70:
1116:
632:
1172:
610:). She was hidden behind a curtain; if she did not agree with something, she would place her hand on his back, out of sight. At her intercession, he forgave enemies or commuted death sentences. His trust in her was so great that he gave her the highest honour of the land – his imperial seal, the Mehr Uzaz, which validated imperial decrees and nothing could be done without her consent. Mumtaz was portrayed as having no aspirations to political power, in contrast to her aunt, Empress
692:
562:, the relationship with his other wives "had nothing more than the status of marriage. The intimacy, deep affection, attention and favour which Shah Jahan had for Mumtaz exceeded what he felt for his other wives." Likewise, Shah Jahan's historian Inayat Khan commented that 'his whole delight was centered on this illustrious lady , to such an extent that he did not feel towards the others one-thousandth part of the affection that he did for her.'
1253:
727:, who observed its construction, were among the first to call it the Taj Mahal. Since they are unlikely to have come up with the name, they might have picked it up from the locals of Agra who called the Empress 'Taj Mahal' and thought the tomb was named after her and the name began to be used interchangeably, but no firm evidence suggests this. Shah Jahan had not intended to entomb another person in the Taj Mahal; however,
1051:
667:. The contemporary court chroniclers paid an unusual amount of attention to Mumtaz Mahal's death and Shah Jahan's grief at her demise. In the immediate aftermath of his bereavement, the emperor was reportedly inconsolable. Apparently, after her death, he went into secluded mourning for a year. When he appeared again, his hair had turned white, his back was bent, and his face worn. Mumtaz's eldest daughter,
1083:
1144:
679:, back to Agra. There, it was interred in a small building on the banks of the Yamuna River. Shah Jahan stayed behind in Burhanpur to conclude the military campaign that had originally brought him to the region. While there, he began planning the design and construction of a suitable mausoleum and funerary garden in Agra for his wife. It was a task that would take 22 years to complete, the
582:'(First Lady or Queen of the Great)', 'Malika-i-Jahan' ("Queen of the World") and 'Malika-uz-Zamani' ("Queen of the Age") and 'Malika-i-Hindustan ("Queen of the Hindustan"). Mumtaz's tenure as empress was brief, spanning only three years due to her untimely death. Nonetheless, Shah Jahan bestowed her with magnanimous luxuries. She was also the only wife of Shah Jahan to be addressed as
700:
513:, and could compose poems in the latter. She was reputed to have a combination of modesty and candor, a woman warmly straightforward yet bemusedly self-possessed. Early in adolescence, she attracted the attention of important nobles of the realm. Jahangir must have heard about her, since he readily consented to Shah Jahan's engagement with her.
566:
was his constant companion and trusted confidant, leading court historians to go to unheard lengths to document the intimate and erotic relationship the couple enjoyed. In their 19 years of marriage, they had 14 children together (eight sons and six daughters), seven of whom died at birth or at a very young age.
722:
are found as calligraphic inscriptions on the sides of the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal in the crypt including, "O Noble, O Magnificent, O Majestic, O Unique, O Eternal, O Glorious...". There are many theories about the origin of the name of this tomb and one of them suggests that 'Taj' is an abbreviation of
521:
Mumtaz Mahal was betrothed to Shah Jahan around 5 April 1607, when she was 14 years old at the time and he was 15. They were, however, married five years after the year of their betrothal on 10 May 1612 or 7 June 1612 in Agra. After their wedding celebrations, Shah Jahan, "finding her in appearance
674:
Mumtaz Mahal's personal fortune (valued at 10 million rupees) was divided by Shah Jahan between
Jahanara Begum, who received half, and the rest of her surviving children. Burhanpur was never intended by her husband as his wife's final resting spot. As a result, her body was disinterred in December
601:
Shah Jahan consulted Mumtaz in both private matters and the affairs of the state, and she served as his close confidant and trusted adviser and because of this, she had enormous political power. Like her predecessor and aunt Nur Jahan, Mumtaz sat next to the emperor in the Hall of
Private Audience
565:
Mumtaz had a loving marriage with Shah Jahan. Even during her lifetime, poets would extol her beauty, grace, and compassion. Despite her frequent pregnancies, Mumtaz travelled with Shah Jahan's entourage throughout his earlier military campaigns and the subsequent rebellion against his father. She
711:
describes it as "Not a piece of architecture, as other buildings are, but the proud passion of an emperor's love wrought in living stones." The beauty of the monument is also taken as a representation of Mumtaz Mahal's beauty and this association leads many to describe the Taj Mahal as feminine.
622:
poet, Vansidhara Mishra, was the
Empress's favourite. On the recommendation of her principal lady-in-waiting, Sati-un-Nissa, Mumtaz Mahal provided pensions and donations to the daughters of poor scholars, theologians, and pious men. It was quite common for women of noble birth to commission
2460:
Tavernier's travels in India between years 1640–1676 : being a narrative of the six voyages of Jean-Baptiste
Tavernier to the east – especially to India, translated from the original French edition of 1676, with a biographical sketch of the author, notes, appendices, &
617:
An uncontested and great influence on him, often intervening on behalf of the poor and destitute, she also enjoyed watching elephant and combat fights performed for the court. Mumtaz also patronized a number of poets, scholars and other talented persons. A noted
443:. Shah Jahan had the Taj Mahal built as a tomb for her, which is considered to be a monument of undying love. As with other Mughal royal ladies, no contemporary likenesses of her are accepted, but imagined portraits were created from the 19th century onwards.
731:
had Shah Jahan buried next to the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal rather than build a separate tomb for his father. This is evident from the asymmetrical placement of Shah Jahan's grave on one side of his wife's grave which is in the centre.
