65:
1245:(present South Sumatra) according to archaeological findings. Not only this seriously weakened Srivijaya; it obliterated its scholarly scene, made of famous Buddhist teachers who had attracted students even from India. Their works have been preserved in Tibetan translations. Somewhat later, Islam as a new cultural force engendered a written literature in Malay. This historical hiatus is what makes Old Javanese literature quite special for its rarity. No other Indianized countries of Southeast Asia have produced comparable literatures
22:
1024:
1035:
1174:
Along this quest, Arjuna receives weapons - but conflicting sidelines occur with the basic story: some mention only one weapon, others mention several weapons. One of these sidelines tells of the appearance of a boar, that Arjuna shoots; then a hunter comes in who claims to have hit the boar first
1166:
descends to earth disguised as an old
Brahmana and discusses religious matters with Arjuna; Arjuna correctly answers Indra's questions, the latter then reveals his true identity and returns to svargaloka. Thus Arjuna passes this second test. He is then given the task of defeating Niwatakawaca. He
1580:
clubs of modern Bali... are characterized by “extemporaneous glossing” using hermeneutical strategies that do not (primarily) involve analytical means, drawn from a systematic knowledge of morphology and grammar, or try to establish historical derivations and etymologies; they are mainly based on
1318:
The first known translation is in Dutch by R. Ng. Poerbatjaraka in 1926; it is deemed to have a few gaps. In 1990, Wiryamartana publishes an
Indonesian translation and a lengthy discussion on the transformations of the original text along the centuries. Henry publishes a partial translation in
1161:
to seduce him and lure him away from his quest. This failing to deter him from his meditation and ascetism, Arjuna is tested anew, this time to determine whether he seeks the welfare of others or only his own deliverance from the world. To this purpose, the god
1377:
movement, that produced books intended for study and containing moralistic texts or guides for worship; and he Old
Javanese classics provide a base for the Hindu society of Bali, legitimized by its high antiquity and having the authority of Scripture.
1224:
The morality in it is about not using the opportunity to obtain the highest benefit for oneself, such as liberation from the world (i.e. the cycle of reincarnations), but choosing to remain in the world in order to seek the welfare of others.
1248:
During the 10th century, the centre of the
Javanese kingdom moved from Central Java to the lower valley of the Brantas River in East Java. There it came under severe attack, possibly from Srivijaya; At the time of the
1221:); and a second time, on the 14th day of the Kurukshetra war, Arjuna meets Krishna in a dream and both go to Shiva who leads them to a pond where there are two snakes that turn into a bow and arrow.
1326:
is preserved in many manuscripts in Bali. But in the 1970's, Indonesion languages specialist
Christiaan Hooykaas (1902-1979) was of the opinion that nobody in Bali knew anything about the
1524:
1581:
contemporary/popular lexical know-how, “folk etymology”, and associative thinking effected through homology, metaphor, and assonance. These techniques are akin to the
Sanskrit
1371:. These were deemed to convey edifying teachings; but this may be due to that the effort to preserve and define the Balinese spiritual heritage was led by the very active
1063:
1881:
1333:
any more. In 1972, Robson published an article mentioning that in Bali, Old
Javanese texts were still known, read and studied. Among its students was a
1300:
1056:
2041:
1175:
and therefore it belongs to him. A dispute breaks out until Arjuna realizes that the hunter is Shiva. Shiva then presents
Pashupata to Arjuna.
1966:
1049:
1998:
1139:. Arjuna aims at regaining his family's fortunes by obtaining a weapon from the gods, and to that effect he practises meditation and
1257:
has reasserted his position as king in East Java. Srivijaya and Java may have been competitors in the period leading up to this.
1546:
1185:) twice from Shiva: the first time on the Indrakila mountain, where Arjuna also receives weapons from other gods — a club (
1778:
Zoetmulder, P.J. 1974 Kalangwan; A survey of Old
Javanese literature The Hague Nijhoff. Zoetmulder 1974:17). Cited in
1171:
in turn. At the end of the text, its author Mpu Kanwa adds that he is about to accompany his king
Airlangga into battle.
