414:, resulted in the death of Zulma Jara Larrea, sister of Albino and Alfredo Jara Larrea. By 2021, ACA consisted of at least four members who were heavily armed and was led by the brothers Feliciano and Hugo Bernal Maíz. In that year, ACA was responsible for a series of at least eight kidnappings for ransom in Concepción Department. In three cases, the kidnappings ended with murder, such as in the case of Jorge Ríos Barreto, the son of a farm owner, who was shot by ACA militants after they had demanded $ 200,000 to return him alive to his family. In early August 2021, suspected ACA militants attacked a police station at
273:(EPP) by two brothers, Albino and Alfredo Jara Larrea, ACA began to decline almost immediately after its foundation as result of repeated raids and arrests by the Paraguayan security forces. After the death of most of its members and leaders in 2016, the group became defunct. It was refounded in 2017, however, by two sisters of the Jara Larrea brothers and a former member of the "Army of Marshal López" (EML), another insurgent group. In late 2021, this revived group again suffered a heavy defeat and was nearly destroyed.
287:
33:
299:(over $ 230,000) in June 2014 for a kidnapped businessman from Yby Yau, the group had enough funds to become independent. In September 2014, the Larrea brothers and their followers fully broke away from the EPP and formed the Armed Peasant Association; the group was initially believed to have around 13 members.
347:
settler
Abraham Fehr in order to hold them for ransom, but its demise continued. On 9 September, security forces captured the faction's alleged logistics chief, Daniel Rivarola Areco, and in November 2015 the Joint Task Force launched a devastating raid against ACA's headquarters at the border of the
342:
After Albino's death, his brother
Alfredo became the group's new leader. Under his command, ACA apparently began to work closely with the EPP, leading experts to consider the possibility that ACA, weakened by their many losses, might fully rejoin the EPP. In the end, however, ACA remained officially
392:
On 22 July 2017, two cousins of Albino and
Alfredo Jara Larrea, namely Rodrigo and J. Argüello Larrea, disappeared in the Concepción Department. As the police investigated the area where they had last been seen, they found traces of a militant camp, suggesting that the two had been abducted. Just a
380:
At this point, ACA had already mostly ceased to exist, but remnants of the group remained active and joined forces with the "Army of
Marshal López" (EML), another EPP splinter group. On 17 May 2016, the new ACA commander, Idilio Morínigo, was killed by government forces; this caused a dispute among
426:
In
November 2021, ACA reportedly suffered heavy losses in a clash, with four of its members being killed. Its leaders, Feliciano and Hugo Bernal Maíz, were reportedly among the dead. Security forces initially claimed credit and declared the group destroyed, but journalists later revealed that drug
401:
of
Alejandro Ramos, another Leftist rebel leader. Sometime before October 2017, the Armed Peasant Association was refounded by Feliciano Bernal Maíz, a Leftist militant who had been expelled by EML, and two sisters of Albino and Alfredo Jara Larrea, namely Zulma and Emiliana Jara Larrea. The first
388:
in the
Concepción Department, and took the family and its employees hostage, demanding 300 million guaraní for their release. Eventually, however, the ACA fighters became nervous about a possible attack by the Joint Task Force, freed the hostages and left without further violence. In March 2017,
330:
Soon after ACA's foundation, however, the group was targeted by the
Paraguayan security forces in course of several raids between 19 and 21 September, with around five ACA fighters killed. Having thus lost about a third of its strength, including the "key fighter" Marcos Ojeda, ACA was already
294:
The formation of ACA was the result of dissent among the EPP. One of the rebel group's columns which was led by the Jara Larrea brothers had long harbored resentment for the EPP central leadership, allegedly because the brothers had been berated for their indiscipline, including drunkenness,
389:
Paraguayan security forces arrested several men and women, including relatives of the deceased Jara Larrea brothers, who were suspected to be connected to the ACA or EPP. In late May, government forces arrested a man who was believed to be one of the hostage takers of the previous
December.
442:, Concepción. Based on witness reports, police juged the incident to have resulted from a drunken dispute which had gone out of control. By 2023, security forces assumed that ACA still existed, though it had been greatly weakened due the loss of its commanders over the previous years.