810:(2013), Mahal's daughter, Princess Jahanara, tells the extraordinary story of how the Taj Mahal came to be, describing her own life as an agent in its creation and as a witness to the fateful events surrounding its completion.
2969:
The Shah Jahan nama of 'Inayat Khan: an abridged history of the Mughal
Emperor Shah Jahan, compiled by his royal librarian : the nineteenth-century manuscript translation of A.R. Fuller (British Library, add.
712:
Since Muslim tradition forbids elaborate decorations on graves, the bodies of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan are placed in a relatively plain crypt beneath the inner chamber with their faces turned to the right and towards
590:), where Mumtaz lived with Shah Jahan. It was decorated with pure gold and precious stones and had rose-water fountains of its own. Each wife of the Mughal emperor was given a regular monthly allowance for her
623:
architecture in the Mughal Empire, so Mumtaz devoted some time to a riverside garden in Agra, which is now known as Zahara Bagh. It is the only architectural foundation that can be connected to her patronage.
387:
and the power behind the emperor. She was married at the age of 19 on 10 May 1612 or 16 June 1612 to Prince
Khurram, later known by his regnal name Shah Jahan, who conferred upon her the title "Mumtaz Mahal"
3426:
Tossie? "Then who's
Princess Arjumand?" I said. "Her cat. It's named after the Indian maharani they named the Taj Mahal after, though one would think it would be called the Taj Arjumand in that case.
1097:. He was favoured as a successor by his father, Shah Jahan, and his elder sister, Princess Jahanara Begum, but was defeated and later killed by his younger brother, Prince Muhiuddin (later the Emperor
1844:
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Succeeded his father as the sixth Mughal emperor after emerging victorious in the war of succession that took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657. He married and had issue.
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on 17 June 1631 while giving birth to her 14th child, after a prolonged labor of around 30 hours. She had been accompanying her husband while he was fighting a campaign in the
2112:. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Washington D. C; New York: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Oxford University Press. p. 137.
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915:
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The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan to be built as a mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal. It is seen as an embodiment of undying love and marital devotion. English poet
1807:
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551:(titled Akbarabadi Mahal), the daughter of a prominent Mughal courtier. According to the official court historians, both the marriages were political alliances.
1910:
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rights with his two other wives, other than dutifully siring a child with each. According to the official court chronicler, Motamid Khan, as recorded in his
543:'the exalted one of the Palace'). During the intervening years between their betrothal and marriage, Shah Jahan had married his first wife, Princess
2984:
1830:
3059:. translated by Corinne Attwood; edited by Burzine K. Waghmar; with a foreword by Francis Robinson (Revised ed.). Lahore: Sang-E-Meel Pub. p.
1154:
She was the most influential of Shah Jahan's daughters after
Jahanara Begum and sided with Aurangzeb during the war of succession. She died unmarried.
467:. Asaf Khan was a wealthy Persian noble who held high office in the Mughal Empire. His family had come to India impoverished in 1577, when his father
675:
1631 and transported in a golden casket escorted by her son Shah Shuja, the deceased empress's head lady-in-waiting, and the distinguished courtier
2285:
3874:. Compiled and translated by W.E. Begley and Z.A. Desai. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture. 1989. p. 23.
1941:
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Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth : the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and
Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals
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Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth : the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and
Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals
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Mumtaz Mahal was equally adept in Persian and Arabic as well as in writing poetry, besides being a patron of the learned and scholars.
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1065:) of the Mughal Empire after her mother's death, despite the fact that her father had three other consorts. She died unmarried.
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per year given to Mumtaz Mahal by Shah Jahan. Apart from this income, he gave her a lot of high-income lands and properties.
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1793:
4110:
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to Shah Jahan since 1607, she ultimately became his second wife in 1612. Mumtaz and her husband had 14 children, including
2406:
614:, the chief consort of Emperor Jahangir, who had wielded enormous power and considerable influence in the previous reign.
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being the mother of the heir apparent. For example, no other empress' residence was as decorated as Khas Mahal (part of
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817:(2022) is a conversation with Mumtaz Mahal. It explores themes of love, monumentalisation, legacy, family, and empire.
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31:
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Mumtaz was remarkable in the field of learning and was a talented and cultured lady. She was well-versed in
4105:
4075:
2313:
2245:
Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia
3872:
Taj Mahal: the illumined tomb: an anthology of seventeenth-century Mughal and European documentary sources
955:
Suhani Juneja played the role of young Arjumand Banu Begum in the second season of the popular webseries
3895:
2269:
1107:
235:
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By all accounts, Shah Jahan was so taken with Mumtaz that he showed little interest in exercising his
482:, making Mumtaz a niece, and later, a step daughter-in-law of Nur Jahan, the chief consort of Emperor
4080:
1933:
777:
420:, anointed by his father, who temporarily succeeded him until deposed by Mumtaz Mahal's sixth child,
2222:(Transferred to digital print. ed.). Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. p. 126.