64:
2011:
1386:
These texts' Scriptural authority reaches the religious rituals. As such, the “hymn to Siwa”, a passage from the
1373:
1337:
group in the Pura Dalem in Pliatan, led by Ketut Lagas, who at that time worked on reading and interpreting the
1269:
is among the texts that survived in Java and was transformed by writers some centuries later. It was written in
2063:
1593:"Translation as Commentary in the Sanskrit-Old Javanese Didactic and Religious Literature from Java and Bali"
1010:
990:
1167:
eventually achieves this too, and receives a reward: seven days in heaven and marriage to each of the seven
1759:
Jones, R. (1986). "The origins of the Malay manuscript tradition". In Grijns, C.D.; Robson, S.O. (eds.).
861:
1005:
1343:
Balinese collections contain hundreds of texts but only a few were regularly mentioned as important:
1422:
106:
1830:
Arjunawiwaha; Transformasi teks Jawa Kuna lewat tanggapan dan penciptaan di lingkungan sastra Jawa
1435:
1355:
896:
866:
99:
1091:
period of the Javanese classical Hindu-Buddhist era in the 11th-century. It was composed by Mpu
1135:. It is set at the time when the brothers had lost everything to their rivals and cousins, the
1000:
50:
1574:
is “a socially situated process of translation that has its own rules and its own aesthetic”.
856:
56:
1398:” (“Hail! May the homage of the protectorless be seen by the refuge of the three worlds.”).
2068:
565:
287:
28:
8:
1592:
1477:
1410:
923:
846:
124:
1155:) and can only be defeated by a man. The gods decide to test Arjuna and send him seven
2035:
1985:
1662:
1442:
1406:
1361:
995:
901:
793:
662:
192:
84:
2030:(phD thesis in Philosophy, supervisor: Yong Li Lan). National University of Singapore.
2007:
1529:
938:
1585:, which unpack meanings from words rather than reduce them to their bare essentials.
2058:
1975:
1922:
1456:
1449:
1367:
1039:
1028:
876:
871:
390:
217:
1463:
1305:
1270:
955:
933:
908:
595:
580:
505:
297:
272:
89:
1520:
1330:
1277:
851:
159:
94:
1980:
1961:
1926:
2052:
891:
704:
620:
545:
495:
435:
317:
154:
732:
727:
722:
1296:
1234:
813:
515:
510:
375:
207:
1484:
1131:
928:
886:
798:
760:
657:
635:
570:
550:
530:
500:
455:
405:
385:
370:
365:
227:
202:
197:
1989:
1418:
1144:
1140:
1104:
615:
590:
475:
470:
410:
395:
312:
302:
232:
129:
21:
2022:
134:
1517:
1470:
1310:, Sr. (1799–1859), and published by W. Palmer van den Broek in 1868.
1274:
1254:
1242:
1238:
1151:) Niwatakawaca is disturbing the peace and order of the gods' abode (
1100:
1096:
1088:
913:
881:
808:
803:
788:
600:
575:
560:
485:
430:
425:
400:
292:
282:
252:
222:
1414:
1345:
692:
652:
555:
520:
420:
415:
355:
277:
237:
187:
144:
1763:. Dordrecht: Foris (KITLV, Verhandelingen 115). pp. 121–143.
1136:
1126:
1117:
1083:
972:
960:
918:
770:
682:
672:
610:
525:
460:
345:
257:
242:
177:
34:
687:
1157:
1152:
1143:- according to Robson (2001) on Mount Indrakila as a symbol of
1122:
765:
699:
677:
640:
630:
540:
535:
480:
380:
360:
322:
247:
212:
149:
139:
1394:
books, is part of a temple ritual. It starts with the words: “
1421:
near Malang; and in Bali on Rambut Siwi in Mendoyo district,
1163:
1148:
1092:
818:
755:
750:
667:
625:
605:
585:
490:
450:
445:
440:
307:
267:
262:
2006:. Bibliotheca Indonesica, 34. Leiden / Boston: KITLV Press.
1125:, an excellent archer and the third of the five legendary
1107:. Arjunawiwaha is estimated to have been finished in 1030.
950:
465:
350:
182:
79:
25:
1832:(in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.
1735:
Schoterman, J. A. (1986). "Indonesische sporen in Tibet".