331:
seriously weakened just after its conception. This quick weakening suggested that ACA lacked "the level of professionalism" and civilian support that EPP enjoyed. ACA's decline continued afterwards, and already on 5 January 2015 the Joint Task Force managed to corner the group east of
409:
On 21 April 2019, gunmen attacked a farm, destroying much equipment. On 8 May, the Armed
Peasant Association claimed responsibility for the attack and threatened more attacks in the future in a video. Days later, a gunfight between ACA and security forces in the area of Alemán Cue,
381:
his surviving followers, who could not agree how to share the 260-300 million guaraní that Morínigo had in his possession when he died. As result, one ACA fighter shot one of his comrades dead and fled with all of the money.
458:, but political analyst Horacio Galeano Perrone pointed out that the group lacked the ideological foundation of the EPP, and was instead mainly focused on "principios de combate" (combat principles). In 2021,
949:
335:. In course of the following shootout Albino Jara Larrea was killed and several other militants injured, further reducing ACA's fighting strength. In an attempt to replenish its numbers, ACA recruited
675:
402:
known action of the new Armed Peasant Association was a raid on the "La Novia" ranch on 10 October 2017. The group's members, of unknown number, operate as part-time insurgents, stealing and
1450:
1445:
1170:
1120:
1094:
549:
979:
435:, arresting three individuals and killing one after a shootout. Weaponry found at the locations were later identified as having previously been used by ACA militants.
1297:
957:
1035:
1455:
1349:
683:
464:
journalist Amy Booth also stated that "it's unclear to what extent the EPP’s original Marxist ideology has survived in splinter groups such as ACA-EP."
439:
1242:
582:
323:
considered this assumption likely, as one ACA member, Rubén Darío López Fernández, was known to have close links with the First Catarinense Group, a
741:
360:
as "the most successful" yet during the Paraguayan counter-insurgency campaign, most of ACA's leadership was killed: Namely Alfredo Jara Larrea,
803:
428:
1323:
886:
1435:
1146:
1218:
831:
613:
922:
1009:
1440:
987:
1194:
1271:
519:
1475:
1065:
349:
141:
891:
432:
1043:
1465:
645:
310:
37:
The Armed Peasant Association used several varieties of this flag, usually with different logos in the centre.
1460:
1401:
706:
1470:
438:
In November 2022, an alleged ACA member, Darío Mancuello, was murdered by the brother of an EPP member in
427:
smugglers had actually been responsible for ACA's defeat. On 16 December, police raided two locations in
270:
120:
779:
896:
336:
295:
partying, looting and womanizing. After the Larrea faction received a ransom of over one million
771:
332:
266:
229:
1375:
550:"Paraguay: cayó en combate uno de los presuntos dirigentes de la Agrupación Campesina Armada"
296:
1171:"Reaparece en Paraguay grupo guerrillero que se dio por desarticulado en 2015 (In Spanish)"
451:
1298:"Fusil de las FF.AA. hallado en poder de la ACA-EP fue usado en al menos cinco asesinatos"
8:
357:
343:
independent. Eventually, the group managed to kidnap police sergeant Idilio Morínigo and
1147:"No se reportan heridos tras ataque a estancia en Concepción, según la FTC (In Spanish)"
858:
353:
339:; there were also accounts that some female child soldiers married older ACA fighters.
211:
167:
152:
145:
361:
262:
157:
242:
91:
82:
73:
64:
51:
356:. In course of this operation, which was later characterized by Interior Minister
746:
460:
324:
314:
286:
1350:"Los tres secuestros, una deuda pendiente con la sociedad, afirma Nimio Cardozo"
707:"In Paraguay's remote north guerrillas are still at large, armed and dangerous"
398:
1429:
927:
836:
808:
650:
524:
485:
481:
319:
711:
281:
742:"Tiny Guerrilla Group Behind Wave of Kidnappings and Killings in Paraguay"
415:
646:"Paraguay's Guerrillas Split, Dissident Group Replicates Colombia Model"
1121:"Grupo criminal se jacta de tener el apoyo de la población de Arroyito"
804:"Paraguay Security Forces Deal Major Blow to Dissident Guerrilla Group"
583:"ACA-EP: Un grupo criminal formado por parias hasta entre delincuentes"
183:
403:
394:
344:
219:
179:
1095:"Libro de novedades del EML revela que la gavilla ACA fue refundada"
950:"Por inacción del Gobierno, surge un nuevo grupo armado llamado EML"
772:"The Paraguayan People's Army: A new rebel group or simple bandits?"
32:
411:
385:
303:
131:
614:"¿Quiénes serían los miembros abatidos del grupo criminal ACA-EP?"
397:
self-defense group "Justicieros de la Frontera" had kidnapped the
406:
farms during periodic raids and then returning to civilian life.