1970:
1463:
754:
456:
376:
342:
283:
48:
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1382:
317:
3964:
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3259:
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594:(housekeeping or travelling expenses); the highest such allowance on record is the one million
486:, Shah Jahan's father. Her older sister, Parwar Khanum, married Sheikh Farid, the son of Nawab
3843:
3347:
3341:
3060:
3054:
1077:
Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal
379:, a wealthy Persian noble who held high office in the Mughal Empire, and the niece of Empress
69:
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1957:
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2934:
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Events that formed the modern world: from the European Renaissance through the War on Terror
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in a walled pleasure garden known as Zainabad originally constructed by Shah Jahan's uncle
607:
603:
471:(popularly known by his title of I'timad-ud-Daulah), was taken into the service of Emperor
362:
2036:
Tourism, Planning, and Community Development Community Development – Current Issues Series
8:
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1798:
1115:
978:
548:
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Reports on Astronomy Transactions of the International Astronomical Union Volume XXIIA
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Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential daughter. Jahanara became the First Lady (
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3263:
3197:
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3119:
3109:
3064:
2974:
2946:
2935:
2913:
2905:
Imaging sound: an ethnomusicological study of music, art, and culture in Mughal India
2873:
2848:
2823:
2760:
2614:
2547:
2519:
2494:
2464:
2275:
2248:
2223:
2138:
2113:
2067:
2039:
2014:
1989:
1015:
220:
204:
2325:
1408:
1323:
527:
510:
440:
255:
2933:
Salma K. Jayyusi; Renata Holod; Antillio Petruccioli; André Raymond, eds. (2008).
1986:
Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 2, South Asia
671:, gradually brought her father out of grief and took her mother's place at court.
1132:
926:
892:
785:
544:
494:, who was also the emperor Jahangir's foster brother. Mumtaz also had a brother,
487:
468:
270:
240:
932:
Purnima Patwardhan portrayed her role in the 2003 Indian historical drama film,
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859:
668:
660:
652:
575:
460:
436:
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409:
369:
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225:
116:
56:
3217:
2314:"Monument of Love or Symbol of Maternal Death: The Story Behind the Taj Mahal"
1171:
4054:
4045:
1905:
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He was executed in 1661 as per Aurangzeb's orders. He married and had issue.
1094:
1062:
839:
772:
579:
417:
138:
88:
75:
60:
52:
3123:
2366:
The Taj and Its Environments: With 8 Illus. from Photos., 1 Map, and 4 Plans
1244:
1101:), in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne. He married and had issue.
771:
A cat named after Mumtaz Mahal ("Princess Arjumand") plays a major role in
708:
631:
495:
424:, who ultimately succeeded his father as the sixth Mughal emperor in 1658.
250:
2546:(1st Indian ed., repr. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 38.
574:
Upon his accession to the throne in 1628 after subduing his half-brother,
3103:
2822:(1. Indian ed., repr. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 93.
1835:
1522:
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and character elect among all the women of the time", gave her the title
413:
230:
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Veil, Sceptre and Quill: Profiles of Eminent Women, 16th–18th Centuries
703:
Tomb of Mumtaz Mahal in the Taj Mahal, alongside her husband Shah Jahan
555:
350:
301:
184:
578:, Shah Jahan designated Mumtaz as his chief empress with the title of
3725:
3343:
Taj Mahal : passion and genius at the heart of the Moghul empire
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1338:
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and various other provinces in the empire during Shah Jahan's reign.
479:
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380:
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245:
166:
154:
106:
3029:"The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of Its Symbolic Meaning"
2463:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 245.
1831:"Battle for Taj Mahal continues between Shia and Sunni sect leaders"
74:
Portrait of Mumtaz Mahal on ivory, 17th‑century, held at the
3108:. Richard André. Barraud. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 45.
2354:
Mullah Muhammad Saleh Kamboh: Shah Jahan-Nama, Lahore, 2013, p. 159
1252:
1219:
1030:
974:
898:
619:
483:
384:
372:
3986:(Hardback) (1st ed.). London: Doubleday. pp. 354 pages.
2491:
Notable Mughal and Hindu women in the 16th and 17th centuries A.D.
2061:
1840:
1803:
855:
368:
Mumtaz Mahal was born Arjumand Banu Begum in Agra to a family of
265:
3821:(1. publ. ed.). Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi & Co. p. 40.
3105:
The complete Taj Mahal : and the riverfront gardens of Agra
2689:
Qazwini. fol. 233a translated by Begley and Desai (1984), p. 14.
2613:(1. publ. ed.). Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi & Co. p. 38.
1126:
He survived in the war of succession. He married and had issue.
1050:
3056:
The empire of the Great Mughals : history, art and culture
1932:
Pickthall, Marmaduke William; Asad, Muhammad (1 January 1975).
1614:
595:
547:
in 1610 and in 1617, after marrying Mumtaz, took a third wife,
506:
499:
491:
464:
79:
2571:. Translated by Fuller, A. R. Oxford Library Press. p. 5.
2094:. Translated by Fuller, A. R. Oxford Library Press. p. 6.
1082:
799:
Mumtaz Mahal is a main character in Sonja Chandrachud's novel
3963:(Hardback) (1st ed.). Thames & Hudson Ltd. pp.
1143:
888:
758:
713:
472:
3152:. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2014. p. 11.
837:
Actress Enakshi Rama Rau played the role of Mumtaz Mahal in
699:
3630:
3552:
3550:
3548:
960:
910:
452:
451:
Mumtaz Mahal was born as Arjumand Banu on 27 April 1593 in
358:
170:
134:
3960:
The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra
3258:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p.
2697:
2695:
2632:
2630:
2493:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Inter-India Publ. p. 115.
2156:
2154:
639:
is the final resting place of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan.
3693:
2677:
The complete Taj Mahal and the riverfront gardens of Agra
1337:
Mumtaz died while giving birth to her on 17 June 1631 in
784:
Arjumand Banu (Mumtaz Mahal) is a principal character in
4024:. Oxford, UK: Nur Jahan : Empress of Mughal India.
3545:
3346:(1st U.S. ed.). New York: Walker & Co. p.