1913:
Hunter, Thomas M. (June 2022). "A forgotten philology".
1940:
1938:
1936:
1319:
1981. Robson publishes a complete translation in 2008.
1253:
writing (assuming that that is between 1028 and 1035),
1718:
1716:
1714:
1701:
1699:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1933:
1879:
1626:
1711:
1696:
1679:
1638:
1177:Another version is that Arjuna received the weapon
2024:Wayang Kontemporer: Innovations in Javanese Wayang
1861:
1852:. Gaya, Bihar: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies.
2000:Arjunawiwāha. The marriage of Arjuna of Mpu Kanwa
2050:
1396:Om sěmbahning anātha tinghalana de trilokaśaraņa
1807:
1057:
1967:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1889:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1827:
1761:Cultural contact and textual interpretation
1547:"Language: Betawi Malay (Tengahan dialect)"
1544:
1313:
2040:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1734:
1590:
1064:
1050:
16:11th century Balinese palm-leaf manuscript
1979:
1591:Acri, Andrea; Hunter, Thomas M. (2020).
1553:. Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
1543:Tengahan is a Betawi Malay dialect. See
1381:
1209:) and a weapon that gives invisibility (
20:
1880:Swellengrebel, J.; Hinzler, H. (1980).
1491:
1228:
45:This article is a part of the series on
2051:
2020:
1996:
1959:
1944:
1912:
1867:
1855:
1835:
1815:
1795:
1779:
1766:
1746:
1722:
1705:
1690:
1649:
1632:
1241:confederation of kingdoms, centred at
1847:
1758:
1409:(temples), such as Candi Kedaton in
335:Mythological and folkloric creatures
1390:(10-11) that is also quoted in the
13:
1915:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
1260:
14:
2080:
1962:"On Translating the Arjunawiwāha"
1828:Wiryamartana, I. Kuntara (1990).
1810:Arjuna-Wiwaha; Tekst en vertaling
1602:(11): 213-240 (see p. 214 note 3)
1737:Oosters Genootschap in Nederland
1147:. At the same time, the demon (
1033:
1022:
63:
2021:Varela, Miguel Escobar (2014).
1953:
1906:
1873:
1841:
1821:
1801:
1785:
1667:indian-mythology-dictionary.com
1564:
1537:
1503:
1808:Poerbatjaraka, R. Ng. (1926).
1772:
1752:
1728:
1655:
1:
1620:
1525:Johann Friedrich Carl Gericke
1405:were carved on East Javanese
1011:List of sacred places in Java
783:Mythical and sacred locations
1110:
1103:Kingdom, circa 1019 to 1042
7:
1428:
862:Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
10:
2085:
1401:Bas-reliefs depicting the
1129:brothers mentioned in the
1006:List of Indonesian deities
119:Traditional folk religions
1981:10.1163/22134379-90003817
1927:10.1017/S0022463422000297
1882:"In memoriam C. Hooykaas"
1523:(1778), was published by
1095:during the reign of King
996:Indonesian folk religions
1812:. s-Gravenhage: Nijhoff.
1496:
1314:Translations and studies
1121:epic tells the story of
1997:Robson, Stuart (2008).
1960:Robson, Stuart (2001).
1299:but in fact written by
1291:It also took the title
867:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai
100:Ghosts in Malay culture
1613:
1392:Parisadha Hindu Dharma
1374:Parisadha Hindu Dharma
1001:Javanese sacred places
745:Rituals and traditions
39:
2064:Hinduism in Indonesia
1794:, 1990:325. Cited in
1575:
1436:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
1382:Its place in religion
897:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
857:Hikayat Bayan Budiman
24:
1492:Notes and references
1229:Its place in history
1040:Mythology portal
1029:Indonesia portal
566:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
288:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
74:Cultural mythologies
29:palm-leaf manuscript
1411:Probolinggo Regency
1233:In 1025 the Indian
847:Hikayat Amir Hamzah
1848:Henry, P. (1981).
