the assassination of judge
447:
800:Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso Spa
768:Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso Spa
245:The NAR were directed by former
47:
397:were convicted of the bombing.
782:
750:
741:
720:
673:
639:
611:
556:
97:Revenge on leftists and police
13:
1:
820:Tassinari, Ugo Maria (2008).
549:
452:On 23 June 1980, NAR members
7:
627:(in Italian). 3 August 2009
508:
223:
180:Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari
42:Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari
10:
940:
688:Princeton University Press
680:Ferraresi, Franco (1996).
371:
240:
186:Armed Revolutionary Nuclei
29:
18:Armed Revolutionary Nuclei
878:. M. Evans. p. 374.
872:Nash, Jay Robert (1998).
824:. Sperling & Kupfer.
646:Minnucci, Marzia (2014).
183:
159:
141:
129:
113:
103:
93:
68:
58:
46:
41:
563:Colombo, Andrea (2007).
747:Tassinari, 2008, p. 626
274:Italian Social Movement
131:Political position
480:radical right in Italy
235:Acca Larentia killings
919:Neo-fascist terrorism
503:Francesco Evangelista
377:1980 Bologna massacre
362:became the leader of
99:Neofascist revolution
735:, December 08, 2014
521:Banda della Magliana
495:Pierluigi Concutelli
426:Banda della Magliana
408:Banda della Magliana
358:In 1980, NAR member
270:Alessandro Alibrandi
258:Cristiano Fioravanti
217:Banda della Magliana
146:Right-wing terrorism
32:Revolutionary Nuclei
855:Infobase Publishing
624:Corriere della Sera
527:Strategy of tension
387:strategy of tension
349:Fiorenzo Trincanato
341:Marco Mario Massimi
104:Active regions
454:Gilberto Cavallini
440:, a member of the
391:Valerio Fioravanti
321:Stefano Tiraboschi
315:a.k.a. "Marione" (
285:Gilberto Cavallini
254:Valerio Fioravanti
70:Dates of operation
63:Valerio Fioravanti
885:978-1-4617-4769-7
864:978-1-4381-1019-6
831:978-88-200-4449-7
802:. 10 October 2006
574:978-88-6052-091-3
533:Carmine Pecorelli
531:Assassination of
484:Vittorio Occorsio
438:Giuseppe Belmonte
422:Massimo Carminati
418:Maurizio Abbatino
301:Massimo Carminati
204:Francesco Cossiga
194:, was an Italian
176:
175:
16:(Redirected from
931:
889:
868:
835:
812:
811:
809:
807:
786:
780:
779:
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775:
754:
748:
745:
739:
738:
724:
718:
717:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
652:
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
615:
609:
608:
606:
604:
597:Arianna Editrice
588:
579:
578:
560:
539:Bologna massacre
505:on 28 May 1980.
492:
473:
465:Luigi Ciavardini
462:
428:, but also with
395:Francesca Mambro
345:Pasquale Belsito
333:Patrizio Trochei
289:Stefano Soderini
281:Luigi Ciavardini
266:Francesca Mambro
189:
160:Battles and wars
89:
87:
81:
79:
71:
51:
39:
38:
21:
939:
938:
934:
933:
932:
930:
929:
928:
894:
893:
892:
886:
865:
842:
840:Further reading
832:
816:
815:
805:
803:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
770:. 11 April 2007
756:
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751:
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736:
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696:10.2307/2585728
690:. p. 192.
678:
674:
664:
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650:
644:
640:
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628:
617:
616:
612:
602:
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589:
582:
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561:
557:
552:
511:
486:
467:
456:
450:
444:Masonic lodge.
434:Pietro Musumeci
403:
379:
374:
365:Terza Posizione
243:
226:
208:Gianfranco Fini
190:), abbreviated
169:Bologna bombing
122:
98:
85:
83:
77:
75:
69:
54:
53:Flag of the NAR
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
937:
927:
926:
924:Third Position
921:
916:
911:
906:
891:
890:
884:
869:
863:
857:. p. 21.
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
830:
814:
813:
798:(in Italian).
781:
766:(in Italian).
749:
740:
719:
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638:
610:
580:
573:
554:
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551:
548:
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546:
541:
535:
529:
524:
517:
515:Anni di piombo
510:
507:
449:
448:Assassinations
446:
442:Propaganda Due
402:
399:
378:
375:
373:
370:
329:Paolo Pizzonia
309:Stefano Bracci
305:Claudio Bracci
293:Franco Anselmi
262:Dario Pedretti
256:, his brother
242:
239:
225:
222:
174:
173:
172:
171:
161:
157:
156:
143:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
124:Third Position
117:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
72:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
936:
925:
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920:
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833:
827:
823:
818:
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797:
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795:La Repubblica
791:
785:
769:
765:
764:
763:La Repubblica
759:
753:
744:
734:
733:
728:
723:
715:
711:
707:
705:9781400815845
701:
697:
693:
689:
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660:
656:
649:
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614:
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566:
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534:
530:
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525:
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522:
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490:
485:
481:
477:
471:
466:
460:
455:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:, NAR member
419:
415:
414:
410:
409:
398:
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388:
384:
369:
367:
366:
361:
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251:
248:
238:
236:
232:
221:
219:
218:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Years of Lead
197:
193:
187:
181:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:Years of Lead
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
142:Major actions
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
96:
92:
73:
67:
64:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
874:
849:
821:
804:. Retrieved
793:
784:
772:. Retrieved
761:
752:
743:
737:(in Italian)
732:Fascinazione
730:
722:
682:
675:
663:. Retrieved
654:
641:
629:. Retrieved
622:
613:
601:. Retrieved
599:(in Italian)
596:
564:
558:
519:
499:Ordine Nuovo
451:
436:and Colonel
425:
411:
406:
404:
380:
363:
360:Giorgio Vale
357:
337:Walter Sordi
316:
297:Giorgio Vale
278:
244:
227:
215:
191:
185:
179:
177:
36:
822:Fascisteria
655:LuissThesis
565:Storia Nera
487: [
476:Mario Amato
468: [
457: [
353:Andrea Vian
313:Mario Corsi
250:child actor
212:Adolfo Urso
196:neo-fascist
120:Neo-fascism
898:Categories
806:10 October
774:10 October
714:j.ctt7sspj
665:10 October
631:10 October
603:10 October
550:References
182:(English:
567:. Cairo.
317:Big Mario
136:Far-right
509:See also
325:Lino Lai
224:Ideology
154:bombings
115:Ideology
413:pentito
372:Actions
276:(MSI).
241:Members
94:Motives
84: (
76: (
882:
861:
828:
712:
702:
571:
150:murder
59:Leader
710:JSTOR
651:(PDF)
537:1980
491:]
472:]
461:]
430:SISMI
108:Italy
82:–1981
880:ISBN
859:ISBN
826:ISBN
808:2019
776:2019
700:ISBN
667:2019
633:2019
605:2019
569:ISBN
463:and
393:and
381:The
268:and
210:and
178:The
86:1981
78:1977
74:1977
692:doi
661:: 3
319:),
247:RAI
231:MSI
192:NAR
900::
853:.
792:.
760:.
729:,
708:.
698:.
686:.
657:.
653:.
621:.
595:.
583:^
489:it
470:it
459:it
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355:.
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152:,
148:,
888:.
867:.
834:.
810:.
778:.
716:.
694::
669:.
635:.
607:.
577:.
188:"
184:"
88:)
80:)
34:.
20:)
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