2372:
3314:
3295:
3276:
2692:
2627:
2192:
2151:
439:) during the birth of her 14th child, a daughter named
412:(Shah Jahan's favorite daughter), and the Crown prince
3166:
2173:
365:, was commissioned by her husband to act as her tomb.
3749:"Guerlain recounts the enchanting Legend of Shalimar"
2872:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 109.
2792:
2649:
3556:
2773:
2729:
2720:
2135:
Islam Today a Short Introduction to the Muslim World
973:
Mumtaz Mahal was the inspiration behind the popular
345:
from 1628 to 1631 as the chief consort of the fifth
2845:
100 Years Life Sketch: Pathway to Spiritual Journey
2391:
2062:Frank W. Thackeray; John E. Findling, eds. (2012).
3558:
3524:
3471:"Trouble at the Taj by Sonja Chandrachud – review"
3251:
3052:
2544:The peacock throne : the drama of Mogul India
3926:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFShujauddin1967 (
913:played the role of Mumtaz Mahal in S. T. Zaidi's
871:Mumtaz Mahal was portrayed by actress Nasreen in
4052:
3787:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 115.
3375:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 599.
2908:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.
2721:Shujauddin, Mohammad; Shujauddin, Razia (1967).
2034:Phillips, Rhonda; Roberts, Sherma, eds. (2013).
478:Asaf Khan was also the older brother of Empress
3437:
2870:Women's history in global perspective: volume 2
2757:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India
2033:
891:-language drama film by Ram Daryani, starring
459:and his wife Diwanji Begum, the daughter of a
27:Empress of the Mughal Empire from 1628 to 1633
3557:Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999).
2759:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 425.
1931:
1901:"After Sunnis, now Shias too claim Taj Mahal"
813:Manahil Bandukwala's debut poetry collection
723:the name Mumtaz. European travelers, such as
3339:
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2966:Khan, 'Inayat; Begley, Wayne Edison (1990).
2820:The peacock throne: the drama of Mogul India
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2641:sfn error: no target: CITEREFTillotson2012 (
2516:The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India
2429:"Waqf board handles Muslim rulers' property"
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2307:
2305:
2303:
2242:
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2137:. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 94.
2066:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 254.
2057:
2055:
1988:. University of Chicago Press. p. 689.
1984:Lach, Donald F.; Kley, Edwin J. Van (1998).
1868:"Who is the rightful claimant to Taj Mahal?"
4005:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3785:People, taxation, and trade in Mughal India
2484:
2482:
2480:
851:, a 1944 Indian film was based on her life.
803:(2011). She appears in the book as a ghost.
750:, along with another one after her husband.
389:
322:
3921:
3468:
2965:
2725:. Lahore: Caravan Book House. p. 121.
1828:
901:portrayed Mumtaz Mahal in M. Sadiq's film
532:
68:
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3774:
3320:
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2701:
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2636:
2586:. Dandewal Publishing House. p. 112.
2378:
2329:
2300:
2198:
2179:
2160:
2052:
2008:
1281:Died at the age of one and a half years.
858:played the role of young Mumtaz Mahal in
3801:
3370:
2973:. Oxford University Press. p. 647.
2679:. Bookwise (India) Pvt. Ltd. p. 18.
2668:
2477:
2267:
2217:
1983:
698:
690:
630:
446:
341:; 27 April 1593 – 17 June 1631) was the
3981:
3864:
3657:Kaur, Devinder Bir (20 December 2009).
3624:Kardar, Abdul Rashid (1 January 2000).
3246:
2274:. Oxford University Press. p. 29.
2107:
1829:Srivastava, Piyush (27 November 2014).
14:
4053:
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3816:
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2735:
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2608:
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2593:
2541:
2535:
2513:
1865:
1794:"Now, Shias assert claim to Taj Mahal"
1594:
1590:
1580:
1498:10. Ala-ud-Daula Aqa Mulla (son of 12)
1479:
1372:
1368:
626:
316:
3982:Preston, Diana & Michael (2007).
3940:
3499:
3130:from the original on 18 November 2022
2867:
2754:
2363:
2350:
2348:
2311:
2132:
2103:
2101:
2085:
2083:
2013:. London: Profile Books. p. 11.
1913:from the original on 3 September 2023
1880:from the original on 4 September 2023
1847:from the original on 3 September 2023
1810:from the original on 3 September 2023
1754:"The Cause of The Taj:: Mumtaz Mahal"
1692:
1689:
1679:
1667:
1657:
1653:
1641:
1638:
1628:
1612:
1602:
1598:
1574:
1564:
1552:
1542:
1538:
1526:
1520:
1510:
1497:
1487:
1483:
1467:
1461:
1451:
1438:
1428:
1424:
1412:
1406:
1396:
1380:
1376:
735:
655:. Her body was temporarily buried at
3956:
3656:
3605:from the original on 13 January 2017
3438:Nithya Expresso (22 November 2010).
3228:from the original on 1 December 2016
3101:
2901:
2847:. Trafford Publishing. p. 121.
2842:
2674:
2581:
2566:
2488:
2457:
2089:
1898:
746:A crater was named in her honour on
3852:from the original on 30 August 2023
3533:from the original on 30 August 2023
3525:Manahil Bandukwala (5 April 2022).
3416:from the original on 30 August 2023
3008:
2987:from the original on 30 August 2023
2886:
2590:
2439:from the original on 30 August 2023
2288:from the original on 30 August 2023
1944:from the original on 30 August 2023
1866:Shaikh, Ayesha (24 November 2014).
1780:She was religiously a Shi'a Muslim.
531:
24:
4022:Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India
3842:Rapson, Edward James, ed. (1962).