1510:Serat Wiwaha Jarwa
1443:Kakawin Hariwangsa
1293:Serat Wiwaha Jarwa
1282:Serat Wiwaha Jarwa
902:Kakawin Hariwangsa
85:Balinese mythology
40:
1087:to appear in the
1074:
1073:
939:Wawacan Sulanjana
717:Wayang characters
2076:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1983:
1948:
1942:
1931:
1930:
1921:(1–2): 341–343.
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1850:The Arjunawiwaha
1845:
1839:
1833:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1789:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1743:. Leiden: Brill.
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1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1545:Kevin Yusuf Tj.
1541:
1535:
1533:
1507:
1457:Kakawin Sutasoma
1450:Kakawin Ramayana
1423:Jembrana Regency
1309:
1295:, attributed to
1280:under the title
1066:
1059:
1052:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1025:
877:Kakawin Sutasoma
872:Kakawin Ramayana
391:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
218:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
107:Molucca Folklore
67:
42:
41:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2049:
2048:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2014:
2003:
1956:
1951:
1943:
1934:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
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1878:
1874:
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1862:
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1806:
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1617:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1600:Medieval worlds
1595:
1589:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1551:lpan.eva.mpg.de
1542:
1538:
1527:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1464:Nagarakretagama
1431:
1384:
1342:
1316:
1303:
1263:
1261:Transformations
1231:
1176:
1113:
1070:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:
986:
978:
977:
934:Tuhfat al-Nafis
832:
824:
823:
784:
776:
775:
746:
738:
737:
718:
710:
709:
596:Silewe Nazarata
581:Satrio Piningit
506:Nyai Roro Kidul
336:
328:
327:
298:Satrio Piningit
273:Nyai Roro Kidul
173:
165:
164:
120:
112:
111:
90:Batak mythology
75:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2047:
2046:
2018:
2012:
1994:
1955:
1952:
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1949:
1932:
1905:
1895:(2/3): 191–214
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1860:
1840:
1820:
1800:
1784:
1771:
1751:
1727:
1710:
1695:
1678:
1654:
1637:
1635:, p. 382.
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1587:
1578:sekaha mabasan
1563:
1536:
1521:Pakubuwana III
1501:
1500:
1498:
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1493:
1490:
1489:
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1478:Śiwarātrikalpa
1474:
1467:
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1453:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1427:
1415:Candi Surawana
1383:
1380:
1315:
1312:
1301:Carel Frederik
1288:, dated 1778.
1278:Pakubuwana III
1262:
1259:
1230:
1227:
1215:antardhanastra
1112:
1109:
1099:, king of the
1081:was the first
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945:Sacred weapons
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924:Śiwarātrikalpa
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909:Nagarakṛtāgama
906:
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852:Hikayat Banjar
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836:Mythical texts
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137:
132:
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117:
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110:
109:
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103:
102:
95:Malay folklore
92:
87:
82:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
60:
59:
47:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2013:9789004253940
2009:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1947:, p. 38.
1946:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1858:, p. 35.
1857:
1851:
1844:
1838:, p. 35.
1837:
1831:
1824:
1818:, p. 35.
1817:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1782:, p. 36.
1781:
1775:
1769:, p. 37.
1768:
1762:
1755:
1749:, p. 37.
1748:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1725:, p. 37.
1724:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1708:, p. 36.
1707:
1702:
1700:
1693:, p. 39.
1692:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1652:, p. 35.
1651:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1573:
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1526:
1522:
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1506:
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1447:
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1437:
1433:
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1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:near Kediri,
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1376:
1375:
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1369:
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1999:
1974:(1): 35–50.