1324:"Asesinan a supuesto miembro del grupo armado ACA en Concepción"
1195:"Reportan abatido tras enfrentamiento en el Norte (In Spanish)"
215:
171:
832:"Does Leader's Death Mark Demise of Paraguay Guerrilla Group?"
1010:"Sospechosos de integrar EPP o ACA fueron detenidos en Ypané"
384:
In December 2016, four ACA militants stormed the Silva Smith
175:
1451:
Organizations based in South America designated as terrorist
1446:
Organizations based in Latin America designated as terrorist
1376:"Fuerza Tarea Conjunta abatí al "sargento Marco" de la ACA"
923:"Paraguay Guerrilla Splinter Group Brought Back Into Fold?"
306:
1402:"Galeano Perrone asegura que falta voluntad contra el EPP"
863:
1243:"Grupo armado atacó a balazos a policías en San Alfredo"
1219:"Integrante de ACA falleció tras enfrentamiento con FTC"
282:
Foundation and operations under the Jara Larrea brothers
368:"Fredi Romero"), and third-in-command Ovelar González (
302:
According to the government, ACA modeled itself on the
1066:"Hermanos Argüello Larrea desaparecen en Arroyito"
24:
980:"Pelea dentro de la ACA por unos G. 300 millones"
517:
1427:
676:"Supuestos miembros de ACA asaltan una estancia"
643:
520:"Paraguay Strikes Blow Against Guerrilla Group"
887:"2017 Trafficking in Persons Report: Paraguay"
859:"Paraguayan rebel leader Albino Jara 'killed'"
704:
682:(in Spanish). 17 December 2016. Archived from
1272:"Un reguero de muerte - 55 años de ABC Color"
829:
290:One of the alternate flags used by the group.
1456:Paramilitary organisations based in Paraguay
1089:
1087:
269:. Formed in 2014 as splinter faction of the
920:
801:
670:
668:
1036:"Detienen a supuesto nexo de la banda ACA"
956:(in Spanish). 4 March 2017. Archived from
577:
575:
573:
571:
421:
1084:
1042:(in Spanish). 19 May 2017. Archived from
986:(in Spanish). 19 May 2016. Archived from
608:
606:
604:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
665:
544:
542:
285:
1266:
1264:
916:
914:
766:
764:
735:
733:
731:
729:
639:
637:
635:
568:
1428:
644:Jeremy McDermott (21 September 2014).
601:
518:Michael Lohmuller (17 November 2015).
500:
375:
259:Armed Peasant Grouping – People's Army
739:
539:
309:and wanted to become involved in the
1436:Guerrilla movements in Latin America
1261:
911:
761:
726:
632:
393:few days before this incident, the
265:rebel group that takes part in the
13:
1423:Leftist Paraguayan insurgent group
14:
1487:
921:David Gagne (10 September 2015).
892:United States Department of State
802:Kyra Gurney (22 September 2014).
705:Laurence Blair (31 August 2015).
313:through taxation or extortion of
830:James Bargent (7 January 2015).
31:
1394:
1368:
1342:
1316:
1290:
1235:
1211:
1187:
1163:
1139:
1113:
1058:
1028:
1002:
972:
942:
879:
851:
823:
795:
1408:(in Spanish). 22 November 2018
1356:(in Spanish). 11 November 2022
1330:(in Spanish). 11 November 2022
698:
620:(in Spanish). 19 November 2021
474:
311:illegal drug trade in Paraguay
1:
1441:Far-left politics in Paraguay
740:Booth, Amy (August 4, 2021).
494:
1304:(in Spanish). 7 January 2022
7:
1382:(in Spanish). 29 April 2015
1278:(in Spanish). 1 August 2022
1249:(in Spanish). 3 August 2021
1127:(in Spanish). 1 August 2018
1016:(in Spanish). 20 March 2017
445:
247:Agrupación Campesina Armada
81:Feliciano Bernal Maíz
25:Agrupación Campesina Armada
10:
1492:
1101:(in Spanish). 31 July 2018
1072:(in Spanish). 24 July 2017
780:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
450:ACA has been described as
276:
253:), alternatively known as
1476:Communist militant groups
589:(in Spanish). 5 July 2021
556:(in Spanish). 19 May 2016
433:Sargento José Félix López
364:Mariano López Velázquez (
239:Armed Peasant Association
225:
207:
197:
189:
163:
151:
137:
127:
116:
101:
42:
30:
23:
19:Armed Peasant Association
18:
467:
317:farmers; an expert from
271:Paraguayan People's Army
121:Paraguayan People's Army
63:"José Villaverde")
422:Second near-destruction
418:, injuring one person.