3759:from the original on 26 April 2019
3638:from the original on 13 April 2017
3592:
3481:from the original on 26 April 2019
3450:from the original on 26 April 2019
3371:Bergeron, Jacqueline, ed. (1994).
3095:
3026:
3020:
2345:
2312:Kumar, Anant (January–June 2014).
2098:
2080:
635:A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the
25:
4132:
4039:
1770:from the original on 19 June 2023
569:
4101:Indian people of Iranian descent
3689:"Taj Mahal – A Monument of Love"
3340:Diana; Preston, Michael (2007).
2723:The Life and Times of Noor Jahan
1791:
1439:9. Unnamed wife (daughter of 12)
1251:
1170:
1142:
1114:
1081:
1049:
949:Taj Mahal: An Eternal Love Story
929:and Shakuntala released in 1977.
830:is a 1926 Indian silent film by
498:, who served as the governor of
343:empress consort of Mughal Empire
4020:Banks Findley, Ellison (1993).
3984:A Teardrop on the Cheek of Time
3950:
3934:
3915:
3902:
3835:
3741:
3713:
3681:
3650:
3617:
3586:
3518:
3493:
3462:
3431:
3389:
3364:
3333:
3240:
3210:
3196:. V S Publishers. p. 128.
3185:
3150:Britannica Student Encyclopedia
3142:
3086:
3077:
3046:
2999:
2959:
2926:
2861:
2836:
2811:
2748:
2714:
2683:
2602:
2575:
2560:
2507:
2451:
2421:
2357:
2261:
2236:
2211:
2126:
1639:6. Ghiyas ud-din 'Ali Asaf Khan
193:
3845:The Cambridge History of India
3561:Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema
3440:"A whiff of the glorious past"
3254:Islamic gardens and landscapes
2868:Smith, Bonnie G., ed. (2005).
2318:Case Reports in Women's Health
2271:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
2027:
2002:
1977:
1940:. Islamic Culture Board: 196.
1925:
1892:
1859:
1822:
1785:
1746:
796:(2010), begins with her death.
463:noble, Khwaja Ghias-ud-din of
98:19 January 1628 – 17 June 1631
13:
1:
3194:Greatest Wonders of the World
2937:The city in the Islamic world
1739:
934:Taj Mahal: A Monument of Love
765:
602:and Hall of Public Audience (
427:Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631 in
399:The Exalted One of the Palace
332:The Exalted One of the Palace
32:Mumtaz Mahal (disambiguation)
3848:. CUP Archive. p. 228.
2518:. India: Sage Publications.
2368:. R. G. Bansal. p. 101.
740:
720:The Ninety Nine Names of God
686:
383:, the chief wife of Emperor
361:, often cited as one of the
7:
4111:17th-century Iranian people
4091:17th-century Indian royalty
4019:
3469:Krazy Kesh (4 March 2013).
3053:Annemarie Schimmel (2005).
2755:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1986).
2364:Ahmad, Moin-ud-din (1924).
2247:. I.B.Tauris. p. 131.
2243:Balabanlilar, Lisa (2015).
1349:
1002:
516:
10:
4137:
4121:Mothers of Mughal emperors
4116:17th-century Iranian women
3721:"Finding the protagonists"
3595:"Suraiya: a success story"
3565:. British Film Institute.
2331:10.1016/j.crwh.2014.07.001
2268:Esposito, John L. (2004).
2108:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
2038:. Routledge. p. 128.
1759:Taj Mahal Official Website
1592:
1473:
1370:
942:portrayed Mumtaz Mahal in
925:, an Indian film starring
375:. She was the daughter of
318:[mʊmˈtaːzˈmɛɦ(ɛ)l]
210:
29:
4096:17th-century Indian women
4001:Tillotson, Giles (2008).
3399:To Say Nothing of the Dog
2941:. Leiden: Brill. p.
2818:Hansen, Waldemar (1972).
2542:Hansen, Waldemar (1972).
2009:Tillotson, Giles (2008).
1899:DHNS (24 November 2014).
1673:
1655:
1647:
1622:
1600:
1596:
1558:
1540:
1532:
1504:
1485:
1481:
1445:
1426:
1418:
1390:
1374:
1358:Ancestors of Mumtaz Mahal
999:
778:To Say Nothing of the Dog
314:Hindustani pronunciation:
297:
289:
279:
264:
203:
178:
161:
144:
126:
122:
112:
102:
94:
87:
67:
46:
41:
3783:Moosvi, Shireen (2008).
2902:Wade, Bonnie C. (1998).
2584:Nur Jahan and Her Family
2458:Ball, Valentine (2007).
2133:Ahmed, Akbar S. (2009).
992:Children of Mumtaz Mahal
985:
967:
821:
695:Cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal
3817:Sarker, Kobita (2007).
3396:Willis, Connie (2013).
3218:"Taj Mahal Calligraphy"
2609:Sarker, Kobita (2007).
2218:Richards, J.F. (1995).
1613:12. Aqa Mulla Dawatdar
1238:Died soon after birth.
792:(2003) and its sequel,
643:Mumtaz Mahal died from
560:Iqbal Namah-e-Jahangiri
3894:: CS1 maint: others (
3697:. 2003. Archived from
3192:Khatri, Vikas (2012).
2582:Pant, Chandra (1978).
2514:Sharma, Sudha (2016).
1965:Cite journal requires
1383:Khwaja Muhammad Sharif
1341:. She died unmarried.
704:
696:
640:
173:, Uttar Pradesh, India
3402:. Orion. p. 97.
3248:Ruggles, D. Fairchild
2843:Arya, Somraj (2013).
2567:Khan, Inayat (1990).