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1954:Bibliography
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1897:. Retrieved
1892:
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1792:Wiryamartana
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1670:. Retrieved
1666:
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1604:. Retrieved
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1555:. Retrieved
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1297:Yasadipura I
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1078:Arjunawiwāha
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1075:
842:Arjunawiwaha
841:
814:Tua Pek Kong
733:Wayang menak
728:Wayang panji
723:Wayang purwa
516:Orang Pendek
511:Orang bunian
376:Batara Sambu
208:Batara Sambu
32:
18:
2069:Hindu texts
1945:Robson 2001
1868:Robson 2008
1856:Robson 2001
1836:Robson 2001
1816:Robson 2001
1796:Robson 2001
1780:Robson 2001
1767:Robson 2001
1747:Robson 2001
1723:Robson 2001
1706:Robson 2001
1691:Robson 2001
1663:"Pashupata"
1650:Robson 2001
1633:Varela 2014
1528: [
1485:Smaradahana
1304: [
1197:), a loop (
1132:Mahabharata
929:Smaradahana
887:Mahabharata
761:Jailangkung
658:Babi ngepet
636:Wewe Gombel
571:Sangkuriang
551:Raden Panji
531:Penanggalan
501:Na Tuk Kong
456:Jailangkung
406:Dewi Lanjar
386:Calon Arang
371:Batara Kala
366:Batara Guru
228:Dewi Lanjar
203:Batara Kala
198:Batara Guru
160:Sapta Darma
2053:Categories
1899:2024-06-01
1672:2024-06-01
1621:References
1606:2024-06-01
1557:2024-06-01
1419:Candi Jago
1362:Bhomantaka
1219:antardhana
1153:svargaloka
1145:Mount Meru
1141:asceticism
1089:East Javan
616:Sunan Ambu
591:Setesuyara
476:Kuntilanak
471:Keong Emas
411:Dewi Ratih
396:Damarwulan
313:Sunan Ambu
303:Setesuyara
233:Dewi Ratih
130:Kaharingan
51:Indonesian
2036:cite book
1854:Cited in
1834:Cited in
1814:Cited in
1765:Cited in
1745:Cited in
1583:nirvacana
1518:Susuhunan
1514:Mintaraga
1471:Pararaton
1286:Mintaraga
1275:Susuhunan
1273:verse by
1255:Airlangga
1243:Palembang
1239:Srivijaya
1191:dandastra
1111:The story
1101:Kahuripan
1097:Airlangga
914:Pararaton
882:La Galigo
809:Ratu Boko
804:Prambanan
799:Mt. Tidar
789:Borobudur
601:Si Pitung
576:Saraswati
561:Ratu Adil
431:Hantu Air
426:Hainuwele
401:Dewi Danu
293:Saraswati
283:Ratu Adil
253:Hainuwele
223:Dewi Danu
53:mythology
1990:27865696
1588:—
1534:in 1844.
1429:See also
1368:Sutasoma
1346:Ramayana
1328:tengahan
1203:pasastra
985:See also
967:Funerals
653:Antaboga
521:O Tokata
486:Langsuir
421:Ebu Gogo
416:Dewi Sri
361:Bidadari
356:Aji Saka
238:Dewi Sri
188:Antaboga
145:Parmalim
57:folklore
26:Balinese
2059:Kakawin
1572:mabasan
1335:mabasan
1271:macapat
1169:apsaras
1158:apsaras
1127:Pandawa
1118:kakawin
1084:kakawin
973:Tau tau
961:Rencong
919:Pustaha
693:Taksaka
683:Hanoman
647:Animals
611:Suanggi
556:Raksasa
526:Pelesit
461:Jenglot
346:Acintya
278:Raksasa
258:Hanoman
178:Acintya
172:Deities
135:Kejawèn
35:kakawin
31:of the
2010:
1988:
1407:candis
1331:metres
1211:kubera
1199:varuna
1137:Korawa
1123:Arjuna
956:Kujang
794:Kraton
771:Ziarah
766:Pawang
700:Rangda
678:Garuda
673:Ganesa
663:Barong
631:Twalen
541:Pocong
536:Petruk
481:Kuyang
381:Brahma
340:Beings
248:Garuda
243:Ganesa
213:Brahma
193:Barong
150:Pemena
140:Marapu
2028:(PDF)
2004:(PDF)
1986:JSTOR
1885:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
1532:]
1516:, by
1497:Notes
1308:]
1195:danda
1183:astra
1164:Indra
1149:asura
1093:Kanwa
991:Hantu
819:Turgo
756:Dukun
751:Bomoh
668:Burak
641:Wisnu
626:Tuyul
586:Semar
451:Ifrit
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268:Hyang
263:Hudoq
2042:link
2008:ISBN
1365:and
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688:Naga
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351:Agni
308:Siwa
183:Agni
125:Iban
80:Adat
55:and
1976:doi
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