153:Political position
50:"Milciades León")
291:
267:insurgency in Paraguay
246:
230:Insurgency in Paraguay
90:Hugo Bernal Maíz
1466:Communism in Paraguay
325:Brazilian crime group
289:
255:Armed Campesino Group
170:(government claims),
142:Concepción Department
72:Idilio Morínigo
59:Alfredo Jara Larrea (
1461:Politics of Paraguay
46:Albino Jara Larrea (
1471:Communist terrorism
480:A "Campesino" is a
376:Decline and revival
358:Francisco de Vargas
354:Amambay Departments
138:Active regions
484:or farm worker in
297:Paraguayan guaraní
292:
212:Illegal drug trade
146:Amambay Department
103:Dates of operation
454:by the newspaper
372:"Beto Gimenez").
362:second-in-command
235:
234:
203:~4 (in late 2016)
1483:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1223:La Nación.com.py
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
918:
909:
908:
906:
904:
895:. Archived from
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
867:. 7 January 2015
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
776:
768:
759:
758:
756:
754:
737:
724:
723:
721:
719:
702:
696:
695:
693:
691:
672:
663:
662:
660:
658:
641:
630:
629:
627:
625:
610:
599:
598:
596:
594:
579:
566:
565:
563:
561:
546:
537:
536:
534:
532:
515:
488:
478:
452:Marxist–Leninist
440:Kurusu de Hierro
226:Battles and wars
208:Means of revenue
168:Drug trafficking
104:
96:
87:
78:
69:
56:
35:
26:
16:
15:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
978:
977:
973:
963:
961:
960:on 4 March 2017
948:
947:
943:
933:
931:
919:
912:
902:
900:
885:
884:
880:
870:
868:
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
828:
824:
814:
812:
800:
796:
786:
784:
783:. February 2015
774:
770:
769:
762:
752:
750:
738:
727:
717:
715:
703:
699:
689:
687:
686:on 17 June 2017
674:
673:
666:
656:
654:
642:
633:
623:
621:
612:
611:
602:
592:
590:
581:
580:
569:
559:
557:
548:
547:
540:
530:
528:
516:
501:
497:
492:
491:
479:
475:
470:
448:
424:
378:
284:
279:
261:(ACA–EP), is a
202:
108:
102:
92:
89:
83:
80:
74:
71:
65:
58:
52:
38:
12:
11:
5:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1393:
1367:
1341:
1315:
1289:
1260:
1234:
1210:
1186:
1162:
1138:
1112:
1083:
1057:
1046:on 29 May 2017
1027:
1001:
990:on 24 May 2016
971:
941:
910:
899:on 3 July 2017
878:
850:
822:
794:
760:
725:
697:
664:
631:
600:
567:
538:
498:
496:
493:
490:
489:
472:
471:
469:
466:
447:
444:
423:
420:
377:
374:
337:child soldiers
283:
280:
278:
275:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
165:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
105:
99:
98:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1488:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1381:
1380:amambay ahora
1377:
1371:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1176:
1175:La Vanguardia
1172:
1166:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1015:
1011:
1005:
989:
985:
981:
975:
959:
955:
951:
945:
930:
929:
928:InSight Crime
924:
917:
915:
898:
894:
893:
888:
882:
866:
865:
860:
854:
839:
838:
837:InSight Crime
833:
826:
811:
810:
809:InSight Crime
805:
798:
782:
781:
773:
767:
765:
749:
748:
743:
736:
734:
732:
730:
714:
713:
708:
701:
685:
681:
677:
671:
669:
653:
652:
651:InSight Crime
647:
640:
638:
636:
619:
615:
609:
607:
605:
588:
584:
578:
576:
574:
572:
555:
551:
545:
543:
527:
526:
525:InSight Crime
521:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
499:
487:
486:Latin America
483:
482:tenant farmer
477:
473:
465:
463:
462:
457:
456:amambay ahora
453:
443:
441:
436:
434:
430:
419:
417:
413:
407:
405:
400:
399:sister-in-law
396:
390:
387:
382:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
340:
338:
334:
328:
326:
322:
321:
320:InSight Crime
316:
312:
308:
305:
300:
298:
288:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
231:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
201:~13 (in 2014)
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
164:Major actions
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
106:
100:
97:
95:
88:
86:
79:
77:
70:
68:
62:
57:
55:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
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