2489:Nath, Renuka (1990).
2090:Khan, Inayat (1990).
1764:Uttar Pradesh Tourism
1464:Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan
957:Taj: Divided by Blood
806:In John Shors' novel
702:
694:
645:postpartum hemorrhage
634:
457:Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan
447:Family and early life
377:Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan
284:Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan
4071:Deaths in childbirth
3502:Beneath a Marble Sky
3500:Shors, John (2013).
1197:February/March 1621
895:in the titular role.
808:Beneath a Marble Sky
363:Wonders of the World
30:For other uses, see
4106:Wives of Shah Jahan
4076:Indian Shia Muslims
3957:Koch, Ebba (2006).
3102:Koch, Ebba (2006).
2675:Koch, Ebba (2006).
2409:on 26 December 2014
2399:"Abu Fazl 'Allami,
1873:The Express Tribune
1093:The eldest son and
873:Abdul Rashid Kardar
761:is named after her.
663:on the bank of the
627:Death and aftermath
339:Arjumand Banu Begum
130:Arjumand Banu Begum
18:Arjumand Banu Begum
3755:. 30 August 2013.
3729:. 17 December 2002
3444:New Indian Express
2435:. 2 October 2010.
2433:The Times of India
1799:The Indian Express
1206:Surayya Banu Begum
1195:18 December 1619 –
1151:11 September 1671
1149:3 September 1617 –
1058:16 September 1681
801:Trouble at the Taj
790:The Feast of Roses
736:In popular culture
705:
697:
641:
549:Izz-un-Nissa Begum
490:, the governor of
3659:"Bewitching Bina"
3115:978-0-500-34209-1
3027:Begley, Wayne E.
2569:The Shahjahannama
2324:. Elsevier: 4–7.
2092:The Shahjahannama
1934:"Islamic Culture"
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1409:I'timad-ud-Daulah
1345:
1344:
1317:Died in infancy.
1299:Died in infancy.
1276:4 November 1626 –
1260:14 December 1661
1222:at the age of 7.
1200:Died in infancy.
1177:3 November 1618 –
1033:at the age of 3.
1016:Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
887:is a 1957 Indian
748:asteroid 433 Eros
542:
307:
306:
221:Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
16:(Redirected from
4128:
4081:People from Agra
4035:
4016:
3997:
3978:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3922:Shujauddin (1967
3919:
3913:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3893:
3885:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3814:
3799:
3798:
3780:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3701:on 15 April 2023
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3669:on 13 April 2017
3665:. Archived from
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3593:Raheja, Dinesh.
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3564:
3554:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3257:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3099:
3093:
3092:Preston, p. 176.
3090:
3084:
3083:Preston, p. 175.
3081:
3075:
3074:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3036:The Art Bulletin
3033:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3006:
3005:Preston, p. 171.
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2940:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2486:
2475:
2474:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2405:. Archived from
2395:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2309:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1750:
1690:3. Diwanji Begum
1364:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1324:Gauhar Ara Begum
1258:8 October 1624 –
1255:
1174:
1146:
1123:7 February 1661
1118:
1085:
1053:
997:
996:
725:François Bernier
709:Sir Edwin Arnold
537:
535:
534:
441:Gauhar Ara Begum
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
320:
315:
256:Gauhar Ara Begum
214:
197:
195:
151:
72:
39:
38:
21:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4051:
4050:
4042:
4032:
4013:
3994:
3975:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3908:Sunita Sharma,
3907:
3903:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3815:
3802:
3795:
3781:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3655:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3555:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3529:. Brick Books.
3523:
3519:
3512:
3498:
3494:
3484:
3482:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3436:
3432:
3419:
3417:
3410:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3116:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3051:
3047:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2981:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2580:
2576:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2487:
2478:
2471:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2310:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2282:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2106:
2099:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1982:
1978:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1790:
1786:
1773:
1771:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1333:
1327:
1313:
1312:23 April 1630 –
1307:
1295:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1259:
1248:
1230:
1214:
1208:
1196:
1190:
1178:
1164:
1150:
1136:
1133:Roshanara Begum
1122:
1111:
1090:30 August 1659
1089:
1088:20 March 1615 –
1075:
1057:
1056:23 March 1614 –
1043:
1025:
1024:30 March 1613 –
1019:
994:
988:
970:
923:Shahzadi Mumtaz
824:
794:Shadow Princess
786:Indu Sundaresan
768:
743:
738:
689:
629:
572:
545:Kandahari Begum
519:
488:Qutubuddin Koka
469:Mirza Ghias Beg
449:
401:
398:
395:
392:
334:
331:
328:
325:
313:
260:
241:Roshanara Begum
211:among others...
208:
207:
199:
196: 1612)
191:
187:
174:
157:, Mughal Empire
153:
149:
133:
131:
83:
55:
49:Empress consort
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4134:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4040:External links
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:978-0195074888
4030:
4017:
4012:978-0674063655
4011:
3998:
3993:978-0385609470
3992:
3979:
3973:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:, p. 101)
3933:
3914:
3901:
3880:
3863:
3834:
3827:
3800:
3793:
3770:
3740:
3712:
3680:
3649:
3616:
3599:www.rediff.com
3585:
3571:
3544:
3517:
3511:978-0929701974
3510:
3492:
3461:
3430:
3409:978057513113-2
3408:
3388:
3381:
3363:
3356:
3332:
3321:Tillotson 2012
3313:
3302:Tillotson 2012
3294:
3283:Tillotson 2012
3275:
3268:
3239:
3209:
3203:978-9381588307
3202:
3184:
3173:Tillotson 2012
3165:
3158:
3141:
3114:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3069:
3045:
3019:
3007:
2998:
2979:
2958:
2951:
2925:
2918:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2860:
2853:
2835:
2828:
2810:
2801:, p. 320.
2791:
2772:
2765:
2747:
2728:
2713:
2702:Tillotson 2012
2691:
2682:
2667:
2658:, p. 308.
2648:
2637:Tillotson 2012
2626:
2619:
2601:
2589:
2574:
2559:
2552:
2534:
2524:
2506:
2499:
2476:
2469:
2450:
2420:
2390:
2381:, p. 194.
2379:Tillotson 2012
2371:
2356:
2344:
2299:
2280:
2260:
2253:
2235:
2228:
2210:
2199:Tillotson 2012
2191:
2180:Tillotson 2012
2172:
2161:Tillotson 2012
2150:
2143:
2125:
2118:
2097:
2079:
2072:
2051:
2044:
2026:
2019:
2001:
1994:
1976:
1967:|journal=
1924:
1891:
1858:
1821:
1784:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1332:17 June 1631 –
1330:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1305:Husn Ara Begum
1301:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1215:28 April 1628
1213:10 June 1621 –
1211:
1209:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1166:Mughal emperor
1156:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:23 June 1616 –
1119:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1040:Jahanara Begum
1035:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
995:
990:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
969:
966:
965:
964:
953:
937:
930:
920:
908:
896:
882:
869:
860:Nanubhai Vakil
852:
844:
835:
823:
820:
819:
818:
811:
804:
797:
782:
775:'s 1997 novel
767:
764:
763:
762:
757:on the planet
751:
742:
739:
737:
734:
688:
685:
669:Jahanara Begum
653:Deccan Plateau
628:
625:
576:Shahryar Mirza
571:
570:Mughal empress
568:
518:
515:
448:
445:
437:Madhya Pradesh
410:Jahanara Begum
347:Mughal emperor
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
268:
262:
261:
259:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
226:Jahanara Begum
223:
217:
215:
201:
200:
189:
183:
182:
180:
176:
175:
165:
163:
159:
158:
152:(aged 37)
146:
142:
141:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
117:Jahanara Begum
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:
73:
65:
64:
57:Empress mother
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4133:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3942:
3937:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3912:(2004), p. 45
3911:
3905:
3897:
3891:
3883:
3881:9780295969442
3877:
3873:
3867:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3828:9788170743002
3824:
3820:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3796:
3794:9780195693157
3790:
3786:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3574:
3572:9780851706696
3568:
3563:
3562:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3507:
3504:. McPherson.
3503:
3496:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3382:9789401111003
3378:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3357:9780802715111
3353:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3323:, p. 71.
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:, p. 69.
3303:
3298:
3290:
3285:, p. 40.
3284:
3279:
3271:
3269:9780812207286
3265:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3169:
3161:
3159:9781625131720
3155:
3151:
3145:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3098:
3089:
3080:
3072:
3070:9781861891853
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3002:
2986:
2982:
2980:9780195624892
2976:
2972:
2971:
2962:
2954:
2952:9789004162402
2948:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2921:
2919:9780226868400
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2889:
2881:
2879:9780252072499
2875:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2854:9781490719603
2850:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:, p. 39.
2781:
2776:
2768:
2766:9788120710153
2762:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2738:, p. 39.
2737:
2732:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2704:, p. 30.
2703:
2698:
2696:
2686:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2644:
2639:, p. 21.
2638:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2620:9788170743002
2616:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2578:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2553:9788120802254
2549:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2527:
2525:9789351505655
2521:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2500:9788121002417
2496:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2472:
2470:9788120615670
2466:
2462:
2454:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2375:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2287:
2283:
2281:9780199757268
2277:
2273:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2254:9780857732460
2250:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2229:9780521566032
2225:
2221:
2220:Mughal empire
2214:
2206:
2201:, p. 27.
2200:
2195:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2163:, p. 20.
2162:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2144:9780857713803
2140:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2119:9780195127188
2115:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2073:9781598849011
2069:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2045:9781135711887
2041:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2020:9781847652478
2016:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1995:9780226466972
1991:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1959:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1906:Deccan Herald
1902:
1895:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1792:Khan, Hamza.
1788:
1781:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1701:
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1687:
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1677:
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1651:
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1635:
1632:
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1626:
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1620:
1619:
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1610:
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1606:
1605:
1588:
1587:
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1583:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1568:
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1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
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1549:
1546:
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1536:
1535:
1530:
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1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1491:
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1471:
1470:
1465:
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1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1448:
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1436:
1435:
1432:
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1422:
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1416:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:3 March 1707
1176:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:Padshah Begum
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:heir-apparent
1092:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:Padshah Begum
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1045:Padshah Begum
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
998:
993:
980:
976:
972:
971:
962:
958:
954:
951:
950:
945:
941:
938:
935:
931:
928:
924:
921:
918:
917:
912:
909:
906:
905:
900:
897:
894:
890:
886:
883:
880:
879:
874:
870:
867:
866:
861:
857:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
841:
836:
833:
829:
826:
825:
816:
812:
809:
805:
802:
798:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
779:
774:
773:Connie Willis
770:
769:
760:
756:
752:
749:
745:
744:
733:
730:
726:
721:
717:
715:
710:
701:
693:
684:
682:
678:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
638:
633:
624:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Padshah Begum
577:
567:
563:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
540:
529:
525:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
435:(present-day
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
418:heir-apparent
415:
411:
407:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
319:
311:
303:
300:
296:
293:Diwanji Begum
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
274:(by marriage)
272:
269:
267:
263:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
216:
213:
212:
206:
202:
186:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
147:
143:
140:
139:Mughal Empire
136:
132:27 April 1593
129:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
89:Padshah Begum
86:
81:
77:
76:Lahore Museum
71:
66:
63:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4046:Mumtaz Mahal
4021:
4002:
3983:
3959:
3951:Bibliography
3936:
3924:, p. 1)
3917:
3909:
3904:
3871:
3866:
3854:. Retrieved
3844:
3837:
3818:
3784:
3761:. Retrieved
3752:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3724:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3699:the original
3692:
3683:
3671:. Retrieved
3667:the original
3662:
3652:
3640:. Retrieved
3629:
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3598:
3588:
3576:. Retrieved
3560:
3535:. Retrieved
3520:
3501:
3495:
3483:. Retrieved
3475:The Guardian
3474:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3443:
3433:
3425:
3420:23 September
3418:. Retrieved
3398:
3391:
3372:
3366:
3342:
3335:
3316:
3297:
3278:
3253:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3221:
3212:
3193:
3187:
3175:, p. 4.
3168:
3149:
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3104:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3055:
3048:
3039:
3035:
3022:
3017:Koch, p. 20.
3001:
2989:. Retrieved
2968:
2961:
2936:
2928:
2904:
2897:
2892:Koch, p. 19.
2888:
2869:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2819:
2813:
2794:
2775:
2756:
2750:
2731:
2722:
2716:
2685:
2676:
2670:
2651:
2610:
2604:
2599:Koch, p. 18.
2583:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2543:
2537:
2529:
2515:
2509:
2490:
2459:
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2432:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:the original
2401:Áín i Akbarí
2400:
2393:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2335:. Retrieved
2321:
2317:
2290:. Retrieved
2270:
2263:
2244:
2238:
2219:
2213:
2194:
2182:, p. 3.
2175:
2134:
2128:
2110:Jahangirnama
2109:
2091:
2063:
2035:
2029:
2010:
2004:
1985:
1979:
1958:cite journal
1946:. Retrieved
1937:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1904:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1871:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1834:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1797:
1787:
1779:
1772:. Retrieved
1757:
1748:
1577:Mumtaz Mahal
1576:
1322:
1304:
1296:13 May 1629
1294:8 May 1628 –
1286:
1278:13 May 1628
1268:
1245:Murad Bakhsh
1243:
1227:
1205:
1187:
1165:
1159:
1137:
1131:
1106:
1076:
1070:
1044:
1038:
1026:5 June 1616
1014:
991:
947:
933:
922:
914:
902:
885:Mumtaz Mahal
884:
876:
863:
848:Mumtaz Mahal
846:
838:
828:Mumtaz Mahal
827:
814:
807:
800:
793:
789:
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150:(1631-06-17)
148:17 June 1631
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42:Mumtaz Mahal
36:
4066:1631 deaths
4061:1593 births
3941:Ahmad (1924
3663:The Tribune
3626:"Shahjehan"
3537:28 February
3232:27 November
2799:Findly 1993
2780:Findly 1994
2736:Findly 1993
2656:Findly 1993
2413:1 September
2337:21 December
1917:3 September
1884:3 September
1851:3 September
1836:India Today
1814:3 September
1774:3 September
1523:Asmat Begam
1287:Daulat Afza
1228:Unnamed son
1188:Izad Bakhsh
1072:Dara Shikoh
940:Sonya Jehan
832:Homi Master
665:Tapti River
414:Dara Shikoh
404:. Although
231:Dara Shikoh
103:Predecessor
4055:Categories
3974:0500342091
3527:"Monument"
2829:812080225X
2292:1 December
1740:References
1269:Lutf Allah
1108:Shah Shuja
944:Akbar Khan
766:Literature
677:Wazir Khan
608:Dīwān-e-Ām
556:polygamous
351:Shah Jahan
302:Shia Islam
236:Shah Shuja
185:Shah Jahan
82:, Pakistan
4086:Taj Mahal
4003:Taj Mahal
3965:288 pages
3890:cite book
3856:16 August
3726:The Hindu
3578:12 August
3222:Taj Mahal
2991:16 August
2011:Taj Mahal
1339:Burhanpur
1161:Aurangzeb
1099:Aurangzeb
916:Taj Mahal
904:Taj Mahal
878:Shahjehan
865:Taj Mahal
788:'s novel
741:Astronomy
729:Aurangzeb
687:Taj Mahal
681:Taj Mahal
657:Burhanpur
649:Burhanpur
637:Taj Mahal
612:Nur Jahan
588:Agra Fort
533:ممتاز محل
480:Nur Jahan
475:in Agra.
429:Burhanpur
422:Aurangzeb
406:betrothed
381:Nur Jahan
355:Taj Mahal
246:Aurangzeb
167:Taj Mahal
155:Burhanpur
113:Successor
107:Nur Jahan
61:Hindustan
53:Hindustan
3850:Archived
3763:26 April
3757:Archived
3753:lvmh.com
3733:12 April
3673:12 April
3642:12 April
3636:Archived
3609:12 April
3603:Archived
3531:Archived
3485:26 April
3479:Archived
3454:26 April
3448:Archived
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3250:(2008).
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1948:13 April
1942:Archived
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1768:Archived
1350:Ancestry
1220:smallpox
1218:Died of
1031:smallpox
1029:Died of
1006:Lifespan
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862:'s film
854:Actress
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620:Sanskrit
584:"Hazrat"
517:Marriage
484:Jahangir
385:Jahangir
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298:Religion
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1804:Lucknow
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907:(1963).
881:(1946).
868:(1941).
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